Examining the Impact of Acute Binge Alcohol Consumption on Trabecular Morphometry and Tensile Strength in Adolescent Sprague Dawley Rat Mandibles / Análisis del Impacto del Consumo Excesivo de Alcohol en la Morfometría Trabecular y la Resistencia a la Tracción en Mandíbulas de Ratas Adolescentes Sprague Dawley

SUMMARY: Underage drinking has become a major public concern having a negative impact on the growth and development of the skeleton. Peak bone mass is attained during adolescence hence the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of acute binge alcohol consumption on trabecular morphometry and tensile strength of the adolescent mandible in the Sprague Dawley (SD) rat. The study comprised of 24 SD rats, aged 7 weeks, placed into either the alcohol-exposed [n=12 (6 males and 6 female)] or pair-fed control group [n=12 (6 male and 6 female)]. The treatment of the groups was as follows; the alcohol exposed group and the pair-fed control were administered a single daily dose of 3 g/kg of 20 % alcohol 3 days a week (alternate days) for 7 days and a caloric equivalent dose of maltose dextrin via oral gavage, respectively. The animals were terminated on day 7 via pentobarbital injection. The mandibles were harvested and scanned using a Nikon XTH 255L 3D-microCT scanner (Nikon Metrology, Leuven, Belgium), and biomechanical tests were done using a Shimadzu universal tensile strength testing machine (China). Following scanning and reconstruction, the trabecular morphometry was assessed using Volume Graphics Studio® software. A 3-point bending test was used to evaluate the tensile strength of the bone. Findings from our study showed changes in some trabecular parameters in the female alcohol-exposed group, while the male groups remained unaffected. No changes in tensile strength were seen when comparing male pair-fed control and alcohol-exposed groups and when comparing female pair-fed control and alcohol-exposed groups. Trabecular and tensile strength differences were observed between the sexes when comparing male pair-fed control and alcohol-exposed groups to female pair-fed control and alcohol-exposed groups. These findings do suggest that acute binge alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the bone micro-architecture in female alcohol-exposed rats and that differences are seen between the sexes.

El consumo de alcohol entre menores de edad se ha convertido en una importante preocupación pública que tiene un impacto negativo en el crecimiento y desarrollo del esqueleto. La masa ósea máxima se alcanza durante la adolescencia, por lo que el objetivo del estudio fue investigar el efecto del consumo excesivo de alcohol en forma aguda sobre la morfometría trabecular y la resistencia a la tracción de la mandíbula en ratas adolescente Sprague Dawley (SD). El estudio estuvo compuesto por 24 ratas, de 7 semanas de edad, colocadas en el grupo control expuesto al alcohol [n=12 (6 machos y 6 hembras)] y alimentado en parejas [n=12 (6 machos y 6 hembras)]. El tratamiento de los grupos fue el siguiente; al grupo expuesto al alcohol y al control alimentado en parejas se les administró una dosis única diaria de 3 g/kg de alcohol al 20 % 3 días a la semana (días alternos) durante 7 días y una dosis equivalente calórica de maltosa dextrina mediante sonda oral, respectivamente. Los animales fueron sacrificados el día 7 mediante inyección de pentobarbital. Las mandíbulas se recolectaron y se escanearon utilizando un escáner 3D-microCT Nikon XTH 255L (Nikon Metrology, Lovaina, Bélgica), y las pruebas biomecánicas se realizaron utilizando una máquina de prueba de resistencia a la tracción universal Shimadzu (China). Después del escaneo y la reconstrucción, la morfometría trabecular se evaluó utilizando el software Volume Graphics Studio®. Se utilizó una prueba de flexión de 3 puntos para evaluar la resistencia a la tracción del hueso. Los hallazgos de nuestro estudio mostraron cambios en algunos parámetros trabeculares en el grupo de hembras expuestas al alcohol, mientras que los grupos de machos no se vieron afectados. No se observaron cambios en la resistencia a la tracción al comparar los grupos control de machos alimentados en parejas y los grupos expuestos al alcohol y al comparar los grupos control de las hembras alimentadas en parejas y los grupos expuestos al alcohol. Se observaron diferencias trabeculares y de resistencia a la tracción entre los sexos al comparar los grupos control de los machos alimentados en parejas y expuestos al alcohol con los grupos de control de hembras alimentadas en parejas y expuestas al alcohol. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene efectos perjudiciales sobre la microarquitectura ósea en ratas hembras expuestas al alcohol y que se observan diferencias entre los sexos.

Effect of a Dose-Dependent Administration of Binge Alcohol on the Mandible in the Adolescent Sprague Dawley Rat / Efecto de una Administración Dosis-Dependiente de Alcohol en Exceso en la Mandíbula de la Rata Sprague Dawley Adolescente

SUMMARY: Binge drinking in adolescents has a negative effect on the developing skeleton and the attainment of peak bone mass. Our study aimed to examine the effect of binge drinking on the growth and functional integrity of the adolescent Sprague Dawley rat mandible and to determine if a dosage of 1.5 g/kg is sufficient to produce a binge-model of consumption. A total of eight 7-week-old adolescent (male) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly placed into 4 groups with two rats each: 1-week alcohol-exposed rats, 1-week pair- fed control rats, 4-week alcohol-exposed rats and 4-week pair-fed control rats. The alcohol exposed groups were administered a single daily dose via oral gavage of 1.5 g/kg of 20 % alcohol 3 days a week (alternate days) for 7 or 28 days. The pair-fed control groups were administered a caloric equivalent dose of maltose dextrin via oral gavage on the same days as the alcohol-exposed rats. The one-week alcohol exposed, and control rats were terminated on day 7 and the four-week alcohol exposed and control rats on day 28. The mandibles were dissected out and osteometric measurements determined using a digital vernier caliper. Bones were scanned using a 3D-microCT scanner (Nikon XTH 255L). Biomechanical tests were done using a Shimadzu universal testing machine. Differences observed were regarding mandibular osteometry, which showed a reduced height in the central portion of the alveolar bone (Al'-Me), and an increase in the height of the condylar head (Cd-Ag) in the 1-week alcohol-exposed rats when compared to the 1-week pair-fed control rats. No other differences were noted. Lack of significant changes seen between the alcohol and pair-fed control groups in both acute binge and chronic binge exposed rats is likely due to the low dose of alcohol administered to the rats in the study thus a higher dose is proposed.

El consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes tiene un efecto negativo en el desarrollo del esqueleto y en la consecución de la masa ósea máxima. Nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el efecto del consumo excesivo de alcohol sobre el crecimiento y la integridad funcional de la mandíbula de la rata adolescente Sprague Dawley y determinar si una dosis de 1,5 g/kg es suficiente para producir un modelo de consumo compulsivo. Un total de ocho ratas Sprague Dawley adolescentes (machos) de 7 semanas de edad se colocaron aleatoriamente en 4 grupos con dos ratas cada uno: ratas expuestas al alcohol durante 1 semana, ratas de control alimentadas en parejas durante 1 semana, ratas expuestas al alcohol durante 4 semanas, y ratas de control alimentadas en parejas durante 4 semanas. A los grupos expuestos al alcohol se les administró una dosis única diaria mediante sonda oral de 1,5 g/kg de alcohol al 20 % 3 días a la semana (días alternos) durante 7 o 28 días. A los grupos de control alimentados por parejas se les administró una dosis calórica equivalente de maltosa dextrina mediante sonda oral los mismos días que a las ratas expuestas al alcohol. Las ratas expuestas al alcohol durante una semana, las ratas de control al día 7, las ratas expuestas al alcohol durante cuatro semanas y las ratas de control al día 28. Se diseccionaron las mandíbulas y se determinaron las mediciones osteométricas utilizando un calibre vernier digital. Los huesos se escanearon utilizando un escáner 3D-microCT (Nikon XTH 255L). Las pruebas biomecánicas se realizaron utilizando una máquina de pruebas universal Shimadzu. Las diferencias observadas se relacionaron con la osteometría mandibular, que mostró una altura reducida en la porción central del hueso alveolar (Al'-Me) y un aumento en la altura de la cabeza condilar (Cd-Ag) en las ratas expuestas al alcohol durante una semana, en comparación con las ratas control alimentadas en parejas durante una semana. No se observaron otras diferencias. La falta de diferencias significativas entre los grupos de alcohol y de control alimentados en parejas expuestas a ebriedad aguda y ebriedad crónica, probablemente se deba a la baja dosis de alcohol administrada a las ratas en el estudio, por lo que se propone una dosis más alta.

Consumo de bebida alcoólica por estudantes de medicina: um panorama global / Alcohol consumption by medical students: a global overview / Consumo de alcohol por estudiantes de medicina: una visión global

O consumo de bebidas alcoólicas representa um dos principais fatores de risco de envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito. Objetivou-se analisar o panorama geral de consumo de bebida alcoólica por estudantes de medicina e as implicações nos acidentes de trânsito. Foram consultadas as bases de dados SciELO, PubMed e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e incluídos dez artigos completos disponíveis entre 2010 e 2022, em língua portuguesa e inglesa. Resultou que o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas pelos estudantes variou de 76,6% a 81,2%, e que ingerir bebidas alcoólicas expõe os motoristas ao envolvimento em acidentes de trânsito 68% maior do que os que não estão expostos a tal fator. Concluiu-se que os estudantes de medicina, população jovem, apresentam um alto índice de consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, e os motivos envolvidos apontam para o nível de pressão do curso, alta carga horária, períodos do curso mais avançados, festas acadêmicas e morar sem os pais.

The consumption of alcoholic drinks represents one of the main risk factors for the involvement in traffic accidents. The objective of this study was to analyze the general panorama of alcohol consumption by medical students and the implications for traffic accidents. SciELO, PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases were consulted, and ten full articles available between 2010 and 2022, in Portuguese and English, were included. The results obtained were that the consumption of alcoholic drinks by students ranged from 76.6% to 81.2%, and that alcohol drinking exposes drivers to involvement in 68% more traffic accidents than those who are not exposed to such factor. It was concluded that medical students, a young population, have a high rate of consumption of alcoholic beverages, and the reasons involved point to the level of pressure of the medical school, high workload, seniority in the program, academic parties, and living without the parents

El consumo de bebidas alcohólicas representa uno de los principales factores de riesgo de implicación en accidentes de tráfico. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el panorama del consumo de alcohol por los estudiantes de medicina y las implicaciones en los accidentes de tránsito. Se consultaron las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed y Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y se incluyeron diez artículos completos disponibles entre 2010 y 2022, en portugués e inglés. Los resultados obtenidos fueran que el consumo de bebidas alcohólicas osciló entre 76,6% y 81,2%, y que el expone a los conductores a involucrarse en accidentes de tráfico un 68% más que aquellos que non están expuestos a tal factor. Se concluyó que los estudiantes de medicina, una población joven, tienen un alto índice de consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, y los motivos involucrados apuntan para el nivel de presión del curso, alta carga horaria, períodos más avanzados del curso, fiestas académicas y morar sin los padres

Cáncer a nivel mundial: un serio problema de salud

El cáncer es un problema de salud de envergadura universal. Para el año 2018 hubo 18,1 millones de casos nuevos y 9,5 millones de muerte por cáncer en todo el mundo. Para el año 2040 se prevé que la cantidad de casos nuevos de cáncer por año aumentara a 29.5 millones y la cantidad de defunciones a 16.4 millones. (provisto por Infomedic International)

Cancer is a universal health problem. By 2018 there were 18.1 million new cases and 9.5 million cancer deaths worldwide. By 2040, the number of new cancer cases per year is projected to increase to 29.5 million and the number of deaths to 16.4 million. (provided by Infomedic International)

The Effects of Acute Binge Alcohol Consumption on the Trabecular Morphometry and Tensile Strength of Adolescent Sprague Dawley Rat Femora

SUMMARY: Excessive alcohol consumption adversely affects bone metabolism, thus resulting in reduced bone length, density, and strength. Moreover, these deficits in bone density and strength are likely to increase the risk of fragility fractures and the early onset of osteoporosis. While excessive alcohol consumption is an established risk factor for osteoporotic fractures, there remains a dearth of information in literature about bone effects of binge alcohol consumption in adolescents. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the effects of acute binge alcohol consumption on the adolescent bone micro-architecture and tensile strength. Twelve male Sprague Dawley rats aged 7 weeks were randomly placed in 2 groups: alcohol (n =6), receiving alcohol (3g/kg) and pair-fed control (n = 6), receiving an isocaloric equivalent of maltose dextrin via oral gavage for 3 days in one week (on alternative days). The femora were dissected and scanned using a Micro-Focus X-ray Computed Tomography (3D-µCT). Following reconstruction, trabecular morphometry was assessed in both the proximal and distal epiphysis, using a Volume Graphics Studio® software. A three-point bending test was employed to examine the effect of alcohol on the tensile strength of the bone. Results showed trabeculae parameters to be affected in the distal epiphysis of the femur, while in the proximal epiphysis it remained unaffected. Tensile strength parameters were also not affected by the consumption of alcohol. These findings may suggest that acute binge alcohol consumption has detrimental effects on the bone micro-architecture specific to the distal epiphysis.

El consumo excesivo de alcohol afecta negativamente al metabolismo óseo, lo que resulta en una reducción de la longitud, densidad y resistencia de los huesos. Además, es probable que estos déficits en la densidad y la fuerza ósea aumenten el riesgo de fracturas por fragilidad y la aparición temprana de osteoporosis. Si bien el consumo excesivo de alcohol es un factor de riesgo establecido para las fracturas osteoporóticas, existe escasa información en la literatura sobre los efectos óseos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en adolescentes. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar los efectos del consumo excesivo de alcohol en la microarquitectura ósea y la resistencia a la tracción e n ratas adolescentes. Doce ratas macho Sprague Dawley de 7 semanas de edad se colocaron aleatoriamente en 2 grupos: alcohol (n = 6), que recibieron alcohol (3 g/kg) y control (n = 6), que recibieron un equivalente isocalórico de maltosa dextrina mediante sonda oral, durante 3 días en una semana (en días alternos). Los fémures se diseccionaron y escanearon mediante una tomografía computarizada de rayos X con microenfoque (3D-mCT). Después de la reconstrucción, se evaluó la morfometría trabecular tanto en la epífisis proximal como en la distal, utilizando un software Volume Graphics Studio®. Se empleó una prueba de flexión de tres puntos para examinar el efecto del alcohol sobre la resistencia a la tracción del hueso. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de las trabéculas se vieron afectados en la epífisis distal del fémur, mientras que en la epífisis proximal no se observaron afectados. Los parámetros de resistencia a la tracción tampoco se vieron afectados por el consumo de alcohol. Estos hallazgos pueden sugerir que el consumo excesivo de alcohol tiene efectos perjudiciales sobre la microarquitectura ósea específica de la epífisis distal del hueso.

Asociación entre obesidad abdominal, consumo de alcohol y actividad física en universitarios panameños / Association between abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and physical activity in Panamanian college students

Introducción. La obesidad abdominal es considerada un factor de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y diabetes. El consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol y la inactividad física también son factores de riesgo comportamentales asociados a enfermedades no transmisibles. Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre la obesidad abdominal, el consumo de alcohol y la inactividad física en universitarios panameños. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal analítico realizado en 374 estudiantes universitarios panameños en el periodo abril ­ diciembre de 2021. Se implementó el cuestionario para la vigilancia de factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles de la Organización Mundial de la Salud y se evaluó la circunferencia de cintura. La obesidad abdominal se estableció con una circunferencia de cintura ≥80 cm en mujeres y ≥90 cm en hombres. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, bivariados y múltiples usando modelos de regresión logística para determinar la asociación entre las variables del estudio. Las pruebas U Mann-Whitney y Chi cuadrado fueron utilizadas para analizar diferencias por sexo. Resultados: Una tercera parte de los universitarios participantes presentaron obesidad abdominal. Las mujeres reportaron mayores niveles de inactividad física (<0,0001) y conducta sedentaria (p=0,0010) que los hombres. Después de ajustar por sexo, edad y nivel socioeconómico, la obesidad abdominal estuvo asociada con la inactividad física (OR: 1,762, IC 95%: 1,040 ­ 2,985, p=0,035) y el consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol (OR 1,114, IC: 1,015 ­ 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusiones: Los universitarios panameños que reportaron bajos niveles de actividad física y consumo excesivo episódico de alcohol tuvieron una mayor probabilidad de registrar obesidad abdominal(AU)

Introduction. Abdominal obesity is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Episodic excessive consumption of alcohol and physical inactivity are behavioral risk factors associated with non-communicable diseases. Objective: To analyze the association between abdominal obesity, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity in Panamanian university students. Materials and methods: Analytical cross-sectional study conducted on 374 Panamanian university students in the period April ­ December 2021. The questionnaire for the surveillance of risk factors for non-communicable diseases of the World Health Organization was implemented and waist circumference was evaluated. Abdominal obesity was established with a waist circumference ≥80 cm in women and ≥90 cm in men. Descriptive, bivariate, and multiple analyzes were performed using logistic regression models to determine the association between the study variables. The Mann-Whitney U and Chi square tests were used to analyze differences by sex. Results: A third of the participating university students had abdominal obesity. Women reported higher levels of physical inactivity (<0,0001) and sedentary behavior (p=0,0010) than men. After adjusting for sex, age and socioeconomic status, abdominal obesity was associated with physical inactivity (OR: 1,762, 95% CI: 1,040 ­ 2,985, p=0,035) and episodic heavy alcohol consumption (OR 1,114, CI: 1,015 ­ 1,223, p=0,023). Conclusions: Students who reported low levels of physical inactivity and binge drinking were more likely to have abdominal obesity(AU)

Morphological study on gray matter volume changes of short-term withdrawal therapy in patients with alcohol use disorder / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the changes in brain structure after short-term withdrawal therapy in patients with alcohol use disorder(AUD).Methods A total of 28 male patients with AUD were included,and brain MRI scans were performed at the time of enrollment and 2-3 weeks after standardized treatment.The total volume of brain tissue,gray matter,white matter and cerebrospi-nal fluid volume before and after treatment were measured by voxel-based morphometry(VBM)technology,and the gray matter volume of each brain region of the whole brain was measured and statistically analyzed according to the automated anatomical labeling(AAL)template.Results Compared with the baseline data,after 2-3 weeks of standardized treatment,the volume of gray matter in brain tissue increased significantly,and the volume of cerebrospinal fluid decreased significantly.Compared with before treatment,the brain regions with increased gray matter volume in the left hemisphere were distributed in the medial and paracingulate gyrus,central sulcus cover,anterior wedge lobe and insula,and the brain regions with increased gray matter volume in the right hemisphere were distributed in the anterior cingulate gyrus,paracingulate gyrus,central sulcus cover,amygdala,superior temporal gyrus,middle temporal gyrus,transverse temporal gyrus,anterior cuneiformus,posterior central gyrus,superior marginal gyrus,peritaloid cortex and insula.Conclusion Patients with AUD experience some increases in gray matter volume,especially in the prefrontal lobe,after short-term withdrawal therapy.

Short-term and long-term curative effect of different polyvinyl alcohol embolic agents combined with coaxial microcatheter embolization on massive hemoptysis / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To explore the short-term and long-term curative effect of different polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)embolic agents combined with coaxial microcatheter embolization on massive hemoptysis.Methods According to different embolization agents,60 patients with massive hemoptysis were divided into polyvinyl alcohol embolization microsphere group(microsphere group,32 cases,polyvinyl alco-hol embolization microsphere+coaxial microcatheter embolization)and polyvinyl alcohol foam embolization microparticle group(micropar-ticle group,28 cases,polyvinyl alcohol foam embolization microparticle+coaxial microcatheter embolization).The curative effect,coagula-tion indexes,hemoptysis volume,incidence of complications and recurrence rate of hemoptysis were compared between the two groups.Results The difference in the response rates to treatment between the two groups was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Hemoptysis volume was significantly less in the microsphere group than that in the microparticle group(P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups(P＞0.05).The recurrence rate of hemoptysis was lower in the microsphere group than that in the microparticle group(3.03％vs 21.43％)(P＜0.05).Conclusion The curative effect of both polyvinyl alcohol embolization microsphere and foam embolization microparticle combined with coaxial microcatheter embolization is highly effective on massive hemoptysis.The long-term prognosis of polyvinyl alcohol embolization microsphere combined with coaxial microcatheter embolization is better.

Hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol/collagen-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogel for repairing rabbit osteochondral defect / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Osteochondral defect of the joint is a difficult problem faced by orthopedic surgeons,and traditional repair methods are difficult to obtain satisfactory curative effects.Hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol-based composite hydrogel material is a direction of current research. OBJECTIVE:To prepare hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol/collagen-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogel material and characterize its physical characteristics,to verify its histocompatibility and cell adhesion and proliferation ability after implantation in vivo,and explore its repair effect on rabbit osteochondral defects. METHODS:The cylindrical porous poly(lactic acid)scaffold was prepared by 3D printing technology(the pore sizes were 1.2,1.4,1.6 and 1.8 mm,respectively).The poly(lactic acid)scaffold was injected with polyvinyl alcohol and hydroxyapatite mixed emulsion.After freezing thawing and dichloromethane dissolution,hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel was prepared.Then,the collagen-chitosan-gelatin mixture was injected into the hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and crosslinked with genipin.Finally,the hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol/collagen-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogel was prepared by alcohol cleaning and freeze-drying.The physical characteristics of the four groups of hydrogels were characterized,and the hydrogels with the best performance were screened for follow-up experiments.Hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel and collagen-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogel were implanted subcutaneously in SD rats.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were used to observe the adhesion growth of cells on the material surface.Osteochondral defect(diameter:5 mm,depth:6 mm)models were made in the femoral trochlea of bilateral knee joints of 15 rabbits.The composite hydrogel was implanted on the left side(experimental group),while no material was implanted on the right side(control group).Micro-CT and histology were used to evaluate the repair effect of osteochondral defects. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Based on the results of porosity,water content,mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy,it was concluded that the hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol/collagen-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogel with a pore size of 1.2 mm was more consistent with the general characteristics of natural cartilage,which was used for subsequent experiments.(2)Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining exhibited that with the extension of subcutaneous implantation time of the materials,the adhesion of cells around the two materials increased significantly,and the proliferation of cells after the implantation of collagen-chitosan-gelatin was better,a large number of cells could be seen growing into the formed network structure,and the network structure was gradually degraded.(3)In the rabbit osteochondral defect experiment,8 weeks after surgery,Micro-CT examination demonstrated that the material implanted in the experimental group had good integration with the surrounding bone-cartilage,with some bone growth on the surface and inside,while the cartilage and subcartilage in the control group still had obvious defects,without effective repair.Hematoxylin-eosin staining and toluidine blue staining displayed that the composite hydrogel in the experimental group integrated with the surrounding articular cartilage 4-8 weeks after implantation.With the extension of time,new cartilage gradually formed on the surface of the material.At 12 weeks,most of the defect was covered by new cartilage,and good bone growth was also observed in the subcartilage.In the control group,the deep bone defects were mostly repaired and the superficial cartilage and subchondral bone defects were also repaired to a certain extent,but they were mainly replaced by fibrous tissue and part of fibrocartilage 12 weeks after surgery.(4)In conclusion,hydroxyapatite-polyvinyl alcohol/collagen-chitosan-gelatin composite hydrogel material can mimic the structure and function of natural cartilage,and can effectively repair osteochondral defects in animal experiments.

Analysis on the Application of Alcohol in Unearthed Medical Literature / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the application of alcohol in unearthed medical literature,so as to provide reference for the clinical application of alcohol in modern Chinese medicine.[Methods]Based on the unearthed literatures such as Wushier Bingfang,Wuwei Medical Bamboo Slips of Han Dynasty,ZHOU Jiatai Medical Bamboo Slips of Qin Dynasty,Tianhui Medical Bamboo Slips and so on,combined with the relevant records in the handed down literature,the application of alcohol in the unearthed literatures was compared and summarized.[Results]Although there is no specific reason for the use of alcohol in the unearthed medical literature,a comprehensive analysis can be made from the related records in the contemporaneous literature.The analysis showed that in the pre-Qin,Qin and Han Dynasties,most of the alcohol was yellow wine,which was used in the way of alcohol mixing,alcohol decoction and impregnation,and was widely used in the treatment of various diseases.It is concluded that the alcohol has the effect of"changing the medicinal properties,direct to the disease""warming the channels and clearing the collaterals,removing blood stasis and relieving pain""correcting the odor,enhancing the drug effect"and so on.The application of alcohol in the later literature showed different characteristics in each period,but all developed on the basis of the application of alcohol in the Qin and Han Dynasties.[Conclusion]Alcohol has great potential in the clinical treatment of modern Chinese medicine,but the soaking and decocting time of alcohol for medicine,the effect of different temperatures is worth further study.

Factors influencing the severity of alcohol use disorder and the construction of risk prediction model / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundAlcohol use disorder （AUD） is a common chronic and relapsing psychiatric disorders. Identifying severe AUD early and intervening promptly is crucial to prevent irreversible harm. Currently， the assessment of AUD severity primarily relies on psychiatric examination by clinicians， and there is limited research on the factors influencing AUD severity and the development of prediction models. ObjectiveTo analyze the factors influencing AUD severity， and construct a risk prediction model to aid in the assessment of disease progression in AUD patients. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted on 1 358 first-time hospitalized patients admitted to Nanning Fifth People's Hospital from January 1， 2017 to December 31， 2022. These patients met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） criteria for AUD. Basic patient data was collected， and the patients were divided into two groups based on disease severity： mild-moderate group （n=330） and severe group （n=1 028）. The patients were randomly divided into training and test sets in a 7∶3 ratio. A Logistic regression model was constructed in the training set， and the predictive ability of the model for disease severity was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve in the test set. ResultsCompared with the mild-moderate group， the severe group had a higher proportion of patients living in urban areas （χ2=7.804）， were farmers （χ2=17.991）， had a higher frequency of alcohol consumption （more than 1 to 2 drinks/day） （χ2=35.267）， had a higher age at first drinking （t=-3.858）， had a greater number of comorbid somatic disorders （Z=-22.782）， and had higher proportions of γ-Glutamyl transpeptidase （χ2=259.940） and total bilirubin abnormalities （χ2=148.552） （P<0.01）. Logistic analysis conducted in the training set showed that being a farmer （OR=2.024， 95% CI： 1.352~3.029）， having an older age at first drinking （OR=1.075， 95% CI： 1.025~1.129）， drinking outside of mealtimes （OR=3.988， 95% CI： 2.408~6.606）， having total bilirubin abnormalities （OR=1.034， 95% CI： 1.000~1.069）， and having more comorbid somatic diseases （OR=4.386， 95% CI： 2.636~7.298） were identified as risk factors for disease severity in AUD patients. The area under curve （AUC） for this model in the test set was 0.906. ConclusionIn psychiatric hospitals， being a farmer， having an older age at first drinking， drinking outside of mealtimes， having abnormal total bilirubin levels， and having comorbidities with somatic illnesses may be risk factors for severe AUD.

Preparation and characterization of curcumin nanomicelles and evaluation of in vitro hepatoprotective activity against alcohol liver disease / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To prepare and characterize curcumin nanomicelles （hereinafter referred to as Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles）， and to evaluate the in vitro hepatoprotective activity against alcohol liver disease （ALD）. METHODS Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles were prepared with the dialysis method using methoxy-poly（ethylene glycol）-poly（β-benzyl-L-aspartate） （mPEG-PLGA） as the carrier. The appearance and microscopic morphology of Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles were observed， and particle size， polydispersity index， Zeta potential， encapsulation efficiency and drug loading content were all detected. The in vitro release， pH stability， thermal stability， dilution stability， storage stability， plasma stability tests， and hemolysis experiments were all performed. The cell model of ALD was established with anhydrous ethanol intervention using human liver cancer cells and normal liver cells as objects， Cur reference solution as reference， to evaluate in vitro preventive and ameliorative effects of Cur/mPEG- PBLA micelles on ALD. RESULTS The prepared Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles exhibited a pale-yellow milky light， with a spherical shape and uniform distribution. The average particle size was about 140 nm， and the polydispersity index was less than 0.3. Zeta potential was （－8.15±0.05） mV； the encapsulation efficiency was （73.26±3.16）%， and the drug loading content was （4.87± 0.42）%. The cumulative release of Cur reference substance was close to 80% at 10 h； the cumulative release of Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles at 8 h was 28.94% and only 48.25% at 48 h. pH stability and thermal stability of Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles were better than those of Cur reference solution； Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles showed good dilution stability， storage stability and plasma stability， and would not cause hemolysis. Cur reference solution and Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles had varying degrees of in vitro preventive and ameliorative effects on ALD in two types of cells； after 48 h of application， the above effects of Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles were significantly better than those of Cur reference solution at the same mass concentration （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Cur/mPEG-PBLA micelles can improve pH stability and thermal stability of Cur， delayits degradation rate， and have better in vitro hepatoprotective activity against ALD.

Expression profile analysis of long non-coding RNAs in hippocampus of alcohol-dependent mice induced by double-bottle selective drinking / 中国生物制品学杂志

@#Objective To analyze the expression profiles of long non-coding RNAs(lncRNA)in hippocampus of alcoholdependent mice induced by double-bottle selective drinking.Methods The alcohol-dependent mouse model was established by double-bottle selective drinking method,and the control group was set up(drinking water). Three male mice with alcohol preference more than 60% and alcohol consumption more than 10 g/(kg·24 h)in alcohol group and random three male mice in control group were selected,of which bilateral hippocampal brain tissues were isolated and stored in liquid nitrogen. LncRNA and mRNA of mouse hippocampal brain tissue RNA samples were sequenced by using Agilent-084388 microarray,and the differential expression of lncRNA in samples was detected by using ncRNA microarray. The biological processes and signaling pathways involved in differential expression of lncRNA were clustered and enriched by Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)analysis. Pearson correlation analysis was used to predict the coding genes co-expressed by each differentially expressed lncRNA. Hypergeometric distribution test was used to calculate the significance of differential gene enrichment in each corresponding transcription factor item,and Cytoscape software was used to draw a visual network diagram.Results Compared with the control group,totally 855 lncRNAs(FC ≥ 2. 0,P < 0. 05)were differentially expressed in the hippocampus of mice in alcohol group,of which 337 lncRNAs were up-regulated significantly,with NONMMUT025786.2 and NONMMUT072246.2 being the most up-regulated,and 518 significant downward adjustments were observed,with the largest downward adjustments being NONMMUT113098.1 and NONMMUT076455.1. There were 361 mRNAs differentially expressed in the two groups(FC ≥ 2. 0,P < 0. 05)with 271 mRNAs up-regulated significantly and 90 significant downward adjustments,among which,the most obvious up-regulated were Upf3b and Zfp943,and Adamts 13 and Ift 27 showed the largest downward adjustments. The differential expression of lncRNAs was most obvious in the positive regulation of cell surface,GTPase activity and cell vesicle transport;The main signaling pathways involved were propanoate metabolism,taurine metabolism,extracellular matrix receptor interaction and AMPK signaling pathway. The most abundant transcription factors were FOXL1 and LHX3,with 25 and 21 corresponding co-expressed genes,respectively.Conclusion Through high-throughput gene expression profile microarray analysis,the possible key regulatory sites of lncRNAs and mRNAs were obtained,which provided experimental basis for research of the molecular mechanism of alcohol dependence in the hippocampus.

Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by stabilizing redox homeostasis

@#Objective: To evaluate the protective effect of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Methods: RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with ethanol (100 mM) and benzydamine hydrochloride (7.5 μM). The imflammatory status was confirmed by measuring pro- (TNF-α and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines through ELISA and RT-PCR assays. Reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondrial membrane potential were investigated to study the protective role of benzydamine hydrochloride against ethanol-induced oxidative stress. Apoptosis detection was also investigated using flow cytometry and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining. Results: Benzydamine hydrochloride significantly decreased the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6, as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species inside the cells, thereby stabilizing the mitochondrial membrane potential and reducing DNA fragmentation. The ethanol-induced cellular necrosis was also reversed by the administration of benzydamine hydrochloride. Conclusions: Benzydamine hydrochloride ameliorates ethanol-induced cell apoptosis and inflammation in RAW macrophages.

Associations of alcohol, coffee, green tea and dairy products with prostate cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 A two-sample Mendelian randomization method was used to explore whether there is a causal relationship between the intake of alcohol, coffee, green tea and dairy products and the incidence of prostate cancer (PCa), in order to clarify the risk factors for the incidence of PCa and find a prevention pathway for PCa. 【Methods】 Data of alcohol, coffee, green tea, dairy products and prostate cancer were collected with genome-wide association study (GWAS).The causal relationship between their intake and the risk of PCa was analyzed with two-sample Mendelian randomization (2SMR).MR analysis was conducted with inverse-variance weighting (IVW).Sensitivity analysis was performed with weighted median, MR-Egger regression, Mendelian randomization pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) tests. 【Results】 Coffee intake (OR: 0.994, 95%CI: 0.990-0.999, P=0.014) and green tea intake (OR: 0.999, 95%CI: 0.998-0.999, P=0.036) were negatively correlated with the risk of PCa.Alcohol intake (OR: 0.997, 95%CI: 0.990-1.004, P=0.392) and dairy intake (OR: 1.025, 95%CI: 0.983-1.069, P=0.256) were not associated with the risk of PCa.In weighted median, MR-Egger regression, and retention one method analyses, the results were robust without heterogeneity or pleiotropy. 【Conclusion】 There was a causal association between coffee intake and green tea intake and the onset of PCa, but no causal association between alcohol intake and dairy intake and PCa onset.

Expression of alcohol dehydrogenase 1A and vascular endothelial growth factor-A in hepatocellular carcinoma / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the expression , synergistic relationship and clinical significance of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH1A) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) . @*Methods @#The expression and correlation of ADH1A and VEGFA in HCC and adjacent normal tissues were ana lyzed by GEPIA . TCGA and GSEA were used to analyze the pathway of ADH1A in HCC . The clinical and patho logical data of 84 patients with HCC were collected , and 54 patients with paracancer normal tissue samples were se lected as controls to analyze the correlation between ADH1A and VEGFA and clinicopathological parameters of HCC . Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of ADH1A and VEGFA in cases and con trols , and the correlation between the expression of ADH1A and VEGFA and the clinical progression and prognosis of patients with HCC was analyzed based on clinical pathological parameters and Kaplan Meier.@*Results @#Bioinfor matics analysis found that ADH1A was low expressed in HCC and VEGFA was highly expressed in HCC , and there was a negative correlation between the two ( P < 0.001) ; immunohistochemical detection results showed that the expression of ADH1A in HCC tissue was lower than that in normal tissue adjacent to cancer (P < 0.01) while the expression rate of VEGFA in HCC tissue was significantly higher than that of normal tissue adjacent to cancer (P < 0.01) ; The recurrence rate of vascular thrombus and HCC patients in HCC group with high expression of ADH1A was lower (P < 0.05) . The proportion of tumor diameter > 5 cm , high TNM stage , microsatellite and G2 G3 dif ferentiation in HCC tissues in VEGFA high expression group was higher (P < 0.05) . Kaplan Meier survival analy sis showed that patients with high ADH1A expression and low VEGFA expression had a higher five year survival rate .@*Conclusion @#Low expression of ADH1A and high expression of VEGFA in tumor tissues of patients with HCC indicate tumor progression and can be used as one of the prognostic evaluation indicators for patients with HCC .

Alcohol and illicit drugs:prevalence of alcohol and illicit drug use and their predictors in young people from Argentina,Bulgaria,Chile and Romania / 《全球健康杂志（英文）》

Background:Alcohol and illicit drugs(AID)continue to be a major global health concern.Although preventable,AID is linked to millions of deaths annually worldwide.The situation is particularly grave for young people,with AID being a major direct risk factor for disability-adjusted youth life-years lost and death.It further contributes to assaults,road crashes,accidental poisoning,and suicide,leading to long-term issues and public health concerns. Objective:This study aimed at disclosing current AID prevalence data for Argentinian,Bulgarian,Chilean and Romanian youth.It shed light on the predictors of AID in young people from those countries. Method:The study used an online survey to gather data from people aged 18 to 25(n=1,297).The survey was underpinned by the theory of planned behaviour(TPB).Predictors were investigated separately for drinking alcohol and using illicit drugs. Results:Our data revealed that across the four target countries,49％to 90％of the participants drank alcohol,and 8％to 35％used illicit drugs in the past three months.Between 20％and 91％of them intended to drink,and between 8％and 31％intended to use illicit drugs in the following three months.Our TPB model predicted statistically significant(P＜0.001)amounts of variance in drinking alcohol(between 61％and 72％)and using il-licit drugs(between 20.3％and 74.4％).Intention was consistent in significantly predicting both behaviours.Evidence around the predictive validity of self-efficacy,age and gender was mixed across the investigated countries. Conclusion:This research provided an update on the scarce AID epidemiological data.It also supplied evidence about what theoretically-informed measures might be useful targets of interventions in the case of Argentina,Bulgaria,Chile and Romania.This new knowledge of understanding substance abuse determinants and prevalence may help researchers and practitioners better meet young people's health prevention needs.

Individual alcohol consumption by the population of Russia versus regional living conditions / 《全球健康杂志（英文）》

Background:There are substantial regional differences in drinking alcohol in Russia,both at the population and individual levels.However,the causes of these differences have not been studied yet. Objective:The goal of our study was to examine the effect of regional living conditions on individual alcohol consumption by the population of Russia. Methods:For the analysis,we used data from a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted in 2013-2014.The final analytical sample included 18,130 people aged 25-64 years.We conducted the interviews face to face,based on which any drinking in the last year,as well as alcohol abuse,were considered as a response.Alcohol abuse was recorded when the respondent consumed 5.75 or more grams of pure ethanol per day(75th percentile of average daily alcohol consumption among alcohol drinkers).The assessment of the regional living conditions was accomplished via integral indexing,which was previously performed based on publicly available data for 2010-2014.Associations were assessed using generalized scoring equations with unchanging standard errors.The associations were expressed by odds ratios(OR)and 95％confidence intervals(CI). Results:Deterioration of social conditions and increase in demographic depression in the region of residence increased the odds of any drinking(OR 1.51,95％CI:1.33 to 1.72,P＜0.001 and OR 1.22,95％CI:1.05 to 1.41,P=0.009,respectively).The odds of alcohol abuse increased with the deterioration of social living conditions and the growth of the industrial development in the region:OR 1.35,95％CI:1.14 to 1.59,P＜0.001 and OR 1.16,95％CI:1.05 to 1.28,P=0.002,respectively. Conclusion:Our analysis allowed assessing the impact of the regional living conditions on individual drinking alcohol in the population of Russia.

Risk factors associated with the presence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions in patients with early esophageal carcinoma / 安徽医科大学学报

Objective @#To investigate the risk factors associated with the presence of multiple Lugol-voiding lesions (LVLs ) in patients with early esophageal cancer and the correlation with alcohol dehy-drogenase 1B(ADH1B) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 ( ALDH2) polymorphisms .@*Methods @#Patients who underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection due to early esophageal cancer were divided into group with multiple LVLs and group without multiple LVLs based on their endoscopic features . Their clinical data and the genotype of ADH1B and ALDH2 were collect- ed and SPSS 27 . 0 was used to statistically analyze the above data.@*Results @#A total of 83 subjects were included in the study , 23 had multiple LVLs , most of them were seen in males , alcohol drinkers , and smokers with smoking index≥1 000 , and multivariate analysis showed that alcohol consumption was an independent risk factor for it (OR = 6. 215 , P = 0. 008) . The gene polymorphism of ADH1B and ALDH2 and their interactions did not have any sig- nificant correlation with multiple LVLs . However , among alcohol drinkers , there was a 12 -fold increased risk of multiple LVLs in patients carrying the ALDH2 A allele and drinking ≥50 g per day compared to those carrying the ALDH2 GG genotype and drinking < 50 g per day ( P = 0. 045) .@*Conclusion @#Alcohol consumption is an inde- pendent risk factor of multiple LVLs of the esophageal mucosa in patients with early esophageal cancer , and heavy alcohol consumption in carriers of the ALDH2 A allele will significantly increase the risk of multiple LVLs , and such patients should be closely followed up with endoscopy .

Effect of Garcinia binucao crude leaf extract supplementation on lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster chronically exposed to alcohol

Background@#Consumption and abuse of alcohol remains a significant cause of concern worldwide. Furthermore, there is evidence of the association between chronic alcohol use and reduced life expectancy. @*Objectives@#To study the effects of Garcinia binucao extract (GBE) supplementation on lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster, in the presence or absence of chronic alcohol exposure.@*Methods@#D. melanogaster was mass cultured and given GBE supplementation in high (1 mg/mL) and low (200 µg/mL) sublethal doses. D. melanogaster flies were divided into groups - with and without chronic alcohol exposure, and their respective lifespans were monitored. @*Results@#In D. melanogaster without alcohol exposure, mean lifespan was highest in the control flies (38.15 days), followed by high-dose GBE (34.42 days), low-dose GBE (33.24 days), and DMSO (22.29 days). In D. melanogaster chronically exposed to alcohol, the longest mean lifespan was observed in flies treated with high-dose GBE (33.80 days), followed by low-dose GBE (33.63 days), the DMSO group (30.30), and the control group (29.65 days), but the differences were not statistically significant. Comparing groups with and without chronic alcohol exposure, the mean lifespan of the control group chronically exposed to alcohol significantly decreased by 9.51 days (p < 0.05). In GBE treatment groups, mean lifespan significantly decreased by 0.82 days in high-dose set-up (p < 0.05), and significantly increased by 0.39 days in the low-dose set-up (p < 0.05) upon chronic alcohol exposure. @*Conclusion@#Garcinia binucao extract supplementation ameliorated the observed reduction in lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster chronically exposed to alcohol.