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Introdução: O período de internação os pacientes passam por um longo período de imobilização no leito, acompanhada de complicações e comorbidades que podem ocorrer no período pós-operatório. A fisioterapia aturará prevenindo os efeitos da imobilidade no leito, além de melhorar a independência funcional do paciente. Objetivo: Diante o exposto, o objetivo desse estudo é analisar as repercussões clínicas e funcionais da reabilitação precoce em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia torácica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa. Critérios de inclusão: ensaios clínicos randomizados, artigos completos, dos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol, publicados entre 2012 e 2022. Critérios de exclusão: protocolos de ensaios, ensaios não finalizados, estudos inferiores ao ano de 2012 e outras línguas. Descritores: Cirurgia torácica; Deambulação precoce; Modalidades de Fisioterapia. Com seus respectivos termos na língua inglesa. Resultados: Foram encontrados 51 artigos. Com os critérios estabelecidos foram selecionados 06 artigos. Os estudos dos autores avaliados se mostraram benéficos para a terapia de deambulação precoce combinada e exercícios. Conclusões: Os achados resultam na minimização das alterações de fluxo e volume pulmonar, otimização da mecânica do movimento tóraco-abdominal e aumento da amplitude do movimento dos músculos respiratórios, facilitando a reexpansão pulmonar e melhorando osparâmetros de função pulmonar (AU)>
Introduction: During hospitalization, patients go through a long period of immobilization in bed, accompanied by complications and comorbidities that may occur in the postoperative period. Physical therapy will help prevent the effects of immobility in bed, in addition to improving the patient's functional independence. Objective:Given the above, the objective of this study is to analyze the clinical and functional repercussions of early rehabilitation in patients undergoing thoracic surgery. Methodology:It is a systematic review. Inclusion criteria: randomized clinical trials, complete articles, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published between 2012 and 2022. Exclusion criteria: trial protocols, unfinished trials, studies smaller than 2012 in other languages. Descriptors: Thoracic surgery; Early ambulation; Physiotherapy modalities. Results:51 articles were found. With the established criteria, 06 articles were selected. The evaluated authors' studies have shown benefit for combined early ambulation therapy and exercise. Conclusions:The findings result in the minimization of changes in lung flow and volume, optimization of the mechanics of thoracoabdominal movement and increased range of motion of the respiratory muscles, facilitating lung re-expansion and improving lung function parameters (AU).
Introducción: A lo largo de la hospitalización, los pacientes pasan por un largo período de inmovilización en cama, acompañado de complicacionesy comorbilidades que pueden presentarse en el postoperatorio. La fisioterapia ayudará a prevenir los efectos de la inmovilidad en cama, además de mejorar la independencia funcional del paciente. Objetivo:Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el objetivo de este estudio es analizar las repercusiones clínicas y funcionales de la rehabilitación temprana en pacientes sometidos a cirugía torácica.Metodología: Esta es una revisión sistemática. Criterios de inclusión: ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, artículos completos, en portugués, inglés y español, publicados entre 2012 y 2022. Criterios de exclusión: protocolos de ensayos, ensayos inconclusos, estudios menores a 2012 y otros idiomas. Descriptores: Cirugía torácica; Deambulación temprana; Modalidades de fisioterapia. Con sus respectivos términosen inglés.Resultados: Se encontraron 51 artículos. Fueron seleccionados 06 artículos, con los criterios establecidos. Los estudios de los autores evaluados han demostrado beneficios para la combinación de terapia de deambulación temprana y ejercicio.Conclusiones: Los hallazgos resultan en la minimización de alteraciones en el flujo y volumen pulmonar, optimización de la mecánica del movimiento toracoabdominal y aumento en el rango de movimiento de los músculos respiratorios, facilitando la reexpansión pulmonar y mejorando los parámetrosde la función pulmonar (AU).
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Humanos , Cirurgia Torácica , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Deambulação Precoce , Mudança SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND:In the selection of minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty approaches,there is considerable debate about whether direct anterior and posterior approaches differ in postoperative gait,limb balance,and hip motor capacity,and therefore further investigation is warranted. OBJECTIVE:To assess the gait and hip ambulation ability of direct anterior and posterior approaches for primary unilateral total hip arthroplasty with a prospective randomized controlled study. METHODS:A total of 61 patients with unilateral avascular necrosis of the femoral head in Qingdao Municipal Hospital from January 2019 to June 2020 were included in the study.There were 40 males and 21 females,at a mean age of(64.83±5.52)years.All the patients were randomly divided into a direct anterior approach group(n=28)and a posterior approach group(n=33),and received initial total hip arthroplasty by direct anterior approach and posterior approach,respectively.Gait analysis(gait time-space parameters such as stride length,stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference)and hip ambulation ability(standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test)were performed before and 1,3 and 6 months after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)With the extension of postoperative time,gait time-space parameters in both groups were gradually improved.The stride length,stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group were significantly better than those in the posterior approach group 1 month after surgery(P<0.01).The stride frequency,single-leg support time,and plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group were significantly better than those in the posterior approach group 3 months after surgery(P<0.05).The plantar pressure difference in the direct anterior approach group was significantly better than that in the posterior approach group 6 months after surgery(P<0.01).(2)With the extension of postoperative time,the results of the standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test were gradually improved in both groups.The results of the standing-walking timing test and 2-minute walking test 1 and 3 months after operation in the direct anterior approach group were better than those in the posterior approach group(P<0.05).(3)The results have indicated that the recovery of postoperative gait and hip ambulation ability of the two groups is inconsistent.The direct anterior approach group has some advantages in the improvement of postoperative gait and hip ambulation ability compared with the posterior approach group in the early postoperative period.
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The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of early ambulation on maternal outcome among post caesarean mothers. The objectives of the study was to assess the effect of early ambulation on maternal outcome among post caesarean mothers and to ?nd out the association between the maternal outcome among post caesarean mothers with selected demographic variables. This study was based on Roy's adaptation theory. The research design adopted for the study was post-test only control group design. 60 post caesarean mothers who ful?lled the inclusion criteria were selected for the study, out of which 30 post caesarean mothers were in experimental group and 30 post caesarean mothers were in control group. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the samples. The tool used to assess the effect of early ambulation was post caesarean bio physiological health parameters chart. The study was conducted in General Hospital, Neyyattinkara. The effectiveness of early ambulation was assessed by comparing the maternal outcome of post caesarean mothers in experimental group and control group. The result shows that there was a signi?cant difference in the maternal outcome among post caesarean mothers in the experimental group after performing early ambulation and there was an association between the maternal outcome among post caesarean mothers with selected demographic variables except in case of period of gestation.
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Objective:To understand the current situation of early mobilization in elder patients with acute ischemic stroke, and to analyze the influencing factors of early mobilization in patients with different degrees of neurological deficits, aiming to provide evidence for promoting early mobilization in patients with stroke and for formulating intervention strategies.Methods:Patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the stroke centers of two class A tertiary hospitals in Hunan Province between January and December 2021 were enrolled.The degree of neurological impairment, activities of daily living and muscle strength were evaluated within 24 hours after admission, and patients' performance of early mobilization was recorded.Based on whether patients performed out-of-bed activities such as sitting at the bedside, standing or walking, transferring from bed to chair within 48 hours after admission, they were divided into an early ambulation group and a non-early ambulation group.Univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis were then used to examine the influencing factors of early ambulation in patients with mild to moderate neurological deficits.Results:Among 257 patients with acute ischemic stroke, 60.7%(156 cases)conducted early mobilization.The rate of early mobilization for patients with moderate neurological deficits was only 12.9%(12/193), significantly lower than that for patients with mild neurological deficits(87.8%, 144/164)( χ2=139.571, P<0.001).Univariate analysis showed that there were significantly differences in the level of activities of daily living, stroke history, strength of the upper and lower limbs of the affected side between the early and non-early ambulation groups with moderate neurological impairment(all P<0.05), and there were significant differences in the level of activities of daily living between the early ambulation group and the non-early ambulation group in patients with mild neurological impairment( χ2=11.907, P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that requiring assistance in daily life( OR=4.189, 95% CI: 1.724-10.668, P=0.002), muscle strength of the affected lower extremity ≤ grade 3( OR=9.605, 95% CI: 2.627-35.113, P=0.001)and moderate neurological deficits( OR=8.585, 95% CI: 3.216-22.913, P<0.001)were the risk factors of early mobilization in stroke patients. Conclusions:The rate of stroke patients with moderate neurological impairment performing early mobilization is low within 48 hours after admission.Activities of daily living ability, limb muscle strength and degrees of neurological deficits are influencing factors of early mobilization in stroke patients.
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INTRODUCTION@#Postoperative day 1 (POD 1) mobilisation is a key clinical indicator for the fragility hip fracture surgery population. This study aimed to evaluate the current trends of POD 1 mobilisation at our institution and to review the relationships between early mobilisation and outcomes of early functional recovery, length of stay (LOS) and discharge destination.@*METHODS@#In this preliminary observational study, data pertaining to demographics, premorbid function, health status, injury and surgical factors, POD 1 mobilisation status and clinical outcomes of interest were retrieved from eligible patients. Patients who attained POD 1 ambulation formed the early ambulation (EA) group, while the remaining patients formed the delayed ambulation (DA) group. Data were analysed for any significant difference between the groups.@*RESULTS@#One hundred and fifteen patients were included in the analysis. The rate of patients achieving at least sitting out of bed on POD 1 was 80.0% (n=92), which was comparable to the data available from international hip fracture audit databases. There were 55 (47.8%) patients in the EA group and 60 (52.5%) patients in the DA group. The EA group was approximately nine times more likely to achieve independence in ambulation at discharge compared to the DA group (adjusted odds ratio 9.20, 95% confidence interval 1.50-56.45; P = 0.016). There were observed trends of shorter LOS and more proportion of home discharge in the EA group compared to the DA group (P > 0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#This is the first local study to offer benchmark of the POD 1 mobilisation status for this population. Patients who attained POD 1 ambulation had better early functional recovery.
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Humanos , Deambulação Precoce , Alta do Paciente , Centros de Atenção Terciária , Fraturas do Quadril/cirurgia , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Tempo de InternaçãoRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze and determine the effect of a combination intervention of early ambulation and dhikr therapy on intestinal peristaltic recovery in post-open cholecystectomy patients. Methods: a pre-experimental design with one group pre and post-test design was used. The samples were 15 post-open cholecystectomy patients which were selected using the purposive sampling technique. The data were collected using the instrument observation sheet and analyzed using the Wilcoxon test. Early ambulation used standard operational procedure in the hospital and dhikr therapy was carried out at 2 hours post-operation for 10-15 minutes. Results: there was an effect of early ambulation and dhikr therapy on intestinal peristaltic recovery in post-open cholecystectomy patients with general anesthesia (Z=-3.442; p=0.001). Conclusions: a combination of early ambulation and dhikr therapy can be recommended as interventions to improve intestinal peristaltic in a post-open cholecystectomy patient with general anesthesia.
RESUMO Objetivos: analisar e determinar o efeito de uma intervenção que combinou deambulação precoce e terapia dhikr na recuperação peristáltica intestinal de pacientes que foram sujeitos a colecistectomia aberta. Métodos: um delineamento pré-experimental foi utilizado com um grupo pré e pós-teste. As amostras incluíram 15 pacientes sujeitados a colecistectomia aberta e selecionados por amostragem intencional. Os dados foram coletados por fichas de observação do instrumento e analisados pelo teste de Wilcoxon. A deambulação precoce utilizou o procedimento operacional padrão no hospital e a terapia dhikr foi realizada por 10-15 minutos, duas horas após a operação. Resultados: a deambulação precoce associada a terapia dhikr afetou a recuperação peristáltica intestinal de pacientes que foram sujeitos a colecistectomia aberta com anestesia geral (Z=-3,442; p=0,001). Conclusões: a combinação de deambulação precoce e terapia dhikr pode ser recomendada como uma intervenção para melhorar o movimento peristáltico intestinal de pacientes após colecistectomia aberta com anestesia geral.
RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar y determinar el efecto de una intervención que combinó la deambulación temprana y la terapia dhikr sobre la recuperación peristáltica intestinal de pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía abierta. Métodos: se utilizó un diseño preexperimental con un grupo pretest y postest. Las muestras incluyeron 15 pacientes sometidos a colecistectomía abierta y seleccionados mediante muestreo intencional. Los datos se recopilaron por medio de fichas de observación del instrumento y se analizaron mediante la prueba de Wilcoxon. La deambulación temprana utilizó el procedimiento operativo estándar en el hospital y la terapia dhikr se realizó durante 10 a 15 minutos, dos horas después de la operación. Resultados: la deambulación temprana asociada con la terapia dhikr afectó la recuperación peristáltica intestinal de los pacientes que se sometieron a colecistectomía abierta con anestesia general (Z =-3,442; p=0,001). Conclusiones: la combinación de la deambulación temprana con la terapia dhikr puede recomendarse como una intervención para mejorar el movimiento peristáltico intestinal de los pacientes después de una colecistectomía abierta con anestesia general.
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Introdução: A fisioterapia na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) apresenta como objetivo utilizar estratégias de mobilização precoce a fim de reduzir o impacto da fraqueza muscular adquirida na UTI. Logo, este estudo apresenta como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de um plano de metas fisioterapêuticas para pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo e prospectivo comparativo realizado em uma UTI de um hospital público de Porto Alegre. Foram incluídos pacientes internados entre os meses de janeiro e junho de 2019, maiores de 18 anos e que tiveram alta da UTI. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de informações e relatório que constam no prontuário eletrônico utilizado na Instituição. Foi analisado o desfecho das metas estabelecidas na admissão para sentar fora do leito e deambular.Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo masculino (57,5%). A média de idade foi de 60,52 ± 17,64 anos. A maioria das metas estabelecidas, tanto para sentar fora do leito como para deambular, foram atingidas (89% e 86,9%, respectivamente). Houve correlação significativa entre o alcance de meta para deambulação e ganho de força muscular pelo escore MRC (p = 0,041) e ganho de força muscular quando comparada admissão e alta da UTI (p = 0,004).Conclusão: Este estudo observou que estabelecer metas para sentar fora do leito e deambular para pacientes internados em UTI é efetivo.
Introduction: Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) aims to use early mobilization strategies in order to reduce the impact of muscle acquired weakness in the ICU. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physiotherapeutic goal plan for patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Retrospective and comparative prospective cohort study carried out in an ICU of a public hospital in Porto Alegre. Patients hospitalized between January and June 2019, over 18 years old and discharged from the ICU were included. Data collection was carried out through information and report contained in the electronic medical record used in the Institution. The outcome of goals established at admission for sitting out of bed and walking was analyzed. Results: Most patients were male (57.5%). The mean age was 63.2 ± 16.2 years. Most established goals, both for sitting out of bed and walking, were achieved (89% and 86.9%, respectively). There was a significant correlation between reaching the ambulation goal and muscle strength gain by the MRC score (p= 0.041) and muscle strength gain when comparing admission and discharge from the ICU (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study observed that establishing goals for sitting out of bed and walking for ICU patients is effective.
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Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Deambulação Precoce/estatística & dados numéricos , Força Muscular , Terapia Precoce Guiada por Metas/organização & administração , Pessoas Acamadas , Serviço Hospitalar de Fisioterapia/organização & administração , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
Introdução:No Brasil, a população considerada idosa representa a faixa etária que mais utiliza os serviçoshospitalares.Mesmo sendo um importante recurso, a admissão hospitalar frequente ou por um tempo prolongado, pode gerar comprometimentos funcionais a este público.A prática da reabilitação precoce contribui para minimizar e prevenir estesimpactos deletérios do imobilismo, favorecer a capacidade funcional, diminuindo o tempo de hospitalização, além de promover qualidade de vida. Objetivo:Observar a relevância da mobilização precoce em idosos, bem como os prejuízos acarretados pelo imobilismo durante internação hospitalar.Metodologia:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa com busca online nas bases de dados PEDro, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO, os descritores foram: mobilização precoce, imobilismoeidosos, com seus respectivos em língua inglesa, foram selecionados artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 a 2020, em língua portuguesa e estrangeira.Resultados:Foram selecionados cinco artigos para a discussão, sendo utilizado a deambulação precoce de precisão como limiar de segurança para reabilitação cardíaca; avaliou-se a influência da reabilitação precoce e terapia de reabilitação em pacientes com mais de 72 horas de ventilação mecânica prolongada; observou-se a intensificação da fisioterapia pós-operatória, com exercícios de respiração profunda e mobilização precoce; observou-se que a reabilitação domiciliar interdisciplinar geriátrica em idosos com fratura de quadril poderia melhorar a capacidade de locomoção e reduzir tempo de internação pós-operatória. Os achados discutidos entre os autores, apontam com unanimidade a aprovação da deambulação e mobilização precoce.Conclusões:A mobilização precoce mostrou-se eficaz tanto nos pacientes em atendimento hospitalar como no ambiente domiciliar, reduzindo significativamente os prejuízos ocasionados pelo imobilismo (AU).
Introduction:In Brazil, the population considered elderly represents the age group that most uses hospital services. Even though an important resource, frequent hospital admission orfor a prolonged period of time can generate functional impairments for this public. The practice of early rehabilitation helps to minimize and prevent the deleterious impacts of immobility, favoring functional capacity, decreasing the length of hospital stay and promoting quality of life. Objective:The study aims to observe the relevance of early mobilization in the elderly, as well as the damage caused by immobility during hospitalization. Methodology:This is an integrative review with an online search in the PEDro, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO databases. The descriptors were: early mobilization, immobility in the elderly and their respective in English. Articles published between the years 2016 to 2020, in Portuguese and foreign languages, were used. Results:Five articles were selected for discussion, using Precision Early Ambulation as a safety threshold for cardiac rehabilitation; the influence of early rehabilitation and rehabilitation therapyin patients with more than 72 hours of prolonged mechanical ventilation was evaluated; it was observed the intensification of postoperative physical therapy, with deep breathing exercises and early mobilization; geriatric interdisciplinary home rehabilitation in elderly patients with hip fractures was evaluated to improve mobility and reduce postoperative hospital stay. Discussions among the authors unanimously point to the approval of ambulation and early mobilization.Conclusions:Early mobilization proved to be effective both in patients in hospital care and in the home environment, significantly reducing the damage caused by immobility (AU).
Introducción:En Brasil, la población considerada anciana representa el grupo de edad que más utiliza los servicios hospitalarios. A pesar de que es un recurso importante, la hospitalización frecuente o por un período prolongado de tiempo puede generar deficiencias funcionales para este público. La práctica de la rehabilitación temprana ayuda a minimizar y prevenir los impactos deletéreos de la inmovilidad, favoreciendo la capacidad funcional, reduciendo el tiempo de hospitalización, además de promover la calidad de vida. Objetivo: El estudio tiene como objetivo observar la relevancia de la movilización temprana en ancianos, así como los daños causados por la inmovilización durante la hospitalización. Metodología: Esta es una revisión integradora con una búsqueda en línea de las bases de datos PEDro, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS y SciELO, los descriptores fueron: movilización temprana, inmovilidad y ancianos en el idioma inglés, se seleccionaron artículos publicados entre los años de 2016 a 2020, en portugués y lenguas extranjeras. Resultados: Se seleccionaron cinco artículos para discusión, utilizando deambulación temprana de precisión como umbral de seguridad para la rehabilitación cardiaca; se evaluó la influencia de la rehabilitación temprana y la terapia de rehabilitaciónen pacientes con más de 72 horas de ventilación mecánica prolongada; hubo una intensificación de la fisioterapia posoperatoria, con ejercicios de respiración profunda y movilización precoz; Se evaluó la rehabilitación domiciliaria interdisciplinaria geriátrica en pacientes ancianos con fractura de caderapara mejorar la movilidad y reducir la estancia hospitalaria postoperatoria. Los hallazgos discutidos entre los autores apuntan unánimemente a la aprobación de la deambulación y la movilización precoz. Conclusiones: La movilización temprana demostró ser efectiva tanto en pacientes en atención hospitalaria como en el ámbito domiciliario, reduciendo significativamente el daño ocasionado por la inmovilización (AU).
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Idoso , Deambulação Precoce , Assistência Hospitalar , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
Introducción: La cefalea pospunción dural es la complicación más habitual tras la anestesia neuroaxial, y es especialmente frecuente en obstetricia, un hallazgo común en el período posparto. Suele ser una complicación benigna y autolimitada, pero sin tratamiento puede conducir a otras complicaciones más graves. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural en las pacientes obstétricas programadas para cesárea electiva con anestesia espinal y su relación con la deambulación precoz. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en una serie de casos (50), todas las pacientes propuestas para cesárea electiva bajo el método anestésico espinal subaracnoideo con trocar calibre 25 en el período comprendido entre mayo a diciembre del 2018. Resultados: De un total de 50 pacientes estudiadas con edades entre 18 y 35 años de edad, al 96 por ciento se le realizó punción única de la duramadre, en todas se utilizó trócar 25, atraumático y ninguna presentó cefalea pospunción dural. Conclusiones: Se concluye que la incidencia de cefalea pospunción dural puede disminuir cuando se utilizan agujas espinales atraumáticas, de pequeño calibre; lo cual facilita también la deambulación temprana de la paciente(AU)
Introduction: Postdural puncture headache is the most common complication following neuraxial anesthesia, and is especially common in obstetrics, a common finding in the postpartum period. It is usually a benign and self-limited complication, but if not treated, it can lead to further serious complications. Objective: To describe the incidence of postdural puncture headache in obstetric patients scheduled for elective cesarean section with spinal anesthesia and its relationship with early ambulation. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out in a case series (50) of patients proposed for elective cesarean section under the subarachnoid spinal anesthesia method with 25-gauge trocar in the period from May to December 2018. Results: Out of a total of 50 patients aged 18-35 years who participated in the study, 96 percent underwent single dura mater puncture. In all cases, a 25-gauge trocar was used and none presented postdural puncture headache. Conclusions: The incidence of postdural puncture headache may be concluded to decrease when atraumatic spinal needles of small caliber are used, which also facilitates early ambulation of the patient(AU)
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Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cesárea/métodos , Deambulação Precoce/métodos , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/complicações , Cefaleia Pós-Punção Dural/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar a prática clínica e identificar as barreiras relacionadas à mobilização precoce em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo observacional analítico e prospectivo que incluiu pacientes em ventilação mecânica por mais de 24 horas. Foram coletados diariamente dados clínicos, critérios de segurança, barreiras e atividades realizadas nos atendimentos de fisioterapia. Posteriormente a amostra foi dividida de acordo com a realização de sedestação à beira do leito. Utilizou-se teste T para comparação entre grupos e para associação teste Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fischer quando necessário. Resultados: participaram 54 indivíduos com média de idade 51,33±14,85 anos e SAPSIII médio de 63,47±13,37 pontos. A mobilização foi realizada em 1356 sessões, em sua maioria atividades passivas. Nenhuma atividade fora do leito foi realizada com pacientes em ventilação mecânica. As principais barreiras foram sedação, nível de consciência e procedimentos médicos. A não sedestação à beira do leito foi associada à ausência de critérios de segurança, que impediram a mobilização, e ocorrência de óbito. Conclusão: A mobilização foi realizada na maioria das sessões, porém poucas atividades foram realizadas fora do leito. Durante o período de ventilação mecânica nenhuma atividade foi realizada fora do leito. As barreiras mais citadas foram sedação, nível de consciência e procedimentos médicos.
Purpose: characterize the clinical practice and identify barriers related to early mobilization in an Intensive Care Unit. Method: analytical and prospective observational study that included patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours. Clinical data, safety criteria, barriers and activities performed in physical therapy consultations were collected on a daily basis. Subsequently, the sample was divided according to the performance of the patient sitting at the bedside. The T-test was used for comparison between groups and the Chi-square test or Fisher's exact test were used when necessary. Results: a total of 54 individuals participated, with a mean age of 51.33±14.85 years and mean SAPSIII of 63.47±13.37 points. Mobilization was performed in 1356 sessions, mostly passive activities. No out-of-bed activities were performed with patients on mechanical ventilation. The main barriers were sedation, level of consciousness, and medical procedures. Failure to sit at the bedside was associated with the absence of safety criteria, which prevented mobilization, and the occurrence of death. Conclusion: Mobilization was performed in most sessions, but few activities were performed outside the bed. During the period of mechanical ventilation, no activity was performed outside the bed. The barriers most frequently mentioned were sedation, level of consciousness, and medical procedures.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Deambulação Precoce , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Respiração Artificial , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Estado de Consciência , Morte , Limitação da Mobilidade , Sedação Profunda , Fisioterapeutas , MétodosRESUMO
O tratamento trombolítico promove reperfusão cerebral após acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) isquêmico, e é considerado o tratamento mais eficaz na fase aguda, estando associado a melhores desfechos clínicos e funcionais. Entre as principais sequelas após AVC estão a hemiparesia e o déficit de equilíbrio, que repercutem diretamente na locomoção do indivíduo. Objetivo: Investigar quais fatores estão associados com a recuperação da marcha na fase aguda do AVC trombolisado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, com 32 indivíduos na fase aguda do AVC trombolisado. Os indivíduos foram avaliados nas primeiras horas após terem sido submetidos à terapia trombolítica, e após 7 dias ou no momento da alta da unidade de internamento. Resultados: O desfecho principal foi a presença ou não de marcha independente até o sétimo dia de internamento ou até a alta da unidade. A variável resposta foi o número de dias necessário para recuperar a marcha, sendo analisada em 3 categorias: "1 dia", "2 dias" e "3 ou mais dias". Dos 32 indivíduos da amostra apenas 4 não andaram em até 7 dias após o AVC e cerca de 50% andou no primeiro dia de internamento. Houve associação significativa entre a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg e o tempo para andar. Conclusão: O estudo sugere que a maioria dos indivíduos submetidos à trombólise para tratamento de AVC isquêmico recupera a capacidade de andar dentro de sete dias da ocorrência do evento, e que esta recuperação está associada ao equilíbrio nas primeiras horas após o AVC.
The thrombolytic treatment promotes cerebral reperfusion after ischemic stroke and it is considered the most effective treatment in the acute phase. The thrombolysis is associated with better clinical and functional outcomes. Hemiparesis and balance deficits are important sequelae after a stroke and both affect the individual's locomotion. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate what factors are associated with gait recovery in the acute phase of stroke after thrombolysis. Method: This is a longitudinal study, including 32 individuals in the acute phase of stroke after thrombolytic treatment. The individuals were evaluated in the first hours after thrombolytic therapy, and then, after 7 days or at the time of discharge from the inpatient unit. Results: The main outcome was the presence or absence of independent gait until the seventh day of hospitalization or until discharge from the unit. The response variable was the number of days required to recover gait, being analyzed in 3 categories: "1 day", "2 days" and "3 or more days". Of the 32 individuals in the sample, only 4 did not walk within 7 days after the stroke and about 50% walked on the first day of hospitalization. There was a significant association between the Berg Balance Scale and the time to walk. Conclusions: This study suggests that most individuals undergoing thrombolysis for the treatment of ischemic stroke recover their capacity to walk within seven days of the event and this recovery is associated with balance in the first hours after stroke.
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ABSTRACT Introduction: Early mobilization of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery who are hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) is a practice that has a positive impact. Methods: This is a systematic review of studies published until September 2020 in the Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (or MEDLINE®), Embase, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (or PEDro), Scientific Electronic Library Online (or SciELO), and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (or LILACS) databases. Randomized clinical trials describing mobilization protocols performed early in ICU patients after cardiac surgery were included. Results: According to the eligibility criteria, only 14 of the 1,128 articles found were included in the analysis. Early mobilization protocols were initiated in the immediate postoperative period or first postoperative day. The resources and technics used were progressive mobilization, cycle ergometer, early bed activities, walking protocols, resistance exercise, and virtual reality. Intensity of the mobilization activities was determined using the Borg scale and heart rate. Conclusion: Early mobilization protocols are generalist (not individual), and low-intensity exercises are used, through progressive mobilization, with two daily physical therapy sessions, during 10 to 30 minutes.
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INTRODUCTION: Several studies have shown that early mobilization is safe and beneficial for patients admitted to the intensive care units (ICUs), especially for those with mechanical ventilation (MV). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the benefits of early mobilization physiotherapeutic techniques applied to patients who suffered craniocerebral trauma (CCT). METHODS: This is an experimental study that evaluated clinical data from 27 patients. In sedated patients, mobilization and passive stretching were performed on the upper and lower limbs; in those without sedation, active-assisted, free and resisted exercises were included. RESULTS: The experimental group was composed of 51.8% of the participants and the control group by 48.2%, the majority being male (81.5%) with a median age of 43 years. The patients in the experimental group had an average of 9.5 days (2.2-14.7) of mechanical ventilation (MV), and those belonging to the control group, of 17 days (7-21.7) with MV (p=0.154). The patients in the experimental group had an average of 13.5 days in the ICU, against an average of 17 days in the control group (p=0.331), and an average of 20.5 days in hospital against 24 days in the control group (p=0.356). CONCLUSION: Early mobilization should be applied to critically ill patients as it can decrease the length of stay in the ICU and the hospital.
INTRODUÇÃO: Diversos estudos têm mostrado que a mobilização precoce é segura e benéfica para pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva (UTIs), especialmente para aqueles com ventilação mecânica (VM). OBJETIVO: Investigar os benefícios das técnicas fisioterapêuticas de mobilização precoce aplicada aos pacientes que sofreram traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE). MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo quasi-randomizado, que incluiu 27 com TCE divididos em dois grupos: controle (n=13) e experimental (n=14) pacientes. No grupo experimental, os pacientes sedados foram submetidos à mobilização e alongamentos passivos nos membros superiores e inferiores; naqueles sem sedação, foram incluídos exercícios ativo-assistidos, livres e resistidos. RESULTADOS: O grupo experimental foi composto por 51,8% dos participantes da pesquisa e o grupo controle por 48,2%, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino (81,5%) com mediana de idade de 43 anos. Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 9,5 dias (2,2-14,7) de ventilação mecânica, e os pertencentes ao grupo controle, de 17 dias (7-21,7) com de VM (p=0,154). Os pacientes do grupo experimental apresentaram média de 13,5 dias de internação em UTI, contra média de 17 dias do grupo controle (p=0,331), e média de 20,5 dias de internação hospitalar contra 24 dias do grupo controle (p=0,356). CONCLUSÃO: A mobilização precoce é uma técnica que deve ser aplicada em pacientes críticos dentro das UTIs, pois pode diminuir o tempo de internação na UTI e hospitalar.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Serviço Hospitalar de Fisioterapia , Deambulação Precoce , Lesões Encefálicas Traumáticas/terapia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Hospitais EstaduaisRESUMO
Abstract Importance: Despite ambulation capacity being associated with a decreased level of physical activity and survival may be influenced by the functional capacity, studies have not addressed the association between ambulation capacity and death in patients hospitalized by COVID-19. Objective: To verify the functional, clinical, and sociodemographic risk factors associated with in-hospital death in individuals with severe COVID-19. Methods: It is a cohort retrospective study performed at a large tertiary hospital. Patients 18 years of age or more, of both sexes, hospitalized due to severe COVID-19 were included. Cases with dubious medical records and/or missing essential data were excluded. Patients were classified according to their ambulation capacity before the COVID-19 infection. Information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, in-hospital death, total hospital stays, Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stays, and the necessity of Mechanical Ventilation (MV) were collected from medical records and registered in a RedCap database. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify possible factors associated with the in-hospital death rate. Results: Data from 1110 participants were included in the statistical analysis. The median age of the patients was 57 (46‒66) years, 58.42% (n = 590) were male, and 61.73% (n = 602) were brown or black. The case fatality rate during hospitalization was 36.0% (n = 363). In-hospital death was associated with ambulation capacity; dependent ambulators (OR = 2.3; CI 95% = 1.2-4.4) and non-functional ambulation (OR = 1.9; CI 95% = 1.1-3.3), age [older adults (OR = 3.0; CI 95% = 1.9‒4.), ICU stays (OR = 1.4; CI 95% = 1.2‒1.4), immunosuppression (OR = 5.5 CI 95% = 2.3‒13.5) and mechanical ventilation (OR = 27.5; CI 95% = 12.0-62.9). Conclusion and relevance: Decreased ambulation capacity, age, length of ICU stay, immunosuppression, and mechanical ventilation was associated with a high risk of in-hospital death due to COVID-19.
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Objective:To conduct a meta-analysis for the effects of ultra-early postoperative rehabilitation on hospital stay, complications and vasospasm in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH).Methods:PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, WOS, CNKI, CBM and Wanfang databases were searched by computers to collect control studies on ultra-early rehabilitation of aSAH. The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the databases to August 2021. The methodological quality of the included literature was evaluated according to Cochrane Handbook Systematic Reviews Interventions, and the Revman 5.2 software was used for meta-analysis.Results:A total of 5 articles were obtained, with a total of 413 patients. The methodological quality of the 5 studies was lower (grade C). The results of the meta-analysis showed that the average length of stay in the intervention group (mean difference –4.14, 95% confidence interval [ CI] –10.69-2.42; P=0.22] and the incidence of complications (odds ratio 0.86, 95% CI 0.40-1.83; P=0.70) were lower than those in the control group, but there was no significant difference. The incidence of cerebral vasospasm in the intervention group was lower than that in the control group, and there was significant difference (odds ratio 0.31, 95% CI 0.18-0.53; P<0.001). Conclusions:Postoperative ultra-early rehabilitation in patients with aSAH can reduce the incidence of cerebral vasospasm without increasing the incidence of complications. Therefore, the ultra-early rehabilitation can be considered. The methodological quality of the literature included in this study is lower, and high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to further verify the effects of ultra-early rehabilitation on hospital stay, complications, and cerebral vasospasm.
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Objective:To explore the optimum time of ambulation of atrial fibrillation patients after radiofrequency ablation, to provide basis for patients' early postoperative rehabilitation.Methods:By convenient sampling method, a total of 120 patients with atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation were collected at Yanghu Branch and City Branch of Changzhou Second People's Hospital from January 2020 to May 2021. They were divided into the early group, middle group and late group according to the random number table method, each group were 40 cases. All patients received routine postoperative intervention, the time of ambulation were 4, 6 and 12 h after operation in the early group, middle group and late group, respectively. The complication rate within 24 h after operation was compared among the three groups, and the comfort level of the three groups at 24, 48 and 72 h after operation was evaluated with Comfort Status Scale (GCQ).Results:Finally, 111 patients were included, including 37 in the early group, 38 in the middle group and 36 in the late group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of bleeding or hematoma, urinary retention, lumbago within 24 h after operation among the three groups ( P>0.05). The incidence of postural hypotension within 24 h after operation in the early group was 2.7% (1/37), which was lower than 21.1% (7/38) and 25.0% (9/36) in the middle and late groups, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.86, 7.67, both P<0.05). At 48 and 72 h after operation, the scores of physiological dimension, psychological dimension and the total score of GCQ in the early group were (20.68 ± 3.07), (22.54 ± 3.35), (81.68 ± 6.11) and (22.54 ± 3.73), (24.38 ± 2.49), (84.92 ± 6.37), higher than those in the middle group (19.16 ± 2.19), (21.32 ± 2.27), (78.24 ± 5.58), (20.93 ± 2.85), (22.32 ± 2.04), (81.66 ± 6.56), and those in the late group (18.44 ± 1.50) (21.31 ± 1.99), (78.06 ± 4.32), (20.89 ± 2.25), (21.58 ± 1.86), (80.28 ± 6.44), the differences were statistically significant ( t values were 2.19-4.15, all P<0.05). Conclusions:Ambulation at 4 h after operation does not increase peripheral vascular complications, but can reduce the incidence of postural hypotension and improve the comfort of patients with atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation.
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Introduction: Most stroke patients present limited movement, which alters gait speed and balance. This study aimed to correlate balance and gait speed, and weight distribution and balance in post-stroke patients.Methods: In total, 36 participants were included. Data collection occurred as follows: filling out the assessment form; assessment with the Berg Balance Scale (BBS); assessment with the baropodometric platform; performing the 10 Meter Walk Test (10mWT) with accelerometer; measurements with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS); the Functional Ambulation Classification (FAC); and the Barthel Index (BI).Results: A negative correlation between FAC and mRS (r = −0.708; p < 0.05) and between BI and mRS (r = −0.716; p < 0.05) was found. The correlation between BI and FAC was positive (r = 0.591). There was a strong positive correlation between the 10mWT values and the BBS score (r = 0.708; p < 0.05). Moreover, a weak negative correlation was observed between BBS values and lower limb weight distribution (r = −0.378; p < 0.05).Conclusion: We found a correlation between the functional ambulation and the degree of independence.This study showed that the better the balance, the greater the gait speed, and the lower the difference on lower limbs weight distribution, the better the balance in post-stroke patients.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Equilíbrio Postural , Reabilitação do Acidente Vascular Cerebral/estatística & dados numéricos , Marcha , Acidente Vascular Cerebral/fisiopatologiaRESUMO
Resumo Fundamento: Gráficos de recorrência (GR) permitem uma análise não linear da variabilidade de frequência cardíaca (VFC) e fornecem informações sobre o sistema nervoso autônomo (SNA). Objetivos: Avaliar se a mobilização precoce em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia coronária transluminal percutânea (ACTP) influencia os componentes quantitativos e qualitativos dos GR. Métodos: Um total de 32 participantes que foram submetidos a ACTP foram divididos entre um grupo de controle (GC - sem exercícios físicos) e grupo de mobilização precoce (GMP - com exercícios físicos) A frequência cardíaca batimento a batimento foi registrada utilizando um cardiofrequencímetro em ambos os grupos na admissão e na alta. Os índices lineares nos domínios de tempo e frequência foram analisados, bem como os índices não lineares obtidos pelos GR. O protocolo fisioterapêutico de mobilização precoce começou 12-18 horas após a ACTP. Um teste T não pareado bicaudal foi utilizado para as comparações, e p-valores <0,05 foram aceitos como significativos. Resultados: Ao comparar os dois grupos, na alta, o GMP apresentou um aumento no SDNN (23,55 ± 12,05 a 37,29 ± 16,25; p=0,042), índice triangular (8,99 ± 3,03 a 9,66 ± 3,07; p=0,014) e VLF (694,20 ± 468,20 a 848,37 ± 526,51; p=0,004), mas não apresentou alterações significativas na avaliação não linear. Além disso, na análise qualitativa dos GR, observou-se um padrão mais difuso e menos geométrico no GMP, indicando maior variabilidade, enquanto no GC, notou-se um padrão geométrico mais alterado. Conclusão: O protocolo de mobilização precoce promove uma melhoria no comportamento autonômico, conforme avaliado por VFC e GR, e pode ser considerado um procedimento útil para a melhor recuperação de pacientes submetidos a ACTP.
Abstract Background: Recurrence Plots (RP) enable a nonlinear analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and provide information on the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS). Objectives: To evaluate whether early ambulation in patients undergoing Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) influences the quantitative and qualitative components of RP. Methods: A total of 32 participants who underwent PTCA were divided into a Control Group (CG - no physical exercises) and an Early Ambulation Group (EAG - with physical exercises). Beat-to-beat heart rate was recorded using a heart rate monitor in both groups upon admission and discharge. The linear indices in the time and frequency domains were analyzed, and nonlinear indices were obtained through RP. The Early Ambulation Physical Therapy Protocol began 12-18 hours after PTCA. A two-tailed unpaired t-test was used for comparisons, and p-values < 0.05 were accepted as significant. Results: When comparing both groups, upon discharge, EAG showed an increase in SDNN (23.55 ± 12.05 to 37.29 ± 16.25; p=0.042), Triangular Index (8.99 ± 3.03 to 9.66 ± 3.07; p=0.014), and VLF (694.20 ± 468.20 to 848.37 ± 526.51; p=0.004), but without significant changes in the nonlinear evaluation. In addition, in the qualitative analysis of RP, a more diffuse and less geometric pattern was observed in EAG, indicating greater variability, while in CG, an altered and more geometric pattern was noted. Conclusion: The Early Ambulation Protocol promotes an improvement in autonomic behavior as evaluated by HRV and by RP, which can thus be considered a useful procedure for better recovery of patients undergoing PTCA.
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RESUMO Este estudo teve como objetivo traduzir e adaptar culturalmente o questionário Canadian survey of mobilization of intensive care unit patients para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil. Este instrumento avalia profissionais de unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) em relação aos conhecimentos sobre a mobilização precoce (MP) e sua importância, as percepções sobre barreiras e as práticas de reabilitação com o paciente crítico. O protocolo incluiu as etapas: autorização e cessão de direitos de uso; tradução do instrumento para a língua portuguesa; reconciliação; retrotradução para a língua original; revisão e harmonização da retrotradução; aprovação da autora principal do questionário original; revisão da versão em português; desdobramento cognitivo; e reconciliação e elaboração da versão final. Devido a algumas diferenças conceituais e culturais entre os dois países, algumas dúvidas foram discutidas com a autora principal do instrumento, a qual concordou com as alterações sugeridas. No desdobramento cognitivo, os 10 profissionais selecionados testaram a clareza, compreensão e aceitabilidade do questionário, e demonstraram suas dificuldades quanto ao conteúdo deste. Muitos entrevistados evidenciaram que o instrumento desperta reflexões importantes sobre as práticas diárias e os benefícios com a realização da MP. O questionário intitulado Pesquisa de mobilização de pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva: conhecimento, perspectivas e práticas atuais encontra-se traduzido e adaptado culturalmente para a língua portuguesa falada no Brasil, podendo ser utilizado para avaliar aspectos da MP por profissionais que participam deste processo em UTIs adulto e pediátricas. Estudos futuros utilizando esta versão serão necessários para verificar se o questionário fornece medidas reprodutíveis e válidas.
RESUMEN Este estudio tuvo como objetivo traducir y adaptar culturalmente el cuestionario Canadian survey of mobilization of intensive care unit patients al portugués de Brasil. Este instrumento evalúa a los profesionales de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) en cuanto al conocimiento sobre la movilización temprana (MT) y su importancia, las percepciones sobre las barreras y las prácticas de rehabilitación con pacientes críticos. El protocolo incluyó las siguientes etapas: autorización y cesión de derechos de uso; traducción del instrumento al portugués brasileño; reconciliación; retrotraducción al idioma original; revisión y armonización de la retrotraducción; aprobación de la autora principal al cuestionario original; revisión de la versión al portugués; despliegue cognitivo; y reconciliación y preparación de la versión final. Debido a algunas diferencias conceptuales y culturales entre los dos países, se discutieron algunas dudas con la autora principal del instrumento, quien estuvo de acuerdo con los cambios sugeridos. En el despliegue cognitivo, los 10 profesionales seleccionados probaron la claridad, la comprensión y la aceptabilidad del cuestionario, y demostraron las dificultades de los contenidos. Numerosos entrevistados manifestaron que el instrumento suscita importantes reflexiones sobre las prácticas cotidianas y beneficios de llevar a cabo la MT. El cuestionario titulado Investigación en movilización de pacientes en unidades de cuidados intensivos: conocimientos, perspectivas y prácticas actuales está traducido y adaptado culturalmente al portugués de Brasil, y puede ser utilizado para evaluar aspectos de MT por parte de profesionales que participan en este proceso en UCI de adultos y pediátrica. Se necesitarán estudios futuros que utilicen esta versión para verificar que el cuestionario proporciona la reproducibilidad y la validez de las medidas.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to translate and culturally adapt the "Canadian survey of mobilization of intensive care unit patients" questionnaire to Brazilian Portuguese. This instrument evaluates intensive care unit (ICU) professionals' knowledge about early mobilization and its importance, their perceptions about barriers and rehabilitation practices with critically ill patients. The protocol includes the following steps: authorization and assignment of rights of use; translation of the instrument into Portuguese; reconciliation; back-translation to the original language; revision and harmonization of back-translation; approval from the main author of the original questionnaire; revision of the Portuguese version; cognitive debriefing; reconciliation; and preparation of the final version. Due to some conceptual and cultural differences between the two countries, some questions were discussed with the author of the original instrument, who agreed with the suggested alterations. During cognitive debriefing, the 10 selected professionals tested the questionnaire's clarity, understanding, and acceptability, indicating any difficulties they had regarding its content. Many interviewees reported that the instrument raises important reflections on daily practices and the benefits of early mobilization. The questionnaire entitled "Pesquisa de mobilização de pacientes em unidade de terapia intensiva: conhecimento, perspectivas e práticas atuais" was translated and culturally adapted to Brazilian Portuguese and can be used to evaluate aspects of early mobilization by professionals who participate in this process in adult and pediatric ICUs. Future studies using this version will be necessary to verify that the questionnaire provides reproducible and valid measurements.
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OBJECTIVE@#Circuit class therapy is a cost-efficient model of treatment that can be beneficial in a setting with limited resources. Current literature has conflicting results regarding which is a more effective approach to stroke rehabilitation: focusing on functional training or on improving impairments. This pilot study provides preliminary information comparing the effects of a task-oriented versus an impairment-focused circuit class therapy on walking ability among patients with chronic stroke.@*METHOD@#Eighteen participants with a single episode of chronic stroke and limited mobility were randomized into task-oriented circuit class (task group) (n=9) and impairment-focused circuit class (impairment group) (n=9). Both groups underwent intervention thrice a week for four weeks. Blind examination was done using the Ten Meter Walk Test for comfortable gait velocity (CGV) and fast gait velocit(FGV), Time Up and Down Stairs (TUDS), and Six Minute Walk Test (6MWT).@*RESULTS@#All participants completed the treatment sessions without adverse effects. After four weeks of treatment, the task group showed statistically significant within-group change in CGV (0.12±0.08, p=0.003) and FGV (0.25±0.22, p=0.007). The impairment group only showed statistically significant improvement in 6MWT (25.80±31.2, p=0.038). There were no statistically significant changes between the groups in all outcome measures.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The preliminary data from this pilot study suggest either program can improve walking-related outcomes and may not be different, although this needs to be confirmed using an appropriately-powered trial.