Cotite Apendicular - Relato de Caso / Stump appendicitis - Case Report

Cotite apendicular é uma rara complicação pós-apendicectomia, que se caracteriza por ser uma inflamação do coto apendicular remanescente devido à obstrução do seu lúmen, geralmente por um fecalito. Isso aumenta a pressão intraluminal, prejudica a drenagem venosa e facilita subsequente infecção bacteriana. Em virtude da baixa incidência desta patologia, seu diagnóstico costuma ser tardio, podendo gerar consequências deletérias ao paciente. Os achados clínicos e radiológicos são semelhantes aos da apencidite aguda, e o tratamento é a reintervenção cirúrgica e complementação da apendicectomia, excisando o coto remanescente.

Stump appendicitis is a rare post-appendectomy complication characterized as an inflammation of the remaining appendicular stump due to obstruction of its lumen, usually by a fecalith. Which increases intraluminal pressure, impairs venous drainage, and facilitates subsequent bacterial infection. Due to the low incidence of this pathology, its diagnosis is usually late, and it can have deleterious consequences for the patient. The clinical and radiological findings are similar to those of acute appendicitis, and the treatment is surgical reintervention and complementary appendectomy, excising the remaining stump.

Apendicitis del muñón: reporte de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Stump appendicitis: case report and literature review

La apendicitis del muñón es una rara entidad, de la cual se desconoce su incidencia, con alrededor de 100 casos reportados en la literatura médica. Requiere un alto grado de sospecha clínica para su correcta identificación. El tratamiento recomendado es quirúrgico. Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 26 años, con antecedente de apendicectomía hace 17 años, con cuadro de dolor abdominal en fosa iliaca derecha y signos apendiculares positivos en el examen físico. La Tomografía Axial Computarizada demostró una colección con gas y fecalitos en su interior, localizada en fosa iliaca derecha, planteándose un diagnóstico de apendicitis del muñón. Se realizó una laparotomía exploratoria, evidenciándose un muñón apendicular perforado en su tercio proximal, por lo que se completó la apendicectomía del muñón. El informe histopatológico reportó un muñón apendicular con infiltrado mono y polimorfo nuclear, que compromete el espesor de la pared. El paciente fue dado de alta con evolución dentro de parámetros esperados y fue remitido a control y seguimiento por Consulta Externa.

Stump appendicitis is a rare entity, of which its incidence is unknown, with about 100 cases reported in the medical literature, which requires a high degree of clinical suspicion for proper identification. The recommended treatment is surgical. The case of a 26-year-old patient with an appendectomy antecedent 17 years ago, with abdominal pain in right lower quadrant and positive appendicular signs on the physical exam is presented. Computerized Axial Tomography demonstrated a collection of gas and fecalites inside, located in right lower quadrant, considering a diagnosis of stump appendicitis. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, with an appendicular stump perforated in its proximal third, and the stump appendectomy was completed. The histopathological report reported an appendicular stump with mono and polymorph nuclear infiltrate, which compromises the thickness of the wall. The patient is discharged with evolution within expected parameters and is referred to control and follow-up by External Consultation.

Apendicitis aguda recurrente en pacientes apendicectomizados / Relapsed appendicitis in appendectomized patients

RESUMEN Introducción: La apendicitis aguda es la causa más común de abdomen agudo, que precisa de tratamiento quirúrgico mediante apendicectomía abierta o laparoscópica. La apendicitis del muñón o recurrente, en la que ocurre la inflamación del remanente apendicular, es una complicación tardía infrecuente de la apendicectomía. Objetivo: Identificar las posibles causas de la apendicitis recurrente, así como las medidas relacionadas con su prevención. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura actualizada sobre el tema en formato digital, en publicaciones en idioma inglés y español. Conclusiones: La prevención de la apendicitis del muñón se basa en resecar el apéndice a menos de 0,5 cm de su base; los pacientes, con frecuencia, presentan síntomas análogos a los de antes de la primera cirugía, sin embargo, existe un incremento del riesgo de peritonitis y de graves complicaciones debido al retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico; es una causa poco frecuente de dolor abdominal en pacientes apendicectomizados, por lo que se debe guardar una alta sospecha para su diagnóstico precoz y tratamiento oportuno(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute abdomen, which requires surgical treatment by open or laparoscopic appendectomy. Recurrent appendicitis of the stump, in which inflammation of the appendicular remnant occurs, is an infrequent late complication of appendectomy. Objective: To identify the possible causes of recurrent appendicitis, as well as the measures related to its prevention. Methods: A review of the updated literature on the subject was carried out in digital format, in publications in English and Spanish. Conclusions: Prevention of appendicitis of the stump is based on resecting the appendix less than 0.5 cm from its base; Patients frequently present symptoms similar to those before the first surgery, however, there is an increased risk of peritonitis and serious complications due to delayed diagnosis and therapy; It is a rare cause of abdominal pain in appendectomized patients, so high suspicion should be kept for its early diagnosis and prompt treatment(AU)

The usefulness and safety of Hem-o-lok clips for the closure of appendicular stump during laparoscopic appendectomy / 대한외과학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety and usefulness of the Hem-o-lok clip for the closure of appendicular stumps and limitations of the Hem-o-lok clip. METHODS: From May 2010 to August 2011, 105 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomies by three surgeons. XL size Hem-o-lok clips were used for the closure of appendicular stumps by one surgeon. The remaining surgeons used double endoloop ligatures. Prospectively collected data from patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy due to acute appendicitis were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 105 laparoscopic appendectomies were performed. The endoloop group consisted of 66 patients (mean age, 34.6 years; range, 16 to 82 years), while the Hem-o-lok group consisted of 39 patients (mean age, 43.5 years; range, 11 to 88 years). In three cases, the Hem-o-lok clip was not used due to enlargement and severe inflammation of the appendix base. No specific intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed in either group. CONCLUSION: The use of Hem-o-lok clips for the closure of appendicular stumps in laparoscopic appendectomy is a feasible, safe, fast and cost-effective procedure in patients with a mildly to moderately inflamed appendix base of less than 10 mm in diameter.