Alfredo Ramón Campos Calp (1880-1970). Militar, arquitecto, docente e historiador / Alfredo Ramón Campos Calp (1880-1970). Military man, architect, teacher and historian. / Alfredo Ramón Campos Calp (1880-1970). Militar, arquiteto, professor e historiador.

Alfredo Ramón Campos (1880-1970), militar, arquitecto, político, docente y escritor uruguayo. Constructor material y doctrinario del Ejército del siglo XX. De joven, participó en las guerras civiles de 1897 y 1904. De adulto en la revolución de 1910 y luego en la de 1935. En 1935 concurre como presidente de la delegación uruguaya a la Comisión Militar Neutral para solucionar lo que no pudo la Sociedad de Naciones en la guerra del Chaco. Asume como Ministro de Defensa en junio 1938, sorteando la llegada del Graf Spee a Montevideo y renunciando un año y medio más tarde por falta de apoyo político con la ley del Servicio Militar Obligatorio. Asume nuevamente el ministerio de Defensa en 1942 culminando un importante número de proyectos. En cada destino militar nos dejó un reglamento y una ley. En cada acontecimiento histórico que participó, nos dejó un relato de los hechos. Abrazó una segunda profesión, docente de secundaria, Facultad de Matemáticas y Arquitectura, socio fundador de la "Sociedad de Arquitectos del Uruguay" y jurado de los principales edificios y monumentos del país en la primera mitad del siglo XX. Construyó más de doscientas obras particulares y estatales, realizó decoraciones y reformas, y sobre todo construyó los edificios para alojamiento de las tropas en el Ejército Nacional, ampliaciones del Hospital Militar y Sanatorio Español. La fortaleza de sus obras hace, que aún se mantengan de pie.

Alfredo Ramón Campos (1880-1970), Uruguayan military man, architect, politician, teacher and writer. Material and doctrinal builder of the Army of the 20th century. As a young man, he participated in the civil wars of 1897 and 1904. As an adult, he participated in the revolution of 1910 and then in the revolution of 1935. In 1935 he was president of the Uruguayan delegation to the Neutral Military Commission to solve what the League of Nations could not in the Chaco War. He became Minister of Defense in June 1938, avoiding the arrival of the Graf Spee to Montevideo and resigned a year and a half later due to lack of political support for the law of Compulsory Military Service. He assumed again the Ministry of Defense in 1942, culminating an important number of projects. In each military assignment he left us a regulation and a law. In each historical event in which he participated, he left us an account of the facts. He embraced a second profession, secondary school teacher, Faculty of Mathematics and Architecture, founding member of the "Society of Architects of Uruguay" and juror of the main buildings of the country in the first half of the twentieth century. He built more than two hundred private and state works, made decorations and reforms, and above all built the buildings for troop housing in the National Army, extensions of the Military Hospital and the Spanish Sanatorium. The strength of his works means that they are still standing.

Alfredo Ramón Campos (1880-1970), oficial militar, arquiteto, político, professor e escritor uruguaio. Construtor de material e doutrina do exército no século XX. Quando jovem, participou das guerras civis de 1897 e 1904. Quando adulto, participou das revoluções de 1910 e 1935. Em 1935, foi presidente da delegação uruguaia na Comissão Militar Neutra para resolver o que a Liga das Nações não conseguiu na Guerra do Chaco. Tornou-se Ministro da Defesa em junho de 1938, evitando a chegada do Graf Spee a Montevidéu e renunciando um ano e meio depois devido à falta de apoio político à lei do Serviço Militar Obrigatório. Ele assumiu novamente o Ministério da Defesa em 1942 e concluiu um grande número de projetos. Em cada missão militar, ele nos deixou um regulamento e uma lei. Em cada evento histórico do qual participou, ele nos deixou um relato dos fatos. Adotou uma segunda profissão: professor de ensino médio, professor de matemática e arquitetura, membro fundador da Sociedad de Arquitectos del Uruguay e jurado dos principais edifícios do país na primeira metade do século XX. Ele construiu mais de duzentos edifícios privados e estatais, realizou decorações e reformas e, acima de tudo, construiu os edifícios para acomodação de tropas no Exército Nacional, extensões do Hospital Militar e do Sanatório Espanhol. A força de suas obras significa que elas ainda estão de pé até hoje.

Role of sleep architecture in the assessment and recovery of conscious state in patients with consciousness disorders following traumatic brain injury: a review / 中华创伤杂志

Consciousness disorders following traumatic brain injury (TBI) are alterations in consciousness due to damage to the brain parenchyma and/or brain vessels. As the number of TBI patients continues to increase, so does the number of patients with consciousness disorders following TBI. The patients′ quality of life was seriously affected due to a long course of illness and loss of most of independence. However, at present, the mechanisms of consciousness disorders in TBI are still unknown. The assessment of conscious state in patients with consciousness disorders following TBI mainly depends on scales, resulting in a high rate of misdiagnosis. Common interventions, including pharmacological interventions such as amantadine and zolpidem, as well as non-pharmacological interventions such as neuromodulation and sensory stimulation programs, fail to achieve extensive efficacy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for more accurate assessment indicators as well as effective therapeutic interventions. Various neurophysiological activities sustained by sleep are crucial for consciousness. Sleep regularity is likely to reflect the conscious state of patients with consciousness disorders following TBI. Sleep regularity is generally reflected through sleep architecture, including circadian rhythms and various sleep characteristics. Therefore, the authors reviewed the research progress in the application of sleep architecture in the assessment and recovery of conscious state in patients with consciousness disorders following TBI, so as to provide reference for its clinical application.

Miedo a las alturas en mareo postural perceptual persistente en ambientes arquitectónicos simulados por realidad virtual / Fear of heights in persistent postural perceptual dizziness in architectonic environments simulated with virtual reality

Introducción: El mareo postural perceptual persistente (MPPP) es una de las causas más frecuentes de vértigo crónico. Si bien, los pacientes con MPPP tienen alteraciones de la percepción espacial, se desconoce si presentan alteraciones en el miedo a las alturas. Para no exponer a pacientes con MPPP a ambientes reales con altura, nos propusimos utilizar la realidad virtual para estudiar el miedo a las alturas. Objetivo: Cuantificar el miedo a las alturas en pacientes con MPPP y controles mediante ambientes simulados con realidad virtual. Material y Método: Estudio transversal, prospectivo de casos y controles pareados por edad y sexo. Se reclutaron pacientes con MPPP del Servicio de Otorrinolaringología del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile entre los años 2020 y 2021. Se midió presencia subjetiva de miedo y taquicardia. Los escenarios se desarrollaron con el programa Blender 2.8 y Oculus Link para equipo Oculus Quest. Se utilizaron cinco escenarios a diferentes alturas (pisos 1, 3, 6, 12, 19). Resultados: Se reclutaron 20 sujetos (12 mujeres, 47 años en promedio), incluyendo 10 pacientes con MPPP y 10 controles sin síntomas vestibulares. Ningún sujeto del grupo control presentó miedo en los escenarios presentados, mientras que siete pacientes del grupo MPPP tuvieron miedo subjetivo a una altura menor a 40 metros virtuales (Fischer, p < 0,05). Conclusión: Los pacientes con MPPP presentan, con mayor frecuencia, miedo subjetivo a las alturas que los controles, pero se requiere de nuevos estudios para determinar si este miedo es específico de MPPP, o es general a otras causas de vértigo crónico.

Introduction: Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness (PPPD) is one of the most common causes of chronic vertigo. While patients with PPPD have spatial perception alterations, it is unknown whether they present alterations in fear of heights. To avoid exposing patients with PPPD to high places, we aimed to use virtual reality to quantify fear of heights. Aim: To quantify fear of heights in patients with PPPD and controls using simulated environments with virtual reality. Material and Method: A prospective cross-sectional study of age- and sex-matched case-control pairs. PPPD patients were recruited from the Otolaryngology Service of the Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile between 2020 and 2021. Presence of subjective fear and tachycardia were measured. The scenarios were developed using Blender 2.8 and Oculus Link for the Oculus Quest. Five scenarios at different heights (floors 1, 3, 6, 12, 19) were used. Results: Twenty subjects were recruited (12 women, average age of 47 years), including 10 PPPD patients and 10 controls without vestibular symptoms. None of the control group subjects presented fear in the presented scenarios, while seven patients in the PPPD group had subjective fear at a height lower than virtual 40 meters (Fischer, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Patients with PPPD present a greater proportion of subjective fear to heights than controls, but further studies are required to determine if this fear is specific to PPPD or is general to other causes of chronic vertigo.

Asociación entre la Arquitectura Muscular y el Índice de Calidad Muscular en Adultos Sedentarios / Association Between Muscle Architecture and Muscle Quality Index in Sedentary Adults

La evaluación de la calidad y la arquitectura muscular son importantes para comprender y cuantificar los cambios musculares asociados con el envejecimiento y el estilo de vida sedentario, además nos facilita información de la capacidad del músculo para generar fuerza, potencia o funcionalidad. los objetivos del estudio fueron (I) determinar la asociación entre los parámetros de la arquitectura muscular y el índice de calidad muscular (MQI) y (II) determinar la asociación entre los parámetros de la arquitectura muscular y la potencia media relativa del sit to stand test (STS). Únicamente el grosor muscular (MT) mostró una asociación moderada con el MQI (r = 0,545). En contraste, tanto la longitud del fascículo (FL) como el ángulo de penación (PA) exhibieron asociaciones "muy bajas", las cuales no resultaron significativas con el MQI. Al examinar la relación de los parámetros de la arquitectura muscular con la potencia media relativa de STS, MT presentó una asociación "moderada" (r = 0,444). Sin embargo, tanto FL como PA mostraron asociaciones "muy bajas" y "bajas", respectivamente, con la potencia media relativa al STS. En conclusión, estos hallazgos refuerzan la idea de que MT puede ser un indicador relevante de la calidad muscular y la capacidad de generar potencia en la prueba de STS. Específicamente, se observó que un aumento en MT estaba asociado con una mejora en MQI y la potencia media relativa de STS.

SUMMARY: Assessment of muscle quality and architecture is important for understanding and quantifying muscle changes associated with aging and a sedentary lifestyle and provides information on the muscle's ability to generate strength, power, or function. The aims of the study were (I) to determine the association between muscle architecture parameters and muscle quality index (MQI) and (II) to determine the association between muscle architecture parameters and mean relative power in the sit-to-stand test (STS). Only muscle thickness (MT) showed a moderate association with MQI (r = 0.545). In contrast, both fascicle length (FL) and penile angle (PA) exhibited "very low" associations, which were not significant with the MQI. When examining the relationship between muscle architecture parameters and mean relative STS power, MT presented a "moderate" association (r = 0.444). However, both LF and PA showed "very low" and "low" associations, respectively, with a mean power relative to STS. In conclusion, these findings reinforce the idea that MT may be a relevant indicator of muscle quality and ability to generate power in the STS test. Specifically, an increase in MT was associated with an improvement in MQI and mean power relative to STS.

Influence of probe position in the measurement of muscle thickness and its association with lean mass: an ultrasound study / Influencia de la posición de la sonda en la medición del grosor muscular y su asociación con la masa magra: un estudio ecográfico

SUMMARY: Skeletal muscles play a fundamental role in people's lives and their evaluation provides significant information on health. Different tools have been used to evaluate muscle mass, and the evaluation of muscle thickness (MT) using ultrasound has been included as an alternative, which can be performed with the probe in different positions; however, these could present differences. The objectives of this study were to determine whether there are differences in the measurement of MT in the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle using the probe in the longitudinal or transverse position, and to determine its association with the lean mass of the lower limbs. The results indicated no significant differences between MT measurements with the probe in the longitudinal and transverse positions (p =0.084). However, when associating these measurements with lower limb lean mass, it was found that transverse measurements had a strong association (r =0.547; p < 0.001), while longitudinal measurements had a moderate association (r =0.351; p =0.007). This suggests that measurements with the probe positioned transversely to measure the MT would be the best option. Therefore, it could be useful as an indicator of lower limb lean mass in the absence of tools, such as bioelectrical bioimpedance or magnetic nuclear resonance.

El músculo esquelético cumple un rol fundamental en la vida de las personas, y su evaluación entrega mucha información de la salud. Se han utilizado diferentes herramientas para evaluar la masa muscular, y el último tiempo se ha incluido la evaluación del grosor muscular (MT) a través de la ecografía como una alternativa para estimarla, las cuales se pueden realizar con la sonda en distintas posiciones, sin embargo, estas podrían presentar diferencias. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar si existen diferencias en la medición de MT en el músculo vasto lateral (VL) utilizando la sonda en posición longitudinal o transversal y determinar su asociación con la masa magra de los miembros inferiores. Los resultados indican que no existen diferencias significativas entre las mediciones de MT con la sonda en posición longitudinal y transversal (valor p: 0.084). Sin embargo, al asociar estas mediciones con la masa magra de los miembros inferiores, se encontró que las mediciones transversales poseen una asociación fuerte (r: 0.547; valor p < 0.001), mientras que las mediciones longitudinales presentan una asociación moderada (r: 0.351; valor p: 0.007). Esto sugiere que las mediciones con la sonda posicionada transversal para medir MT serían la mejor opción. Por lo tanto, podría ser de utilidad como un indicador de masa magra de los miembros inferiores en caso de no contar con herramientas como la bioimpedancia bioeléctrica o resonancia nuclear magnética.

UML-based design method of automatic verification system architecture for Siemens ADVIA2400 Automatic Biochemical Analyzer / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To propose a UML-based architecture design method of the automatic verification system for Siemens ADVIA2400 Automatic Biochemical Analyzer to solve the problems of manual verification in time cost,labor cost and sample turnaround time.Methods Automatic verification rules were established with AUTO 10-A guidelines and Sergey Brin logic,and UML design tools and Enterprise Architect software were used to develop the automatic verification system software involving in the use case model,dynamic model,logic model and physical deployment model,then the index thresholds were determined based on the practical experience of the clinical laboratory department and the specifications such as the instrument SOPs of the biochemical group.The automatic verification system was tested and validated with the working experience.Results The automatic verification system developed detected the changes in the patient's indexes and gave alarms accurately,which shortened the sample turnaround time by about 25.6％when compared with manual verification.Conclusion The automatic verification system for Siemens ADVIA2400 Automatic Biochemical Analyzer gains advantages in stability,reliability and efficiency during clinical laboratory examination.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2023,44(10):81-85]

Muscle architecture and intramuscular nerve distribution pattern of adult elbow muscle / 解剖学报

[Abstract] Objective To study the morphology, muscle architecture index and distribution pattern of intramuscular nerve dense area of elbow muscle, so as to provide anatomical location for poster-lateral approach of elbow joint and transplantation of elbow muscle flap. Methods Through gross anatomy, muscle architecture index and modified Sihler’s intramuscular nerve staining, 10 cases with an average age of 64. 2 years were selected. Results The elbow muscle was approximate triangle, the muscle wet weight was (6. 31±0. 85) g, the muscle length was (6. 24±0. 78) cm, the muscle fiber length was (4. 74±0. 88) cm, pennation angle(70. 60±6. 41)°and the muscle physiological cross-sectional area was (0. 41±0. 15) cm

Genetic Architecture and Functional Implications of the CSF-Contacting Nucleus / 神经科学通报·英文版

We previously identified a unique nucleus, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting nucleus. This study aims to understand its gene architecture and preliminarily suggest its functions. The results showed that there were about 19,666 genes in this nucleus, of which 913 were distinct from the dorsal raphe nucleus (non-CSF contacting). The top 40 highly-expressed genes are mainly related to energy metabolism, protein synthesis, transport, secretion, and hydrolysis. The main neurotransmitter is 5-HT. The receptors of 5-HT and GABA are abundant. The channels for Cl-, Na+, K+, and Ca2+ are routinely expressed. The signaling molecules associated with the CaMK, JAK, and MAPK pathways were identified accurately. In particular, the channels of transient receptor potential associated with nociceptors and the solute carrier superfamily members associated with cell membrane transport were significantly expressed. The relationship between the main genes of the nucleus and life activities is preliminarily verified.

Humor, Mindfulness and Aggression in College Studentsy

Background: The professional courses such as engineering, medical, paramedical and architecture are demanding and intense in nature. Similarly, it is observed that not only do students indulge in aggressive behaviour but also use humour as a coping mechanism. The purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between humour, mindfulness and aggression and also to assess if these variables had an effect on the participants gender and the courses they were enrolled in. Methodology: The sample consisted of 80 people between 18 to 25 years of age who were enrolled in professional courses (such as, engineering, architecture, medical and paramedical) from Maharashtra, India. The scales used were the Sense of Humour Scale (SOH), Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and Brief Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ). Results: A significant low positive correlation was observed between SOH and BAQ and a significant moderate negative correlation was observed between BAQ and MAAS. However, an insignificant relationship was found between SOH and MAAS. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed in males and females for mindfulness and aggression. However, a difference was found in males and females for sense of humour. Another test result represented no significant differences between the participants enrolled in engineering, architecture and healthcare courses in consideration with sense of humour, mindfulness and aggression. Conclusion: This study stated that an increase in sense of humour leads to an increased level of aggression whereas, an increase in mindfulness would lead to a decrease in the level of aggression. However, no significance was found between humour and mindfulness.

A study of Cardiorespiratory Parameters and Sleep Architecture in Patients with Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea undergoing Adenotonsillectomy

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in pediatric population is associated with cardiac, respiratory, metabolic, neurocognitive, and behavioral dysfunctions. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is the treatment of choice in children who have hypertrophied adenoid and/or palatine tonsils. However, there is paucity of literature on the impact of AT on cardiorespiratory and sleep parameters in these cases. Methods: We did a retrospective study on children who had undergone AT from July 2016 to December 2018 at a tertiary hospital in north India. Only those children, whose polysomnography (PSG) was available both before and after AT were enrolled in this study. � Cardiac parameters: Mean heart rate (MHR) and highest heart rate (HHR), number and duration of arrhythmias, and pulse transit time (PTT) drops. � Respiratory parameters: Apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), respiratory disturbance index (RDI), oxygen desaturation index (ODI), mean oxygen saturation (MOS). � Sleep parameters: Time spent in different stages, sleep efficiency (SE), and arousal index (AI) on PSG were compared before and after AT. Results: A total of 56 children had undergone AT for OSA. Also, PSG, both before and after AT, was available in 37 children. After excluding children having undergone other surgeries for OSA and those with comorbidities, 32 children were enrolled. AT led to significant positive change in AHI (from 7.86 � 7.91 to 2.03 � 3.10, p = 0.01), RDI (from 16.319 � 15.64 to 7.38 � 3.72, p < 0.01), AI (from 22.10 � 14.93 to 15.90 � 8.48, p = 0.012), SE (from 91.47 � 6.31 to 95.866 � 3.03, p < 0.01), ODI (from 6.7959 � 5.03 to 1.865 � 2.09, p < 0.01), MOS (from 95.59 � 2.19 to 97.28 � 1.27), HHR (from 141.68 � 17.93 to 120.93 � 16.98, p < 0.01), MHR (86.68 � 12.95 to 80.29 � 8.81, p = 0.01), and PTT AI (from 36.67 � 27.72 to 26.93 � 24.86, p < 0.01). There was no non-sinus wide or narrow complex tachyarrhythmia in any child before or after AT. There was no statistically significant change in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration or number and duration of bradycardia episodes in these children (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Adenotonsillectomy improved SE and oxygenation, and decreased the number of obstructive events, arousals, heart rate, and PTT AI during sleep in children with OSA. Some children had residual disease after surgery. Heart rate and PTT can be excellent non-invasive parameters for detecting obstructive events during sleep in children and monitoring the impact of various therapeutic modalities.