Environmental sympatry through time: spatio-temporal distribution and conservation status of two sympatric anuran species (Leptodactylidae) in South America / Simpatría ambiental a través del tiempo: distribución espacio-temporal y estado de conservación de dos especies de anuros simpátricos (Leptodactylidae) en América del Sur

Abstract Introduction: Leptodactylus latinasus and Physalaemus cuqui are sympatric anuran species with similar environmental requirements and contrasting reproductive modes. Climatic configuration determines distribution patterns and promotes sympatry of environmental niches, but specificity/selectivity determines the success of reproductive modes. Species distribution models (SDM) are a valuable tool to predict spatio-temporal distributions based on the extrapolation of environmental predictors. Objectives: To determine the spatio-temporal distribution of environmental niches and assess whether the protected areas of the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA) allow the conservation of these species in the current scenario and future. Methods: We applied different algorithms to predict the distribution and spatio-temporal overlap of environmental niches of L. latinasus and P. cuqui within South America in the last glacial maximum (LGM), middle-Holocene, current and future scenarios. We assess the conservation status of both species with the WDPA conservation units. Results: All applied algorithms showed high performance for both species (TSS = 0.87, AUC = 0.95). The L. latinasus predictions showed wide environmental niches from LGM to the current scenario (49 % stable niches, 37 % gained niches, and 13 % lost niches), suggesting historical fidelity to stable climatic-environmental regions. In the current-future transition, L. latinasus would increase the number of stable (70 %) and lost (20 %) niches, suggesting fidelity to lowland regions and a possible trend toward microendemism. P. cuqui loses environmental niches from the LGM to the current scenario (25 %) and in the current-future transition (63 %), increasing the environmental sympathy between both species; 31 % spatial overlap in the current scenario and 70 % in the future. Conclusion: Extreme drought events and rainfall variations, derived from climate change, suggest the loss of environmental niches for these species that are not currently threatened but are not adequately protected by conservation units. The loss of environmental niches increases spatial sympatry which represents a new challenge for anurans and the conservation of their populations.

Resumen Introducción: Leptodactylus latinasus y Physalaemus cuqui son especies de anuros simpátricos con requerimientos ambientales similares y modos reproductivos contrastantes. La configuración climática determina los patrones de distribución y promueve la simpatría de los nichos ambientales, pero la especificidad/selectividad determina el éxito de los modos reproductivos. Los modelos de distribución de especies (MDE) son una herramienta valiosa para predecir distribuciones espacio-temporales basadas en la extrapolación de predictores ambientales. Objetivos: Determinar la distribución espacio-temporal de los nichos ambientales y evaluar si las áreas protegidas de la base de Datos Mundial de Áreas Protegidas (DMAP) permiten la conservación de estas especies en el escenario actual y futuro. Métodos: Aplicamos diferentes algoritmos para predecir la distribución y superposición espacio-temporal de nichos ambientales de L. latinasus y P. cuqui dentro de América del Sur en el último máximo glacial (UGM), Holoceno medio, actual y futuro. Evaluamos el estado de conservación de ambas especies con las unidades de conservación de la DMAP. Resultados: Todos los algoritmos aplicados mostraron un alto rendimiento para ambas especies (TSS = 0.87, AUC = 0.95). Las predicciones de L. latinasus mostraron amplios nichos ambientales desde LGM hasta el escenario actual (49 % de nichos estables, 37 % de nichos ganados y 13 % de nichos perdidos), sugiriendo fidelidad histórica por regiones climático-ambientales estables. En la transición actual-futura L. latinasus incrementaría la cantidad de nichos estables (70 %) y perdidos (20 %), sugiriendo fidelidad por regiones de tierras bajas y la posible tendencia hacia el microendemismo. P. cuqui pierde nichos ambientales desde el LGM al escenario actual (25 %) y en la transición actual-futura (63 %), incrementando la simpatría ambiental entre ambas especies; 31 % de superposición espacial en el escenario actual y 70 % en el futuro. Conclusión: Los eventos de sequía extrema y las variaciones de precipitaciones, derivados del cambio climático, sugieren la pérdida de nichos ambientales para estas especies, actualmente no se encuentran amenazadas, pero no están adecuadamente protegidas por las unidades de conservación. La pérdida de nichos ambientales aumenta la simpatría espacial que representa un nuevo desafío para estos anuros y la conservación de sus poblaciones.

Tendencias y factores asociados al aumento de casos de dengue en Cochabamba: un estudio longitudinal 2019-2024 / Tendências e Fatores Associados ao Aumento de Casos de Dengue em Cochabamba: um Estudo Longitudinal 2019-2024 / Trends and Factors Associated with the Increase in Dengue Cases in Cochabamba: a Longitudinal Study 2019-2024

Introducción: el dengue, transmitido por el mosquito Aedes aegypti, es un problema de salud pública global creciente, especialmente en Cochabamba, donde factores climáticos y urbanización favorecen su proliferación. Entre 2020 y 2023, los casos aumentaron alarmantemente, subrayando la necesidad de vigilancia y prevención. Este estudio analizará las tendencias de 2019 a 2024, relacionando incidencia y lluvias. Metodología: este estudio cuantitativo, longitudinal y retrospectivo analizó las tendencias de casos sospechosos de dengue en Cochabamba de 2019 a 2024. Utilizó datos del formulario 302 del SNIS Bolivia, abarcando períodos epidemiológicos y de lluvia. Se realizó análisis descriptivo con SPSS y comparación con estudios previos para validar resultados y formular políticas de salud. Resultados: los datos semanales de dengue en Cochabamba, divididos en períodos inter-epidémicos y de lluvias, muestran un aumento significativo de casos en 2023-2024 (13,940 casos) comparado con años anteriores. Los picos más altos se observan durante el final del período de lluvias, especialmente en la semana 21 de 2023-2024, destacando la estacionalidad de la enfermedad. Discusión: el análisis de los casos sospechosos de dengue en Cochabamba (2019-2024) muestra un drástico aumento en 2023-2024, con 13,940 casos. Este incremento puede estar influenciado por el cambio climático, crecimiento urbano y variaciones en vigilancia epidemiológica. Los picos se concentran durante la temporada de lluvias, subrayando la necesidad de fortalecer medidas de control y prevención.

Introduction: dengue, transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito, is a growing global public health problem, particularly in Cochabamba, where climatic factors and urbanization favor its proliferation. Between 2020 and 2023, cases increased alarmingly, underscoring the need for surveillance and prevention. This study will analyze trends from 2019 to 2024, correlating incidence with rainfall. Methodology: this quantitative, longitudinal, and retrospective study analyzed trends in suspected dengue cases in Cochabamba from 2019 to 2024. It used data from Form 302 of the SNIS Bolivia, covering epidemiological and rainy periods. Descriptive analysis was performed with SPSS and compared with previous studies to validate results and formulate health policies. Results: weekly dengue data in Cochabamba, divided into inter-epidemic and rainy periods, show a significant increase in cases in 2023­2024 (13,940 cases) compared to previous years. The highest peaks are observed during the end of the rainy period, especially in week 21 of 2023-2024, highlighting the seasonality of the disease. Discussion: the analysis of suspected dengue cases in Cochabamba (2019-2024) shows a drastic increase in 2023­2024, with 13,940 cases. This increase may be influenced by climate change, urban growth, and variations in epidemiological surveillance. The peaks are concentrated in the rainy season, emphasizing the need to strengthen control and prevention measures.

Introdução: a dengue, transmitida pelo mosquito Aedes aegypti, é um crescente problema de saúde pública global, especialmente em Cochabamba, onde fatores climáticos e urbanização favorecem sua proliferação. Entre 2020 e 2023, os casos aumentaram alarmantemente, sublinhando a necessidade de vigilância e prevenção. Este estudo analisará as tendências de 2019 a 2024, correlacionando incidência e chuvas. Metodologia: este estudo quantitativo, longitudinal e retrospectivo analisou as tendências de casos suspeitos de dengue em Cochabamba de 2019 a 2024. Utilizou dados do formulário 302 do SNIS Bolívia, abrangendo períodos epidemiológicos e de chuva. Foi realizada análise descritiva com SPSS e comparação com estudos anteriores para validar os resultados e formular políticas de saúde. Resultados: os dados semanais de dengue em Cochabamba, divididos em períodos inter-epidêmicos e de chuvas, mostram um aumento significativo de casos em 2023-2024 (13.940 casos) em comparação com anos anteriores. Os picos mais altos são observados durante o final do período de chuvas, especialmente na semana 21 de 2023-2024, destacando a sazonalidade da doença. Discussão: A análise dos casos suspeitos de dengue em Cochabamba (2019-2024) mostra um aumento drástico em 2023-2024, com 13.940 casos. Este aumento pode estar influenciado pelas mudanças climáticas, crescimento urbano e variações na vigilância epidemiológica. Os picos se concentram durante a temporada de chuvas, sublinhando a necessidade de fortalecer as medidas de controle e prevenção

Relatório Lancet Countdown South America 2023 - saúde e mudanças climáticas: confie na ciência. Agora que sabemos, devemos agir / The 2023 South America report of The Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: trust the science. Now that we know, we must act

O Relatório Lancet Countdown tem feito importantes contribuições ao denunciar os principais agravos à saúde ambiental, graças à ação antropogênica, cada vez mais intensa. O desflorestamento, os incêndios florestais, cada vez mais incontroláveis, a seca, o consumo de combustíveis fósseis, o uso de energia não renovável, propiciam o aparecimento de alterações climáticas caracterizadas por ondas de calor, tempestades cada vez mais intensas, inundações e o consequente comprometimento da saúde dos humanos. A versão Lancet Countdown South America apresenta de forma clara e chocante as alterações no continente e faz chamamento para que essas alterações sejam bloqueadas, pois ainda há tempo.

The Lancet Countdown Report has made significant contributions by exposing the main impacts on environmental health caused primarily by increasingly intense anthropogenic action. Deforestation, increasingly uncontrollable forest fires, drought, fossil fuels, and nonrenewable energy contribute to the onset of climate change. This change is characterized by heat waves, increasingly intense storms, and floods that, consequently, compromise human health. The South America report of The Lancet Countdown highlights the alarming changes occurring in the continent and urges action to stop these changes while there is still time.

Los cambios climáticos: ¿pueden afectar en epilepsia? Revisión del tema con presentación de 2 casos clínicos / Climate change: can it affect epilepsy? Review of the topic with presentation of 2 clinical cases

Muchas enfermedades neurológicas son condiciones crónicas complejas influenciadas en muchos niveles por cambios en el medio ambiente. El cambio climático (CC) se refiere a la gama más amplia de cambios locales, regionales y globales en los patrones climáticos promedio, impulsados principalmente, en los últimos 100 años, por actividades antropogénicas. Diversas variables climáticas se asocian con una mayor frecuencia de convulsiones en personas con epilepsia. Es probable que los riesgos se vean modificados por muchos factores, que van desde la variación genética individual y la función del canal dependiente de la temperatura, hasta la calidad de la vivienda y las cadenas de suministro globales. Los diferentes tipos de epilepsia parecen tener una distinta susceptibilidad a las influencias estacionales. El aumento de la temperatura corporal, ya sea en el contexto de la fiebre o no, tiene un papel crítico en el umbral convulsivo. Es probable que los vínculos entre el cambio climático y la epilepsia sean multifactoriales, complejos y, a menudo, indirectos, lo que dificulta las predicciones. Actualmente necesitamos más datos sobre los posibles riesgos en enfermedades; entre ellas la epilepsia. Se presentan 2 casos clínicos que refieren cambios en la frecuencia de sus crisis en relación a las altas temperaturas registradas.

Many neurological diseases are complex chronic conditions influenced on many levels by changes in the environment. Climate change refers to the widest range of local, regional, and global changes in average weather patterns, driven primarily, over the past 100 years, by anthropogenic activities. Various climatic variables are associated with an increased frequency of seizures in people with epilepsy. Risks are likely to be modified by many factors, ranging from individual genetic variation and temperature-dependent channel function, to housing quality and global supply chains. Different types of epilepsy appear to have different susceptibility to seasonal influences. Increased body temperature, whether in the context of fever or not, plays a critical role in the seizure threshold. The links between climate change and epilepsy are likely to be multifactorial, complex, and often indirect, making predictions difficult. We currently need more data on the possible risks of disease; among them epilepsy. We present 2 clinical cases that refer to changes in the frequency of their seizures in relation to the high temperatures recorded.

Heat waves in the Colombian Caribbean: A public health problem?

A popular belief states that if frog is submerged in a container and gradually heats it up, it will try to adapt until it dies; this is probably the situation faced by more and more human populations. As stated by thousands of scientists, academics, and researchers worldwide, the planet's warming is directly related to climate change.

Correlation Analysis between Hospitalization for Severe Asthma in Adults and Climate Change in a Hospital in Dalian / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the correlation between hospitalization for severe asthma and climate change among adult residents in Dalian. Methods Clinical data of asthma inpatients in Dalian First Affiliated Hospital from January to December 2022 were collected, and assigned into severe asthma group and non-severe asthma group according to the diagnostic criteria of severe asthma. Spirometer was used for the measurement of (forced expiratory volume in the first second , FEV1) and (forced vital capacity , FVC), and the serum white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level were measured by biochemical analyzer. Meantime, meteorological parameters including monthly average temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and duration of sunshine hours were also collected. Then Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to discuss the correlation between the number of hospitalizations for severe asthma and meteorological parameters. Of the 260 asthma patients, 153 had severe asthma and 107 had non-severe asthma. There were 85 male and 68 female patients with severe asthma. The onset age distribution of severe asthma was concentrated at 60-79 years old, with 94 cases, followed by 50-59 years old (n=26). The peak time of onset in each year was from March to May, with 14, 19 and 16 cases, respectively. The secondary peak was from November to January, with 15, 18 and 13 cases, and there were fewer hospital admissions from June to October. FEV1 and FEV1/FVC values were smaller in severe asthma group than in non-severe asthma group, while the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels were higher than those in non severe asthma group (P0.05), but was negatively correlated with average temperature and humidity (P<0.05). Conclusion The number of hospital admissions for severe asthma in Dalian varies with the seasons, therefore, early and active interventions are of great value in preventing severe asthma in months with high variations in temperature and humidity.

Morphometry of the wings of Anopheles aquasalis in simulated scenarios of climate change

ABSTRACT Background: Climate change has significant implications on ecosystems. We verified the effects of climate change on the malaria vector Anopheles aquasalis using simulated climate change scenarios (SSCCs). Methods: An experimental model was designed for SSCCs, which composed of air-conditioned 25 m3 rooms. Results: The wing size was significantly different between SSCCs. A colony of Anopheles aquasalis could not be established in extreme scenarios. Conclusions: Increases in temperature and CO2 in the atmosphere may modify the global epidemiology of malaria, marking its emergence in currently malaria-free areas.

Contribuições dos Saberes Indígenas para a Reterritorialização da Psicologia Social / Contributions of Indigenous Knowledge to the Reterritorialization of Social Psychology

Objetivo Este artigo propõe repensar a psicologia social a partir dos saberes indígenas, considerando que eles interrogam as políticas de subjetivação derivadas da concepção binária de natureza e cultura que fundamenta a modernidade. Método Trata-se de um artigo teórico que analisa as contribuições indígenas para a descolonização do pensamento psicológico, considerando o contexto das mudanças climáticas. É problematizada a abrangência do que se entende como social, assim como a quem a subjetividade é atribuída ou não na psicologia. Resultados A psicologia reproduz as dicotomias ocidentais ao basear-se numa natureza fixa, externa a si, cujo social é concebido a partir do excepcionalismo humano. Para os povos que compreendem a vida como efeito de relacionalidades entre seres humanos e não-humanos, essas categorias não fazem o menor sentido. Conclusão A complexidade dos saberes e o protagonismo indígena frente às lutas por terra e território num contexto de mudanças climáticas apontam para a urgência de reterritorialização da psicologia social.

Objective This article proposes to rethink social psychology based on indigenous knowledge, considering that it interrogates the policies of subjectivation derived from the binary conception of nature and culture that underpins modernity. Method This is a theoretical article that analyzes indigenous contributions to the decoloniza-tion of psychological thought, considering the context of climate change. The scope of what is understood as social is problematized, as well as to whom subjectivity is attributed or not in psychology. Results Psychology reproduces Western dichotomies by being based on a fixed nature, ex-ternal to itself, whose social nature is conceived based on human exceptionalism. For people who understand life as the effect of relationalities between human and non-human beings, these categories do not make any sense. Conclusion The complexity of knowledge and indigenous protagonism in the fight for land and territory in a context of climate change point to the urgency of reterritorializing social psychology.

Forest yield prediction under different climate change scenarios using data intelligent models in Pakistan

Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate data driven models for prediction of forest yield under different climate change scenarios in the Gallies forest division of district Abbottabad, Pakistan. The Random Forest (RF) and Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) models were developed and evaluated using yield data of two species (Blue pine and Silver fir) as an objective variable and climate data (temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed) as predictive variables. Prediction accuracy of both the models were assessed by means of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (r), relative root mean squared error (RRMSE), Legates-McCabes (LM), Willmotts index (WI) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) metrics. Overall, the RF model outperformed the KRR model due to its higher accuracy in forecasting of forest yield. The study strongly recommends that RF model should be applied in other regions of the country for prediction of forest growth and yield, which may help in the management and future planning of forest productivity in Pakistan.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar modelos baseados em dados para previsão da produção florestal em diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas na divisão florestal Gallies do distrito de Abbottabad, Paquistão. Os modelos Random Forest (RF) e Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) foram desenvolvidos e avaliados usando dados de produção de duas espécies (pinheiro-azul e abeto-prateado) como uma variável objetiva e dados climáticos (temperatura, umidade, precipitação e velocidade do vento) como preditivos variáveis. A precisão da previsão de ambos os modelos foi avaliada por meio de erro quadrático médio (RMSE), erro absoluto médio (MAE), coeficiente de correlação (r), erro quadrático médio relativo (RRMSE), Legates-McCabes (LM), índice de Willmott (WI) e métricas Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE). No geral, o modelo RF superou o modelo KRR devido à sua maior precisão na previsão do rendimento florestal. O estudo recomenda fortemente que o modelo RF seja aplicado em outras regiões do país para previsão do crescimento e produtividade florestal, o que pode ajudar no manejo e planejamento futuro da produtividade florestal no Paquistão.

Forest yield prediction under different climate change scenarios using data intelligent models in Pakistan / Previsão de produção florestal em diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas usando modelos inteligentes de dados no Paquistão

Abstract This study aimed to develop and evaluate data driven models for prediction of forest yield under different climate change scenarios in the Gallies forest division of district Abbottabad, Pakistan. The Random Forest (RF) and Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) models were developed and evaluated using yield data of two species (Blue pine and Silver fir) as an objective variable and climate data (temperature, humidity, rainfall and wind speed) as predictive variables. Prediction accuracy of both the models were assessed by means of root mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (r), relative root mean squared error (RRMSE), Legates-McCabe's (LM), Willmott's index (WI) and Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE) metrics. Overall, the RF model outperformed the KRR model due to its higher accuracy in forecasting of forest yield. The study strongly recommends that RF model should be applied in other regions of the country for prediction of forest growth and yield, which may help in the management and future planning of forest productivity in Pakistan.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e avaliar modelos baseados em dados para previsão da produção florestal em diferentes cenários de mudanças climáticas na divisão florestal Gallies do distrito de Abbottabad, Paquistão. Os modelos Random Forest (RF) e Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) foram desenvolvidos e avaliados usando dados de produção de duas espécies (pinheiro-azul e abeto-prateado) como uma variável objetiva e dados climáticos (temperatura, umidade, precipitação e velocidade do vento) como preditivos variáveis. A precisão da previsão de ambos os modelos foi avaliada por meio de erro quadrático médio (RMSE), erro absoluto médio (MAE), coeficiente de correlação (r), erro quadrático médio relativo (RRMSE), Legates-McCabe's (LM), índice de Willmott (WI) e métricas Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE). No geral, o modelo RF superou o modelo KRR devido à sua maior precisão na previsão do rendimento florestal. O estudo recomenda fortemente que o modelo RF seja aplicado em outras regiões do país para previsão do crescimento e produtividade florestal, o que pode ajudar no manejo e planejamento futuro da produtividade florestal no Paquistão.

Enfermedades emergentes, pobreza y hambre / Emerging diseases, poverty and hunger

La pobreza y el hambre son elementos significativos para la prevalencia de las enfermedades emergentes, además de la ignorancia, la indigencia, las falencias sanitarias y los cambios ambientales debidos al calentamiento global. La desnutrición es consecuencia de la pobreza y ésta es causa de desnutrición. Los niños que viven en condiciones de mayor vulnerabilidad tienen un riesgo alto de morir por diarrea, neumonía y enfermedades emergentes. La mayoría son desnutridos. Su futuro en la adultez guarda relación con la desnutrición en la infancia. En el mundo 820 millones de niños padecen hambre y mueren anualmente 3 millones de menores de 5 años, según datos del Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia. En Argentina, según datos del segundo semestre de 2022, un 39,2% de la población es pobre (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos). El 15,5% de niños y adolescentes padecen inseguridad alimentaria y 2 millones de niños padecen hambre (Médicos sin Fronteras). La tasa de mortalidad infantil en menores de 5 años tiene una prevalencia del 0,4%. Los cambios climáticos ejercen influencia sobre la salud, produciendo cambios en la epidemiologia de las enfermedades emergentes, mientras que la insuficiente alimentación ocasiona efectos negativos sobre la salud. El calentamiento global aumenta las inundaciones y las sequías, incidiendo en la escasez de alimentos e incrementando las enfermedades emergentes. La situación debe ser revertida mediante el desarrollo sostenido de la educación, el bienestar social y los proyectos sanitarios. (AU)

Poverty and hunger are significant elements for the prevalence of emerging diseases, in addition to ignorance, indigence, sanitary deficiencies and environmental changes due to global warming. Malnutrition is a consequence of poverty and poverty is a cause of malnutrition. Children living in more vulnerable conditions are at greater risk of dying from diarrhea, pneumonia and emerging diseases. Most are malnourished. Their future in adulthood is related to malnutrition in childhood. Worldwide, 820 million children suffer from hunger and 3 million children under 5 die annually (United Nations Children's Fund). In Argentina, according to data from the second half of 2022, 39.2% of the population is poor (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos). 15.5% of children and adolescents are food insecure and 2 million children are hungry (Médecins Sans Frontières). The infant mortality rate in children under 5 years of age has a prevalence of 0.4%. Climate change influences health, producing changes in the epidemiology of emerging diseases, while insufficient food has negative effects on health. Global warming increases floods and droughts, leading to food shortages and increasing emerging diseases. The situation must be reversed through sustained development of education, social welfare and health projects. (AU)

Primer registro de Psilocybe cubensis en un ambiente natural de Chile / First record of Psilocybe cubensis from a natural habitat in Chile

Psilocybe cubensiso también llamado hongo San Isidro, es un basidiomicete de distribución amplia que se encuentra por lo general en zonas de clima tropical y subtropical. Aquí se describe el primer registro de esta especie psicotrópica en condiciones naturales para Chile, desde una zona rural de clima de transición entre mediterráneo y templado. Se discuten los posibles causantes de esta extensión geográfica de la especie.(AU)

Psilocybe cubensis, also known as San Isidro, is a widely distributed basidiomycete, generally found in tropical and subtropical climate zones. Here, we describe the first record of this psychotropic speciesin natural conditions for Chile, from a rural environment in the transition zone between mediterranean and temperate climate. Possible causes for thisgeographic expansion of the species arediscussed.(AU)

Representaciones sobre el cuidado de enfermería en contexto de crisis ambiental en el currículo de pregrado / Representations about Nursing Care within the Undergraduate Curriculum in the Context of an Environmental Crisis

Introducción: Se ha sugerido que la crisis ambiental es una de las mayores amenazas para la salud pública. Sin embargo, se presta poca atención a este fenómeno en la formación de profesionales de la salud. Objetivo: Identificar las representaciones sociales sobre la enseñanza-aprendizaje del cuidado de enfermería en el contexto de crisis ambiental global, desde la perspectiva de enfermeras docentes universitarios en Chile. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo, hermenéutico, delineado por medio de las representaciones sociales en su enfoque procesual. El método de producción de información resultó la entrevista enfocada. El muestreo fue teórico y el tamaño de la muestra se determinó por criterio de saturación (n = 15). Se realizó triangulación de fuentes y se utilizó el análisis de contenido cualitativo inductivo. Resultados: Emergieron tres líneas temáticas: 1. Cambio climático y medio ambiente en el currículo; 2. Oportunidades en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de cambio climático y medio ambiente, con cuatro categorías: sensibilidad de los estudiantes frente a temas medioambientales; motivaciones personales del docente, asignaturas facilitadoras y políticas institucionales; y 3. Barreras en la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de cambio climático y medio ambiente, con tres categorías: modelo biomédico, resistencia al cambio y escases de interdisciplinariedad. Conclusiones: Los temas relacionados con la crisis ambiental global no están considerados en los currículos de enfermería, y se incluyen en las asignaturas solo cuando hay interés por parte del docente(AU)

Introduction: The environmental crisis has been suggested to be one of the greatest threats to public health. However, this phenomenon is given little attention during the training of health professionals. Objective: To identify the social representations about the teaching-learning of nursing care in the context of the global environmental crisis, from the perspective of university teaching nurses in Chile. Methods: A qualitative, descriptive and hermeneutic study was carried out, with a process-based approach using social representations. The method for producing information was the focused interview. The sampling was theoretical and the sample size was determined by saturation criteria (n=15). Triangulation of sources was performed and inductive qualitative content analysis was used. Results: Three thematic lines appeared: 1. climate change and environment within the curriculum; 2. opportunities as part of teaching and learning about climate change and environment (including four categories: students' sensitivity towards environmental issues, professors' personal motivations, facilitating subjects, and institutional policies); and 3. obstacles in teaching and learning about climate change and environment (including three categories: biomedical model, resistance to change, and scarcity of interdisciplinarity). Conclusions: Topics related to the global environmental crisis are not considered within the nursing curriculums; they are included in subjects only when the professors are interested in doing so(AU)

Intervención educativa sobre cambio climático en estudiantes de medicina / Educational Intervention about Climate Change with Medical Students

Introducción: El cambio climático constituye un peligro inminente para la salud humana y ambiental global. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de un programa educativo para modificar conocimientos sobre cambio climático en estudiantes de medicina. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cuasiexperimental de intervención educativa. El universo estuvo constituido por 52 estudiantes de medicina del Policlínico Docente Manuel González Díaz, en Bahía Honda, provincia Artemisa, en el período de enero a diciembre de 2022; y la muestra, por 37 estudiantes de medicina de tercero a quinto año que dieron su consentimiento para participar en la investigación. Se aplicó un cuestionario inicial para evaluar conocimientos sobre el tema, se identificaron las necesidades de aprendizaje y, posteriormente, se diseñó el programa educativo por seis semanas. Finalmente, se evaluó su impacto. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial para realizar la tabulación de datos. Resultados: La mayoría de los estudiantes antes de la intervención poseían bajos conocimientos sobre la temática, tenían un concepto restringido sobre cambio climático, sus consecuencias y a quiénes impactará mayormente. Algunos desconocían las políticas nacionales y los planes estratégicos que actualmente se están implementando en el país. Aunque la mayoría tenía un sentido de preocupación y de importancia ante este tema, mostraron desconocimiento en las acciones que de alguna manera realizaban para cuidar el medio ambiente. Conclusiones: El programa educativo implementado logró corregir las deficiencias. Una vez más se puso de manifiesto la significación de la labor educativa para promover salud(AU)

Introduction: Climate change is an impending danger to human and global environmental health. Objective: To assess the effectiveness of an educational program to modify knowledge about climate change in medical students. Methods: A quasiexperimental study of educational intervention was conducted. The study universe was made up of 52 medical students from Policlínico Docente Manuel González Díaz, in Bahía Honda Municipality, Artemisa province, in the period from January to December 2022. The sample consisted of 37 medical students from third to fifth academic years who gave their consent to participate in the research. An initial questionnaire was applied to assess knowledge on the subject, their learning needs were identified and, subsequently, the educational program was designed to be applied in six weeks. Finally, its impact was assessed. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data tabulation. Results: Most of the students, before the intervention, had little knowledge about the subject, had a restricted concept of climate change, its consequences and who will be most impacted by it. Some were unaware of the national policies and strategic plans currently being implemented in the country. Although most of the respondents had a sense of concern and importance with respect to this issue, they showed lack of knowledge regarding the actions that they somehow did to care for the environment. Conclusions: The implemented educational program was successful in correcting the deficiencies. Once again, the significance of the educational work to promote health became evident(AU)

Impacto de la superación profesional en la meteoro labilidad de la enfermedad cerebrovascular / Climate change and cardiovascular disease: impact of professional development

Introducción: La enfermedad cerebrovascular (ECV) es una urgencia neurológica que en ocasiones se encuentra influenciada por los cambios del tiempo. La ECV isquémica es una emergencia médica con una ventana estrecha para su diagnóstico y tratamiento. El daño generado por esta enfermedad se estima mediante de la mortalidad, discapacidad e impacto social. Objetivo: Proponer un programa de capacitación basado en los efectos fisiopatológicos que provocan en los pacientes, cambios de tiempo y ritmo circadiano en el contexto de la adaptación al cambio climático. Método: Se desarrolló un estudio multietápico prospectivo en el Hospital Universitario Mártires del 9 de Abril del municipio Sagua la Grande entre los años 1993 a 2017. En la primera etapa se seleccionó un universo de 52 profesionales de la salud que atendieron a estos pacientes; en la segunda, 48 y en la tercera, 61. Resultados: El nivel de conocimiento del personal de salud en una primera etapa era inadecuado (78,85 %); en la tercera, este porcentaje disminuyó (14,75 %). Como resultado de la capacitación mejoraron los tiempos de atención a los pacientes con ECV a su llegada al hospital, y en la tercera, más del 50 % de los enfermos fueron atendidos antes de las seis horas de inicio de los síntomas. Conclusiones: La capacitación sobre ECV basada en los efectos fisiopatológicos que provocan en los pacientes el cambio climático y el ritmo circadiano disminuyó el tiempo de espera, y se asoció con una reducción de la morbilidad y la mortalidad, después de aplicar este programa.

Introduction: cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is a neurological emergency that is sometimes influenced by climate changes. Ischemic CVD is a medical emergency with a narrow window for diagnosis and treatment. The damage generated by this disease is estimated through mortality, disability and social impact. Objective: to propose a training program based on the pathophysiological effects in patients caused by changes in time and circadian rhythm in the context of adaptation to climate change. Methods: a multistage prospective study was conducted at "Mártires del 9 de Abril" University Hospital in Sagua la Grande municipality between 1993 and 2017. A universe of health professionals who cared for these patients was selected as follows: 52 in the first stage; 48 in the second stage, and 61 in the third ones. Results: the level of knowledge of health personnel in the first stage was inadequate (78.85%); this percentage decreased in the third stage (14.75%). Care times for CVD patients improved upon arrival at the hospital as a result of the training, as well as in the third ones, more than 50% of the patients were seen within six hours of the onset of symptoms. Conclusions: CVD training based on the pathophysiological effects of climate change and circadian rhythm on patients decreased waiting time, and was associated with reduced morbidity and mortality, after applying this program.