A study of the rehabilitation effects of a multi-factor intervention based on the Finnish model of prevention of cognitive impairment in the elderly on patients with cognitive impairment after first-episode stroke / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the rehabilitation effect of multi-factor intervention based on the Finnish model of prevention of cognitive impairment in the elderly on patients with cognitive impairment after first-episode stroke, and to provide reference for rehabilitation nursing of cognitive impairment after stroke.Methods:The quasi-experiment research scheme was adopted and convenience sampling method was used to select participants with first-episode stroke cognitive impairment hospitalized in the General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University Airport Site. The 50 patients admitted from January to June 2022 were selected as the control group, and 50 patients admitted from July to December 2022 were selected as the intervention group. The control group received routine rehabilitation nursing and health education, and the intervention group received the Finnish model of prevention of cognitive impairment in the elderly on patients before discharge on the basis of the control group. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Health Education Compliance Assessment Scale for Stroke Patients were used to evaluate the changes of overall cognitive function and rehabilitation compliance before intervention, 3 and 6 months after intervention.Results:The final control group included 49 cases, including 35 males and 14 females, aged (64.67 ± 7.47) years old; the intervention group included 50 cases, 32 males and 18 females, aged (66.68 ± 8.75) years old. Before intervention, there were no significant differences in overall cognitive function and compliance of rehabilitation score ( P>0.05). At 3 and 6 months after intervention, the overall cognitive function score, the total score on compliance of rehabilitation, dimension scores of diet compliance, exercise rehabilitation compliance and health behavior compliance of the intervention group were (26.36±2.36) , (125.96 ± 13.80) , (23.30 ± 5.26) , (27.72 ± 4.46) , (43.66 ± 6.80) and (27.26 ± 3.71) , (152.44 ± 9.06) , (30.12 ± 6.42) , (33.32 ± 3.02) , (52.36 ± 4.70) , respectively. They were higher than the control group (24.04 ± 4.50) , (116.67 ± 10.26) , (19.31 ± 3.95) , (25.29 ± 3.45) , (40.59 ± 4.33) and (24.27 ± 4.33) , (138.92 ± 16.71) , (24.20 ± 4.48) , (30.00 ± 5.53) , (47.65 ± 8.03) , and the differences had statistical significance ( t values were -5.31- -2.67, all P<0.05). According to the variance analysis of repeated measurement, intergroup and time factor, the interaction between groups and time had significant impact on general cognitive function score, the total score of rehabilitation compliance, the dimension scores of diet, exercise rehabilitation and health behavior compliance ( Fgroup values were 8.33-18.08, Ftime values were 135.71-944.69, Finteraction values were 5.46-27.30, all P<0.05) . Time factor had significant impact on patient medication adherence score ( Ftime=206.23, P<0.05) . Conclusions:Multi-factor intervention based on the Finnish model of prevention of cognitive impairment in the elderly can improve the overall cognitive function and rehabilitation compliance of patients with cognitive impairment after first-episode stroke.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between first-episode and relapse of major depressive disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To describe demographic,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment between first-episode major depressive disorder(MDD)and relapse MDD,and to explore characteristics of relapse MDD.Methods:Totally 858 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for depression of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fifth Edition(DSM-5),were included by using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview(MINI),Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity,and Hamilton Depression Scale etc.Among them,529(58.6％)were first-episode depression and 329(36.0％)were relapsed.The differences of demographic characteristics,clinical and physiological characteristics,treatment were compared byx2test and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test.Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the characteristics of MDD recur-rence.Results:Compared to first-episode MDD,relapse MDD had more comorbidity(OR=2.11,95％CI:1.00-4.44),more days out of role(OR=1.26,95％CI:1.01-1.56),more history of using psychiatric drug more than one month(OR=1.41,95％CI:1.02-1.97)and electroconvulsive therapy(OR=3.23,95％CI:1.42-7.36),and higher waist-hip ratio(OR=33.88,95％CI:2.88-399.32).Conclusion:Relapse MDD has positive as-sociation with comorbidity of mental disorders,out of role,and higher waist-hip ratio.

A review of treatment delay for first-episode schizophrenia,first-episode major depressive disorder and first-episode bipolar disorder / 中国心理卫生杂志

This paper aims to review treatment delay in first-episode schizophrenia,depression,and bipolar disorder,and to compare related factors of treatment delay in the three first-episode mental disorders.It is found that increased patient responsibility,stigma,lack of disease-related knowledge,lack of access to resources,and insuffi-cient medical support lead to delay treatment,and making patients to have longer course,heavier symptoms,and lower social functions.

A qualitative study of family caregivers'experiences of caring for adolescents with first-episode depression / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To explore the care experience of caregivers of adolescents with first-episode depres-sion.Methods:Nine family caregivers of adolescent with first-episode depression were enrolled.A qualitative re-search was carried out,and semi-structured interviews were performed to investigate the caregivers'opinion of de-pressive disorder,emotional state,caring experiences and dilemma,coping strategy,and support requirements.The data were analyzed,summarized and distilled by using the Colaizzi phenomenological 7-step analysis.Results:Four kinds of first order themes of caring experiences(complex caring experience,heavy burden of care,yearn for sup-port,achieved post-traumatic growth)were extracted,including 10 kinds of second order themes,namely shock and disbelief,pessimism and helplessness,guilt and stigma,inefficient coping strategy,impaired physical and mental health,heavy economic burden,family relationship tension,changed personal role,lack of medical support,dying to be admitted by society.Conclusion:Family caregivers of adolescent with first-episode depression may have obvious negative emotions,which faced with caring dilemma such as impaired health status or heavy economic burden,and urgently need professional resources and social support.

DCE-MRI features of cognitive dysfunction in patients with first-episode stroke and their diagnostic value / 中国医学物理学杂志

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)parameters for cognitive dysfunction in first-episode stroke,thereby providing reference for the early clinical assessment of the risk of cognitive dysfunction in stroke and formulation of intervention programs.Methods A total of 122 patients with first-episode stroke were enrolled and divided into occurrence group(n=53)and non-occurrence group(n=69)according to whether they had cognitive dysfunction.Additionally,53 patients with non-cerebrovascular cognitive dysfunction were selected as control group.All patients underwent DCE-MRI examination after admission.The 3 groups and patients with different degrees of cognitive dysfunction were compared for DCE-MRI parameters,including interstitium-to-plasma rate constant(Kep),volume transfer constant(Ktrans),volume fraction of extravascular extracellular space(Ve),and volume fraction of plasma(Vp).The correlations of DCE-MRI parameters with the degree of cognitive dysfunction were analyzed,along with their diagnostic value for cognitive dysfunction and evaluation value for the risk of cognitive dysfunction after first-episode stroke.Results Both occurrence group and non-occurrence group had higher levels of Ktrans,Ve and Vp than control group,and these parameters were higher in occurrence group than non-occurrence group(P<0.05).Ktrans,Ve and Vp of patients with different degrees of cognitive dysfunction differed significantly(P<0.05),and they were increased significantly with the aggravation of cognitive dysfunction.Ktrans,Ve and Vp were all positively correlated with the degree of cognitive dysfunction (P<0.05). The AUC for the combined diagnosis using Ktrans, Ve and Vp was 0.921, significantly higher than single index (P<0.05). The risks of cognitive dysfunction in first-episode stroke patients with higher levels of Ktrans, Ve and Vp were 3.077, 1.944 and 2.313 times of the low-level, respectively. Conclusion DCE-MRI can be used to diagnose cognitive dysfunction in first-episode stroke, providing reference for early clinical prediction of cognitive dysfunction after stroke.

Relationship between serum sTfR and FGF22 levels and clinical symptoms in first-episode schizophrenia patients and their diagnostic value / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of soluble transferrin receptor(sTfR)and fibroblast growth factor 22(FGF22)in serum of first-episode schizophrenia(FES)patients,analyze the relationship be-tween the two and the clinical symptoms of FES patients,and analyze their diagnostic value.Methods A total of 97 FES patients diagnosed in the hospital from March 2021 to February 2023 were regarded as the FES group,during the same period,96 healthy volunteers who came to this hospital for physical examination were regarded as the control group.Immunotransmission turbidimetry was applied to detect the level of sTfR,en-zyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the level of FGF22,Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between the levels of sTfR and FGF22 in the serum of FES patients and Pos-itive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS)score and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test(WCST)results,and re-ceiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the clinical diagnostic value of levels of sTfR and FGF22 for FES.Results There were no obvious differences between the two groups in terms of gender,age,body mass index,years of education,history of alcohol consumption,and smoking history(P>0.05).Compared with the control group,the serum levels of sTfR and FGF22 in the FES group were obvious-ly lower(P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of sTfR for diagnosing FES alone was 0.835,with the cut off value of 4.606 mg/L,the AUC of FGF22 for diagnosing FES alone was 0.772,with the cut off value of 208.333 μg/L,the AUC of the combination of the two(0.921)was obviously higher than that of sTfR alone(Z=2.613,P=0.009),and that of FGF22 alone(Z=5.140,P<0.001).The PANSS positive symptom score,negative symptom score,pathological symptom score,total score,WCST persistent errors,and incorrect responses in the high sTfR level group and high FGF22 group were lower than those in the low sTfR group and low FGF22 group(P<0.05),while the number of WCST completed classifications and WCST correct re-sponses were higher than those in the low sTfR group and low FGF22 group(P<0.05).The levels of sTfR and FGF22 in the FES group were negatively correlated with PANSS positive symptom score,negative symp-tom score,pathological symptom score,total score,WCST persistent errors,and WCST incorrect responses(P<0.05),and positively correlated with the number of WCST completed classifications and WCST correct responses(P<0.05).Conclusion The levels of sTfR and FGF22 in the serum of FES patients are obviously decreased.Combined detection of sTfR and FGF22 levels is of great significance for the clinical diagnosis of FES.

Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: Surgery for the First Occurrence? An Early Experience from Nepal

Background: Primary spontaneous pneumothorax (PSP) is a common thoracic surgical emergency affecting otherwise healthy young individuals. Its treatment options range from observation to surgery in the form of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Surgery, generally reserved for recurrence, is gradually being utilized for certain patients presenting with PSP for the first time. In this study, we aim to report our experience of VATS in the surgical management of first episodes of PSP. Methods: A retrospective review of prospectively maintained data on all the patients undergoing surgical management during the first presentation of PSP, over a period of 10 years, was done. Results: Over the period of 10 years, out of 95 patients who underwent thoracoscopic bullectomy for pneumothorax, a total of 42 patients had presented with PSP for the first time. Most (54%) were aged 20–40 years, with male predominance (83%); right-sided (69%); commonest symptom was shortness of breath (83.3%) with a median duration of symptoms of 5.9 days. Apical bullae were the commonest computed tomographic finding (88%). Majority of the patients underwent VATS via three ports, and multiple apical bullae were the most common intraoperative findings. Four patients (9.5%) had an air leak postoperatively, managed conservatively. Average intensive care unit stay was 23 hours; average chest tube duration was 3.6 days; and the average hospital stay was 8.2 days. There was no 30-day mortality and no recurrences were noted during a median follow-up of 2 years. Conclusion: Our initial experience with surgery for the first episode of PSP has been shown to be safe and effective. Larger and more robust studies with longer follow-ups would be necessary to better delineate the role of surgery in such patients.

The clinical symptoms and neurocognitive impairment of first-episode deficit and nondeficit subtype of schizophrenia / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To ulteriorly explore the differences of psychotic symptoms and neurocognitive between patients with first-episode deficit subtype of schizophrenia (FDS) and patients with first-episode nondeficit subtype of schizophrenia (FNDS).Methods:From January 2021 to September 2021, a total of 88 first-episode treatment-naive schizophrenia were recruited from the Mental Health Center of West China Hospital and divided into FDS group( n=44) and FNDS group( n=44) according to the schedule for the deficit syndrome (SDS), and 44 healthy subjects were included as healthy control group (HC group, n=44). Positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) was used to assess psychotic symptoms of patients and Wechsler adult intelligence scale, trail making test and logic memory test were used to evaluate intelligence quotient and neurocognitive function of all subjects.SPSS 22.0 was used for statistical analysis, and independent samples t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to compare variables that met normal distribution, while the Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis H test were used to compare variables that did not meet normal distribution. Results:(1) There were significant differences in psychotic symptoms between the FDS group and the FNDS group.Compared with the FNDS group, the FDS group had higher total score of PANSS ((95.95±16.82) vs (88.39±16.29)), negative symptoms ((27.57±7.52) vs (16.57±5.76)) and anergastic reaction ((13.43±3.82) vs (7.00(5.00, 9.00)), and lower positive symptoms scores ((21.95±6.88) vs (25.41±6.07)), activation ((8.00(5.00, 9.00) vs (9.27±3.47)), depression ((5.50(4.00, 9.00) vs (8.00(6.00, 12.00)) and supplementary item ((13.60±4.17) vs (17.30±5.39))(all P<0.05). (2) There were differences in neurocognitive functions between FDS group and FNDS group, and which in FDS and FNDS group were worse than that in HC group.Spatial memory (block design test: (23.70±11.05) vs (31.72±11.49)) and information processing speed (digit symbol test: (38.38±15.85) vs (47.97±14.99)) of FDS group were significantly lower than those of FNDS group(both P<0.05). Intelligence quotient, information processing speed and spatial memory of FDS group and FNDS group were lower than those of HC group(all P<0.05). Conclusion:FDS patients has more severe negative symptoms and anergastic reaction, and exit worse information processing speed and spatial memory dysfunction than FNDS patients.This unique pattern of impairment suggests that information processing speed and spatial memory may be important classification indicators for differentiating the deficit subtype of schizophrenia in the early stage.

Comparison of serum kynurenine pathway metabolites between patients with first-episode and recurrent major depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of depression remains not fully understood， and previous studies have suggested that the kynurenine pathway （KP） plays an important role in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. ObjectiveTo study the difference in serum KP metabolites level between patients with first-episode and recurrent major depressive disorder， and to testify the correlation between KP metabolites level with the severity of depressive symptoms， so as to provide references for the prevention of recurrence. MethodsA total of 136 patients with major depressive disorder who attended the outpatient clinics of the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from November 2016 to December 2018 and met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） diagnostic criteria were included， including 62 patients in the first-episode group and 74 patients in the recurrent group. Meanwhile， 60 healthy subjects were included as control group. All patients were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17）， and serum concentrations of tryptophan （TRP）， kynurenine （KYN） and kynurenic acid （KYNA） were measured by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS）. Then the correlation of HAMD-17 total score and individual item scores with the levels of KP metabolites was tested using partial correlation coefficient. ResultsCompared with the control group， the first-episode group and recurrent group showed a marked decline in TRP concentration （t=-3.044， -4.477， P<0.05 or 0.01） and an increase in KYN/TRP ratio （t=2.343， 3.644， P<0.05 or 0.01）， with significant differences. The KYNA concentrations （t=2.490， 2.636， P<0.05 or 0.01） and KYNA/KYN ratio （t=2.894， 2.616， P<0.01） in first-episode group and control group were notably elevated compared to recurrent group， with statistical difference. Partial correlation analysis in patients with first-episode major depressive disorder demonstrated that KYN/TRP ratio was positively correlated with the HAMD-17 anxiety/somatization factor score （r=0.261， P<0.05）， and KYNA/KYN ratio was negatively correlated with HAMD-17 total score and block factor score （r=-0.286， -0.282， P<0.05）. In patients with recurrent major depressive disorder， KYN/TRP ratio was positively correlated with HAMD-17 anxiety/somatization factor score （r=0.280， P<0.05）. ConclusionKP metabolites in serum differ between first-episode and recurrent major depressive disorder patients， and patients with recurrent episodes experience severe KP metabolite abnormalities. Therefore， KP metabolites are considered to be potential biomarker candidates to assist clinicians in the diagnosis and recurrent prediction of major depressive disorder. ［Funded by National Key Research and Development Program Precision Medicine Research Project （number， 2016YFC0906300）］

Lifetime cannabis use and childhood trauma increase risk of psychosis in carriers of CNR1 genetic variants: findings from the STREAM study

Objectives: Gene-environment interactions increase the risk of psychosis. The objective of this study was to investigate gene-gene and gene-environment interactions in psychosis, including single nucleotide variants (SNVs) of dopamine-2 receptor (D2R), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1R), lifetime cannabis use, and childhood trauma. Methods: Twenty-three SNVs of genes encoding D2R (DRD2: rs1799978, rs7131056, rs6275), NMDAR (GRIN1: rs4880213, rs11146020; GRIN2A: rs1420040, rs11866328; GRIN2B: rs890, rs2098469, rs7298664), and CB1R (CNR1: rs806380, rs806379, rs1049353, rs6454674, rs1535255, rs2023239, rs12720071, rs6928499, rs806374, rs7766029, rs806378, rs10485170, rs9450898) were genotyped in 143 first-episode psychosis patients (FEPp) and 286 community-based controls by Illumina HumanCoreExome-24 BeadChip. Gene-gene and gene-environment associations were assessed using nonparametric Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction software. Results: Single-locus analyses among the 23 SNVs for psychosis and gene-gene interactions were not significant (p > 0.05 for all comparisons); however, both environmental risk factors showed an association with psychosis (p < 0.001). Moreover, gene-environment interactions were significant for an SNV in CNR1 and cannabis use. The best-performing model was the combination of CNR1 rs12720071 and lifetime cannabis use (p < 0.001), suggesting an increased risk of psychosis. Conclusion: Our study supports the hypothesis of gene-environment interactions for psychosis involving T-allele carriers of CNR1 SNVs, childhood trauma, and cannabis use.

Comparison of P300 and serum FGF22 levels between cognitive impairment patients with first-episode and recurrent depression and their relations with cognitive function and serum inflammatory factors / 中华神经医学杂志

Objective:To compare the differences of event-related potential P300 and serum fibroblast growth factor 22 (FGF22) levels in cognitive impairment patients with first-episode and recurrent depression, and analyze the relations of each index with cognitive function and serum inflammatory factors.Methods:From June 2020 to April 2021, 45 cognitive impairment patients with first-episode depression (first-episode group) and 42 cognitive impairment patients with recurrent depression (recurrence group) were selected from our hospital. P300 examination was performed and serum FGF22, interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent experiment (ELISA). The differences in clinical data, P300 examination results, and serum FGF22, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were compared between the two groups. The correlations of P300 amplitude and latency and serum FGF22 level with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and IL-6 and TNF-α levels were analyzed.Results:As compared with the first-episode group, the recurrence group had significantly decreased MoCA scores, P300 amplitude and serum FGF22 level, and statistically increased P300 latency and IL-6 and TNF-α levels ( P<0.05). Correlation analysis showed that P300 amplitude and serum FGF22 level were positively correlated with MoCA scores, and negatively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α levels ( P<0.05); P300 latency was negatively correlated with MoCA scores, and positively correlated with IL-6 and TNF-α levels ( P<0.05). Conclusion:P300 amplitude and latency and serum FGF22 level are different between cognitive impairment patients with first-episode and recurrent depression, and they are correlated with the cognitive function and serum inflammatory factors.

Therapeutic effects of risperidone combined with olanzapine on first-episode schizophrenia in 30 patients / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of risperidone combined with olanzapine in the treatment of first-episode schizophrenia and its effects on serum homocysteine level and cognitive function.Methods:Sixty patients with first-episode schizophrenia who received treatment in Yiwu Mental Health Center from May 2017 to May 2018 were included in this study. They were randomly assigned to receive either olanzapine (control group, n = 30) or olanzapine and risperidone (observation group, n = 30) treatment. All patients received 4 weeks of treatment. We compared serum homocysteine level, cognitive function, and clinical efficacy between the two groups. Results:There was no significant difference in serum homocysteine level pre-treatment between the two groups ( P > 0.05). Serum homocysteine level post-treatment was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group [(13.59 ± 2.61) mmol/L vs. (15.83 ± 2.58) mmol/L, t = 3.34, P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in the scores of each cognitive function item pre-treatment between the two groups (all P > 0.05). The scores of each cognitive function item post-treatment in the observation group was (15.06 ± 2.28) points, (21.18 ± 3.26) points, (44.39 ± 4.42) points, (40.63 ± 6.27) points, which were significantly superior to those in the control group [(13.31 ± 2.04) points, (19.26 ± 3.07) points, (42.43 ± 2.07) points, (44.19 ± 5.86) points, t = 3.13, 2.34, 2.12, 2.27, all P < 0.05]. The total improvement rate was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group [93.33% (28/30) vs. 70.00% (21/30), χ2 = 5.45, P < 0.05). Conclusion:Risperidone combined with olanzapine is highly effective on first-episode schizophrenia. The combined therapy can reduce serum homocysteine level and improve cognitive function.

Correlation between serum VEGF level and clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia of different genders / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To investigate the level of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its correlation with clinical symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients of different genders.Methods:From January 2016 to October 2019, a total of 81 first-episode drug-naive schizophrenia patients(patient group, 41 male, 40 female) and 64 healthy controls (control group, 40 male, 24 female) were included in this study.The serum level of VEGF was detected with flow cytometric bear array (CBA). Positive and negative symptom scale (PANSS) was used to evaluate the relevant clinical symptoms of patients.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Independent sample t-test and nonparametric test were used for comparison between groups.The relationship between VEGF and clinical variables was analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis and Spearman correlation analysis. Results:The level of serum VEGF in the patient group was significantly lower than that in the control group(148.08(75.89, 208.61)pg/mL, 179.94(99.14, 318.41)pg/mL, Z=-2.20, P=0.028). The total PANSS score((82.71±17.30), (73.45±16.36), t=2.473, P=0.016)and cognitive score((7.88±3.36), (6.23±2.81), t=2.402, P=0.019) in male patients were higher than those in female patients.There was a negative correlation between VEGF level and PANSS negative symptom score in the patient group( r=-0.228, P=0.041), as well as significant negtive correlation between VEGF level and cognitive score in male patients( r=-0.425, P=0.007). Conclusion:The level of serum VEGF is reduced in first-episode patients with schizophrenia, which influences their negative symptom. Moreover, the decline in serum VEGF level is implicated in cognitive impairments in male patients with first-episode schizophrenia.

Effects of group interpersonal psychotherapy on cognitive and social function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of group interpersonal psychotherapy （IPT） on cognitive and social function in patients with first-episode schizophrenia， and to provide references for appropriate psychological treatment for the patients. MethodsA total of 62 patients with first-episode schizophrenia who met the diagnostic criteria of International Classification of Diseases， tenth edition （ICD-10） and were admitted to the Third People's Hospital of Foshan from January to December 2021 were selected as the study objects. And patients were divided into study group and control group according to random number table method， each with 31 cases. Both groups were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks， based on this， study group received group IPT. Before and after 8 weeks of treatment， Positive and Negative Syndrorne Scales （PANSS）， Wisconsin Card Sorting Tests （WCST） and Personal and Social Performance Sale（PSP） were adopted to assess the patients' psychiatric symptoms， cognitive function and social function. ResultsAfter 8 weeks of treatment， there was no significant difference in PANSS scores between the two groups （t=0.296， P>0.05）. The WCST total number of responses in the study group was larger than that in the control group， the number of perseverative errors and non-perseverative errors were smaller than those in the control group， and PSP score of the study group was higher than that of the control group， with statistically significant differences （t=0.398， 2.609， 0.523， 0.381， P<0.05 or 0.01）. ConclusionGroup IPT may have no significant efficacy on alleviating the symptoms of patients with first-episode schizophrenia， but it may help improve the cognitive and social function in patients.

Impact of duration of untreated psychosis on remission in first-episode schizophrenia in Thailand: a cohort study

ABSTRACT Background: To scale up the services for first-episode schizophrenia in Thailand, it is essential to understand to what extent health care-seeking is delayed, and how much the delay affects the treatment outcome. Objectives: To investigate the duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) and its impact on remission in first-episode schizophrenia across the country. Methods: 276 outpatients with a first-episode schizophrenia were followed for 6 months and assessed whether they fulfilled the criteria for remission at the follow-up. The proportion of those achieving remission was compared by the DUP. The impact of DUP on remission was estimated in multivariate analyses. Results: At the follow-up, 83% (71/86) of patients who had met the criteria for symptomatic remission at the baseline achieved enduring remission, whereas 63% (119/190) of patients who had not met the criteria for symptomatic remission at baseline met it at the follow-up. The shorter the DUP, the higher the proportion of those who achieved symptomatic or enduring remission at the follow-up. The impact of DUP on symptomatic remission appeared to be significant after controlling for other factors influencing remission. Conclusion: Since the DUP would influence remission of patients with schizophrenia, early detection and intervention services should be provided in Thailand.

Evaluation of relationships between presence of adhesio interthalamica and cannabis use in first-episode psychosis: a magnetic resonance imaging investigation

ABSTRACT Recent studies suggested that cannabis use influences on the emergence of psychosis by disrupting neurodevelopmental processes that occur during adolescence and early adulthood and which are reflected on brain anatomical changes detectable with MRI. However, no MRI studies have investigated whether intrauterine neurodevelopmental abnormalities also interact with later cannabis use to influence on psychosis risk. We investigated differences between first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients with history of cannabis use (FEPC+, n=28), FEP subjects without cannabis use (FEPC-, n=78) and healthy controls (n=80) in regard to the frequency of absent or short Adhesio Interthalamica (AI), a well-established marker of intrauterine neurodevelopment. The FEPC+ subgroup had a significantly lower prevalence of absent AI than FEPC- subjects, as well as a lack of a significantly shorter AI length compared to controls (as found in FEPC- subjects). These preliminary results show that psychosis subjects with cannabis use present a low rather than high frequency of absent AI, suggesting that fixed intrauterine neurodevelopmental abnormalities may not be associated with cannabis use later in life to influence on the emergence of psychosis. This is consistent with a view that multiple different etiological processes may lead to similar clinical presentations in patients with FEP.

Plasma prevalence of anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor IgG antibodies in early stages of psychosis / Prevalência plasmática de anticorpos IgG antirreceptor N-metil-d-aspartato nos estágios iniciais de psicose

Abstract We investigated the feasibility of including plasma anti-NMDAR antibody screening in the assessment of first-episode psychosis patients in an early intervention programme in the Southern hemisphere. Anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies were assessed by ELISA in 166 patients (64.0% men), 166 matched population-based controls and 76 patients' siblings (30.3% men). Fisher's exact test and ANOVA were performed. Positive anti-NMDAR antibody patients were more often observed in bipolar disorder (10.0%) than schizophrenia (2.4%) or psychotic depression (3.1%), although no significant differences were observed. Our results are not conclusive regarding the inclusion of plasma anti-NMDAR IgG antibodies in differential diagnostic protocols for psychosis.

Resumo Nós investigamos a viabilidade de incluir a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-NMDAR na avaliação de pacientes em primeiro episódio psicótico em um programa de intervenção precoce no Hemisfério Sul. Anticorpos IgG anti-NMDAR foram avaliados por ELISA em 166 pacientes (64,0% homens), 166 controles de base populacional pareados e 76 irmãos (30,3% homens). Foram realizados teste exato de Fisher e ANOVA. Os anticorpos anti-NMDAR positivos foram mais observados no transtorno afetivo bipolar (10,0%) do que na esquizofrenia (2,4%) ou depressão psicótica (3,1%), embora não tenham sido observadas diferenças significativas. Nossos resultados não são conclusivos quanto à inclusão de anticorpos IgG anti-NMDAR no plasma em protocolos de diagnósticos diferenciais para psicose.

Abnormal neurobiochemical metabolites in the first / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To explore the metabolite characteristics in medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) by @*METHODS@#A total of 46 patients with the first-episode schizophrenia (FES), 49 people with clinical high risk (CHR), 61 people with genetic high risk (GHR), and 58 healthy controls (HC) were enrolled. The levels of N-acetylaspartylglutamate+N-acetylaspartate (tNAA), choline-containing compounds (Cho) and myo-inositol (MI), glutamate+glutamine (Glx) in medial prefrontal cortex were measured by single-voxel @*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in Glx, tNAA, and MI concentrations among 4 groups (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#The decreased levels of MI and Glx in the FES patients suggest that there may be glial functional damage and glutamatergic transmitter dysfunction in the early stage of the disease. The compensatory increase of metabolites may be a protective factor for schizophrenia in the genetic individuals.

Comparison of cognitive function in patients with treatment-resistant depression and drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the differences of cognitive function in patients with treatment-resistant depression and drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder， and to examine the relationship between severity of clinical symptoms and cognitive function， so as to provide references for prognosis improvement. MethodsFrom November 2016 to December 2019， 119 patients with drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder and 82 patients with treatment-resistant depression in a hospital in Guangzhou were enrolled， meantime， another 71 healthy individuals recruited from the community were set as healthy control group. Clinical symptoms were assessed using Hamilton Depression Scale-17 item （HAMD-17） and Hamilton Anxiety Scale （HAMA）. Cognitive domains， including speed of processing， working memory， verbal learning and memory， and visual learning and memory were measured with the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB）. Multiple covariance analysis was used to compare the differences in cognitive function among three groups. Thereafter， partial correlation analysis was performed within patient groups to explore the relationship of HAMD-17/HAMA score with the four dimensions of MCCB. ResultsThe speed of processing， visual learning and memory scores of treatment-resistant depression group and drug-naive first-episode depression group were lower than those of healthy control group， and the working memory score of the treatment-resistant depression group was lower than that of the healthy control group， with statistical significance （P<0.05 or 0.01）. The speed of processing， visual learning and memory scores of treatment-resistant depression group were significantly lower than those of drug-naive first-episode depression group （P<0.05 or 0.01）. Partial correlation analysis within patient groups found that HAMD-17/HAMA total score had no correlation with the four dimensions of MCCB （P>0.05）. ConclusionCompared with drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder patients and healthy controls， the impairments of speed of processing， visual learning and memory are more severe in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Moreover， the cognitive function impairment in patients with drug-naive first-episode major depressive disorder and treatment-resistant depression has no correlation with the severity of depressive and anxious symptoms.

Correlation between anhedonia level and cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis / 四川精神卫生

ObjectiveTo explore the anhedonia level and its relationship with cognitive function in patients with first-episode psychosis， and to analyze the influencing factors of cognitive function. MethodsA total of 143 first-episode psychiatric patients who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） in the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from December 2016 to March 2019 were selected. Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale （PANSS） was used to evaluate the patient’s psychiatric symptoms， in which N2 （emotional withdrawal） and N4 （passive/apathetic social withdrawal） were used to assess the anhedonia level， and patients whose （N2+N4） scores beyond 4 were classified into anhedonia group， and those with （N2+N4） scores less than or equal to 4 were classified into non-anhedonia group. Hamilton Depression Scale-24 item （HAMD-24） was used to measure the depressive symptoms， and the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery （MCCB） was used to detect cognitive function. Then the clinical symptoms and cognitive function of two groups were compared， and the influencing factors of cognitive function were screened by multiple linear regression analysis. ResultsThe negative symptom score， general pathological symptom score and total score of PANSS in anhedonia group were significantly higher than those of non-anhedonia group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. The score of working memory in adolescent subgroup， the scores of information processing speed， attention/alertness and vocabulary learning in adult subgroup of anhedonia group were lower than those of non-anhedonia group， with statistical difference （P<0.05）. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the anhedonia score and the duration of untreated psychosis were the influencing factors of working memory in adolescent subgroup （P<0.05）. ConclusionPatients with high levels of anhedonia suffer more severe mental symptoms and cognitive impairment， moreover， anhedonia is one of the influencing factors of working memory in adolescents.