Perfil académico y profesional de los egresados de la especialidad de Cardiología de 2000 a 2015 en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez / Academic and professional profile of cardiology fellowship graduates of National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chávez from 2000 to 2015

Resumen Antecedentes: El Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC) se ha posicionado como un referente internacional en la educación médica cardiológica, destacándose por su alto nivel académico y calidad humana. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar el perfil laboral y académico actual de los egresados del Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez (INC). Métodos: Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal y retrospectivo que incluyó a 473 egresados del INC graduados entre 2000 y 2015. Se utilizó una encuesta electrónica para recopilar los datos. Resultados: Un total de 221 egresados aceptaron participar en el estudio, lo que representa el 46.7% del total de egresados. El 85.2% de los participantes son hombres. La mayoría de los egresados son de nacionalidad mexicana (82.4%), mientras que el resto se distribuye en varios países de Latinoamérica. El 89% de los egresados completó otro posgrado después de cardiología. De este grupo, el 95.4% realizó al menos una alta especialidad, mientras que el 4.6% obtuvo una maestría o doctorado. La especialidad más comúnmente elegida fue Cardiología Intervencionista. Los egresados del INC trabajan en promedio 10.8 horas al día, de las cuales 6.4 horas se dedican a la cardiología clínica y 4.3 horas al otro posgrado. Aquellos que trabajan en el sector público y privado dedican 6.1 horas y 5.2 horas al día, respectivamente. Además, el 75% de los egresados desempeña actividades de enseñanza. El 84% de los egresados trabajan en México. Conclusión: En su mayoría, los egresados del INC son médicos especialistas que continúan su formación académica a través de la realización de otros posgrados. Trabajan más horas al día en comparación con el resto de la población mexicana, y dedican la mayor parte de su tiempo al ejercicio de la cardiología clínica. También buscan transmitir sus conocimientos a través de actividades académicas y de enseñanza.

Abstract Background: The Ignacio Chávez National Institute of Cardiology (NIC) has positioned itself as an international benchmark in cardiovascular medical education, standing out for its high academic standards and human quality. Objective: This study aims to identify the employment and academic profile of cardiology fellowship graduates from the National Institute of Cardiology of Mexico (NIC). Methods: A cross-sectional and retrospective study was conducted, involving 473 graduates from the period 2000-2015. Data was collected through an electronic survey. Results: A total of 221 graduates agreed to participate, accounting for 46.7% of the total number of graduates. Among the participants, 85.2% were male. The majority of graduates (82.4%) held Mexican nationality, while the remaining individuals represented various Latin-American nationalities. Following the completion of the cardiology fellowship, 89% of graduates pursued further postgraduate degrees. Within this group, 95.4% completed at least one additional fellowship, while 4.6% pursued a master's or PhD program. The most popular fellowship program chosen was Interventional Cardiology. On average, NIC graduates dedicate 10.8 hours per day to their work, with 6.4 hours dedicated to cardiology and 4.3 hours to their other postgraduate degree. Those employed in both public and private health systems allocate 6.1 hours and 5.2 hours per day, respectively. Additionally, 75% of graduates are involved in teaching activities. Currently, 84% of graduates are employed in Mexico. Conclusion: The majority of NIC graduates are physicians who further their academic training by pursuing additional postgraduate programs. They work longer hours per day compared to the general Mexican population, with a significant focus on clinical cardiology. Graduates actively seek opportunities to share their expertise through various academic activities.

BERA in the detection of hearing loss in high risk children: an observational study in two tertiary care teaching hospitals in upper Assam region

Background: Significant hearing loss affects children globally (1-3/1,000 infants at birth). Early diagnosis (<6 months age) and subsequent early intervention facilitates normal development of language, regardless of the severity of hearing loss. Methods: A hospital-based, descriptive, retrospective study was done in two tertiary-care centres of Upper Assam region, upon total (55 + 46 =) 101 high risk children (<15 years) during a study period of 1 year. Patients were subjected to a questionnaire, and hearing tests (BERA/OAE) were performed. Results: Majority of the cases were <5 years of age, with male preponderance (66.30% cases). NICU graduates with history of ototoxic medications/mechanical ventilation, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and caregiver concern were the common presenting risk factors identified. Conclusions: 49.50% cases (n=50) suffered from hearing loss [most common was severe degree of hearing loss, n= 24]. 75% cases in AMCH and 63.6% in LMCH with caregiver concern, 55.55% cases in AMCH and 50% in LMCH with past neonatal hyperbilirubinemia; 50% cases with positive family history; and 46.66% NICU graduates tested positive for hearing loss. Ideally, all high risk children <15 years should be screened for hearing loss with earliest intervention and rehabilitation, to enable them to lead a normal life and reduce the burden of handicap in the community.

Trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de licenciaturas de ciencias de la salud / Health sciences undergraduate students academic track records

Resumen Antecedentes: El análisis de las trayectorias académicas es fundamental para evaluar la formación de los estudiantes y la estructura de los programas de estudio de educación superior, lo que permite diagnosticar y prevenir el rezago y abandono escolar. Objetivo: Analizar las diferencias en las trayectorias académicas de los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en ciencias de la salud de la UNAM de las generaciones 2001 a 2016. Material y métodos: Estudio de cohortes reales; se calcularon tasas de egreso y rezago. Se realizó ANOVA para contrastar el egreso entre planteles por carrera y tiempo. Para identificar los períodos críticos se utilizaron funciones de supervivencia con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados: En las licenciaturas en enfermería y medicina se observaron los menores porcentajes de rezago; enfermería presentó los mayores porcentajes de egreso, sobre todo en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza; odontología mostró los menores índices de egreso y mayores índices de abandono y rezago. Las mujeres mostraron mayor egreso y menor riesgo de abandono y rezago. Conclusiones: Los estudiantes de las licenciaturas en enfermería, medicina y psicología de las facultades de estudios superiores Zaragoza e Iztacala, con programas modulares, alcanzaron los mayores porcentajes de egreso y menores índices de abandono y rezago.

Abstract Background: Academic track record analysis is essential for evaluating the training of students and the structure of higher education study programs, which allows diagnosing and preventing educational lag and school dropout. Objective: To analyze the differences in academic track records of UNAM health sciences undergraduate students from generations 2001 to 2016. Material and methods: Study of real cohorts; graduation and lag rates were calculated. ANOVA was used to contrast the graduation rates between campuses by undergraduate program and time. To identify critical periods, survival functions were used with Kaplan-Meier’s method. Results: The lowest percentages of lag were observed in nursing and medicine students; nursing students had the highest graduation rates, especially at Zaragoza campus; dentistry students had the lowest graduation rates and the highest dropout and lag rates. Women showed higher graduation rates and lower risk of dropout and lag. Conclusions: Nursing, medicine and psychology undergraduate students at Zaragoza and Iztacala campuses, with modular programs, achieved the highest graduation percentages and the lowest dropout and lag rates.

Satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la maestría "Investigación en aterosclerosis" / Employers' Satisfaction with the Performance of Graduates from a Master's Program about Research in Atherosclerosis

Introducción: Los estudios de empleadores cobran cada vez mayor importancia en el ámbito de la educación superior, a partir de la necesidad institucional de evaluar la pertinencia de sus programas e identificar expectativas de crecimiento, al permitir conocer la existencia de vinculación institucional y desarrollo de sus egresados. Objetivo: Describir la satisfacción de los empleadores con el desempeño de egresados de la décima edición de la maestría investigación en aterosclerosis. Métodos: Se hizo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionaron los empleadores de los egresados de la última edición terminada. Se les aplicó una encuesta de forma autoadministrada para explorar la satisfacción con el desempeño de los egresados de la maestría. Resultados: El total de los empleadores manifestaron que la maestría respondía a las necesidades asistenciales, docentes e investigativas del centro en el que laboraba el máster; que este aplicaba creativa y críticamente en su práctica diaria los conocimientos adquiridos en el programa de maestría; y que era capaz de diseñar y dirigir proyectos de investigación. El 94,1 por ciento respondió que, después de graduado de la maestría, el máster tenía la capacidad de diseñar y organizar cursos de superación para solucionar problemas de la institución. El 76,5 por ciento contestó que cumplía las expectativas y el 52,9 por ciento que se sentía satisfecho con el desempeño de los egresados. Conclusiones: Los empleadores manifestaron que los egresados satisfacían el perfil declarado en la maestría. Los egresados cumplieron con las expectativas de sus empleadores y los empleadores se encontraron satisfechos con el desempeño de los egresados(AU)

Introduction: Employer surveys are becoming increasingly important in the field of higher education, from the institutional need to evaluate the relevance of their programs and identify growth expectations, by allowing to know the existence of institutional linkage and the development of its graduates. Objective: To describe the satisfaction of employers with the performance of graduates from the tenth edition of a master's program about research in atherosclerosis. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The employers of the graduates from the last completed edition were selected. A self-administered survey was conducted on them to explore satisfaction with the performance of the graduates from the master's program. Results: The whole number of employers stated that the master's degree responded to the care, teaching and research needs of the center where the master's degree holder worked; that he/she applied the knowledge acquired in the master's program creatively and critically in his/her daily practice; and hat he/she was capable of designing and directing research projects. 94.1 percent responded that, after graduating from the master's program, the master's degree holder had the capacity to design and organize professional improvement courses to solve the institutional problems. 76.5 percent answered that the master's degree met the expectations, while 52.9 percent responded that they were satisfied with the performance of the graduates. Conclusions: Employers stated that the graduates met the profile stated in the master's program. The graduates met the expectations of their employers, who were satisfied with the performance of the graduates(AU)

Trajetória profissional e impacto da formação em egressos da Especialização da Fiocruz / Professional trajectory and the impact of education on Fiocruz specialization graduates

Resumo O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar o perfil dos egressos, os efeitos da formação e a trajetória profissional dos que concluíram cursos presenciais de Especialização da Fiocruz. Participaram 1.620 egressos de 79 cursos concluídos entre 2013 e 2020. Foi aplicado questionário antes do ingresso e após o término do curso. Foi realizada descrição da frequência absoluta e relativa das variáveis e desenvolvido modelo de regressão logística binária para identificar variáveis associadas ao impacto positivo do curso. A razão de chance e seu intervalo de confiança de 95% foram as medidas utilizadas. Entre os egressos com impacto positivo do curso concluído: aqueles com cor de pele preta ou parda têm cerca de 40% mais chance de ter impacto positivo do curso do que os de cor de pele branca; os que têm outra formação acadêmica antes do curso têm 1,5 vez mais chance do que os que não têm outra formação anterior, aqueles que mudaram a atividade profissional em função do curso têm 3,3 mais chance do que os que não estavam trabalhando, os que informaram que o curso estava muito relacionado à atividade profissional têm 5,7 mais chance do que os que relataram que o curso teve pouca ou nenhuma relação; e cada acréscimo de 1 ano no tempo de formado aumenta em 14% a chance do impacto positivo do curso.

Abstract This work aimed to analyze graduates' profiles, education's effects, and the professional trajectory of those who completed lato sensu courses at Fiocruz. A total of 1,620 graduates participated in 79 courses completed in the 2013-2020 period. A questionnaire was applied before the course and after its completion. A description of the absolute and relative frequency of the variables was realized. A binary logistic regression model was developed to identify variables associated with the positive impact of the course. The odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were the measures used. Among graduates with a positive impact from the course, those with black/brown skin color are 40% more likely to have a positive impact from the course than those with white skin color; those who have other academic education before the course are 1.5 times more likely than those who have no previous education; those who changed their professional activity as a result of the course are 3.3 more likely than those who were not working; those who reported that the course was closely related to their professional activity were 5.7 more likely than those who reported that the course had poor or no relationship. Every one-year increase since graduation increased the likelihood of the course's positive impact by 14%.

Competencies of Indian Medical Graduates in Delivering Effective Tuberculosis care: A Mixed Method Study among Doctors at Chennai, India

Introduction: In spite of the various advances in the Tuberculosis (TB) management system in our country, we are still struggling to achieve the End TB strategy. Addressing the health provider difficulties in TB care will definitely be potential tool to control TB. Objective: To assess the competency, challenges and solutions of Indian medical graduates to provide effective Tuberculosis care. Method: It is a mixed methodological study conducted among the Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) graduates practising in various parts of Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The competency of the Indian medical graduates in delivering TB care was assessed using a content validated e-survey questionnaire disseminated through social media affinity groups and free listing;pile sorting and in-depth interview was done in the qualitative part. Results:The proportion of participants having good, fair and poor competency in providing effective TB care was 35%,19% and 46%, respectively. Various challenges in attaining good competency were enlisted by the participants through free listing, a smaller number of TB patients in private medical college has attained the highest Smith S value followed by other eleven challenges. Based on the pile sorting and in- depth interview various solutions have been suggested, with most of them emphasizing on compulsory TB chest clinic posting followed by others measures. Conclusion: The major reason identified in difficulties in delivering TB care was inadequate exposure in managing TB patients, incomplete knowledge on notification,referral and followup system. These lacunae can be overturned by compulsory posting in TB clinics during internship period, provision of required personal protective equipment (PPE) for doctors and patients in TB wards and outpatient department, mandatory teaching on updates of TB management

Merits and demerits of technical shift of biochemistry classes of medical undergraduates from classroom to online teaching in COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional survey

Background: The ongoing global pandemic due to novel corona virus (SARS-CoV2) has jeopardized our lives from all corners. With the exponential growth of cases, even Medical institutes have curtailed physical classes and shifted to virtual classrooms. The medical graduates have exposure to online education due to vanguard of technology. However, in dwindling of COVID-19 struck economy in a developing country like India, all the medical graduates may not be privileged to have access the android phone or fast-streaming internet. Aims and Objectives: The purpose of this survey was to evaluate the impact and impression of online classes among facilitators and students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of biochemistry of Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College after obtaining Institutional Ethical Clearance. The students and faculties who voluntarily agreed to participate in the study were given a questionnaire. The responses were recorded in five-point Likert Scale. Results: Both the medical undergraduates and facilitators had a consensus opinion (0.61 and 0.71, respectively) that simultaneous access to multiple website is merit of e-learning. About 81.5% had a strong consensus opinion that there less chances of interaction with the facilitators. About 66.7% of facilitators either agreed or strongly agreed that there are hurdles to motivate the students in virtual platform. The ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed interaction with facilitators and easy of assessment is important predictors for successful outcome of online education. Conclusion: The study concluded that scope of interaction and self-motivation of the students remains to be cornerstone for the successful outcome of virtual teaching sessions. The outcome of this study may guide to identify lacunae and advantages of online methodologies in comparison to the physical classrooms.

Perceptions of undergraduate medical students regarding online classes during COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire survey

Background: The nationwide lockdown due to coronavirus disease pandemic lead to shutdown of medical colleges. Due to which, it was not possible to teach students in classrooms anymore. To continue with their teaching, the option of online classes was recommended. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted with an aim to evaluate students’ perceptions regarding online lectures. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, and questionnaire survey conducted among medical college students in Uttar Pradesh, India. Online lectures were delivered routinely using online applications for 8 weeks which was followed by offline regular classes. A pre-approved, pre-validated semi-structured questionnaire containing 13 close-ended multiple-choice questions was distributed through Google forms as well as in person among all the medical students using a non-probability sampling approach after taking their informed consent. The collected data were organized and tabulated using Google spreadsheet and descriptive statistics was used to depict the results. Results: A total of 193 responses were obtained from MBBS students of first and second phase. The mean age of students was 18.73 ± 1.87 years. Mobile phones (63.21%) were the most popular device used by the students to attend classes. More than half of the students (57%) were self-motivated to attend online classes. The major barrier to online learning as reported by 76.68% students was network issues. About 44% students reported lower understanding of subject compared to offline classes. About 70.47% felt online classes to be more comfortable to attend. More number of students either preferred offline method (37.82%) or a mix of both the methods (34.20%). Conclusion: Online lectures are effective teaching method, but they cannot replace classroom teaching. Thus, online teaching serves as add-on to the offline learning.

Research on evaluation of comprehensive ability and influencing factors of graduates in clinical medicine / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To investigate the comprehensive ability and influencing factors of clinical medicine graduates from a medical college in Xi'an, and provide a scientific basis for improving the training model and comprehensive ability of clinical medicine students.Methods:Based on the Chinese Undergraduate Medical Education Standard-Clinical Medicine Specialty (2016 Edition), we conducted a self-designed questionnaire, the Clinical Medicine Graduate Comprehensive Ability Evaluation Questionnaire, containing 62 items in 4 dimensions, selected the clinical medicine graduates as the research objects by random sampling method, used SPSS 22.0 to make data analysis, and performed multiple linear regression to analyze its influencing factors.Results:Clinical medicine graduates had the highest score in the field of clinical competence (3.05±0.84), followed by the field of professionalism (2.48±0.81), and the lowest score was in the field of science and academics (1.89±0.68). The top three scores of each factor were clinical practice ability (3.39±0.76), theoretical knowledge mastery (3.55±0.48) and medical knowledge mastery (2.98±0.81). The three factors with the lowest scores were literature search ability (1.31±0.64), global health issues (1.49±0.82) and self-improvement willingness and ability (1.81±0.73). Using the multiple stepwise regression method to analyze the influencing factors of comprehensive ability, the optimal equation was obtained: Y=8.412+0.063 X6+0.190 X8+0.266 X10+0.031 X11+0.187 X12 ( X6, working level; X8, academic performance ranking; X10, practical teaching satisfaction; X11, mode of teaching satisfaction; X12, Re-education satisfaction after graduation). Among them, the higher the practical teaching satisfaction, the satisfaction of re-education and the satisfaction of teaching mode after graduation, the higher the student's performance ranking, and the higher the comprehensive ability score of clinical graduates. Graduates whose employment level was in a general hospitals had higher comprehensive ability scores than those of grassroots hospitals such as community/township hospitals. Conclusions:In the process of training clinical medicine students, we should improve the quality of practical teaching and the teaching model, increase the training of science and academic fields, increase the investment in re-education of primary medical institutions, and raise the satisfaction of graduates in education, so as to improve the clinical medicine profession comprehensive ability of graduates.

Impact of war on foreign students' satisfaction with quality of dental and medical education in Ukraine

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes in foreign students' satisfaction with the quality of dental and medical education considering the impact of the war in Ukraine. The present study was organized in the form of a questionnaire-based survey among 300 foreign students of Medical Faculty and Faculty of Dentistry in Ukraine. The questionnaire was ad mistered via Google form in a multiple-choice, closed-ended format. Students' satisfaction with environment safety and comfort (p < 0.05) and with the collaborative learning offered (p < 0.05) statistically decreased during the war. Sixty percent of the variability in the mean of students' satisfaction with the quality of education during the war could be explained by the satisfaction rate before the war. The need of migration from Ukraine had a stronger inverse correlation with education quality (r = -0.58) than the fact of the war itself (r = -0.32). The war in Ukraine has had a negative impact on the educational process of foreign medical and dental students, even though the quality of education was considered by students to be as high as before and during the war. The personal effort of professors, the quality of study materials, and adequate technical support could potentially overcome the negative impact of the war on student satisfaction with the quality of medical and dental education by the online mode, if the academic medium could be protected from the direct impact of the war or if the influence of the war within the university community could be minimized.

Reflexos da formação interprofissional na trajetória profissional: percepção de egressas de Terapia Ocupacional / Effects of interprofessional education on career trajectories: perceptions of occupational therapy graduates / Reflejos de la formación interprofesional en la trayectoria profesional: percepción de egresados de Terapia Ocupacional

Resumo A Educação Interprofissional em Saúde (EIP) constitui-se como uma estratégia para formação de profissionais capazes de trabalhar em equipe por meio de competências colaborativas e da aprendizagem baseada em interações. O Projeto Pedagógico da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp) baseia-se nos princípios da EIP para a formação de profissionais, dentre eles, terapeutas ocupacionais. Objetivou-se compreender a influência da formação interprofissional na trajetória profissional de terapeutas ocupacionais egressas da Unifesp. Pela abordagem qualitativa, produziram-se informações por aplicação de formulário on-line semiestruturado, analisado posteriormente com base na Análise Temática. Os resultados revelaram que a formação interprofissional possibilita segurança às profissionais nas práticas colaborativas, no fomento ao trabalho em equipe e no desenvolvimento de ações que visam à integralidade do cuidado. Notou-se, porém, dificuldades no reconhecimento da identidade profissional da Terapia Ocupacional e na ação conjunta com profissionais formados em perspectiva disciplinar. (AU)

Abstract Interprofessional education in healthcare (IEH) is a strategy to prepare professionals who are capable of working in a team by developing interactive-based collaboration and learning competencies. The Federal University of Sao Paulo's (UNIFESP) education plan is based on the principles of IEH for professional training. The aim of this study was to understand the influence of interprofessional education on the career trajectory of occupational therapy students graduating from UNIFESP. Adopting a qualitative approach, data was collected using an online semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using thematic analysis. The results show that interprofessional education helped professionals feel secure when engaging in collaborative practice and fostered teamwork and the development of actions aimed at promoting comprehensive care. However, the findings also highlight challenges related to the recognition of the professional identity of occupational therapists and in working together with professionals trained from a uniquely disciplinary perspective. (AU)

Resumen La Educación Interprofesional en Salud (EIP) se constituye como una estrategia para la formación de profesionales capaces de trabajar en equipo, por medio de competencias colaborativas y del aprendizaje basado en interacciones. El Proyecto Pedagógico de la Universidad Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), se basa en los principios de la EIP para la formación de profesionales, entre ellos, terapeutas ocupacionales. El objetivo fue entender la influencia de la formación interprofesional en la trayectoria profesional de terapeutas ocupacionales egresadas de Unifesp. A partir del abordaje cualitativo, se produjeron informaciones por medio de la utilización de un formulario online semiestructurado, analizado posteriormente con base en el Análisis Temático. Los resultados señalaron que la formación interprofesional posibilita seguridad a las profesionales en las prácticas colaborativas, fomento al trabajo en equipo y desarrollo de acciones cuyo objetivo es la integralidad del cuidado. No obstante, se observaron dificultades en el reconocimiento de la identidad profesional de la Terapia Ocupacional y en la acción conjunta con profesionales formados en perspectiva disciplinaria. (AU)

Effectiveness of healthcare ethics training in the undergraduate medical curriculum: A quasi-experimental study from rural India

Conventional medical education does not provide adequate training to undergraduates to resolve healthcare-related ethical dilemmas. This quasi-experimental study using a pre-post design was conducted to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices in healthcare ethics (HCE) and evaluate the effectiveness of the introduction of HCE in ethical behaviour among medical undergraduates at the Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences in Sevagram, India. All the participants thought that knowledge of HCE is important. There was an improvement in the knowledge of HCE after the intervention, as both weighted mean and percentage consensus improved. In Phase I, absolute learning gain, relative learning gain, and normalised gain “g” were significantly higher after the intervention. In Phase II, the intervention showed low and moderate effectiveness in improvements in the affective and psychomotor domain, and in the ability to handle ethical issues, respectively; but no significant improvement in communication skills. During the feedback session, it was seen that a majority of the participants thought that it is the need of the hour to introduce skill-based HCE into their curriculum from the first year. It can be concluded that it is possible to improve knowledge, and affective, psychomotor ability to handle ethical issues among undergraduate medical students with formal training

Relação transferencial aluno-universidade: um estudo exploratório / Student-university transference relationship: an exploratory study

A formação em Psicologia implica no aprendizado teórico-metodológico e, também, na realização de estágios em diversos campos de atuação do Psicólogo. O objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em analisar as relações transferenciais aluno-universidade vivenciadas por Psicólogos, egressos de uma universidade pública. O estudo foi efetuado através do método clínico qualitativo e os dados coletados submetidos à análise de conteúdo. Participaram da amostra 11 psicólogos egressos de uma universidade pública do sul do país, formados há no máximo três anos. A coleta de dados ocorreu através de entrevistas semidirigidas, com questões disparadoras. A partir das falas dos egressos foram elaboradas quatro categorias temáticas, as quais foram analisadas a partir de fundamentos teóricos da psicanálise: Universidade ocupando o lugar de mãe; Professores dão ou não dão conta? Do que?; Terceiro ano, fim do começo ou começo do fim; Estágios Como Fase de Transição. Finalmente, foi possível perceber nuances das emoções vivenciadas pelos egressos no processo de amadurecimento, da dependência da universidade rumo à independência como profissionais.

Training in Psychology implies theoretical-methodological learning and also internships in various fields of activity of the Psychologist. The aim of the present study was to analyze the transference student-university relationships experienced by Psychologists, graduates of a public university. The study was carried out using the qualitative clinical method and the collected data were submitted to content analysis. Eleven psychologists graduated from a public university in the south of the country, graduated for at most three years, participated in the sample. Data collection took place through semi-structured interviews, with triggering questions. From the speeches of the graduates, four thematic categories were elaborated, which were analyzed from the theoretical foundations of psychoanalysis: University occupying the place of mother; Do teachers manage or not? Than?; Third year, end of beginning or beginning of end; Stages as a Transition Phase. Finally, it was possible to perceive nuances of emotions experienced by graduates in the maturation process, from the university's dependence towards independence as professionals.

Ophthalmology as a career choice among medical students in Eastern India – A cross-sectional study

Purpose: Several factors influence medical students to choose a specialty branch for post?graduate training, and it is important to understand them so that strategies can be made to make it more attractive and hence the shortage in the workforce can be addressed. This study aimed to identify the factors that influenced under?graduate medical students to choose ophthalmology as their specialty for post?graduate training. Methods: It was a descriptive, cross?sectional, questionnaire?based study, carried out among medical students at a tertiary academic institute in eastern India. In this survey tool, 25 questions were divided into different sections: demographic data, factors influencing the choice and perceptions about ophthalmology as a career option, and the impact of rotatory internship posting on the choice of subject. The various factors were then scored and indexed appropriately. Results: There were 515 participants. The median age was 23 years. The major influencing factor for choosing ophthalmology was “adequate time” (52.04%), and the discouraging factor was “steep learning curve” (58.64%). Age had an odds ratio of 0.781, showing that the lower the age, the higher the chances of being positively inclined toward ophthalmology as a career choice. Similarly, major deciding factors, perceptions, and experiences in ophthalmology had odds ratios of 1.841, 1.725, and 2.057, respectively, showing a positive inclination. Conclusion: The study states that a steep learning curve, personal attitudes, and misconceptions may dissuade the students from taking this subject, but adequate clinical exposure and experience, as well as role models during the internship, can create a positive impact on career choice

Calidad de la formación en el postgrado de especialización en pediatría clínica de la FCM-UNA: un estudio de percepciones de sus estudiantes, actuales y graduados / Quality of training in the postgraduate specialization in clinical pediatrics of the FCM-UNA: a study of perceptions of its current students and graduates

Introducción: Los procesos de acreditación de la calidad de los programas de formación de médicos tienen importancia en cuanto al impulso que pueden dar a la formación de mejores profesionales. El reconocimiento de la calidad educativa de un determinado programa o carrera por parte de los organismos facultados, como la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior (ANEAES) es una garantía del cumplimiento de los criterios mínimos de calidad establecidos. Sin embargo, la calidad de un postgrado no solo es valorada por el cumplimiento de los criterios de calidad mínimos establecidos por los organismos encargados, sino por otros criterios como serían la percepción de los estudiantes, actuales y graduados sobre la calidad de la formación ofrecida por el mismo. Objetivos: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo general estudiar la calidad de la formación en el Postgrado de Especialización en Pediatría Clínica de la FCM-UNA, a partir de las percepciones de sus estudiantes, actuales y graduados. Materiales y métodos: La metodología se enmarca en la tradición cualitativa de investigación social y en su instrumentación se incluye la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas aplicadas a los estudiantes actuales (residentes) y graduados (egresados) del programa, así como el desarrollo, implementación y análisis de matrices, con la discusión de los resultados correspondientes a cada una de ellas. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la mayor parte de los estudiantes, actuales y egresados, del Postgrado de Especialización en Pediatría Clínica de la FCM UNA, perciben que la formación en este es de buena a mediana calidad. Los factores que inciden positivamente en la percepción de la calidad de la formación son: el ámbito de desarrollo del programa, el plan de estudios, las actividades académicas, la calidad de la composición y el desempeño del plantel docente, así como las relaciones interpersonales, tanto con los docentes como con sus pares; con algunas excepciones puntuales. La inclusión en el currículum de los aspectos relativos a la responsabilidad social universitaria también tuvo una incidencia positiva. Los factores que incidieron negativamente en la percepción de la calidad de la formación fueron: la carga horaria excesiva, el sistema de evaluación exigente, las falencias en la infraestructura y las tareas de asistencia social, en desmedro de la optimización del tiempo para la formación. En lo referente a la incidencia de la pandemia de COVID 19 en la calidad de la formación, las percepciones fueron dispares al interior de los casos de estudio que cursaron el postgrado durante la misma, con elementos negativos y llamativamente algunos elementos positivos. A la hora de sopesar en qué medida los factores positivos y negativos incidieron globalmente en la percepción de la calidad de la formación, se evidenció que, a pesar del reconocimiento de la existencia de varios factores negativos, los primeros primaron sobre los segundos. Esto hace que la mayoría de los estudiantes actuales y egresados manifiesten su satisfacción con el postgrado y los graduados con su desempeño autónomo al cumplir con sus expectativas. Conclusión: La mayor parte de los estudiantes, actuales y graduados del Postgrado de especialización en Pediatría Clínica de la FCM UNA, perciben que la formación en el mismo es de buena a mediana calidad, con aspectos a mejorar que son mencionados en las recomendaciones.

Introduction: The quality accreditation processes of medical training programs are important in terms of the boost they can give to the training of better professionals. Recognition of the educational quality of a certain program or career by authorized bodies, such as the National Agency for the Evaluation and Accreditation of Higher Education (ANEAES) is a guarantee of compliance with the minimum established quality criteria. However, the quality of a postgraduate course is not only assessed by compliance with the minimum quality criteria established by the bodies in charge, but by other criteria such as the perception of current and graduate students about the quality of the training offered by the same. Objectives: The general objective is to study the quality of training in the Postgraduate Specialization in Clinical Pediatrics of the FCM-UNA, based on the perceptions of its current and graduate students. Materials and methods: The methodology is part of the qualitative tradition of social research and its instrumentation includes semi-structured interviews applied to current students (residents) and graduates of the program, as well as the development, implementation and analysis of matrices, with the discussion of the results corresponding to each of them. Results: The results obtained show that most of the students, current and graduates, of the Postgraduate Specialization in Clinical Pediatrics of the FCM UNA, perceive that the training is of good to medium quality. Factors that positively affect the perception of the quality of training are: the scope of development of the program, the study plan, academic activities, quality of the composition and performance of the teaching staff, as well as interpersonal relationships, both with teachers and with their peers; with some specific exceptions. The inclusion in the curriculum of aspects related to university social responsibility also had a positive impact. Factors that negatively affected perception of the quality of training were: excessive workload, the demanding evaluation system, shortcomings in the infrastructure and the tasks of social service, to the detriment of time dedicated to optimizing training. Regarding the incidence of the COVID 19 pandemic on the quality of training, perceptions were uneven within the case studies that took the postgraduate course during it, with negative elements and strikingly some positive elements. When weighing up the extent to which the positive and negative factors had a global impact on the perception of the quality of training, it was shown that, despite the recognition of the existence of several negative factors, the former prevailed over the latter. This makes the majority of current students and graduates express their satisfaction with the postgraduate course and graduates with their autonomous performance in meeting their expectations. Conclusion: Most of the students, current and graduates of the Postgraduate specialization in Clinical Pediatrics of the FCM UNA, perceive that the training in it is of good to medium quality, with aspects to improve that are mentioned in the recommendations.

Mercado laboral de los Contadores Públicos recién egresados en Villavicencio-Meta y la teoría del cuadrante de flujo de dinero / Labor Market of Recently Graduated Public Accountants in Villavicencio, Meta and the Cash Flow Quadrant Theory

Resumen El panorama del mercado laboral para los Contadores Públicos recién egresados en Villavicencio-Meta evidencia una escasez de oferta laboral y una desfavorable tasa en los ingresos que obtienen al incursionar al mundo laboral. Panorama no muy alentador que se acrecienta por la informalidad empresarial y la existencia de Pymes que aún no han realizado convergencia a estándares internacionales de contabilidad, limitando la brecha de posibilidades de ingresar al campo laboral. Siendo la Contaduría Publica una profesión liberal, se infiere que este deberá generar empoderamiento profesional, que le permita ejercer de forma independiente en un futuro pudiendo escalar o ubicarse de conformidad con la teoría del cuadrante de flujo de dinero de Kiyosaki en Empleado (E), Auto Empleado (A), Dueño de empresa (D) e Inversionista (I).

Abstract The labor market panorama for recently graduated Public Accountants in Villavicencio, Meta evidences a shortage of labor supply and an unfavorable rate in the income they obtain when entering the labor market. This is not a very encouraging panorama that is increased by the business informality and the existence of SMEs that have not yet made convergence to international accounting standards, limiting the gap of possibilities to enter the labor field. Since Public Accountancy is a liberal profession, it is inferred that it should generate professional empowerment, which will allow them to practice it independently in the future, by being able to climb or be located according to Kiyosakiıs cash flow quadrant theory in Employee (E), Self-Employed (SE), Business Owner (BO) and Investor (I).

Factors affecting the future employment of new graduate nurses as home-visiting nurses: a cross-sectional study in Japan / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: In Japan, home-visiting nurse (HVN) stations are at the frontline of providing home-based medical care and end-of-life care. The nursing authorities aim to establish an education program that allows new graduate nurses to become home-visiting nurses. However, previous studies have indicated gaps in education between new graduates recently employed as HVNs and experienced home-visiting nurses. The present study further investigates the factors influencing the recruitment of new graduates as home-visiting nurses.Methods: Self-administered questionnaires were sent to 2,000 HVN stations randomly selected from the 5,565 registered home-visiting nurse stations throughout Japan. The survey covered three main areas, namely, those concerning the respondent (6 items), the home-visiting nurse station (8 items), and the nursing services provided (12 items).Results: Four of the 26 items were statistically significant, and only one of these was determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis to be an independent factor for accepting new graduates as home-visiting nurses. This factor was undergraduate home-visiting nurse training for student nurses (OR=1.916, CI=1.124–3.267).Conclusion: To increase the recruitment of new graduates as home-visiting nurses, these findings suggest that nursing schools nationwide and home-visiting nurse stations should further cooperate with the specific aim of increasing the provision of practical training at home-visiting nurse stations for pre-graduation student nurses.

Condiciones laborales y satisfacción de los graduados del programa de Ortodoncia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Estudio Exploratorio / Working conditions and level of satisfaction of graduates from the Orthodontics program at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Exploratory Study / Condições de trabalho e grau de satisfação dos graduados do programa de Ortodontia da Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Estudo Exploratório

Resumen Introducción y objetivo: la ortodoncia se considera una especialidad clínica ejercida tradicionalmente en el marco de la práctica liberal independiente, sin embargo, los cambios en las dinámicas del mundo laboral, ameritan realizar monitoreo permanente de condiciones laborales de graduados de especialidades odontológicas. Describir las condiciones laborales y la satisfacción con el ejercicio profesional de los graduados del programa de ortodoncia, Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Sede Medellín. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal sobre el total de la población de graduados del programa. La información se recolectó a través de una encuesta. Se realizó análisis univariado para la descripción de la información y análisis bivariado para explorar asociaciones. Resultados: la frecuencia de respuesta fue del 65% y la totalidad de los participantes reportó un tiempo menor a 6 meses para su inserción laboral. Se estableció con mayor frecuencia contratación por prestación de servicios. En general, la satisfacción con el ejercicio profesional fue alta, sin embargo, un 39,4% reportó mediana o baja satisfacción con el tipo de contrato. El sexo se encontró asociado al número de horas laboradas semanalmente. Conclusiones: las condiciones de los graduados son favorables en ciertos aspectos, entre ellos, la inserción al mercado laboral en corto tiempo. Asimismo, los ingresos están en rango alto frente a los promedios del país, sin embargo, se requieren estudios que amplíen el análisis acerca de aspectos como el tipo de contratación, las horas laboradas y elementos de flexibilización laboral que pueden llevar a un deterioro progresivo del ejercicio profesional de los especialistas.

Abstract Introduction and objective: orthodontics is considered a clinical specialization that has been traditionally practiced in an independent fashion. However, working conditions for graduates from dental specialties need to be monitored due to dynamic changes of the working world. To describe the working conditions and level of satisfaction of graduates from the Orthodontics program at Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Medellin campus. Materials and methods: transversal descriptive study that considered the total population of graduates from the program. Information was collected by the use of a previously validated survey. A univariate analysis for description of information and a bivariate analysis to explore possible associations were carried out. Results: frequency of response was 65% and the whole population reported finding a job within the first six months after graduation. Provision of services was the most frequent form of contract. In general, the level of satisfaction was high, but 39.4% of the population reported average or low satisfaction, especially regarding the type of contract. Gender was associated with number of weekly worked hours. Conclusions: conditions for graduates are favorable in some areas, including the fact that occupation was readily found. Likewise, income is high when compared to average salaries in the country. However, further studies are required to expand the analyses of different aspects, such as type of contract, working hours and elements of working flexibilization that might lead to a deterioration in the professional services provided by these specialists.

Resumo Introdução e objetivo: A ortodontia é considerada uma especialidade clínica exercida tradicionalmente no âmbito da prática liberal independente. Porém, as mudanças na dinâmica do mundo do trabalho merecem acompanhamento permanente das condições de trabalho dos graduados das especialidades odontológicas. Descrever as condições de trabalho e o grau de satisfação com a prática profissional dos graduados do programa de ortodontia da Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, campus de Medellín. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal descritivo sobre a população total de formados do programa. A informação foi recolhida através de um inquérito previamente validado. Foi realizada uma análise univariada para descrever a informação e uma análise bivariada para explorar associações. Resultados: A frequência de resposta foi de 65% com todos os participantes a relataram um tempo inferior de 6 meses para a sua inserção laboral. Foi determinada com maior frequência a contratação para prestação. Em geral, a satisfação com a prática profissional foi elevada, porém 39,4% relataram uma satisfação média ou baixa, especificamente com o tipo de contrato. O número de horas trabalhadas por semana foi associado ao sexo. Conclusões: As condições dos graduados são favoráveis em certos aspetos, entre os quais, a inserção no mercado de trabalho num curto espaço de tempo. Similarmente, os rendimentos estão num nível alto em comparação com as médias do país; contudo, são necessários mais estudos a fim de alargar a análise a aspectos como o tipo de contratação, as horas trabalhadas e os elementos de flexibilidade laboral que podem levar a uma deterioração progressiva na actividade profissional dos especialistas.

Informes seguimiento a egresados de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas de la Universidad Nacional de Asunción carrera de Medicina y Cirugía sede Asunción cohorte 2010 al 2017 / Follow-up reports to graduates of the Faculty of Medical Sciences of the National University of Asunción, Medicine and Surgery degree, Asunción cohort 2010 to 2017

Introducción: Considerando la Ley de la Nación Paraguaya 4995/2013 "De Educación Superior", en su artículo 82°, establece que "la Agencia Nacional de Evaluación y Acreditación de la Educación Superior (ANEAES) es el organismo técnico encargado de evaluar y acreditar la calidad académica de los Institutos de Educación Superior". Por Resolución N°08/07 del Consejo Directivo de la ANEAES de fecha 17 de diciembre de 2007 aprueba los criterios de calidad para la carrera de medicina, donde en la dimensión 5, componente "egresados" establece: La carrera debe velar por el cumplimiento de las metas establecidas en cuanto a duración real de la carrera, logro del perfil de egreso e inserción de sus egresados en el mercado laboral. A los efectos se deberá establecer y aplicar mecanismos de consulta a los egresados para determinar su grado de satisfacción y retroalimentar el proceso formativo y los planes de mejora. Objetivos: contribuir a obtener información de la situación laboral y formación académica que permitan evaluar la calidad de la educación superior brindada y proponer mecanismos que contribuyan a la mejora del desempeño profesional de los egresados. Materiales y métodos: Los datos fueron procesados utilizando estadística descriptiva para todas las variables. El Instrumento utilizado es un Cuestionario conformado por 63 preguntas divididas en 5 secciones. Se contactó con los egresados por llamadas telefónicas y mensajería instantánea. Resultados: Durante los años 2010-2017, egresaron 984 profesionales. Total, de Encuestados: 133 egresados, siendo 73 mujeres (55%) y 60 hombres (45%). El 25 % de los egresados que han respondido la encuesta consideran que la formación académica recibida es excelente, el 44% considera que es muy buena, el 23% que es buena, el 6% regular y el 2% considera que es mala. Conclusión: El nivel de inserción laboral es alto al momento del egreso. La Satisfacción con la formación académica recibida es muy buena, con recomendaciones viables para el plan de mejoras en el programa de estudio

Introduction: Considering the Law of the Paraguayan Nation 4995/2013 "On Higher Education", in its article 82°, establishes that "the National Agency for the Evaluation and Accreditation of Higher Education (ANEAES) is the technical body in charge of evaluating and accrediting the academic quality of the Institutes of Higher Education". By Resolution N ° 08/07 of the Board of Directors of the ANEAES dated December 17, 2007, it approves the quality criteria for the medical career, where in dimension 5, the "graduates" component, it establishes: The career must ensure compliance of the goals established in terms of real duration of the career, achievement of the graduation profile and insertion of its graduates in the labor market. For this purpose, consultation mechanisms must be established and applied to graduates to determine their degree of satisfaction and provide feedback on the training process and improvement plans. Objectives: The objective of this follow-up report was to obtain useful information on the employment situation and academic training that allow evaluating the quality and relevance of the higher education provided and proposing mechanisms that contribute to the improvement of the professional performance of graduates. Materials and methods: The data were processed using descriptive statistics for all variables. The Instrument used is a Questionnaire made up of 63 questions divided into 5 sections. Graduates were contacted by phone calls and instant messaging. Results: During the years 2010-2017, 984 professionals graduated. Total of Respondents: 133 graduates, being 73 women (55%) and 60 men (45%). 25% of the graduates who responded to the survey consider that the academic training received is excellent, 44% consider it very good, 23% that it is good, 6% fair and 2% consider that it is bad. Conclusion: The level of labor insertion is high at the time of graduation. Satisfaction with the academic training received is very good, with viable recommendations for the improvement plan in the study program

Desempeño profesional de egresados de la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología / Professional performance of graduates from the Pharmacoepidemiology Master's Degree Course

Introducción: El seguimiento de los egresados permite conocer su desempeño profesional. Este aspecto no se ha tenido en cuenta en la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desempeño profesional de los egresados de las tres primeras ediciones de la maestría en Farmacoepidemiología entre 2010 y 2018. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por 73 egresados. Se midieron las variables: cargo relacionado con la farmacoepidemiología antes y después de la maestría, competencias en el área del conocimiento del programa, realización de actividades de farmacoepidemiología, promoción de cargo, categoría docente y científica, entre otras. Los egresados fueron encuestados por correo electrónico. Resultados: Respondieron la encuesta 52 egresados de los cuales el 57,7 por ciento residía en La Habana. Predominaron las mujeres (69,2 por ciento), la edad entre 41 y 50 años (53,8 por ciento) y los médicos (52 por ciento). La mayoría reconoció la influencia de la maestría para comunicar temas científicos y realizar investigaciones. El 46,2 por ciento trabajaba en farmacoepidemiología después del egreso; el 42,3 por ciento realizaba actividades de farmacoepidemiología como expertos del programa nacional de medicamentos, integraba los comités farmacoterapéuticos en su institución y desarrollaba estudios de utilización de medicamentos, entre otras; el 53,8 por ciento promovió de cargo; el 46,2 por ciento publicó los resultados de su tesis de maestría; y el 38,5 por ciento adquirió categorías docentes. Conclusiones: El desempeño profesional se caracterizó por cambios positivos, de magnitud heterogénea, sobre todo en actividades investigativas, lo que permitió considerar que existió impacto formativo en los egresados. La mayoría no trabajaba en farmacoepidemiología ni realizaba actividades relacionadas, lo que denotó incoordinación entre su formación y su vinculación con áreas de trabajo acordes con su capacitación(AU)

Introduction: Follow-up of graduates allows knowing their professional performance. This aspect has not been taken into account in the Master's Degree Course in Pharmacoepidemiology. Objective: To characterize professional performance of the graduates of the first three editions, between 2010 and 2018, of the Master's Degree Course in Pharmacoepidemiology. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out, with a universe of 73 graduates. The following variables were measured: position related to pharmacoepidemiology before and after the Master's Degree Course, competences in the program's area of knowledge, carrying out pharmacoepidemiology activities, promotion of position, teaching and scientific rank, among others. Graduates were surveyed by email. Results: Fifty-two graduates answered the survey, 57.7 percent of whom live in Havana. There was a predominance of women (69.2 percent), the age group 41-50 years (53.8 percent) and of doctors (52 percent). Most of the respondents recognized the influence of the Master's Degree Course in communicating scientific topics and conducting research. 46.2 percent worked in pharmacoepidemiology after completing the Master's Degree Course; 42.3 percent carried out pharmacoepidemiology activities as experts in the National Drug Program, were members of the pharmacotherapeutic committees at their institution, and developed studies on drug use, among others. 53.8 percent promoted from their positions; 46.2 percent published the results of their master's thesis; and 38.5 percent acquired teaching ranks. Conclusions: Professional performance was characterized by positive changes, of heterogeneous magnitude, especially in research activities, which allowed to consider that there was a training impact on graduates. Most of them did not work in pharmacoepidemiology nor carried out related activities, which denoted lack of coordination between their training and their connection with working areas consistent with their training(AU)