Acidentes de trabalho com exposição a material biológico entre profissionais de enfermagem no Paraná / Work accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing professionals in Paraná / Accidentes de trabajo con exposición a material biológico en profesionales de enfermería en Paraná

Objetivou-se analisar o perfil epidemiológico das notificações de acidentes de trabalho com exposição a materiais biológicos entre profissionais de enfermagem no Paraná, por meio da série histórica determinada pelos anos de 2013 a 2022. Estudo epidemiológico observacional descritivo do tipo levantamento, fundamentado na epidemiologia descritiva, a partir de dados do Sistema de Informações de Agravos de Notificação e do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde. Foram Identificados 48.405 casos, com prevalência de 98,54/1.000 profissionais. Destaca-se maior ocorrência no ano de 2019, na Regional de Saúde Metropolitana, entre técnicos de enfermagem, do sexo feminino, com faixa etária entre 31 e 40 anos. Entre enfermeiros, a faixa etária prevaleceu entre 18 e 30 anos, com evolução de alta sem conversão sorológica e fontes negativas para doenças. Destaca-se o alto número de tratamentos abandonados e subnotificações. Investir na formação profissional, na educação permanente, em equipamentos de proteção de qualidade e na efetivação dos protocolos para tratamento profilático é fundamental para prevenir o agravo.

The objective was to analyze the epidemiological profile of notifications of work accidents with exposure to biological material among nursing professionals in Parana, through the historical series determined for the years 2013 to 2022. Descriptive observational epidemiological study of the survey type, based on descriptive epidemiology, based on data from the System Information on Notifiable Diseases and the National Registry of Health Establishments. 48,405 cases were identified, with a prevalence of 98.54/1,000. More occurrences among female nursing technicians aged between 31 and 40 years old, from the Metropolitan Health Regional Facilities, in year 2019, stand out. Among nurses, the age range was between 18 and 30 years old, with discharge progressing without serological conversion and negative sources of disease. The high number of abandoned treatments and underreporting stands out. Investing in professional training, continuing education, quality protective equipment and implementing protocols for prophylactic treatment are essential to prevent the disease.

El objetivo fue analizar el perfil epidemiológico de las notificaciones entre profesionales de enfermería de Paraná, a través de la serie histórica determinada para los años 2013 a 2022. Estudio epidemiológico observacional descriptivo, tipo encuesta, con base en epidemiología descriptiva, a partir de datos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación Obligatoria. Se identificaron 48.405 casos, con una prevalencia de 98,54/1.000. Sobresalen más ocurrencias en 2019 entre técnicos de enfermería, del sexo femenino, edades entre 31 y 40 años, en la Regional de Salud Metropolitana. Entre los enfermeros, el rango de edad estuvo comprendido entre 18 y 30 años, progresando el alta sin conversión serológica y focos negativos de enfermedad. Destaca elevado número de tratamientos abandonados y subregistro. Invertir en formación profesional, educación continua, equipos de protección de calidad e implementar protocolos de tratamiento profiláctico son fundamentales para prevenir la enfermedad.

A arte de elaborar uma pergunta de pesquisa / The art of crafting a research question

A criatividade na elaboração da pergunta impacta todo o processo da pesquisa, buscando suprir as lacuna do conhecimento, gerar percepções, instigar reflexões e procurar resolver problemas até então insolúveis. Objetivo: refletir acerca dos princípios fundamentais envolvidos na formulação de perguntas de pesquisa. Método: Estudo de crítico e reflexivo sobre tendências, lacunas e perspectivas emergentes contribuindo para uma compreensão mais aprofundada da complexidade envolvida na elaboração de perguntas de pesquisa. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias "Dimensões" e "Parâmetros" essenciais na elaboração da pergunta de pesquisa". Discussão: Acadêmicos e orientadores enfrentam dificuldades ao identificar elementos essenciais em uma pergunta de pesquisa estratégica e objetiva, denunciando a incerteza que provoca para a compreensão e investigação dos fenômenos. Deve ser sustentada por um paradigma de intelegibilidade, relação lógica e coerência epistemológica, subsidiando o autor na explcitação de sua voz. Conclusão: A habilidade de elaborar uma pergunta de pesquisa destaca a maestria do pesquisador, transcendendo a fronteira meramente linguistica.(AU)

Creativity in question formulation has an impact on the entire research process, seeking to fill knowledge gaps, generate insights, instigate reflections and try to solve previously unsolvable problems. Objective: To reflect on the fundamental principles involved in formulating research questions. Method: A critical and reflective study on emerging trends, gaps and perspectives, contributing to a deeper understanding of the complexity involved in formulating research questions. Results: Two categories emerged: "Dimensions" and "Parameters", which are essential when formulating a research question". Discussion: Academics and advisors face difficulties in identifying essential elements in a strategic and objective research question, denouncing the uncertainty it causes for understanding and investigating phenomena. It must be supported by a paradigm of intelegibility, logical relationship and epistemological coherence, supporting the author in explaining his or her voice. Conclusion: The ability to elaborate a research question highlights the mastery of the researcher, transcending the merely linguistic frontier.(AU)

La creatividad en la formulación de preguntas repercute en todo el proceso de investigación, al tratar de colmar lagunas de conocimiento, generar ideas, suscitar reflexiones y tratar de resolver problemas antes insolubles. Objetivo: Reflexionar sobre los principios fundamentales implicados en la formulación de preguntas de investigación. Método: Estudio crítico y reflexivo de las tendencias, lagunas y perspectivas emergentes, contribuyendo a una comprensión más profunda de la complejidad que entraña la formulación de preguntas de investigación. Resultados: Surgieron dos categorías: "Dimensiones" y "Parámetros" que son esenciales a la hora de diseñar una pregunta de investigación". Discusión: Académicos y orientadores enfrentan dificultades para identificar los elementos esenciales en una pregunta de investigación estratégica y objetiva, denunciando la incertidumbre que provoca para la comprensión e investigación de los fenómenos. Debe apoyarse en un paradigma de intelegibilidad, relación lógica y coherencia epistemológica, ayudando al autor a explicitar su voz. Conclusión: La capacidad de elaborar una pregunta de investigación destaca el dominio del investigador, trascendiendo la frontera meramente lingüística. (AU)

Medical and forensic aspects of performing a remote interrogation of persons with disabilities / Aspectos médicos y forenses de la realización de un interrogatorio a distancia a personas con discapacidad / Aspectos médicos e forenses da realização de um interrogatório remoto de pessoas com deficiências

The purpose of the study is to develop new proposals for improving criminal procedural legislation in the field of conducting remote investigative actions with disabled persons, taking into account their physiological and functional characteristics. Research material and methods: This study is based on an analysis of the norms regarding the criminal procedural legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan and a number of foreign states that regulate the procedure for conducting remote investigative actions - as well as scientific publications on the research topic in the field of psychology and medicine. An integrated approach involves considering the studied phenomena of communication during an investigative action as a set of interconnected and interdependent elements, i.e., consideration of the issue from the medical, psychological and legal points of view. Situational and systemic types of analysis, complex sociological analysis, diagnostics and forecasting investigative situation were also used. Methods of analysis and synthesis, induction, deduction, methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis were employed to clarify the legal essence of the studied phenomenon. Findings: practical recommendations aimed at improving and developing the performance of remote investigative actions involving persons with disabilities (further ­ FWDs) y creating optimal conditions for the transfer of verbal, medical, and psychological information, as well as technical and forensic support for conducting RIAs. The following conclusions were made: in order to improve the current legislation, it is advisable to consider the issue of developing and including a special norm in the legislation, taking into account the characteristics of the communicative competencies of persons with disabilities. This norm regulates the procedure for conducting investigative actions involving the mute, deaf, blind and other persons with disabilities.

El objetivo del estudio es elaborar nuevas propuestas de mejora de la legislación procesal penal en el ámbito de la realización de actuaciones de investigación a distancia con personas con discapacidad, teniendo en cuenta sus características fisiológicas y funcionales. Material y métodos de investigación: Este estudio se basa en un análisis de las normas relativas a la legislación procesal penal de la República de Kazajstán y de una serie de Estados extranjeros que regulan el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación a distancia -, así como publicaciones científicas sobre el tema de investigación en el campo de la psicología y la medicina. Un enfoque integrado implica considerar los fenómenos estudiados de comunicación durante una acción de investigación como un conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependientes, es decir, considerar la cuestión desde los puntos de vista médico, psicológico y jurídico. También se utilizaron los tipos de análisis situacional y sistémico, el análisis sociológico complejo, el diagnóstico y la previsión de la situación de investigación. Se emplearon métodos de análisis y síntesis, inducción, deducción, métodos de análisis cualitativo y cuantitativo para aclarar la esencia jurídica del fenómeno estudiado. Conclusiones: recomendaciones prácticas destinadas a mejorar y desarrollar la realización de acciones de investigación a distancia en las que participen personas con discapacidad (en adelante - RIA) y crear condiciones óptimas para la transferencia de información verbal, médica y psicológica, así como apoyo técnico y forense para la realización de las RIA. Se llegó a las siguientes conclusiones:con el fin de mejorar la legislación actual, es aconsejable considerar la cuestión de desarrollar e incluir una norma especial en la legislación, teniendo en cuenta las características de las competencias comunicativas de las personas con discapacidad. Esta norma regula el procedimiento para llevar a cabo acciones de investigación en las que estén implicadas personas mudas, sordas, ciegas y otras personas con discapacidad.

O objetivo do estudo é desenvolver novas propostas para aprimorar a legislação processual penal no campo da realização de ações investigativas remotas com pessoas com deficiência, levando em conta suas características fisiológicas e funcionais. Material e métodos de pesquisa: Este estudo baseia-se em uma análise das normas relativas à legislação processual penal da República do Cazaquistão e de vários países estrangeiros que regulamentam o procedimento para a realização de ações investigativas remotas, bem como em publicações científicas sobre o tópico de pesquisa no campo da psicologia e da medicina. Uma abordagem integrada envolve a consideração dos fenômenos estudados de comunicação durante uma ação investigativa como um conjunto de elementos interconectados e interdependentes, ou seja, a consideração da questão dos pontos de vista médico, psicológico e jurídico. Também foram usados tipos de análise situacional e sistêmica, análise sociológica complexa, diagnóstico e previsão da situação investigativa. Métodos de análise e síntese, indução, dedução, métodos de análise qualitativa e quantitativa foram empregados para esclarecer a essência legal do fenômeno estudado. Resultados: recomendações práticas com o objetivo de aprimorar e desenvolver o desempenho de ações investigativas remotas envolvendo pessoas com deficiência (mais adiante - FWDs), criando condições ideais para a transferência de informações verbais, médicas e psicológicas, bem como suporte técnico e forense para a realização de RIAs. Foram feitas as seguintes conclusões: para aprimorar a legislação atual, é aconselhável considerar a questão do desenvolvimento e da inclusão de uma norma especial na legislação, levando em conta as características das competências comunicativas das pessoas com deficiência. Essa norma regulamenta o procedimento para conduzir ações investigativas envolvendo pessoas mudas, surdas, cegas e outras pessoas com deficiência.

Epidemiological investigation of a case of severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in Jiujiang / 上海预防医学

To clarify the causal factors of a case with severe Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in Jiujiang District， Jiangxi Province and provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control. Basic information and epidemiological data of the case were collected by epidemiological survey， and the samples from the close contacts and environment were collected for pathogen detection. A 37-year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital due to "fever with cough for five days and worsening dyspnea". The results of targeted next-generation sequencing （tNGS） of pathogenic microorganisms in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of the case indicated that the patient was infected with Chlamydia psittaci. Our epidemiological investigation revealed a clear history of chicken and duck exposure. Four throat swab samples of close contacts and one spleen， liver and lung sample of sick chicken and duck were collected for testing. One of the duck tissue samples tested positive， while the other samples were negative. The severe pneumonia was likely caused by exposure to the external environment contaminated by Chlamydia psittaci. Poultry farming should be regulated to prevent the transmission infection from poultry to humans．Additionally， awareness among medical staff should be increased to prevent severe outcomes．

Epidemiological investigation and management of the first monkeypox cluster outbreak in Wuhan / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To describe the epidemiological characteristics, investigation and treatment process of the first monkeypox cluster outbreak in Wuhan, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of monkeypox cluster outbreak in the future. Methods Field epidemiological investigation was conducted on the cases, and throat swabs, anal swabs, shingles fluid, whole blood, and serum samples were collected from the cases. Subsequently, real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed for the detection of monkeypox virus nucleic acid and subsequent gene sequencing. Results Two cases had a high-risk exposure behavior in a hotel in Wuhan on June 2, 2023. The first case exhibited the emergence of beige papules on June 5 and sought medical treatment at a tertiary hospital in Wuhan on June 11. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention conducted tests on herpes fluid samples, which yielded positive results for the presence of monkeypox virus nucleic acid. Genetic sequencing analysis revealed that the infecting strain of the monkeypox virus in this case belonged to the West African clade B.1. Conclusion Based on epidemiological investigation and laboratory results, this monkeypox cluster outbreak may be caused by latent men with men sexual transmission. Monkeypox has the risk of both overseas importation and local transmission in our country. It is very necessary to detect, report and deal with monkeypox outbreak early.

Epidemiological Investigation of Dampness Syndrome Manifestations in the Population at Risk of Cerebrovascular Disease / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To make an epidemiological investigation on traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)dampness syndrome manifestations in the population at risk of cerebrovascular diseases in Guangdong area.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the clinical data related to the risk of cerebrovascular diseases in 330 Guangdong permanent residents.The diagnosis of dampness syndrome,quantitative scoring of dampness syndrome and rating of the risk of stroke were performed for the investigation of the distribution pattern of dampness syndrome and its influencing factors.Results(1)A total of 306(92.73%)study subjects were diagnosed as dampness syndrome.The percentage of dampness syndrome in the risk group was 93.82%(258/275),which was slightly higher than that of the healthy group(48/55,87.27%),but the difference was not statistically significant(χ2 = 2.91,P = 0.112).The quantitative score of dampness syndrome in the risk group was higher than that of the healthy group,and the difference was statistically significance(Z =-2.24,P = 0.025).(2)Among the study subjects at risk of cerebrovascular disease,evaluation time(χ2 = 26.11,P = 0.001),stroke risk grading(χ2= 8.85,P = 0.031),and history of stroke or transient ischemic attack(TIA)(χ2 = 9.28,P = 0.015)were the factors influencing the grading of dampness syndrome in the population at risk of cerebrovascular disease.Conclusion Dampness syndrome is the common TCM syndrome in the population of Guangdong area.The manifestations of dampness syndrome are more obvious in the population with risk factors of cerebrovascular disease,especially in the population at high risk of stroke,and in the population with a history of stroke or TIA.The assessment and intervention of dampness syndrome should be taken into account for future project of stroke prevention in Guangdong.

Investigation and Analysis of Health Education Needs of Patients Undergoing Radiofrequency Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation Based on Kano Model / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To investigate the health education needs of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation and to provide a basis for the formulation of targeted health education programs.Methods A self-designed questionnaire on the health education needs of patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing radiofrequency ablation was designed based on the Kano model.A total of 190 patients with atrial fibrillation who underwent radiofrequency ablation in Grade 3A Hospital of Yunnan Province from February to July 2023 were investigated,and their health education needs were determined according to the Kano model.Results A total of 190 questionnaires were sent out,180 valid questionnaires were recovered,and the effective recovery rate was 94.74%.Among the 32 health education needs of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation,including 6 necessary needs,13 expected needs,11 charismatic needs,and 2 undifferentiated needs,no reverse demand was found.The importance-satisfaction matrix diagram shows that 12 items are located in the dominant area,11 items in the area to be improved,7 items in the maintenance area,and 2 items in the secondary improvement area.Conclusion The Kano model can analyze the health education needs of patients undergoing radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation in multiple dimensions,and provide a reference for doctors and nurses to further develop the content and form of patient-oriented health education.

Analysis of treatment gap of convulsive epilepsy patients in rural areas of Jiangsu Province / 临床神经病学杂志

Objective To explore the treatment gap and influencing factors of convulsive epilepsy in rural areas of Jiangsu Province.Methods The clinical data of 7836 rural convulsive epilepsy patients screened from 2005 to 2020 were statistically analyzed,and the treatment status,treatment gap and related influencing factors of epilepsy patients were analyzed.Results A total of 7836 patients with convulsive epilepsy were enrolled in this study.The treatment gap for convulsive epilepsy in rural areas of Jiangsu Province was 69.05%.There was no significant difference in the treatment gap between different genders(P＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the treatment gap between age(χ2 = 12.196,P =0.007),age of onset(χ2 =58.658,P＜0.001),disease duration(χ2 =65.430,P＜0.001),seizure frequency(χ2 =171.276,P＜0.001),and hospitalization level(χ2 = 122.076,P＜0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the older the age of onset was,the shorter the course of the disease was,the more frequent the seizures was,and the greater the treatment gap in patients with epilepsy was(all P＜0.05).Patients aged 45-59 years(P =0.012)and treated in municipal and county hospitals(P＜0.001)were more likely to receive regular anti-epileptic treatment.Conclusions There is a significant treatment gap for convulsive epilepsy patients in rural areas of Jiangsu Province.This may be due to insufficient awareness of epilepsy and the underdevelopment of primary healthcare institutions.

Epidemiological study on common congenital heart disease in children in ethnic minority areas in south-eastern Guizhou and influencing factors of delayed medical treatment / 实用医学杂志

Objective To conduct an epidemiological survey of common congenital heart disease(CHD)among children in ethnic minority areas in southeastern Guizhou and to explore the influencing factors of delayed medical treatment.Methods From January 2019 to July 2022,18 850 children aged 3 months to 14 years in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture were selected;105 children with CHD were included in the training set,and they were divided into delayed group(80 cases)and non-delayed group(25 cases)according to whether or not to delay medical treatment.In addition,children with CHD(35 cases)from July 2022 to December 2022 were included in the validation set.The general data of the subjects in the two groups were compared and ana-lyzed.Multivariate logistic regression was performed and risk scoring model was constructed.Results The preva-lence of CHD in 18 850 children was 5.57‰(105/18 850),with the highest prevalence in Liping County,and the lowest in Huangping County.The proportion of children with secondary atrial septal defect was the highest,and that of the aortic valve malformation was the lowest.Among the complex cases of CHD,the proportion of children with single type was the highest,and that of children with three or more types were the lowest.Among children with CHD,the rate of delayed medical treatment was 76.19% (80/105).The median delay in medical treatment was 12 months,with an average of(18.78±4.77)months.Multifactor logistic regression analysis showed that heart murmur(level 2～3),less-educated(primary and secondary school)guardian,family per capita income<2 000 yuan,and frequent drinking of the guardian were independent risk factors for delayed medical treatment(P<0.05),and commercial settlement of medical expenses was independent protective factor(P<0.05).Risk scoring model divided the children into three groups:low risk(≤80 points),medium risk(>80 points and≤134 points)and high(>134 points)risk group.The evaluation of the model show that it was accurate,effective,safe,and reliable.Conclusion The highest prevalence is observed in Liping County.The proportion of children with secondary atrial septal defect and the proportion of children with single type are the highest.Delayed medical treat-ment is found in most of the children with CHD.Cardiac murmur,education background of the guardian,per capita family income,guardian alcohol consumption,and medical expense settlement method are all independent influencing factors for delayed medical treatment.

Investigation and Analysis of Pharmacovigilance Inspection of Drug Marketing Authorization Holders / 医药导报

Objective To investigate the current situation,problems and suggestions of pharmacovigilance activities conducted by drug marketing authorization holders(MAH)and pharmacovigilance inspections carried by regulatory authorities.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted on relevant institutions and personnel responsible for pharmacovigilance inspections in 31 provinces,autonomous regions,municipalities and the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.The MAH pharmacovigilance activities were rated from 5 aspects(5 major items and 27 specific items).Results The average overall score for 5 major items was 3.46;The average score for 27 specific activities was 3.50.The MAH scored the highest in terms of pharmacovigilance organization,personnel,and resources,and scored the lowest in terms of drug risk identification and assessment.Conclusion MAH needs to further strengthen their awareness of primary responsibility,gradually improve the pharmacovigilance system,and constantly improve the ability and level of pharmacovigilance;The drug regulatory department should also provide guidance to enterprises,establish and improve the team of inspectors,and systematically advanced various aspects of pharmocovigilance inspection.

Epidemiological investigation of the first psittacosis death case in Hangzhou City,China / 中国人兽共患病学报

This study was aimed at performing epidemiologic investigation of the first psittacosis death case in Hangzhou City,to provide a reference for the investigation and disposal of psittacosis cases,as well as prevention and control.Epidemio-logic data were collected through field epidemiologic investigation,and close contacts and environmental samples were collected for pathogenicity testing.The first symptom in the patient was cough,which did not raise concerns at the time.Several days later,the patient developed abdominal distension and black stools,and visited two medical institutions for treatment and hospi-talization.The patient's sputum and peripheral blood were tested for Chlamydia psittaci infection by metagenomic analysis via next-generation sequencing.Samples collected from the patient's family members,close contacts,and home environment test-ed negative with real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.The patient later died of gastrointestinal bleeding.This article is the first report of a case of psittacosis contracted from exposure to a sick parrot in Hangzhou City,in a patient who died be-cause of an underlying disease.Operational training should be provided for medical personnel,and early diagnosis with mNGS and treatment of patients with underlying diseases should be performed as early as possible to avoid fatality.In addition,health education should be carried out to raise public awareness of the disease.

Identification of a rare Ael subtype / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To identify and analyze a case of ABO discrepancy between forward and reverse blood grouping, and to provide reference for the identification of ambiguous blood group in clinical. 【Methods】 ABO and Rh blood group typing, absorption and elution test, and gene sequencing were performed to confirm the ambiguous blood group. 【Results】 The sample was identified by absorption and elution test and molecular biological method to be Ael subtype, and was named ABO*AEL.05/ABO*O.01.01 by ISBT. After family investigation, the proband and her second son share the same characteristic mutation site, and was named ABO*AEL.05/ABO*B.01.01 by ISBT. 【Conclusion】 Multiple blood group serological tests and molecular biology tests help to identify ABO subtypes, thus assuring the safety, scientificity and rationality of clinical blood transfusion.

Research on technological roadmap based on theintegrated development of digestive tract endoscopy and artificial intelligence precision medicine / 中国医学装备

Objective:To study the technological roadmap of integrated development of digestive tract endoscopy and artificial intelligence precision medicine,and to provide research directions and feasible technological paths for the"overtaking on a curve"of domestic gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods:The Delphi method was used to investigate the needs and research directions for the refinement of gastrointestinal endoscopy from the perspective of medical professionals.An analysis of development directions of artificial intelligence precision medical technology based on technical documents on artificial intelligence precision medical technology was conducted.The application scenarios and technology roadmap of early gastric cancer and inflammatory bowel disease patients were designed from four main service directions of precise diagnosis,precise treatment,precise medication,and precise health management of artificial intelligence precision medicine.Results:Two refined application scenarios were designed for precise diagnosis of early gastric cancer and precise health management of inflammatory bowel disease patients,the layout direction and feasible path were planned for the development of the new gastrointestinal endoscopy industry,and a technology roadmap for the development of intelligent gastrointestinal endoscopy industrywas formed.Conclusion:The technology roadmap for the integrated development of gastrointestinal endoscopy with artificial intelligence precision medicine provides a sustainable development path for addressing the patent blockade of foreign gastrointestinal endoscopy companies on domestic products,uneven distribution of medical resources in the field of gastroenterology,and early diagnosis and treatment of digestive system diseases.

Investigation and analysis of the sources and intervention effects of glaucoma related knowledge among community residents / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM:To investigate the effect of glaucoma knowledge education among community residents and knowledge source, and to provide reference for improving the awareness rate of glaucoma knowledge among residents.METHODS: From July 1, 2023 to September 30, 2023, a total of 752 residents live in two communities of Jinhua city were randomly selected to investigate the source of glaucoma prevention and treatment knowledge. In addition, comprehensive health education intervention lasted for 3 mo, awareness rate of core knowledge of glaucoma was investigated before and after the intervention, and the effect of the intervention was evaluated.RESULTS: The source of glaucoma related knowledge for radio and television was 33.4%; the mobile network was 40.9%; the health education was 21.5%. The overall awareness rate of glaucoma related knowledge before education intervention was 32.7%; the overall awareness rate after intervention was 48.4%, and the comparison before and after intervention was statistically significant(χ2=37.130, P&#x003C;0.001). The awareness rate of 18 questions were statistically significant before and after the intervention(χ2≥13.341, P&#x003C;0.001).CONCLUSION: The awareness rate of glaucoma related knowledge among residents was low, and mobile phone network and radio and television were the main sources of glaucoma related knowledge, so the education intervention was an effective means to improve glaucoma related knowledge.

Investigation of a Mycoplasma pneumoniae outbreak in a welfare institution / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo carry out an epidemiological analysis on an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection at a welfare institution to provide a theoretical basis for the corresponding prevention and control measures. MethodsUsing the method of field epidemiological investigation， special field treatment was carried out in September 2022. Serum samples from cases and close contacts in the same ward area were collected for detection of nine respiratory tract infection pathogens （Mycoplasma pneumoniae， chlamydia， influenza， human metapneumosis， respiratory syncytial， human boca， parainfluenza type 1‒4 virus， and Middle East respiratory syndrome， severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus） by immunofluorescence immunoglobulin M （IgM） antibody test. ResultsA total of 14 Mycoplasma pneumoniae cases were identified， all of whom were residents of the welfare institution. The first case occurred on September 4， while the last case was reported on September 13. The incidence rate of the fifth ward area where the first case reported was 12.82% （10/78）， and it was 3.57% （3/84） in the third ward area and 1.20% （1/83） in the first ward area. There was a significant difference in incidence rates between ward areas （χ2=8.90， P<0.05）， but no significant difference was observed in age distribution and length of hospitalization. Thirty-three samples were collected for detection of nine kinds of IgM antibodies against respiratory pathogens. The results showed that the Mycoplasma pneumoniae IgM antibody was weakly positive in the 14 cases. ConclusionBased on the epidemiological history， clinical symptoms and laboratory tests， it was concluded that it was an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection within the welfare institution. Welfare institutions should continue to control the occurrence and outbreak of infection through effective routine hygiene， ventilation， and disinfection so as to ensure the health and safety of their clients.

Hygienic investigation and analysis of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District， Shanghai / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the public health status of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District， Shanghai. MethodsReferring to the hygiene standards and testing methods for public places， an investigation of the current situation and environmental monitoring were conducted in 15 escape room-style venues in Yangpu District， which involved exploring the changes in physical， chemical， and microbial indicators before and after the game. ResultsThe hygiene condition of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District was generally good， with all 19 monitoring indicators not exceeding the indoor standards. The indoor carbon dioxide （CO2） and formaldehyde concentrations increased significantly after the game but did not exceed the standards. ConclusionThe hygiene condition of escape room-style venues in Yangpu District is good. However， potential public health risks were identified in four aspects： site selection and design， length of the game， cross-contamination， and training and management.

Investigation on polyurethane grouting waterproof material-induced occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane poisoning in the construction industry / 中国职业医学

ObjectiveTo analyze the causes of occupational acute 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCE) poisoning accident during the use of polyurethane grouting materials for waterproof plugging operation in the construction industry. Methods By combining the clinical symptoms of the patient, worksite survey of occupational health and workplace occupational hazards monitoring method, the cause of an occupational acute 1,2-DCE poisoning accident was investigated at a construction site during the use of polyurethane grouting material for waterproofing and plugging operations. Results The patient was engaged in waterproof grouting work using polyurethane grouting material. The main volatile organic components in the raw materials were 1,2-DCE, with traces of dichloromethane, methyl acetate and others. The result of post-incident on-site investigation showed that the short-term exposure concentration of 1,2-DCE in the workplace air was 578.70 mg/m3, which was more than 30 times higher than the national occupational health standard limit. The mass concentration of 1,2-DCE in the patient's blood was 230 μg/L. Combined with the patient's occupational hazard exposure history, clinical manifestations, worksite survey of occupational health, and laboratory test results, according to GBZ 39-2016 Diagnosis of Occupational Acute 1,2-Dichloroethane Poisoning, this incident was diagnosed as a severe occupational acute 1,2-DCE poisoning event caused by the use of inferior polyurethane grouting material. Conclusion The excessive concentration of 1,2-DCE in the workplace air is the main cause of this poisoning accident. Construction sites with confined space operations should improve various occupational health management systems, occupational health engineering protective facilities, and personal protective equipment must be provided for workers.

Epidemiological investigation of an incident of suspected intentional transmission of AIDS / 预防医学

Abstract@#On 18 May 2021, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) of X District in P City, Z Province received a co-investigation of a suspected case of intentional HIV transmission from the public security branch, and conducted epidemiological investigations on Zhao and Wang (both males). Wang was confirmed HIV-positive in 2019. Zhao had unprotected sexual encounters several times with Wang in March 2021 without being informed of Wang's HIV infection. Zhao developed fever, sore throat and other symptoms of acute infection phase on 28 March, and were confirmed HIV positive by the CDC of P City on 11 May. Zhao did not have sex with anyone else before or after having sex with Wang. In addition, Zhao had no history of surgery, blood transfusions, drug use or any other history of HIV exposure. Laboratory tests conducted by the CDC of Z Province showed that the HIV nucleic acid sequences between the samples of Zhao and Wang had a high degree of homology. Combined with the epidemiological investigation, laboratory testing and the evidence from the public security branch, it was concluded that Wang intentionally transmitted HIV to Zhao through unprotected anal sex without disclosing his HIV infection status.

Epidemiological investigation of a cluster of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis / 预防医学

Abstract@#In November 2023, the Jinhua Center for Disease Control and Prevention received a report from a company indicating 3 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis. An on-site epidemiological investigation was immediately conducted. A total of 3 cases were reported, with an attack rate of 9.68%. The first case had cough and expectoration for more than a year, and diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis on November 16, 2023, and the other 2 cases were his colleagues who were diagnosed with rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis and etiology negative pulmonary tuberculosis on November 20 and 21, respectively. Based on the on-site investigation and laboratory test results, it was a cluster of rifampicin-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis. The likely cause of the spread might be the lack of timely medical attention for the first case, which led to the infection of other colleagues through contact transmission. Eight close contacts screened positive for purified protein derivative (PDD) or recombinantMycobacterium tuberculosisfusion protein skin test (EC-ST), given the injection of mycobaeterium vaccae vaccine, and no new cases of tuberculosis detected in the 3-month follow-up. The outbreak highlighted the necessity for the company to enhance health education concerning the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis, implement regular health monitoring and enhance the physical examination for employee in order to increase sensitivity to pulmonary tuberculosis.