Patient Safety Management Systems in Primary Care Clinics in Japan / 日本プライマリ・ケア連合学会誌

Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the current status of patient safety management systems in primary care clinics in Japan.Methods: An online survey on patient safety management systems was conducted among primary care physicians certified by the Japan Primary Care Association who serve as clinic managers.Results: A total of 183 physicians participated in the survey. We found that 53.0%, 73.2%, 38.8%, and 32.8% had developed medical safety guidelines, nosocomial infection control guidelines, drug safety guidelines, and medical device safety guidelines, respectively. Furthermore, 64.5% had fewer than 10 incident/accident reports in the past year, the most common of which were prescription errors, vaccine errors, falls, and needle sticks.Conclusion: The issues identified in this study serve as a basis for promoting the development of educational programs and the creation of evaluation and improvement tools aimed at enhancing patient safety in clinics.

Efficacy of a Novel Recording Method in Facilitating Rapid Documentation of Disaster Rehabilitation Support Activities / The Japanese Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine

Objective：An efficient disaster relief service necessitates the documentation and dissemination of information acquired from disaster response-related activities. However, recording and summarizing information pertaining to rehabilitation support activities is time-consuming and a pressing concern；therefore, mark-sheet forms have been introduced to reduce the time required for this process. Therefore, this study aimed to examine whether mark-sheet forms can facilitate a more accurate and rapid recording of information than conventional descriptive recording forms.Methods：Fifty physical therapists affiliated with the Osaka Physical Therapists Association with no history of performing disaster rehabilitation support activities were recruited. Participants were randomized into descriptive recording form and mark-sheet form groups. Individuals in both groups were instructed to document the information gathered by watching simulated videos of the rehabilitation support activities on their designated recording forms. A statistical analysis compared the accuracy and time required to record the data obtained from the 10 simulation videos between groups.Results：In all 10 scenarios, the recording time was significantly shorter (p＜0.05) for the mark-sheet form than descriptive recording form group. However, no discernible intergroup difference was observed in recorded content accuracy.Conclusion：The use of mark-sheet versus descriptive recording forms facilitated more rapid documentation of disaster rehabilitation support activities.

Perspectives of persons in charge regarding support for the health and daily lives of female technical intern trainees who migrate to Japan: a qualitative study / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objectives: Migrant technical intern trainees who migrate to Japan have become essential to the Japanese labour force, especially in rural areas. Persons in charge of supervising organisations and training coordinators both support the trainees’ health and daily lives during their stay in Japan. This support is significant for trainees as it helps them access and interact with Japanese society. This study explored the perspectives of persons in charge of female technical trainees regarding support for the latter’s health and daily lives.Materials and Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 persons in charge of female technical trainees, followed by a thematic analysis of the interview data to extract key themes.Results: Four primary themes emerged: fostered beliefs and roles, cultural considerations and health support, language considerations, and concerns about female trainees in relationships. These considerations and support developed solely through experience of persons in charge of female trainees. Additionally, those in charge expressed concerns about trainees being involved in a relationship. However, no specific measures, such as providing female trainees with information, have been taken.Conclusion: Persons in charge of female technical intern trainees need to be provided opportunities to learn about cultural considerations and providing health support for their trainees. Furthermore, the cooperation of health professionals with supervising organisations and training facilities is essential to promote the healthy lives of technical intern trainees. These insights can contribute to the development of an integrated community-based approach to support the health and daily lives of female trainees.

Labor shortage of physicians in rural areas and surgical specialties caused by Work Style Reform Policies of the Japanese government: a quantitative simulation analysis / Journal of Rural Medicine

Objective: The Japanese government’s physician workforce reform, which commenced in April 2024, introduced regulations on physicians’ working hours. However, in areas facing physician shortages such as rural regions and surgical medical specialties, healthcare provision relies heavily on the extended working hours of each physician. The anticipated impact of this reform, when implemented, was significant.Materials and Methods: Using publicly available government data, we estimated the current working hours of physicians in various medical specialties in each prefecture across Japan. Subsequently, we calculated the ratio of surplus or deficit physicians when hypothetically assuming that all physicians adhered to the regulatory upper limit of 58.4 working hours per week nationwide.Results: Assuming that all physicians work to the regulated maximum, there would be a shortage of doctors in various medical specialties across Japan, such as surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, and emergency medicine. Geographically, shortages of doctors are observed in rural prefectures such as those in the Tohoku region, particularly in emergency- and surgery-related specialties, indicating a critical shortage of physicians in rural areas. Additionally, it has become evident that even in medical specialties with a calculated surplus of physicians nationwide, the margin of surplus is generally only a few percentage points.Conclusion: Currently, rural areas and surgical medical specialties in Japan have limited leeway in the physician workforce, and the strict application of workforce reform may lead to a severe shortage of physicians in these areas. It is noteworthy that as similar reforms may subsequently be implemented in other countries, analogous challenges would arise. Thus, the implementation of workforce reform requires a flexible approach to minimize its negative effects, which widen the existing disparity in the workforce.

Report on Japan-Korea Symposium in 2023 / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The Japan-Korea Symposium, which was held face-to-face for the first time in three years, was held at the 72nd Academic Conference of the Japan Society of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in Kobe (June 10, 2023). The theme of the symposium was " The Current status and the Safety of Moxibustion" and four representatives from Japan and South Korea each gave presentations on the current status of moxibustion treatment in their countries, and a lively discussion took place. This paper provides an overview of the symposium.

Report on Participation in the Commemoration Ceremony of the 50th Anniversary of the Establishment of the Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine Society and the Japan-Korea Symposium / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Medicine Society (KAMMS) celebrated its 50th anniversary with a commemoration ceremony and a Japan-Korea Symposium held in Seoul in November 2023. This report outlines the participation and highlights from the commemoration ceremony celebrating the 50th anniversary of KAMMS on November 11 (Saturday), along with insights shared during the Japan-Korea Symposium held as a special session within KAMMS' Fall Academic Conference 2023 on November 12 (Sunday). The summary includes presentations delivered by four speakers during the symposium. The Korean session focused on "Collaborative-Based Integrated Healthcare," discussing endeavors in integrated medicine involving Western medicine and Korean medicine. Meanwhile, the Japanese session titled "Introduction of Acupuncture Clinics in Japanese University Hospital" highlighted efforts in acupuncture and moxibustion education within the Tohoku University Hospital in Japan.

Development and implications of physical fitness assessment for children and adolescents in Japan / 中国学校卫生

Abstract@#To help children and adolescents grow up healthily, using literature, comparative analysis and other research methods, the historical development of Japan s physical fitness assessment system for children and adolescents are analyzed for the content structure of the latest version of its physical fitness assessment system (Sports adaptability assessment Ⅱ). On the basis of this analysis, some practical suggestions are proposed for improving the National Physical Fitness Standards for Students in China, such as adding a physical fitness assessment system for preschoolers, grouping the test subjects by age and setting common test indicators for males and females. Thus, the improved National Student Physical Fitness Standard is more aligned with the physical and mental growth patterns of Chinese children and adolescents.

The construction and its implication of the cancer life-cycle prevention and control system in Japan / 中国卫生政策研究

As the country with the largest number of new cancer cases and deaths,China faces a serious situation with a large cancer population base,low relative survival rate,and low adherence to cancer screening.Neighboring Japan,which has the longest life expectancy in the world,has a much higher relative survival rate than China,despite having a similarly high cancer rate,due to its well-established system of cancer prevention and control.Being an Asian country,the major prevalent cancers in China and Japan are similar in spectrum and can be referred to more.This article introduces the construction of Japan's cancer life-cycle prevention and control system of"cancer prevention","cancer care",and"coexistence with cancer"starting from the three major goals of Japan's cancer prevention and control program,and focuses on the improvement of cancer screening in Japan and the improvement of cancer survival in China.It also highlights the means and methods used to increase the cancer screening rate in Japan,with a view to providing suggestions for cancer prevention and control in China.

Enlightenment of Japan expanded access clinical trial system to China’s compassionate drug use system / 中国药房

The system of compassionate drug use in China is in the preliminary exploration stage， and the formal management methods and specific implementation rules have not been promulgated， which needs to be further optimized and perfected. Japan realizes the advanced use of unapproved drugs by expanded access clinical trial system， and makes clear provisions on information acquisition， target patient， informed consent， subject of application， implementation plan， handling of refusal to administer medication， drug expenses， implementation deadline， compensation for accidental damages， post-approval data review after expanded access clinical trials. When the enterprise refuses to give drugs because of the “legitimacy reasons of the system”， the attending physician can also apply to the Ministry of Health， Labor and Welfare， and the Ministry of Health， Labor and Welfare will conduct the licensing evaluation to maximize the drug for patients. This “refusal to administer” reprocessing is a unique regulation in Japan， which ensures the accessibility of drugs to the greatest extent possible. Based on the analysis of the expanded access clinical trial system in Japan， it is found that our country could further build the information platform for compassionate drug use， play the leading role of physicians， protect the interests of enterprises， pay attention to the ethical review， and make drug cost payment problems further clear in order to improve and optimize the system of compassionate drug use.

Disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019: a comparative study / 现代泌尿外科杂志

【Objective】 To analyze the disease burden of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in China, Japan and South Korea from 1990 to 2019, so as to provide scientific basis for rational allocation of health resources. 【Methods】 Data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, prevalence and years lived with disability(YLD)were used to analyze the burden, and the average annual percent change and annual percent change were calculated. 【Results】 The incidence, prevalence and YLD rate in China were much higher than those in Japan and South Korea. The crude incidence in China, Japan and South Korea increased by 2.56%, 1.49% and 3.59% per year from 1990 to 2019, the crude prevalence rate increased by 2.70%, 2.34% and 4.03%, and the crude YLD rate increased by 2.68%, 2.33% and 4.04%. After age standardization, the disease burden in China decreased with time, but the trend was not significant, and the standardized rate in Japan and Korea increased significantly with time. The disease burden of BPH increased with age, and those aged 60 to 84 years had the highest burden. In addition, the disease burden increased with the increase of socio-demographic index (SDI) in all three countries. 【Conclusion】 The disease burden of BPH was very heavy in China, Japan and South Korea, especially in China. Males aged 60 to 84 years were the high-risk group. Targeted intervention should be adopted for these population.

Social capital, family formation, and childcare for mothers in ethnic Korean communities in Japan / 国際保健医療

Introduction  The demographic composition of the ethnic Korean population in Japan (often referred to as zainichi) shows a declining birthrate. However, zainichi who live in zainichi Korean communities have more children than zainichi living in predominantly Japanese communities. Social capital (SC) can increase societal efficiency by promoting cooperative behavior within communities. This study clarified the family formation and SC that supports childcare for zainichi mothers living in zainichi Korean communities.Methods  We conducted semi-structured interviews with 10 zainichi mothers living in zainichi Korean communities in Japan. We qualitatively and descriptively analyzed the family formation and SC that support childcare in this population. The Ethical Committee of Osaka Prefecture University approved this study and the participants gave their written informed consent.Results  We extracted three categories and 12 subcategories for “thoughts on current family formation” and four categories and 11 subcategories for “SC supporting childcare.” Zainichi mothers living in Korean communities “think consciously about marriage” and “think positively about having multiple children and family formation,” but they have “concerns about childbearing and child-rearing.” “People who support childcare practically and mentally” and “childcare services” were also identified as important factors. Although zainichi mothers felt dissatisfied with “support that they wanted to use but found difficult to use,” they considered childcare support as human and physical SC. As an additional resource, they felt that “the zainichi community fosters security and bonding,” and thus promotes SC for child-rearing.Discussion  Networks with common norms, values, and understanding facilitated cooperation among zainichi mothers. “The zainichi community, which fosters security and bonding,” may support family formation through engendering a positive perception of child-rearing.

Report on the Republic of Korea-Japan Symposium on Frailty and Sarcopenia / 全日本鍼灸学会雑誌

The 2022 International Conference for Global Cooperation in Traditional Medicine was held in a hybrid meeting at the Novotel Ambassador Seoul Dongdaemun Hotel in Seoul on the 1st and 2nd of November 2022. This international conference was hosted by the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea, organized by the National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, and supported by The Society of Korean Medicine. At this conference, a bilateral exchange of acupuncture and moxibustion therapies between Japan and Korea was held at the Republic of Korea-Japan Symposium I. The aims of the symposium were to combine conventional and traditional medical knowledge of frailty and sarcopenia and to share possible ideas to develop proper treatment for frailty and sarcopenia.

A proposal on Kuroko leadership: An element of Japan’s global health competency extracted from the experiences of international health cooperation / 国際保健医療

  In the increasingly globalized world, developing global health competency (GHC) education by determining the required core elements for undergraduates is on the rise. A growing number of people from different backgrounds have migrated to Japan. To accommodate their various healthcare needs, potential GHC elements that facilitate Japanese GHC education should be identified. This paper aims to extract some of the key GHC elements required for students in medical and healthcare fields based on the abundant experience of Japan’s international health cooperation and to make recommendations for GHC education in Japan and worldwide.  To date, Japan’s international health cooperation has cultivated a variety of competencies to realize its mission of reducing global health disparities. Japanese GHC elements are the bases of core concepts in healthcare and share commonalities with GHC elements in global communities: Cultural competency, “Go to the People”, respect for diversity, transdisciplinary collaboration, capacity building, independence, people/patient-centered healthcare, and empowerment.   Comprehensive preparation of these elements is found among kabuki kurokos (black robes), people dressed in all black who assist kabuki actors onstage during performances. The black worn by the kurokos means “nothingness”; they should be invisible on stage, so as not to interfere with the performance. Kurokos understand the culture (values, behaviors, etc.) of the lead actors, manage and coordinate stage proceedings to meet the actors’ needs, and help them achieve the best performance by collaborating with other backstage workers.   Kurokos’s empowering leadership competency is akin to the Western concept of servant-leadership, which emphasizes being a servant first and devoting oneself to enabling greater health and independence/autonomy among vulnerable people. Japanese educators can exemplify kuroko values by providing their students with GHC education. Japanese GHC elements can be integrated into worldwide GHC education. Spiritual care is also essential for inclusion in GHC education to develop students’ holistic care competency.

Report of Online Conference on Measures against Coronavirus in Japan Organized by President of Subcommittee on Novel Coronavirus Disease Control and Medical Students / 国際保健医療

  An online lifestyle has become typical with the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the number of infected patients in Japan has decreased significantly from its peak, concern remains about the seasonality of the infection and the possibility of variant strains. In this context, 10 medical students and Dr. Shigeru Omi, Chairman of the Subcommittee on Countermeasures against Novel Coronavirus Infections, held an online panel discussion on November 6, 2021.  First, the frailty of Japan’s testing system compared to other countries was highlighted. Although weekly testing for all citizens would be ideal, implementing efficient countermeasures with limited resources was emphasized.  Second, concern exists about other diseases because people are refraining from receiving necessary medical examinations for fear of being infected with COVID-19. Strengthening mass approaches using the media and personal approaches by health care professionals is essential.  Third, much false information exists on social networking sites and is being spread. The importance of suitable individual risk communication was suggested.  Finally, medical students mentioned the loss of experience due to restrictions on school attendance and club activities. Although medical students are treated differently in each country, increasing opportunities to discuss the purpose of medical education and whether online alternatives are possible were highlighted.  This was the first opportunity for a direct discussion between medical students, who have been greatly affected by COVID-19, and Dr. Omi, a policymaker. We hope that more such discussions will be possible, and that people’s opinions will be considered toward a better environment.

Comparison of Application Strategies of Patent Applicants of Classic Traditional Chinese Medicine Prescriptions Between China and Japan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

A total of 290 prescriptions in Treatise on Typhoid and Miscellaneous Diseases （《伤寒杂病论》） and Synopsis of the Golden Chamber （《金匮要略》） and 191 prescriptions in Prescriptionology were selected as representatives of classical prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， which were translated into Chinese and Japanese. The prescription names were used as keywords for search， and the patent application data up to June 2022 were retrieved. The retrieved results underwent data cleaning and manual noise reduction. Taking the important applicants as the starting point， the key technologies were divided and indexed according to the technical improvement characteristics of classic TCM prescriptions， and the intelligence information of patent applications for classic TCM prescriptions in the two countries was deeply excavated. The differences in the patent applications and layout strategies of classic TCM prescriptions between China and Japan were further compared. This paper drew up an accurate and targeted search strategy for more accurate and comprehensive retrieval， collation， and statistics of patent data of classic TCM prescriptions of representative patent applicants in China and Japan. At the same time， this paper deeply explored the information on Chinese patent applications in Japan and compared the differences in patent application strategies and patent protection of classic TCM prescriptions and Chinese prescriptions in Japan taking the layout of classic TCM prescriptions of representative patent applicants in China and Japan as the entry point. On one hand， it can accurately grasp the current patent application status of classic TCM prescriptions in the two countries， and on the other hand， it can also provide some references for the secondary development and research， patent application， and layout of classic prescriptions of enterprises， universities， and research institutions in China.

The spread of heated tobacco product (HTP) use across various subgroups during 2015-16 and 2017-18 in Japan

BACKGROUND@#Heated tobacco product (HTP) use has increased substantially between 2016 and 2017 in Japan. This study aims to clarify how HTP use (IQOS, Ploom, and glo) spread across the different combustible cigarette smoking statuses during 2015-16 and 2017-18 in Japan.@*METHODS@#We compared the two periods of (i) 2015 to 2016 (N = 5,366) and (ii) 2017 to 2018 (N = 3,422) from a longitudinal study randomly sampling members from the Japan "Society and New Tobacco" Internet Survey (JASTIS). Multivariable logistic regression models for current HTP use in the previous 30 days by combustible cigarette smoking status in the previous year were used adjusting for socio-demographic factors.@*RESULTS@#HTP use increased by 10 times in the 2017-18 cohort compared with the 2015-16 cohort according to the adjusted odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for current HTP use as 10.2 (7.03-14.8). According to smoking status, significantly higher adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of current HTP use for the after period were observed: 2.60 (1.37-4.94) for never smokers, 7.82 (3.64-16.8) for former smokers, 21.1 (5.73-77.9) for current smokers with intention to quit, and 17.0 (9.58-30.3) for current smokers without intention to quit.@*CONCLUSION@#During 2015 to 2018 in Japan, HTP use dramatically increased in all subgroups except for never smokers.

Association between vaccination status and COVID-19-related health outcomes among community-dwelling COVID-19 patients in Nara, Japan

BACKGROUND@#Many previous studies have reported COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, but there are few studies in Japan. This community-based, retrospective observational study investigated the association between vaccination status and COVID-19-related health outcomes in COVID-19 patients by SARS-CoV-2 variant type.@*METHODS@#The study participants were 24,314 COVID-19 patients aged 12 or older whose diagnoses were reported to the Nara Prefecture Chuwa Public Health Center from April 2021 to March 2022, during periods when the alpha, delta, and omicron variants of COVID-19 were predominant. The outcome variables were severe health consequences (SHC) (i.e., ICU admission and COVID-19-related death), hospitalization, and extension of recovery period. The explanatory variable was vaccination status at least 14 days prior to infection. Covariates included gender, age, population size, the number of risk factors for aggravation, and the number of symptoms at diagnosis. The generalized estimating equations of the multivariable Poisson regression models were used to estimate the adjusted incidence proportion (AIP) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each health outcome. We performed stratified analyses by SARS-CoV-2 variant type, but the association between vaccination status and COVID-19-related health outcomes was stratified only for the delta and omicron variants due to the small number of vaccinated patients during the alpha variant.@*RESULTS@#Of the 24,314 participants, 255 (1.0%) had SHC; of the 24,059 participants without SHC, 2,102 (8.7%) were hospitalized; and of the 19,603 participants without SHC, hospitalization, and missing data on recovery period, 2,960 (15.1%) had extension of recovery period. Multivariable Poisson regression models showed that regardless of SARS-CoV-2 variant type or health outcome, those who received two or more vaccine doses had significantly lower risk of health outcomes than those who did not receive the vaccine, and there was a dose-response relationship in which the AIP for health outcomes decreased with an increased number of vaccinations.@*CONCLUSION@#A higher number of vaccinations were associated with lower risk of COVID-19-related health outcomes, not only in the delta variant but also in the omicron variant. Our findings suggest that increasing the number of COVID-19 vaccine doses can prevent severe disease and lead to early recovery of patients not requiring hospitalization.

Economic, cognitive, and social paths of education to health-related behaviors: evidence from a population-based study in Japan

BACKGROUND@#There is substantial evidence on the association between lower education and unhealthy behaviors. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. This study aimed to examine whether income, health literacy, and social support mediate the association between education and health-related behaviors.@*METHODS@#A questionnaire survey was conducted in metropolitan areas in Japan from 2010 to 2011 among residents aged 25-50 years. Data from 3663 participants were used in this study. Health literacy was measured using the Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale. Health-related behaviors were current smoking, poor dietary habits, hazardous drinking, and lack of exercise. Poisson regression analyses with robust variance estimators were conducted to examine the associations between education and these health-related behaviors. Multiple mediation analyses were conducted to estimate the magnitudes of the mediating effects of income, health literacy, and social support on these associations.@*RESULTS@#Less educated participants had higher risks of all unhealthy behaviors. Income mediated the associations of education with smoking (6.4%) and exercise (20.0%). Health literacy mediated the associations of education with dietary habits (15.4%) and exercise (16.1%). Social support mediated the associations of education with dietary habits (6.4%) and exercise (7.6%). The education-drinking association was mediated by income in the opposite direction (-10.0%). The proportions of the total effects mediated by income, health literacy, and social support were 9.8% for smoking, 24.0% for dietary habits, -3.0% for drinking, and 43.7% for exercise.@*CONCLUSIONS@#These findings may provide clues for designing effective interventions to reduce educational inequalities in health-related behaviors.

The influence of information sources on intention changes to receive COVID-19 vaccination: A prospective cohort study in Japan

BACKGROUND@#Before the COVID-19 vaccine became available, many Japanese people were undecided about whether or not to receive them. Their decisions were keys to achieving herd immunity. The impact of the type of information source on the COVID-19 vaccine uptake decision-making process remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the association between information source usage on COVID-19 and subsequent vaccine uptake status among those who have yet to decide whether to receive vaccines from non-prioritized people for vaccination.@*METHODS@#Prospective cohort online self-administered surveys were conducted in February 2021 (T1), before the start of the mass vaccination program, and September-October 2021 (T2), when the vaccines were available to all citizens. The survey's target population was registered monitors of an Internet research company. Participants who answered "I want to get vaccinated after waiting to see how it goes." at T1 were eligible for analysis. The outcome variable was the COVID-19 vaccine uptake status in T2, and the predictors were 20 types of information sources, categorized based on people (family members, etc.), institutions (governments, etc.), or media (TV news, etc.). Adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using logistic regression adjusted for possible confounders.@*RESULTS@#The 5,139 respondents, mean age and standard deviation was 42.8 ± 12.5, 55.7% female, were eligible for analysis. 85.7% completed vaccination (including reserved/intended people) in T2. In the multivariate logistic analysis, odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for vaccine uptake were 1.49 (1.18-1.89) for workplaces/schools, 1.81 (1.33-2.47) for LINE, 0.69 (0.55-0.86) for Internet news and 0.62 (0.48-0.82) for video sharing sites.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The type of information source usage played an important role in the decision to vaccinate against COVID-19. Although caution is needed in interpreting the results, obtaining information from workplaces/schools and LINE was influential in promoting immunization.

Association between meat, fish, and fatty acid intake and incidence of acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome: the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study

BACKGROUND@#The association between meat, fish, or fatty acid intake and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) has been investigated in a few studies, and the results were inconsistent. In addition, most studies are mainly based on the United States and European countries, in which the dietary patterns differ from that in Asia. Therefore, the risk of AML/MDS from meat, fish, or fatty acid intake in Asia requires further exploration. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between AML/MDS incidence and meat, fish, or fatty acid intake using the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study.@*METHODS@#The present study included 93,366 participants who were eligible for analysis and followed up from the 5-year survey date until December 2012. We estimated the impact of their intake on AML/MDS incidence using a Cox proportional hazards model.@*RESULTS@#The study participants were followed up for 1,345,002 person-years. During the follow-up period, we identified 67 AML and 49 MDS cases. An increased intake of processed red meat was significantly associated with the incidence of AML/MDS, with a hazard ratio of 1.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.03-2.57) for the highest versus lowest tertile and a Ptrend of 0.04. Meanwhile, the intake of other foods and fatty acids was not associated with AML/MDS.@*CONCLUSION@#In this Japanese population, processed red meat was associated with an increased incidence of AML/MDS.