Hermenéutica del burnout: una tematización bioética a la luz de la condición humana

Propósito/Contexto. El síndrome de burnout como enfermedad trasciende lo laboral y abarca también factores sociales, históricos e individuales. El propósito de este artículo es tematizar el burnout como un asunto bioético que puede ser analizado a través de la condición humana descrita por Hannah Arendt; parte de esta tematización implica el develamiento de tensiones que convergen tanto el plano conceptual como en el ámbito práctico de la evolución y el diagnóstico de la enfermedad. Metodología/Enfoque. La propuesta metodológica se sustenta en dos momentos: en primer lugar, se toman herramientas de la fenomenología hermenéutica para analizar la traducción y la definición del burnout, esbozando repercusiones teóricas y prácticas de ello. En segundo lugar, se hace una lectura a través de los conceptos labor, trabajo y acción de Hannah Arendt y algunos aportes teóricos de Ricardo Maliandi de la ética como tematización del ethos, según lo cual, se propone entonces una tematización bioética del burnout a la luz de la condición humana y los niveles de reflexión ética. Resultados/Hallazgos. Los resultados presentan la conflictividad de la traducción y la definición actual del burnout, así como lo contradictorio que puede ser manejar el estrés en un mercado laboral que requiere de personas con competencias de trabajo bajo presión, sin fracasar en el intento al enfermarse por ello. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Una tematización bioética del burnout es más que necesaria para exponer traducciones y definiciones problemáticamente anestésicas, pero también para develar fenómenos de normalización de discursos y prácticas de trabajo bajo presión que pueden conllevar a la consecuencia de reducir, fáctica y teóricamente, la vita activa a solo la labor por la mera supervivencia y este esfuerzo por sobrevivir puede atentar contra la supervivencia misma.

Purpose/Background: Burnout syndrome as a disease, transcends the occupational, it also encompasses social, historical and individual factors. The purpose of this article is to thematize burnout as a bioethical issue that can be analyzed through the human condition described by Hannah Arendt; part of this thematization involves the unveiling of tensions that converge both conceptually and in the practical field of the evolution and diagnosis of the disease. Methodology/Approach: The methodological proposal is based on two moments, firstly, tools from hermeneutic phenomenology are used to analyze the translation and definition of burnout outlining its theoretical and practical repercussions. Secondly, a reading is made through Hannah Arendt's concepts of work and action and some of Ricardo Maliandi's theoretical contributions of ethics as a thematization of ethos, a bioethical thematization of burnout is then proposed in the light of the human condition and the levels of ethical reflection. Results/Findings: the results show the conflicting nature of the translation and the current definition of burnout, as well as the contradictory nature of managing stress in a labor market that requires people with the competences to work under pressure, without failing in the attempt to become ill as a result. Discussion/Conclusions/Contributions: A bioethical thematization of burnout is more than necessary, to expose problematically anesthetic translations and definitions; but also to unveil phenomena of normalization of discourses and practices of work under pressure, which can lead to the consequence of reducing, factually and theoretically, the active life to mere survival work, and this effort to survive can threaten survival itself.

Objetivo/Contexto: A síndrome de burnout, como doença, transcende o aspecto ocupacional, englobando também fatores sociais, históricos e individuais. O objetivo deste artigo é tematizar o burnout como uma questão bioética que pode ser analisada por meio da condição humana descrita por Hannah Arendt; parte dessa tematização envolve o desvelamento de tensões que convergem tanto conceitualmente quanto no campo prático da evolução e do diagnóstico da doença. Metodologia/Abordagem: A proposta metodológica baseia-se em dois momentos: em primeiro lugar, utilizam-se ferramentas da fenomenologia hermenêutica para analisar a tradução e a definição de burnout, delineando suas repercussões teóricas e práticas. Em segundo lugar, faz-se uma leitura dos conceitos de trabalho e ação de Hannah Arendt e de algumas contribuições teóricas de Ricardo Maliandi sobre a ética como tematização do ethos, propondo-se, então, uma tematização bioética do burnout à luz da condição humana e dos níveis de reflexão ética. Resultados/Descobertas: os resultados mostram a natureza conflitante da tradução e da definição atual de burnout, bem como a natureza contraditória do gerenciamento do estresse em um mercado de trabalho que exige pessoas com competências para trabalhar sob pressão, sem falhar na tentativa de adoecer em decorrência disso. Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições: Uma tematização bioética do burnout é mais do que necessária, para expor traduções e definições problematicamente anestésicas; mas também para revelar fenômenos de normalização de discursos e práticas de trabalho sob pressão, que podem levar à consequência de reduzir, factual e teoricamente, a vida ativa a mero trabalho de sobrevivência, e esse esforço para sobreviver pode ameaçar a própria sobrevivência.

The Perspective of Dental Aesthetics in Finding a Job as a Dentist: A Cross-Sectional Study

ABSTRACT@#This study aimed to determine the influence of dental aesthetics in finding a job as a dentist and the employer’s willingness to interact in personal and professional setting. Ten dental students’ smiling photographs were taken prior to the correction of their dental aesthetic problems. The images were digitally altered to an ideal smile. Two different questionnaires were prepared (Groups A and B) with the images with or without alteration (ideal and non-ideal smile). The images with an ideal smile and non-ideal smile were randomly allocated in each group and assessed by 84 private dental practitioners who has the authority of hiring another dentist in their practice. Four questions were asked on the likelihood of being hired, friendliness, intelligence, and good clinical skills. In general, the students with ideal smile were more likely to be hired (p < 0.05) except for those presented with buccally erupted canine and mild median diastema. Students with ideal smile scored higher in terms of friendliness and intelligence than the non-ideal smile. Most of them did not correlate a smile to an individual’s clinical skills and manual dexterity (p > 0.05). In conclusion, individuals with an ideal smile was graded more friendly and intelligent thus increases the employer’s willingness to interact personally and is more likely to be hired in contrast to a person with a non-ideal smile. Therefore, an aesthetically pleasing smile is one of the factors affecting the chances of a dentist to be hired and improve their personal interaction with people.

Oportunidades de emprego e trabalho para egressos do sistema prisional: revisão sistemática / Employment and work opportunities for egressed from the prison system: a systematic review

OBJETIVO: Analisar a literatura científica sobre a reinserção social de egressos do sistema prisional no mercado de trabalho. MÉTODO: Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com busca e seleção de estudos via Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) de 2009 a 2019, adotando critérios de disponibilidade na íntegra, em língua espanhola, inglesa ou portuguesa. A busca, seleção, avaliação de qualidade e extração de dados foram realizadas independentemente por duas pesquisadoras. Foram encontradas 555 produções, sendo filtradas a partir de título e resumo e, na sequência, inventariados tecnicamente; posteriormente, foi realizada a análise do texto na íntegra dos artigos selecionados nas etapas anteriores. RESULTADOS: Foram avaliados 10 artigos, onde seis estudam a inserção do egresso no mercado de trabalho na perspectiva do sexo masculino e apenas um artigo trata dos dois sexos. Quanto à perspectiva de gênero, não foi encontrada referência. Os resultados dos estudos analisados tiveram objetivos distintos, tendo em comum a investigação de diferentes tipos de inserção de ex-detentos no mercado de trabalho e as tendências dessas produções são caracterizadas pela restrição de encontrar trabalho. CONCLUSÃO: A análise dos artigos verificou que os egressos do sistema prisional enfrentam uma confluência de fatores de difícil superação para alcançar algum tipo de trabalho, quais sejam, o estigma que pesa sobre eles, o baixo nível de escolaridade e a precarização do trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific and scientific literature on the social reintegration of former prisoners into the labor market. METHOD: A systematic review was carried out with search and selection of studies via the Portal of Periodicals of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (Capes) from 2009 to 2019, adopting availability criteria in full, language (Spanish, English, or Portuguese). The search, selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were carried out independently by two researchers. A total of 555 productions were found, being filtered based on title and summary and, subsequently, technically inventoried later, the full-text analysis of the articles selected in the previous steps was carried out. RESULTS: 10 articles were evaluated, of which six studied the insertion of the graduate in the labor market from the male perspective; only one article deals with both sexes. Regarding the gender perspective, we found no reference. The results of the analyzed studies had different objectives, having in common the investigation of different types of insertion of ex-prisoners in the labor market, the restriction of finding work characterizes the tendencies of these productions. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the articles found that the graduates of the prison system face a confluence of factors that are difficult to overcome in order to achieve some type of work, namely, the stigma that weighs on them, the low level of education, and the precariousness of work.

Students Whose Mothers Are Nurses' Experiences of Choice of Major in Nursing / 한국간호교육학회지

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to understand the choice experiences of students majoring in nursing and whose mothers were nurses. METHODS: The participants of this study were 12 students, six male and six female. Data were collected via an in-depth personal interview. The collected data were analyzed with Colazzi's phenomenological methodology. RESULTS: A core theme of ‘Natural choice as my major’ emerged. In addition, we found the following three theme clusters: 1. My choice; 2. Expanding relationship between Mother and I; 3. Journey with mother. CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that the mothers of nursing students who were nurses themselves were good role models. They could influence their children to choose nursing as a profession. Also, they affected or are affecting their children to be colleagues in the same way. If we could provide good working environments for nurses, the next generation will also choose nursing as a profession and ultimately establish a family line. An educational setting is required to provide better professional nursing conditions for the next generation.

Comparison of the Working Conditions of Dental Hygienists Using Data from Online Job Sites / 치위생과학회지

The shortage of dental hygienists has been a long-standing problem in Korea. Small-scaled dental clinics suffer from a lack of dental hygienists, who seem to prefer working at large-scaled dental clinics. The purpose of this study was to confirm the differences in the working conditions according to the scales of dental clinics. We collected the working information registered via job advertisements through the web-sites of Korean Dental Hygienists Association, Dental Jobs, and Nurse Jobs from July to August 2016. The results were as follows: 96.7% of the advertisements wanted regular workers, while the proportion of part-time workers was the highest (34.8%) in the group with less than 3 employees. The average workdays per week was 5.32±0.55 days, and the group with less than 3 employees had significantly longer workdays than the other groups. The daily working time was 8.99±0.44 hours, and there was no difference among the groups. Night overtime hours were needed by 54.4%, 45.0%, and 31.3% of the groups with of the groups with 4~7 employees, more than 8 employees, and less than 3 employees, respectively. Information regarding annual leave (60.5%), monthly leave (63.9%), half a day off (32.4%) and vacations (43.1%) were presented in the job advertisements, and these proportions were significantly higher by the group with more than 8 employees. Information on overtime pay (14.4%), night-work pay (13.4%), incentives (34.1%), lunches (60.2%), vacation bonuses (33.8%), and self-development (20.4%) were presented in job advertisements. The group with 4~7 employees had significantly higher proportions in severance pay, vacation bonuses, self-development, and major national insurance. It is necessary to consider the improvement of working conditions, diversity of working styles, and welfare of dental hygienists, and it is suggested that small dental clinics provide more precise working conditions.

The Relationship between Job Characteristics and Organizational Commitment, and Turnover Intention in Emergency Department Nurses / 기본간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the relationship of emergency department(ED) nurse's job characteristics, organizational commitment and turnover intention. METHOD: This study was conducted through a survey of 171 nurses from ED in nine general hospitals of B and U cities. The data were collected by self-report questionnaires and analyzed with the SPSS WIN 17.0 program using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. RESULTS: The mean score for job characteristics was 3.37. Job characteristics according to position, number days night duty, and monthly income showed significant differences. Turnover intention according to age, total career, and monthly income showed significant differences. A significant positive correlation was found between job characteristics and organizational commitment. Significant negative correlations were found between job characteristics and turnover intention, organizational commitment and turnover intention were found. The significant factors influencing turnover intention were organizational commitment, monthly income, and total career, which explained 27.6% of the variance. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that nurse managers should analyze the reasons for high turnover intention, focusing on the main factors affecting turnover intention and consider solutions for decreasing turnover intention.