Prediction of short term clinical outcomes in low Apgar score neonates using umbilical artery blood gas analysis plus amplitude integrated electroencephalography / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To study the predictive values of umbilical artery blood gas analysis(UABG) plus amplitude-integrated electroencephalography(aEEG) monitoring within 6 h after birth for early complications and short term neurological outcomes in low Apgar score neonates.Methods:From January 2020 to February 2022, neonates with gestational age (GA) ≥35 weeks and 1 min or 5 min Apgar score ≤7 admitted to NICU of our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. According to UABG pH values, the neonates were assigned into pH<7.2 group and pH ≥7.2 group, and further grouped into abnormal aEEG group and normal aEEG group. The ttest, rank sum test and χ2 test were used to compare laboratory results, incidences of diseases, physical growth and neurological prognosis at 6 month of age. Results:A total of 105 neonates with low Apgar scores were enrolled, including 73 cases in the pH<7.2 group and 32 cases in the pH≥7.2 group. In the pH<7.2 group, 52(71.2%) had abnormal aEEG and 21 had normal aEEG. In the pH≥7.2 group, 6(18.8%) had abnormal aEEG and 26 had normal aEEG. The incidence of abnormal aEEG in the pH<7.2 group was higher than the pH≥7.2 group ( P<0.001). The degree of aEEG abnormality was negatively correlated with UABG pH ( r=-0.463, P<0.001). In the pH<7.2 group, the levels of creatine kinase isozymes (CK-MB), activated partial thromboplastin time and the incidence of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates with abnormal aEEG were significantly higher than those with normal aEEG, and the head circumference (HC) at 6 month was significantly smaller in neonates with abnormal aEEG (all P<0.05). In the pH≥7.2 group, the level of CK-MB, incidences of HIE and respiratory failure in neonates with abnormal aEEG were higher than those with normal aEEG, HC at 6 month was smaller and the incidence of adverse neurological prognosis was higher in neonates with abnormal aEEG (all P<0.05). Conclusions:UABG plus aEEG monitoring within 6 h after birth shows predictive values for early complications and short term neurological outcomes in low Apgar scores neonates.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for low Apgar scores in extremely premature infants / 中国新生儿科杂志

Objective:To establish a risk prediction model for the occurrence of low 1 min Apgar scores in extremely premature infants (EPIs).Methods:From January 2017 to December 2021, EPIs delivered at our hospital were retrospectively analyzed and randomly assigned into training set group and validation set group in a 7∶3 ratio. 17 clinical indicators were selected as predictive variables and low Apgar scores after birth as outcome variables. Lasso regression and multi-factor logistic regression were used within the training set group to select the final predictors for the final model, and the calibration, distinguishability and clinical decision making curves of the final model were evaluated in the validation set group.Results:A total of 169 EPIs were enrolled, including 117 in the training set group and 52 in the validation set group. 4 indicators including gender, fetal distress, assisted conception and delivery time were selected as the final predictors in the final model. Both the training set group and the validation set group had good calibration curves. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the prediction model was 0.731, the sensitivity was 72.2%, the specificity was 60.5% and the AUC of the external validation curve was 0.704. The clinical decision making curve showed that the model had a greater benefit in predicting the occurrence of low Apgar score in EPIs within the threshold of 2% to 75%.Conclusions:The clinical prediction model established in this study has good distinguishability, calibration and clinical accessibility and can be used as a reference tool to predict low Apgar scores in EPIs.

Caracterización de recién nacidos con depresión cardiorrespiratoria del Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Fé del Valle Ramos", Granma / Characterization of newborns with cardiorespiratory depression at the Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Fé del Valle Ramos" in Granma / Caracterização de recém-nascidos com depressão cardiorrespiratória no Hospital Gineco-obstétrico "Fé del Valle Ramos", Granma

RESUMEN Introducción: La depresión cardiorrespiratoria neonatal es un problema clínico que, en dependencia de su etiología, conduce a una alta morbilidad neurológica y elevada mortalidad. Objetivo: Caracterizar al recién nacido con depresión cardiorrespiratoria en el servicio de Neonatología del Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Fé del Valle Ramos", de Manzanillo, Granma. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, observacional, descriptivo y transversal. Se seleccionaron 88 neonatos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de recién nacido con depresión cardiorrespiratoria. Los datos se recolectaron durante el período de enero de 2017 a diciembre de 2018. Se tomaron en cuenta las siguientes variables: puntaje de Apgar, años de estudio, sexo, tipo de depresión cardiorrespiratoria, peso al nacer, factores maternos, edad gestacional y afecciones asociadas. Resultados: La depresión severa al nacer predominó en la mayoría de los neonatos (56,8 %). Prevalecieron los recién nacido de buen peso (73,9 %), nacidos a término (77,2 %). Las infecciones maternas (45,5 %) durante la gestación, el tiempo de rotura de membranas prolongado (31,8 %) y la presencia de líquido amniótico meconial (30,7 %), constituyeron los factores maternos que mayor vínculo guardaron con el neonato deprimido. Conclusiones: Las infecciones maternas, la rotura prematura de membranas, la presencia de líquido amniótico meconial, los nacimientos por cesárea, la nuliparidad, prematuridad y el embarazo en la adolescencia, son algunos de los factores de riesgo relacionados en este estudio que guardan vínculo estrecho con el predominio de estas afecciones en los neonatos deprimidos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The cardiorespiratory depression in neonates is a clinical complication that, depending on its etiology, leads to high neurological morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize neonates with cardiorespiratory depression treated in the neonatology service at the Hospital Ginecobstétrico "Fé del Valle Ramos" in Manzanillo, Granma. Method: A retrospective, observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. A total of 88 neonates with cardiorespiratory depression criteria were selected in the study. All information gathered includes the period January 2017 throughout December 2018. Variables assessed were as follow: Apgar score, years of study, sex, type of cardiorespiratory depression, birth weight, maternal factors, gestational age and associated conditions. Results: Severe depression at birth was predominant in most of neonates (56.8%). Newborn infants with a normal birth weight (73.9%), and born at term (77.2%) were predominant. Maternal infections during gestation (45.5%), prolonged rupture of membranes (31.8%) and the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid (30.7%) were the maternal factors most associated with depressed neonate. Conclusions: The maternal infections, premature rupture of membranes, the presence of meconium in the amniotic fluid, cesarean birth, nulliparous status, premature and adolescent pregnancy are some of the risk factors assessed in this study that are closely linked to the prevalence of arising conditions in depressed neonates.

RESUMO Introdução: A depressão cardiorrespiratória neonatal é um problema clínico que, dependendo de sua etiologia, leva a alta morbidade neurológica e alta mortalidade. Objetivo: Caracterizar o recém-nascido com depressão cardiorrespiratória no serviço de Neonatologia do Hospital Gineco-obstétrico "Fé del Valle Ramos", Manzanillo, Granma. Método: Foi realizado um estudo retrospectivo, observacional, descritivo e transversal. Foram selecionados oitenta e oito lactentes que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão de um recém-nascido com depressão cardiorrespiratória. Os dados foram coletados no período de janeiro de 2017 a dezembro de 2018. Foram consideradas as seguintes variáveis: índice de Apgar, anos de estudo, sexo, tipo de depressão cardiorrespiratória, peso ao nascer, fatores maternos, idade gestacional e condições associadas. Resultados: A depressão grave ao nascer prevaleceu na maioria dos neonatos (56,8%). Prevaleceram os recém-nascidos de bom peso (73,9%) e a termo (77,2%). Infecções maternas (45,5%) durante a gestação, tempo prolongado de ruptura da membrana (31,8%) e presença de líquido amniótico mecônio (30,7%) foram os fatores maternos mais associados ao neonato deprimido. Conclusões: Infecções maternas, ruptura prematura de membranas, presença de líquido amniótico mecônio, partos cesáreos, nuliparidade, prematuridade e gravidez na adolescência, são alguns dos fatores de risco relacionados neste estudo que estão intimamente ligados ao predomínio dessas condições na recém-nascidos deprimidos.

A study on bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy and its effect on pregnancy outcome

Background: Bacterial vaginosis is an extremely prevalent vaginal condition and one of the causes of vaginitis among both pregnant and non pregnant women and associated with severe sequelae. Fifty percent of the women are asymptomatic. Current studies have found that the prevalence of BV ranges from 15% to 30% among non-pregnant women and 10% to 41% among pregnant women.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted among 150 pregnant women who attended the antenatal outpatient and inpatient clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Narayana Medical College and Hospital, Nellore over a period of two years from Oct 2016 to Oct 2018. Obstetric cases fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study by convenient sampling technique. They were followed till the outcome of pregnancy. The data was subjected to usual statistical analysis by employing the chi-square tests.Results: Prevalence of the bacterial vaginosis was 20% in the present study. BV was significantly (p<0.05) associated with preterm delivery, PPROM, low birth weight, low APGAR and neonatal jaundice. Neonatal sepsis and congenital abnormalities showed no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) between BV positive and negative women.Conclusions: Considering the vast spectrum of maternal and fetal morbidity associated with this infection, and the availability of rapid inexpensive diagnostic tests it may be prudent to screen BV in pregnancy, so that it may be treated early and hence prevent the adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Factores epidemiológicos y Apgar bajo al nacer / Epidemiological factors and low-Apgar at birth

INTRODUCCIÓN: El período más crucial de la vida humana corresponde a las primeras 24 h que siguen al nacimiento. En este período, la morbilidad y la mortalidad son elevadas, por lo que es necesario prevenir y conocer los factores de riesgo que puedan interferir en su normal desarrollo, evaluándose al nacer la puntuación de Apgar. OBJETIVOS: Identificar la posible asociación causal entre el índice de Apgar bajo y algunos factores epidemiológicos. Estimar a través del riesgo atribuible, aquellos factores que al actuar sobre ellos se lograría un mayor impacto en la población expuesta. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional tipo caso control, relacionado con algunos factores epidemiológicos que inciden en la ocurrencia de Apgar bajo al nacer, en el Hospital Materno Provincial Docente Mariana Grajales Coello de Santiago de Cuba, desde el 1ro de enero de 2006 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2007 . RESULTADOS: La edad materna y la edad gestacional al parto, el meconio en el líquido amniótico, las anomalías del cordón umbilical, el parto distócico y la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino están relacionados con el índice de Apgar bajo al nacer en esta institución. CONCLUSIONES: La depresión al nacer se asoció causalmente con las anomalías del cordón umbilical y el líquido amniótico meconial, teniendo asociación significativa la desnutrición fetal intrauterina, la edad gestacional al parto < 37 sem y ³ 42 sem y la presentación fetal distócica. Se comprobó que al actuar en el diagnóstico temprano y de certeza de un CIUR se lograría un mejor y mayor impacto en la población expuesta

INTRODUCTION: The more crucial moment in human life is that corresponding with the first 24 hr post-partum. During this period, morbidity and mortality are high, this it is necessary to prevent and to know risk factors that may to interfere in its normal development, assessing at birth the Apgar score. OBJECTIVES: To identify the possible causal association between the low Apgar score and some epidemiological factors. To estimate according to the attributing risk factors that acting on them it will be a great impact in exposed population. METHODS: An observational and analytical type case-control study was conducted related to some epidemiological factors having an impact on a low Apgar score at birth in the Mariana Grajales Mother Teaching Provincial Hospital of Santiago de Cuba from January 1, 2006 to December 31, 2007. RESULTS: Age mother and gestational age at labor, presence of meconium in amniotic fluid, umbilical cord abnormalities, dystocic labor and the intrauterine growth retard are related to a low Apgar score at birth in this institution. CONCLUSIONS: Depression at birth was associated in a causal way with umbilical cord abnormalities and the presence of meconium in amniotic fluid and a significant association with intrauterine fetal malnutrition, the gestational age at labor < 37 of weeks and ³ 42 weeks and dystocic fetal presentation. It was demonstrated that the retarded intrauterine growth (RIUG) acting in the early and certainty diagnosis it will be possible to achieve a better and major impact in exposed population

Factores relacionados con el Apgar bajo al nacer / Factors related to a low birth Apgar score

En el continente africano hoy día se reportan las mayores cifras de mortalidad infantil del mundo, factores como son el Apgar bajo al nacer y las malformaciones congénitas pueden prevenirse con acciones de salud oportunas en la comunidad y el nivel secundario de salud. OBJETIVO: mostrar el comportamiento de algunos factores relacionados con el puntaje de Apgar bajo al nacer en el Hospital Materno de referencia nacional de Asmara en Eritrea. MÉTODOS: se realizó una investigación analítica prospectiva de tipo caso control de las embarazadas que tuvieron recién nacidos con un Apgar igual o menor de 3 puntos en el quinto minuto de vida en el Hospital Ginecoobstétrico de referencia nacional de Asmara, Eritrea, desde el 20 de noviembre de 2006 hasta el 20 de noviembre de 2007. RESULTADOS: la duración del trabajo de parto y del período expulsivo, el modo de comienzo y terminación del parto, el uso de oxitocina, los antecedentes obstétricos desfavorables, las patologías crónicas asociadas al embarazo, el meconio en el líquido amniótico, la edad gestacional al parto y el peso del recién nacido están relacionados con el índice de Apgar bajo al nacer en esta institución. CONCLUSIONES: los factores más relacionados con el alto índice de Apgar bajo al nacer en esta institución fueron: el antecedente de hipoxia perinatal anterior, la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica, el uso de oxitocina en cualquier momento del trabajo de parto, el mayor tiempo de duración del período expulsivo, la presencia de líquido amniótico meconial y el recién nacido con bajo peso al nacer

Nowadays, in African continent are reported the higher figures of infantile mortality at world scale, factors as a low Apgar score at birth and the congenital malformations could be prevented with timely health actions in community at secondary health level. OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the behavior of some factors related to the low Apgar score at birth in the National Reference Maternity Hospital of Asmara in Eritrea. METHODS: A prospective analytical case-control research of pregnants to gave birth newborns with a Apgar score similar or less than 3 points during the fifth minute of life in the Gynecology and Obstetrics National Reference Hospital of Asmara, Eritrea from November, 2006 to November 20, 2007. RESULTS: The labor length and the expelling period, the onset and termination of delivery, the use of oxytocin, the unfavourable obstetrical backgrounds, chronic pathologies related to pregnancy, presence of meconium in amniotic fluid, gestational age at delivery and the newborn weight are related to a low Apgar score at birth in this institution. CONCLUSIONS: The factors more related to a low Apgar score at birth in this institution were: an anterior perinatal hypoxia, gravidity hypertensive disease, use of oxytocin in any moment at labor, the great length time of expelling period, presence of meconium in amniotic fluid and a low-birth newborn