Patient’s satisfaction with clinical laboratory services in a tertiary health care hospital of Jammu and Kashmir, India

Background: A patient’s satisfaction level is a crucial aspect of quality management in clinical laboratories. Satisfaction is the client’s perception of care received compared with the care expected. Accreditation from an organization such as NABL or NABH is necessary. This study aimed to evaluate patient satisfaction with laboratory services in a tertiary care hospital in Jammu, UT of Jammu and Kashmir, India. Methods: The study conducted a prospective cross-sectional patient satisfaction survey over six months w.e.f. April 2022 to September 2022 at 05 patients/day with monthly data (05×30=150). A total of 900 patients were selected randomly at 150 patients/month (150×6=900). Data was collected using structured questionnaire, entered in Epi Info and analysed with SPSS software. A p value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The study found that 76.55% of patients were satisfied, while 11% were mildly dissatisfied and 17.94% were dissatisfied with laboratory services. Patients were dissatisfied with cleanliness of latrines (47%), long waiting times (30%), clear and understandable advisory service during specimen collection (26%), adequacy of waiting area (25%), easy accessibility of laboratory (19%), latrine location (20%), availability of requested service (18%), unfair payment of service (17%), and missing results (12%). Conclusions: The study concluded that despite most patients being satisfied, there were gaps. The study recommends that the concerned departments to improve the identified gaps and meet patients’ needs. Educational status and distance were found to be significantly associated with the overall satisfaction level of clients.

"Double-driven" teacher development model and its driving pathway in Medical Colleges / 中华医学教育探索杂志

"Double-driven" teacher professional development is a transformation from a novice teacher to an expert teacher through both internal and external driving pathway based on education ecology and teacher encouragement theory. The internal driving pathway of teacher professional development includes socialist belief, professional conscience, and professional consciousness, while the external driving pathway includes standardized management system, school-based teaching and research activities, medicine-education cooperation, and campus positive culture.

The status, problems and countermeasures of online teaching design and operation management in medical colleges: a case study of Harbin Medical University / 中华医学教育探索杂志

This paper first summarizes the cognition and understanding of online teaching, then introduces the active design and practice of online teaching in Harbin Medical University, and fully comprehends the quality of online teaching through the feedback to teachers and students. Through the investigation, the research group found that there are problems in online teaching, including teachers' difficulty in applying the teaching platform efficiently, limited Internet speed and hardware equipment, insufficient understanding and attention of individual teachers to online teaching, insufficient interaction between teachers and students, and difficulty in carrying out experiments and practical teaching. In this regard, the research group proposed countermeasures to change online teaching concept, reform online teaching methods, improve the function of online teaching platform, and optimize online course resources in order to timely summarize the online teaching situation, improve the shortcomings and promote advanced experience, and ensure the quality of follow-up online teaching.

Research on the construction of ideological and political teaching resource database for College English course in medical colleges from the perspective of students / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To probe the exploration and integration of ideological and political teaching resources for College English by medical students' teams, and to build a College English ideological and political teaching resource database in medical colleges, so as to provide feasible experience for the integration of medical students' College English and ideological and political education.Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1 030 students in a medical college, and SPSSAU statistical software was employed to analyze the results to investigate the attitudes and demands of students towards the integration of English teaching and ideological and political education, the construction methods of College English ideological and political teaching resource database, and the presentation methods and types of resources. Based on the questionnaire results, textbook themes, teaching modules and students' majors, the content analysis and classification method were employed to construct a College English ideological and political teaching resource database that meets the expectations of medical students.Results:① A total of 836 students agreed with the necessity to integrate College English with ideological and political education, hoping to build an ideological and political resource database with videos and audios related to daily life ( n = 731), medical knowledge ( n = 664), social practice ( n = 622), news and current affairs ( n = 604) and guide the students to learn the above resources through the methods "teacher instruction + classroom discussion" ( n = 528). ② The ideological and political integration points in the questionnaire results were matched according to the subjects of the textbook, and further divided into two categories: universal and medically specific ideological and political teaching elements according to the content of the unit modules. Finally, the resource database of College English ideological and political teaching in medical colleges was built. Conclusion:Outstanding courses and resources are jointly explored and built by teachers and students.

Effect of internet/ reality alienation on depression in medical college students: mediating effect of irrational beliefs / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective:To explore the relationship among internet / reality alienation, irrational beliefs and depression in medical college students.Methods:In October 2021, a total of 501 students from five medical colleges in Shandong were selected by the convenient sampling method.All the participants were assessed by the internet alienation scale, general alienation scale, irrational beliefs scale and self rating depression scale.SPSS 24.0 software was used for descriptive analysis, correlation analysis, and AMOS 21.0 software was used to conduct structural equation modeling and Bootstrap mediated effect test.Results:The scores of internet/reality alienation, irrational beliefs and depression were 3.12±1.35, 2.04±0.57, 2.72±0.72, 2.07±0.42, respectively.There was a statistically significant positive correlation among internet/reality alienation, irrational beliefs and depression( r=0.56-0.64, P<0.01). Structural equation modeling showed that the mediating effect of irrational beliefs between internet alienation and depression was 0.05(95% CI=0.01-0.11). The mediating effect of irrational beliefs between reality alienation and depression was 0.16(95% CI=0.06-0.30). Conclusion:Internet/ reality alienation can indirectly effect depression of medical college students through the mediation of irrational beliefs.

Safety and efficacy of video DLT (VDLT) for lung isolation during the COVID?19 pandemic

One lung ventilation (OLV) with collapse of the ipsilateral lung is a prerequisite for most thoracic surgical procedures. Double?lumen tube (DLT) is still the preferred method to isolate the lungs and fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB) is the gold standard for the confirmation of correct placement of the DLT. However, both these procedures are considered as a high?aerosol?generating procedures and are hazardous to the health workers, particularly at this time of the COVID?19 pandemic. We did nine thoracic surgery cases categorized as essential, requiring OLV during the ongoing period of the COVID?19 between April 2020 and May 2020 where we used Full view DLT for lung isolation. We present our case series which shows that the Full view VDLT can minimize or circumvent the use of FOB during OLV, and reduce the time taken to isolate the lungs thus reducing aerosol in the theater. None of the nine patients required FOB for confirmation of initial positioning nor for diagnosis of intraoperative malposition. The time taken to isolate the lungs was significantly less and the surgical positioning was done under real?time monitoring by visualizing the blue cuff distal to carina at all times. The real?time monitoring by the Full view VDLT offers the additional advantage of detecting any malposition even before it results in loss of isolation or desaturation. We conclude that the Full view VDLT is an efficient and safe alternative for lung isolation at this time of the COVID?19 pandemic.

Medical Schools in National Capital Territory—A Historical and Functional Perspective

Establishment of a medical school is predominantly a political decision. Its basic aim is to further the cause of medical education. Inbuilt within this objective is looking after sick people, bringing improvement in their health, and indirectly improving their understanding of health. Delhi, being the capital city of the country, is governed by the state as well central authorities, thereby enjoying dual benefits. Currently, it has some 10 medical schools/institutes with the objectives of providing quality medical education, research and health to its people. Notably, each one has its own historical legacy and distinctive character, as evident in their respective names, logo, motto and mission statement. This article briefly discusses the historical, socioeconomic, geopolitical, and distinctive characters of each of these institutions

Reflection of the postdoctoral construction in the school of health humanities of Peking University in the context of comprehensive personnel reform / 中华医学科研管理杂志

Objective:By sorting out the postdoctoral construction in the school of health humanities of a University in the context of comprehensive personnel reform, it provides reference for the construction of humanities and social science postdoctoral teams in medical colleges.Methods:A comparative analysis was made on the policies before and after the reform of the post-doctoral management system and the data on the construction of the post-doctoral team.Results:Through the reform of the postdoctoral system, postdoctoral " quantity improvement" and ″quality optimization″ have been achieved, and the ″postdoctoral power″ of high-quality development has promoted the construction of faculty.Conclusions:Relying on the reform of the post-doctoral system and the reform of the personnel system, the post-doctoral management work has achieved certain results. Managers should strengthen the construction of medical humanities platform, strengthen top-level design, coordinate resources, build a post-doctoral development model that is organically combined with comprehensive personnel reform, and promote post-doctoral internationalization.

The adjustment factors: Its validity on the admissions process of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine (UPCM)

Background@#With the purpose of ensuring fairness and a level playing field in the selection process, the new admissions policy of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine (UPCM) has applied adjustment factors (AF) in the computation of the general weighted averages (GWAs) of applicants. @*Objective@#The objective of the study was to the determine the validity of adjustment factors in ensuring fairness in recalibrating GWAs of applicants for admissions. @*Methods@#This study described the mean AF scores of the different pre-medical courses of lateral entrants as well as their historic academic performance such as the mean university predicted grades (UPG), UP College Admissions Test scores (UPCAT) and high school weighted averages (HSWA), National Medical Admissions Test (NMAT) scores, pre-medical general weighted average grades (PMGWAG) and Learning Unit 3 Medicine general weighted average grades (LU3 MGWAG). Correlative analysis was done using Pearson’s correlation between the mean AF scores of the different pre-medical courses and their mean UPG, UPCAT and HSWA and LU3 MGWAG. @*Results@#The study showed that pre-medical courses from UP Manila obtained higher mean AF scores, while those from UP Diliman had better scholastic performance with higher mean UPG, UPCAT HSWA, NMAT, PMGWAG and LU3 MGWAG. Those who obtained a high score in the adjustment factors, namely BS Computer Science in UPM and BS Applied Physics in UPM, ranked lowest in the mean UPG, UPCAT, HSWA and low in NMAT, PMGWAG and LU3 MGWAG. The reverse was also true as those courses that ranked high in the mean UPG, UPCAT and HSWA, namely BS Molecular Biology and Biotechnology UPD, BS Psychology UPD and BS Biology UPD, acquired relatively low mean AF scores. Within statistical significance, inverse correlation was established between mean AF scores of the different pre-medical courses and mean UPG and UPCAT scores. @*Conclusion@#The study invalidated the use of AFs in the admissions process of UPCM. The AF did not guarantee fairness in the selection process, as it merely lowered down the GWAs of those who performed academically well in pre-medical courses. The current formula for the computation of AF is grounded on faulty assumption that high GWAs were all due to grade inflation. It is therefore recommended that implementation of the AF be immediately held in abeyance until its validity issues are resolved.

Research on the construction of teaching quality evaluation index system in medical colleges and universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To construct an evaluation index system of teaching quality in medical schools.Methods:The text entry analysis was used to construct the index entry pool. The thematic group discussions were used to determine the preliminary index system. The Delphi method was used to further select the index. Finally, the analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the index weight and perform consistency test. EpiData 3.2 was used to build database, and MATLAB was used for statistical analysis and solving judgment matrix.Results:The index framework was established by attitude, content, method and effect, which was refined into 10 secondary indicators and 20 tertiary indicators such as passing on knowledge, knowledge mastering, and so on. The consistency test coefficients of each layer was less than 0.1.Conclusion:The method of constructing the indicator system is scientific, and the selection of indicators is in line with the current medical education reform, which has certain feasibility and guiding significance.

Research on the problems and countermeasures of online and offline blended learning in the teaching reform of medical colleges and universities / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Online and offline blended learning is the key link to change the teaching mode of higher education. As a new teaching mode, it faces problems such as too much emphasis on students' autonomous learning ability, inadequate supervision of students, and difficulty in building a holistic view of the medical system when applied to medical education. To better promote the reform of blended learning in medical colleges and universities, it is necessary to take the following actions: designing the course content carefully and scientifically arranging the length of online lectures; adopting various ways to follow up in all aspects and building a "whole course" supervision system; always maintaining a holistic view of medicine throughout the blended learning to cultivate comprehensive talents.

Flipped classroom teaching design of college English integrated with medical humanities based on POA / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The English curriculum in medical university can include English for general purpose (EGP), English for medical academic purposes (EMAP) and English for medical occupational purposes (EMOP). Teachers can dig deeply the medical humanities elements in the teaching materials, enrich the medical humanities knowledge and expand the medical terms. Combining production-oriented approach (POA) and online course, the teachers set up study groups, design medical scenarios, assign production tasks and carry out flipped classroom teaching practice. The three stages of POA, motivating, enabling and assessing, can organically connect pre-class, in-class and after-class. This model can cultivate effectively the medical students language competency, critical thinking ability and cooperative ability and improve their humanistic quality, and at the same time, it also poses higher requirements and challenges for front-line English teachers and students.

The initial impact of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine new admissions policy: Four years of implementation

Background@#The University of the Philippines College of Medicine (UPCM) revised its admissions policy with the goal of leveling the playing field in the selection of students and ensuring the admission of applicants imbued with the dedication and commitment to serve. @*Objective@#The objective of the study was to determine the initial impact of the newly amended policy on the admissions demographics and academic profile of accepted UPCM students in terms of pre-med courses and colleges, admissions category, Latin honors, pre-med General Weighted Average Grade (GWAG), National Medical Admission Test (NMAT) score, and interview scores, during the four years of its implementation.@*Methodology@#This descriptive study compared the yearly applications and admissions, annual distributions of pre-med courses, colleges graduated from, admissions category, Latin honors, and yearly averages of premed GWAG, NMATs, and interview scores among the accepted UPCM students and determined the trend of the aforementioned variables, from four years prior to four years after the implementation of the new admissions policy (2013 to 2020).@*Results@#Four years of the implementation of the revised admissions policy observed a reduction in the number of applications but an increase in the overall admissions, ratio reversal of admissions between UP Diliman graduates and UP Manila graduates with the latter recently dominating the admissions, a drastic fall in the admissions of BS Psychology graduates, while a steady rise in the admissions of BS Public Health and BS Pharmacy graduates. Also observed was the significant decrease in the yearly average GWAG, NMATs, and Latin honors among accepted UPCM students. The yearly average interview scores increased while the profile based on admissions category remained generally unchanged. @*Conclusion@#These significant changes and impacts were mainly attributed to the adoption and utilization of the Adjustment Factor in the computation of the GWAG.

Predictors of poor academic performance among the medical students of the University of the Philippines College of Medicine

Background@#Despite the rigorous and extremely competitive selection process of medical students at the University of the Philippines College of Medicine (UPCM), a few still performed poorly in academics that resulted in delayed graduation or failure to graduate at all. @*Methodology@#Factors potentially associated with delayed graduation and failure to graduate among UPCM medical students were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic regression with their demographic and pre-admission academic profiles, namely, Pre-medical General Weighted Average Grade (PGWAG), National Medical Admission Test Scores (NMATs), interview scores, pre-med courses, the school graduated from, and admissions categories as predictors. @*Objective@#The objective of this study was to identify the factors that predict the likelihood of not graduating and delayed graduation among the medical students of 24 classes of the UPCM. @*Results@#The odds of delayed graduation and failure to graduate were increased by lower PMGWAG, NMAT score, interview score, admission through the special categories, being a non-UP graduate, and with BS Psychology as pre-med course. @*Conclusion@#The predictors of poor academic performance based on delayed graduation and failure to graduate were the PMGWAG, NMAT, interview scores, admissions category, pre-med course, and the school graduated from. It is recommended that the minimum admissions requirements for PMGWAG be increased particularly among the candidates in the special categories. The selection process in the special categories must put some bearing on the PMGWAGs and NMATs of their applicants.

The determinants of abroad-based practice among UPCM Alumni

Background@#The country's health system is confronted with the potential threats of mass overseas migration and non-equitable distribution of health professionals including physicians. The UP College of Medicine (UPCM), despite being subsidized by the state, has its own share of this problem regarding its graduates. @*Objectives@#The objectives of this study were to look into the geographic distribution of practices among the alumni of UPCM and to identify the predictors of abroad-based practice. The period involved was entirely covered by the Regionalization Program (RP) and partially by the Return Service Obligation Program (RSOP). @*Methodology@#The geographic practice base among the UPCM graduates was determined and correlated through logistic regression with their pre-admission academic profile, namely Pre-Med General Weighted Average Grades (PGWAGs), National Medical Admissions Tests (NMATs), interview scores, entry rank, premed courses, admissions categories, Medicine General Weighted Average Grades (MGWAG), class rank, and board rating. @*Results@#Majority (51.3%) of the UPCM graduates practiced at the National Capital Region (NCR), around a quarter (26.1%) practiced in the province, and approximately one out of ten (11.4%) was based overseas. Associated with higher odds of practicing abroad were those with higher board rating, entry rank, NMAT, %MGWAG, %PMGWAG, class rank, and those admitted through the UP Medical Alumni Association in America (UPMASA) category. Other special categories such as high interview scores and BS Psychology graduates in pre-med lowered the chances of overseas migration and practice. @*Conclusion and Recommendation@#UPCM graduates with superb academic performance both in their premed course and in medicine would most likely establish their geographic practice abroad. In order to minimize the brain drain and overseas migration of UPCM graduates, the admissions policy must be revised towards shifting the focus from purely academic criteria to the non-academic attributes of the applicants.

High-risk factors and adverse outcomes of pregnancy among different occupational populations in a medical college community / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics and influencing factors of high-risk factors and adverse outcomes of pregnancy in different occupational populations in a medical college community. METHODS: A total of 719 pregnant women in a medical college community were selected by convenient sampling method and divided into medical staff group(218 women) and non-medical staff group(501 women, including 138 teaching staff subgroup, 129 administrative service staff subgroup and 234 other occupation subgroup). The detection rate of high-risk factors and adverse outcomes of pregnancy were compared among these groups. RESULTS: Among the study subjects with the top five detection rates, high-risk factors of pregnancy were abnormal body mass index, advanced age, diabetes mellitus, scarred uterus and abnormal thyroid function, with the detection rate of 21.4%, 17.5%, 9.7%, 7.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The detection rates of pregnancy high-risk factors≥two, adverse pregnancy outcome, adverse fetal outcome, miscarriage and low birth weight in the medical group were significantly lower than those in the non-medical staff group(all P<0.05). The detection rates of pregnancy risk factors, primary screening risk factors, scarred uterus and pregnancy anemia in the teaching staff subgroup were significantly higher than those in the other occupation subgroups(all P<0.008). The detection rates of pregnancy high-risk factors ≥two and advanced age in the teaching staff subgroup were higher than those in medical staff group(all P<0.008). The detection rates of adverse pregnancy outcome and miscarriage in the administrative service staff subgroup were higher than those in medical staff group(all P<0.008). Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that occupation, advanced age, parity and scarred uterus were the main influencing factors of adverse pregnancy outcome(all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: There are differences in pregnancy high-risk factors and adverse pregnancy outcomes among different occupational groups. The teaching staff subgroup has a relatively higher detection rate of pregnancy high-risk factors, and the adverse pregnancy outcomes and miscarriage were relatively higher in the administrative service staff subgroup, compared with the medical staff group.

Is depression a concern among medical students: a cross sectional study in different academic years of a private medical college in Bangladesh

Background: Depression is not uncommon among medical students all over the world. Few studies have been conducted so far in Bangladesh to depict its actual prevalence and severity. So, the aim of this study was to assess the severity of depression and the level of difficulty faced by medical students in different academic years.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in North East medical college of Bangladesh from January 2018 to June 2018 involving 443 students from 1st year to 5th year. Students were instructed to fill up the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) which incorporates diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) depression diagnostic criteria categorized as no, mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression and also evaluates their level of function.Results: The prevalence of depression was quite high (79.68%). 196 (44.24%) and 157 (35.44%) students had mild and major depression respectively, while 90 (20.32%) showed no depression. Students with major depression were scored as moderate depression 24.38%, moderately severe depression 8.35%, and severe depression 2.71%. Moderate depression was significantly higher in year 1 and year 2 students in comparison to year 3, 4 and 5. Students from year 1 to year 5 with mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression experienced varying degree of difficulty in their daily activities. Almost all the students in all years with severe depression found themselves very difficult or extremely difficult to cope.Conclusions: High prevalence of depression among medical students is really alarming and underlying factors need to be addressed.

El médico como personaje literario en la Edad Moderna / The doctor as a literary character in the Modern Age

Resumen El médico ha sido desde la Antigüedad víctima de la ambivalencia afectiva de la población, que lo ama y lo odia de acuerdo a sus éxitos y fracasos. Mientras algunos despotrican contra el gremio, se enorgullecen de ser pacientes del Dr. Tal o Cual, a quien se refieren por su nombre de pila, como queriendo sentar dominio sobre su persona. Los hay quienes lo envidian y desprecian en público sus éxitos, que niegan, y su bienestar económico, que desearían tener. Pero, en general, restando y sumando, la opinión pública hoy en día reconoce el avance de la profesión y valora la imagen del médico, en tanto que antaño, cuando el arte fallaba a menudo y la oferta de curación era escasa, esta imagen solía ser poco favorable. La literatura, que registra los usos y costumbres de cada época, presta valiosa ayuda para conocer los cambios que ha sufrido la apreciación de la labor médica y de sus ejecutantes. Una somera revisión de algunos textos clásicos en que aparece el médico como personaje, pueden ayudarnos a visualizar esta evolución, haciendo la salvedad que sólo podemos presentar un puñadito de ejemplos, para colmo elegidos según nuestro personal juicio y gusto.

Abstract The doctor has been from de Antiquity a victim of the people's affective ambivalence, who loves and hates him accord his success or failures. Some rant against the medical guild, but are proud to be patients of one or another doctor, more o less celebrated, referring familiarly to him as Tony or Jim. A certain envy hurts the doctor's image, countered by gratitude, but finally, as times goes by, the continuous progress of medicine has been improving the public perception about the medical work. A quick review of the Modern Age literature, personal, whimsical and may be imperfect, from Michel de Montaigne, in the sixteenth century until. A. J. Cronin in the twentieth, shows the evolution of the doctor as a literary character, first as a tricky ignorant, after like a clown, later fighting epidemics and ending as a self-sacrificing medical researcher.

A pattern of serious adverse drug reactions reported in a tertiary care hospital, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, Andhra Pradesh

Background: Serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs) constitute a major limitation in clinical development of a drug thus necessitating close monitoring. Studies regarding the pattern of serious ADRs are limited in southern India. The present study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in Andhra Pradesh with an objective to evaluate the pattern of severe cutaneous and non-cutaneous ADRs in our hospital and to assess the causality, severity, and preventability of these reactions.Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over two years, from January 2016 till January 2018 in our ADR monitoring center. The pattern of serious adverse drug reactions, the nature of ADR, suspected drug, the outcome and preventability were analyzed using Modified Hartwig and Siegel scale, and modified Schumock and Thorton scale.Results: Out of 734 ADRs reported, 42 were serious, while 692 were non-serious. Out of 42, 22 were dermatological in origin while the others were acute kidney injury, acute psychosis, febrile neutropenia, gynecomastia, and lipodystrophy. According to WHO causality assessment scale, 27 were probable while 15 were possible. The majority were reported in the age group of 16 to 65 years with female (34) preponderance. The most common drug category responsible was antimicrobials, followed by antiretrovirals, anti-epileptics, and analgesics.Conclusions: Antimicrobial, anti-epileptics, and analgesics contributed to serious ADRs. Although non-cutaneous ADRs did not result in hospitalization, they caused social inhibition and mental stress in the patient.

Assessment and accreditation of a medical college by national assessment and accreditation council: an overview

Accreditation affirms provision of quality education, thus determines its graduate attributes. WFME, WHO and various bodies have been striving to ensure credibility of educational institutions through accreditation. NAAC is an Indian accrediting body providing framework for quality assurance to higher education institutions. Being an autonomous body under UGC, it sets a standard of excellence to which they are bound to adhere. This article provides details regarding an insight into NAAC, its vision, objectives, core values and the process of accreditation. The details regarding various criteria, components, allotment of weightage to each of them are detailed in the manuscript. The requirements and needs towards preparedness for this accreditation process are simplified to make the readers to understand easily thus providing a bird抯 eye view of entire process.