Registro de la utilización de nutrición parenteral en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan / Registry of the use of parenteral nutrition at the Pediatric Hospital Juan P. Garrahan

La nutrición parenteral (NPT) en pediatría es un recurso que permite mantener el sostén clínico de aquellos pacientes que por la complejidad de la patología que presentan no pueden utilizar la vía enteral. El objetivos es analizar el registro de utilización de NPT en el Hospital de Pediatría Juan P. Garrahan. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se analizaron 95 solicitudes de NPT durante el período julio-agosto 2011. Se accedió a las historias clínicas, donde se constataron las variables principales: edad (meses), sexo, área de internación, patología asociada a su uso, duración promedio (días), tipo de NPT (Standard o personalizada) y evidencia de complicaciones. Se definió colestasis a valores de Bilirrubina directa mayor a 2 mg%. Sobre un total 114 indicaciones médicas de NPT, se accedió a 95 historias clínicas. Perfil de uso: Neonatología 34,5%, Cuidados Intensivos 35,7% y Cuidados Intermedios y moderados 29,8%. La media de edad 39 meses (0-192). Las patologías más frecuentes son quirúrgicas 52,6%, hematológicas y oncológicas 28,4%. La duración total de la indicación fue en promedio 16,5 días (0-187). Las soluciones personalizadas (a la carta) 83%. Las soluciones con lípidos sumaron un total de 73 (76%). Como complicaciones se observaron 13 casos de colestasis (13,68%) los cuales se asociaron a soluciones con lípidos. La mayoría de los pacientes que requirieron uso de NPT presentaron patologías que requerían cuidados críticos neonatales o pediátricos. Las soluciones personalizadas o "a la carta" fueron las más utilizadas. El tiempo de administración fue muy variable, la presencia de colestasis se relacionó con los usos más prolongados; superior a los 71 días promedio (AU)

In pediatrics, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a resource that allows to clinically support those patients who, due to the severity of their disease, do not tolerate the enteral route. The aim of this study was to analyze the registry of TPN use at the Pediatric Hospital Dr. Juan P. Garrahan. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Ninety-five requests for TPN made in July and August 2011 were analyzed. Clinical charts of the patients were assessed recording the main variables: Age (months), sex, area the child was admitted to, pathology associated with TPN use, duration of TPN (days), type of TPN (standard or personalized), and evidence of complications. Cholestasis was defined as direct bilirubin greater than 2 mg%. For a total of 114 medical indications for PN, access to 95 clinical charts was obtained. User's profile: Neonatology 34.5%, intensive care 35.7%, intermediate and moderate care 29.8%. Mean age of the patients was 39 months (0-192). The most common pathologies were surgical in 52.6% and hematological and oncological in 28.4%. Mean duration of TPN was 16.5 days (0-187). Personalized formulations ("a la carte") were used in 83%. Overall, 73 (76%) formulations with lipids were used. Complications observed were 13 cases of cholestasis (13.68%) that were associated with the use of lipid formulations. Most patients that needed TPN had pathologies requiring neonatal or pediatric critical care. Personalized or "a la carte" formulations were most often used. The duration of TPN administration was variable. Cholestasis was related with longer TPN use, with a mean of 71 days (AU)

Detección y análisis de fallas en indicaciones y prescripciones médicas como potencial causa de eventos adversos durante la residencia de cirugía general / Detection and analysis of medical prescription and indication s failures as a potential cause of adverse events during general surgery residency

Introducción: Las indicaciones y prescripciones médicas forman parte de un acto que involucra a varios profesionales, incluyendo a médicos residentes. Los eventos adversos que se producen durante las mismas pueden ser potencialmente agresivos para quien lo recibe, por lo que su detección y su corrección debe ser prioritaria para evitar los efectos que producirían. Objetivos: Identificar fallas durante la prescripción en indicaciones médicas realizadas por médicos residentes de cirugía general y generar una lista de verificación como barrera de defensa para evitar el error. Material y Método: estudio retrospectivo, observacional mediante el análisis de indicaciones y prescripciones médicas realizadas por médicos residentes de Cirugía General, durante 08/2013 – 12/2013. Se consideraron fallas en datos filiatorios, alergias, modificaciones y prescripción farmacológicas. Resultados: De 664 hojas analizadas, se encontraron fallas generales en el 90.67%. 31.93% con errores u omisiones en el número de identificación del paciente; 43.68% alergias sin consignar, un 100% de suspensiones con algún error u omisión y de los agregados un 67.14% sin horario. De 4112 indicaciones farmacológicas, contamos 760 fallas (18.48%) siendo las más relevantes: 84.21% ausencia de dosis y 1.05% vía errada. Conclusión: La prevención de eventos adversos es responsabilidad absoluta del personal de salud, residentes, médicos de planta y personal de enfermería. El trabajo en conjunto permite identificar situaciones de riesgo, evitarlas y así disminuir la morbimortalidad de los pacientes. Es menester la educación constante y el control exhaustivo de todas las variables durante el proceso de internación.

Introduction: Medical prescriptions and indications are part of an act that involves numerous professionals. Adverse events that take place while making them, can be potentially aggressive for the receiver, that is why its detection and adjustment must be apriority so to avoid any event. Objectives: To identify failures in medical prescriptions and indications performed by general surgery residents and to create a check list to avoid errors. Material and method: Retrospective and observational study,analyzing indications and medical prescriptions made by generalsurgery residents from 08/2013 to 12/2013. We considered failures in patient data, allergies, new attachments, and pharmacological prescription. Results: there were 664 analyzed sheets, in 90.67% generalfailures were found. 31.93% had failures or omissions regarding patient ID; 43.68% did not specified patients allergies; 100% of suspended medications had failures or omissions and 67.14% of new attachments did not precise the hour. Of 4112 pharmacological indications, 760 (18.48%) had different failures: 84.21% without dose and 1.05% with wrong mode of administration. Conclusions: Adverse events prevention is absolute responsibility of health personnel, residents, staff and nurses. Working together allows identifying risky situations, avoids themand decreases patients morbidity and mortality. That is why it is necessary continuing education and exhaustive control of all variables during hospitalization.

Prenatal anxiety and cesarean section with non-medical indication / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Objective: To explore the relationship between prenatal anxiety and cesarean section (c-section) with non-medical indication. Methods: Nested case-control study was used to analyze the risk factors for c-section with no medical needs: 433 pregnant women with gestational age longer than 24 weeks were enroled in this study. According to the mode of delivery, we divided them into a vaginal delivery group, a c-section group without medical need and a c-section group with medical need. Results: The c-section rate was 62.1%, 55.8% of which was c-section without medical need at family request. The score of state anxiety (S-AI) and trait anxiety (T-AI) was 42.53±11.04 and 44.40±10.23 respectively, much higher than that of normal population. After the adjustment of maternal social economic status and other prenatal statuses for this pregnancy, the prenatal anxiety was still associated with c-section with non-medical indication. The adjusted odd ratio for prenatal anxiety state, prenatal trait anxiety state and c-section with non-medical indication was 1.41 (95%CI: 1.06-1.87) and 1.23 (95% CI: 1.08-1.40), respectively. Conclusion: Prenatal anxiety state is a risk factor for c-section with non-medical indication.