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Brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) are a complex congenital cerebrovascular disease. The lack of common capillaries results in blood flowing directly from the arteries to the veins, forming abnormal vascular malformations between the arteries and veins. BAVMs are usually found due to "epilepsy, intracranial hemorrhage, and focal neurological dysfunction", with a low incidence rate but a high mortality and disability rate. However, the specific pathogenesis of bAVMs is not fully understood. This article reviews the signaling pathways, pathophysiological mechanisms, and non-coding RNAs related to the pathogenesis of bAVMs, with the aim of providing new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for bAVMs.
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Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are immature endothelial cells that can proliferate and differentiate into mature endothelial cells. After vascular injury, EPCs migrate from the bone marrow to the ischemic area, participating in damaged endothelial repair and neovascularization, providing a new potential therapeutic approach for vascular diseases including ischemic stroke. This article reviews the feasibility and limitations of EPCs as potential therapeutic targets for ischemic stroke.
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Studies have shown that rosacea is related to inflammatory factors, neurovascular function, micro-ecological environment and other factors. The Janus kinase (JAK) -signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway involves a variety of inflammatory cytokines, and plays an important role in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, angiogenesis and immune regulation. This review summarizes the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and explores its potential role in rosacea.
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Objective:To design and construct a bone nonunion organoid on chip and explore the mechanism of aseptic bone nonunion.Methods:First a semi-open microfluidic chip was designed, on which human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSC), human fetal lung fibroblast 1, (HFL1) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were co-cultured, and a three-dimensional organ on chip system was established. Different proportions of HFL1 and HUVEC were co-cultured with BMSC, which were divided into the control group (HFL1∶HUVEC=1∶1), the fibrosis group (HFL1∶HUVEC=3∶1) and the vascularization group (HFL1∶HUVEC=1∶3). The osteogenic differentiation of BMSC was observed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red staining. The transcription level of osteogenic marker genes SP7, RUNX2, ALPL, and BGLAP, and vascularization related genes KDR and VWF were analyzed by qPCR. The expression levels of RUNX2 and ALP were determined by Western Blot. Results:In the co-culture system of BMSCs, HFL1, and HUVECs, BMSCs exhibited normal growth and apparent biomineralization behavior. Endothelial cells were capable of forming structured vascular networks, confirming the successful establishment of the system. Compared to the baseline group, the fibrotic group showed no significant decrease in BMSC osteogenic differentiation. The relative expression levels of the mineralization marker genes ALPL and BGLAP were 0.55±0.19 ( P<0.001) and 0.42±0.27 ( P<0.001), respectively. Vascularization genes KDR and VWF were downregulated, with relative expression levels of 0.49±0.17 ( P<0.001) and 0.49±0.21 ( P<0.001). In contrast, in the vascularized group, BMSC osteogenic differentiation genes SP7, RUNX2, ALPL, and BGLAP were upregulated, with relative expression levels of 2.91±0.52 ( P<0.001), 3.83±1.87 ( P<0.001), 3.22±1.29 ( P<0.001), and 5.21±1.46 ( P<0.001), respectively. Vascularization genes KDR and VWF were also upregulated, with relative expressions of 8.24±2.84 ( P<0.001) and 5.32±1.67 ( P<0.001). Western blot results indicated increased expression of RUNX2 and ALP in the vascularized group and decreased expression in the fibrotic group. Conclusion:The bone nonunion organoid on chip could partially simulate the local microenvironment of bone nonunion. Fibrosis may lead to a significant decrease in bone formation ability and vascularization level, which might be an important reason for the occurrence of aseptic bone nonunion.
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With the rapid development of fundus imaging technology, it is of great significance to establish a new naming system for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) based on the multi-mode imaging. In 2020, an international panel of retina specialists, imaging and image reading center experts, and ocular pathologists reached a consensus after repeated discussions, a new name for nAMD subtype and related lesions was established based on the previous knowledge of fundus fluorescein angiography and pathology, combining indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography and optical coherence tomography angiography with current pathological knowledge, in order to help ophthalmologists to study nAMD. The consensus proposed the term "macular neovascularization" and classified it into type 1, type 2 and type 3. Many lesions related to macular neovascularization, such as pigment epithelial detachment, hemorrhage, fibrosis, rip of retinal pigment epithelium and so on, were named. The new designation will help improve clinical communication between different studies, establish standard definitions and terms between reading centers and researchers, and further promote the understanding and communication of nAMD among ophthalmologists.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of intravitreal injection of conbercept (IVC) in the treatment of type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) with different types of pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From June 2018 to June 2021, 42 patients with 42 eyes of nAMD type 1 MNV patients with different types of PED diagnosed in the ophthalmological examination of the Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command were included in the study. All eyes underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). The OCT examination was performed with a 3D-OCT 2000 instrument from Topcon Company in Japan. The fovea was scanned, and the PED height (PEDH), PED area (PEDA), PED volume (PEDV), and central foveal thickness (CFT) were measured. According to the OCT image features of PED, the affected eyes were divided into serous PED (sPED), fibrovascular PED (fPED), and hemorrhagic PED (hPED), and were grouped accordingly. Among the 42 eyes, 16 (38.1%, 16/42), 14 (33.3%, 14/42), and 12 (28.6%, 12/42) eyes were in the sPED group, fPED group, and hPED group, respectively. All patients received IVC treatment once a month for 3 consecutive months, and then on-demand treatment after assessment. BCVA and OCT were re-examined 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, and the changes of BCVA, PEDH, PEDA, PEDV, and CFT in the affected eyes before and after treatment were compared, and repeated measures analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.Results:At 12 months after treatment, the PEDH, PEDA and PEDV of the affected eyes in the sPED group, fPED group and hPED group were significantly lower than those before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The difference in the degree of improvement was -318.67±258.09 μm, -6.50±6.33 μm 2, -1.95±1.78 μm 3 in the hPED group; -119.31±224.13 μm, -0.86 ±5.00 μm 2, -0.56±1.64 μm 3 in the sPED group; fPED group were -53.93±92.51 μm, -0.76±2.54 μm 2, -0.19±0.46 μm 3. The improvement degree of the affected eyes in hPED group was significantly greater than that in sPED group and fPED group, and the difference was statistically significant ( F=5.918, 6.029, 5.494; P<0.05). Compared with the BCVA and CFT before treatment, 12 months after treatment, the difference was statistically significant in the fPED group and the hPED group ( P<0.05); there was no significant improvement in the sPED group ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the BCVA of the affected eyes in the three groups compared with those before treatment ( F=0.817, 0.741, 0.848; P>0.05). Conclusion:Conbercept can effectively improve or stabilize the visual function and anatomical morphology of eyes with type 1 MNV in nAMD with sPED, fPED and hPED, among which the anatomical effect is better for hPED.
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Lactic acid, a widespread metabolite in the tumor microenvironment, is mainly produced by tumor cells that undergo aerobic glycolysis. Lactic acid is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor. It not only serves as a substrate to supply energy to tumor cells, but also acts as a signaling molecule to activate multiple pathways to promote invasive and metastasis, angiogenesis and immune escape of tumor cells. In-depth research on the mechanism of action of lactic acid in the occurrence and development of tumor and related therapeutic progress will help to find drug targets for treatment of tumor and improve prognosis of patients.
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Objective:To fabricate tAu@glutathione(GSH)@Gd nanoprobe for tumor angiogenesis bimodal (MR/CT) imaging, and evaluate its characteristics and potential for MR/CT imaging in vivo. Methods:The tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes were constructed by encapsulating Au and Gd atoms into the GSH shell with cyclic asparagine-glycine-arginine (cNGR) peptide conjugation. EMT-6 BALB/c mice subcutaneous transplantation tumor models were established ( n=30) and divided into blank control group (saline), control group (Au@GSH@Gd nanoparticles) and experimental group (tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes) ( n=10 in each group). In vivo MR/CT imaging and distribution study were performed at different time points after tail intravenously injection. Relative MR signal value and relative CT value of tumor site and main organs in mice were used to evaluate MR/CT imaging property and biological distribution. After that, tumor tissues were collected for silver staining to study the accumulation of Au@GSH@Gd nanoparticles and tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes. Independent-sample t test was used for data analysis. Results:The tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes were (6.40±0.22) nm with high T 1 relaxation efficiency ((36.91±0.07) mmol·L -1·s -1). MR/CT imaging of tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes showed good performance in vitro. In vivo MR/CT imaging demonstrated MR/CT imaging of tumor was significantly enhanced by tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes after 2 h post injection. The strongest enhancement was observed at 24 h, with an increased relative MR signal value from 1.04±0.12 (before injection) to 1.84±0.26 ( t=12.61, P=0.006), and increased relative CT value from 1.01±0.04 (before injection) to 1.95±0.05 ( t=15.34, P=0.004). The highest MR/CT effect in control group appeared at 16 h, with the relative MR signal value of 1.50±0.06 and the relative CT value of 1.53±0.10, which were significantly lower than those in experimental group (1.84±0.26 and 1.95±0.05; t values: 5.35 and 16.46, both P<0.05). Distribution in normal tissues showed that most of tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes were metabolized through the kidneys. Tissue silver staining experiment verified the tumor angiogenesis targeting effect. Conclusion:The tAu@GSH@Gd nanoprobes exhibit favorable tumor angiogenesis target MR/CT imaging ability, providing a new design concept and basis for assessing tumor angiogenesis.
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Objective:To evaluate carotid plaque neovascularization and vessel stability using superb microvascular imaging.Methods:Seventy-two patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaques received treatment in The Seventh People's Hospital of Wenzhou from June 2018 to June 2020 and were included in this study. A total of 100 carotid plaques were surgically removed from these patients. These patients were subject to superb microvascular imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography before carotid plaques were removed. Taking pathological results of carotid plaque as a gold standard, we investigated the efficacy of superb microvascular imaging versus contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in detecting carotid plaque neovascularization and vessel stability and evaluated the detection consistency of each imaging method with the gold standard. Results:The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of superb microvascular imaging in detecting carotid plaque neovascularization were 93.24%, 92.31%, and 93.00%, and they were 95.96%, 96.15%, and 96.00% for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. The Kappa values of consistency of agreement on carotid plaque neovascularization identification were 0.825 and 0.923 for superb microvascular imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of superb microvascular imaging in detecting vessel stability were 94.74%, 95.35%, and 95.00%, respectively and they were 96.49%, 97.67%, and 97.00%, respectively for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. The Kappa values of consistency of agreement on vessel stability evaluation were 0.898 and 0.939 for superb microvascular imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography, respectively.Conclusion:Superb microvascular imaging has equivalent efficacy in detecting carotid plaque neovascularization and vessel stability to contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Superb microvascular imaging is non-invasive, provides ease in operation, and is worthy of clinical promotion.
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Objective:To explore the therapeutic mechanism of Mongolian medicine Sendeng-4 decoction for rheumatoid arthritis by 99Tc m-hydrazinonicotinamide-(polyethylene glycol) 4-E[(polyethylene glycol) 4-c((Arg-Gly-Asp)fk)] 2 (3PRGD 2) imaging. Methods:A total of 200 female SD rats (age: 6-7 weeks) were divided into collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) group ( n=176) and blank control group ( n=24). Rats in the CIA group were divided into Sendeng-4 decoction treatment group ( n=24), etanercept treatment group ( n=24), and negative control group ( n=24) by simple random sampling method. 99Tc m-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT imaging was performed before and after modeling and treatment. The differences of target/non-target (T/NT) ratio and serological, pathological, and immunohistochemical results among groups were compared by one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. The correlation was analyzed by Pearson correlation or Spearman correlation analysis. Results:There were 95 (95/176) CIA models successfully established. The T/NT ratios of Sendeng-4 decoction treatment group and etanercept treatment group were lower than that of negative control group (0.260± 0.094, 0.238±0.099, 0.766±0.144 ; F=163.00, P<0.001), while there was no significant difference between the two drug treatment groups ( P>0.05). After drug treatment, serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and α vβ 3 were significantly lower than those of negative control group ( F values: 49.43-92.36, all P<0.001), pathological score was also lower than that of negative control group ( H=34.25, P<0.001), and levels of immunohistochemical makers (VEGF, TNF-α, α vβ 3, CD31, CD34) were also lower than those of negative control group ( H values: 13.51-26.84, all P<0.001), while there were no significant differences between the two drug treatment groups (all P>0.05). The T/NT ratios were positively correlated with above indictors in Sendeng-4 decoction treatment group ( r values: 0.56-0.59, rs values: 0.49-0.69), etanercept treatment group ( r values: 0.50-0.55, rs values: 0.46-0.70) and negative control group ( r values: 0.55-0.80, rs values: 0.58-0.86, P<0.001 or P<0.05). Conclusion:Verified by 99Tc m-3PRGD 2 SPECT/CT imaging and molecular pathology, Mongolian medicine Sendeng-4 decoction can inhibit neovascularization by down-regulating vascular factors such as VEGF, resulting in delaying the progression of the disease and improving clinical symptoms.
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Objective:To evaluate the stability of newly formed blood vessels in the carotid plaque using qualitative and quantitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound images and to investigate its correction with the occurrence of ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 100 patients with carotid artery plaques diagnosed by routine ultrasound who received treatment between August 2017 and December 2019 in Haiyan People's Hospital, China were included in this study. They were divided into an ischemic stroke group ( n = 60) and a non-ischemic stroke group ( n = 40) according to the occurrence of stroke. Two groups of patients underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound examination of the carotid artery. The correlation between the stability of the newly formed vessels in the carotid plaque and the occurrence of ischemic stroke was quantitatively analyzed. Results:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound results revealed low or medium intensity of echoes. The proportion of patients exhibiting grade 3-4 intensity of echoes in the ischemic stroke group was significantly higher than that in the non-ischemic stroke group ( P < 0.05). Time to peak in the ischemic stroke group was significantly shorter than that in the non-ischemic stroke group [(25.46 ± 3.25) seconds vs. (32.77 ± 4.28) seconds, t = 3.783, P = 0.000]. In the ischemic stroke group, peak intensity [(59.62 ± 10.18) dB vs. (47.53 ± 14.36) dB, t = 3.263, P = 0.000] and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [(2 365.37 ± 346.03) cm 2vs. (1 695.42 ± 525.44) cm 2, t = 4.981, P = 0.000] were significantly higher than those in the non-ischemic stroke group (both P < 0.05). Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound visual scoring combined with quantitative ultrasonography technology can be used to assess the stability and possible development process of carotid plaques, which provide practical and reliable evidence for selecting a rational opportunity for clinical treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular disease and developing a reasonable treatment plan.
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Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a multifactorial disease affected by environmental factors and genetic variation, which is a major cause of irreversible vision loss in the elderly. miRNA is a kind of endogenous non-coding RNA, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AMD, such as oxidative stress, pathological neovascularization and inflammation, by inhibiting or silencing the expression of transcription genes. miRNA has unique advantages in terms of ease synthesis, targeting and additive effect, a large number of experiments have proved the therapeutic potential of miRNA in AMD, which is expected to become a new method for the treatment of AMD in the future. Since the pathogenesis of AMD has not been fully elucidated, it is still necessary to continue to study the pathogenesis of AMD, the biological effects and mechanisms of various miRNA in the occurrence and development of AMD, and observe its therapeutic effects in AMD, so as to provide more effective options for the precise prevention and treatment of AMD.
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The portal vein system is the main blood supply system of the liver, and damage to the portal vein system caused by cirrhotic portal hypertension may be the second hit to the liver. Protection of the portal vein will ensure sufficient blood supply of the liver and maintain its structure and function. Starting from the physiological structure and pathological changes of the portal vein, this article elaborates on the adverse effect of portal hypertension on the liver from the three new perspectives of thrombosis of the portal system, abnormal angiogenesis, and disturbance of hepatic sinusoidal homeostasis. It is suggested to change the current status of passive treatment of portal hypertension complications and encourage scientific exploration to reduce portal hypertension from multiple angles as early as possible to avoid repeated endoscopic devascularization of collateral circulation and splenectomy, so as to reduce various factors for the damage of the portal system, maintain the homeostasis of the portal system, and protect the liver.
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Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la asociación entre el ancho de distribución de glóbulos rojos y la retinopatía diabética proliferativa en pacientes con diabetes tipo 2. Métodos: Realizamos un estudio de casos y controles en un hospital. Pacientes adultos (≥ 18 años) con diagnóstico de Retinopatía Diabética que fueron sometidos a controles médicos en el servicio de Oftalmología donde se inscribieron en nuestro estudio. Seleccionamos un tamaño de muestra total de 262 pacientes, de los cuales 131 casos tenían retinopatía diabética proliferativa y 131 controles tenían retinopatía diabética no proliferativa. Se registraron datos sobre edad, sexo, índice de masa corporal, antecedentes de hipertensión, nefropatía diabética, insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva, hemoglobina y HbA1c para las personas que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se utilizó un modelo de razón de probabilidades para probar la relación entre el ancho de distribución de glóbulos rojos y la retinopatía diabética proliferativa. Resultados: El ancho medio de distribución de glóbulos rojos +/- DE de los casos fue 14,41 +/- 0,84 y los controles fue 13,49 +/- 1,26. De acuerdo con el análisis bivariado, se encontró una asociación entre el ancho de distribución de los glóbulos rojos y la retinopatía diabética proliferativa (OR 3,79, P = 0,000, IC = 2,12-6,78). El análisis de regresión logística multivariante indicó que el ancho de distribución de glóbulos rojos (OR 2,15, P = 0,037, IC = 1,05-4,43) era un factor de riesgo independiente para el desarrollo de retinopatía diabética proliferativa. Conclusión: Los valores elevados del ancho de distribución de glóbulos rojos se relacionaron con la retinopatía diabética proliferativa, lo que sugiere la posible aplicación del ancho de distribución de glóbulos rojos como un biomarcador predictivo accesible de la progresión de la enfermedad en pacientes con retinopatía diabética.
Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the association between Red Blood cell Distribution width and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: We conducted a hospital-based case-control study. Adult patients (≥ 18 years old) with the diagnosis of Diabetic Retinopathy who underwent medical check-ups at the ophthalmology department where enrolled in our study. We selected a total sample size of 262 patients, of which 131 cases had Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and 131 controls had Non Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Data about age, gender, body mass index, history of hypertension, diabetic nephropathy, Congestive heart failure, Hemoglobin and HbA1c were registered for individuals who met inclusion criteria. Odds ratio model was used to test the relationship between Red Blood Cell Distribution Width and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Results: Mean Red Blood cell Distribution width +/- SD of the cases was 14.41+/-0.84 and the controls was 13.49+/-1.26. According to bivariate analysis, an association was found between Red Blood cell Distribution width and Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (OR 3.79, P=0.000, IC=2.12-6.78). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that Red Blood cell Distribution width (OR 2.15, P=0.037, IC= 1.05-4.43) was an independent risk factors for the development of Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy. Conclusion: Elevated values of Red Blood cell Distribution width were related to Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy, suggesting the potential application of Red Blood cell Distribution width as an accessible predictive biomarker of disease progression in patients with diabetic retinopathy.
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Abstract Introduction: Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by the presence of arteriovenous malformations in the nasal mucosa, the tips of fingers, and sometimes in the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, the liver, the pancreas, the marrow and the brain. Its treatment is based on symptomatic control measures, but recently, the administration of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) molecules has been proposed as a treatment alternative, especially in patients with recurrent bleeding. Case presentation: The case of a 67-year-old man diagnosed with HHT and suffering from potentially life-threatening gastrointestinal GI bleeding is presented. The patient underwent several esophagogastric cauterization procedures but not positive outcomes were obtained, so he had to go to the Emergency Service of the hospital multiple times due to having low levels of hemoglobin (as low as 3.5g/dL). A bevacizumab based treatment was started by using a novel dosage regimen consisting of the administration of 6 5mg/kg bevacizumab dosages every 14 days. During the first week of treatment, hemoglobin levels increased to 14g/dL and the condition was stabilized. Conclusions: The findings reported here suggest that bevacizumab may be a therapeutic choice to be considered when treating patients with recurrent and refractory GI bleeding caused by HHT. However, a larger sample is required to determine if administering this medication is safe for these patients, as well as the appropriate dosage.
Resumen Introducción. La telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (HHT) es una enfermedad genética autosómica dominante que se caracteriza por la presencia de malformaciones arteriovenosas en mucosa nasal, dedos y, algunas veces, pulmones, tracto gastrointestinal, hígado, páncreas, médula ósea y cerebro. El tratamiento se basa en el control sintomático, pero recientemente se ha propuesto la administración de moléculas anti-factor de crecimiento de endotelio vascular (VEGF), en especial en pacientes que presentan sangrado recurrente. Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 67 años con diagnóstico de telangiectasia hemorrágica hereditaria (HHT) y hemorragia gastrointestinal severa potencialmente mortal. El paciente recibió múltiples cauterizaciones esofagogástricas sin obtener respuesta, por lo que ingresó en múltiples oportunidades al servicio de urgencias con niveles de hemoglobina incluso tan bajos como 3.5g/dL. Se inició tratamiento con bevacizumab con un novedoso esquema de 6 dosis de 5mg/k cada 14 días, lográndose aumentar los niveles de hemoglobina a 14g/dL durante la primera semana de tratamiento y estabilizando la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Los hallazgos sugieren que el bevacizumab puede ser una opción terapéutica en sangrado gastrointestinal recurrente y refractario secundario a HHT. Sin embargo, se requiere incluir una cohorte de pacientes más amplia para establecer la seguridad del medicamento y la dosificación apropiada para este tipo de pacientes.
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Apatinib is a kind of antiangiogenesis drug of small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which can strongly against tumor angiogenesis by inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 with highly selectivity. Apatinib can block cell cycle and reverse drug resistance. Clinical studies have shown that Apatinib is effective for many malignant tumors,including non-small cell lung cancer,breast cancer and gastric cancer,which has encouraging objective response rate and survival benefit. Apatinib also has good safety and tolerance.
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Angiogenic factor with G and FHA domain 1 (AGGF1) is an identified angiogenic factor in recent years,which is highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and exhibits the same function as vascular endothelial growth factor,and can promote angiogenesis.Recently,it has been found that AGGF1 is highly expressed in various tumors such as liver cancer,leukemia,glioma and gastric cancer.Based on its participation in the regulation of tumor angiogenesis,DNA repair and autophagy,tumors with high expression of AGGF1 are prone to drug resistance and metastasis,and the survival and prognosis of patients are worse.Deep understanding of the roles of AGGF1 in tumor angiogenesis and its specific molecular mechanisms will provide new strategies for anti-tumor angiogenesis therapy in the future.
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Objective To investigate the characteristics and the enhanced patterns of carotid plaque using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and patients with cerebral infarction.Methods The patients with carotid plaque were divided into two groups according to whether they had cerebral infarction:54 patients (62 plaques with CEUS) with cerebral infarction were included in group A,and 48 patients (54 plaques with CEUS) without cerebral infarction were included in group B.The plaques were divided into four grades according to the degree of plaque enhancement.According to the source of intraplaque contrast agents,plaque enhancement patterns were divided into adventitia enhancement,lumen enhancement and mixed enhancement.To analyze the degree and pattern of carotid plaque enhancement in the two groups.Results Carotid plaque enhancement in cerebral infarction group was mainly grade 3 (26/62) and grade 4 (22/62),while that in non-cerebral infarction group was mainly grade 2 (20/54) and grade 3 (20/54).There was significant difference between the two groups in the proportion of carotid plaque enhancement of grade 2 (P =0.019) and grade 4 (P =0.041).The proportion of plaque adventitia enhancement model in group A(27/59) was lower than that in group B (37/50),with statistically significant difference (P =0.003).While the proportion of mixed enhancement mode in group A was significantly higher than that in group B (P =0.003).Conclusions The enhancement of carotid plaque was obvious in cerebral infarction patients,and the mixed enhancement pattern was more common.It suggested that the communication between vascular cavity and plaque might be an important factor leading to cerebral infarction.
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Tumor neovascularization plays an important role in the occurrence, development and metastasis of cancer. Non-invasive quantification and detection of tumor neovascularization is crucial for early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of cancer. Targeted molecular imaging has arisen in vascular targeting imaging and precise treatment based on the molecular characteristics of neovascularization. Aminopeptidase N (APN, or CD13) is a multifunctional membrane-bound exopeptidase that is overexpressed in neovascular endothelial cells and some tumor cells but rarely expressed in normal blood vessels, which makes it a potential target for tumor neovascularization imaging and anti-angiogenic therapy. This review summarizes the application progress and the future development trend of target molecular imaging and precise treatment based on CD13.
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Objective@#To evaluate the response of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on osteosarcoma by semi-quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI).@*Methods@#Retrospectively analysis 25 cases of osteosarcoma confirmed by pathology.All cases received DCE-MRI scan before and after 4 cycles of neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The following semi-quantitative parameters were calculated by post-processing software: early dynamic enhancement wash-in slope (Slope), maximum signal intensity (SImax), time to peak (TTP), signal enhanced extent (SEE), peak percent enhancement (PPE), wash out rate (WOR), enhancement rate (R). All cases were divided into good response group (tumor necrosis rate ≥90%, n=12) and non-response group (tumor necrosis rate <90%, n=13) according to the Huvos grading method. Semi-quantitative parameters of DCE-MRI before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy between good response group and non-response group were compared by Mann-whitney U test. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy of different good response group and non-response group after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).@*Results@#Slope, SImax, TTP, SEE, PPE, WOR, R, TTP, WOR before and after NAC in good response group were significant different (P<0. 05), but only SImax, SEE in non-response group. TTP, R were significant different between the above two groups before NAC, and Slope, SImax, TTP, SEE, WOR, R were significant different after NAC (P<0.05). ROC was used to predict the diagnostic efficiency of various parameters for tumor necrosis rate after osteosarcoma NAC. It was found that the sensitivity and specificity of Slope, TTP and R parameters for predicting the response of osteosarcoma after chemotherapy were 83.3% and 92.3%, 91.7% and 69.2%, 84.6% and 75.0% respectively. The area under the curve (AUC) were 0.872 (95% CI: 0.716 to 1.027), 0.846 (95% CI: 0.685 to 1.007), 0.833 (95% CI: 0.662 to 1.004), the cut-off value were 0.032, 175 s, 5.441, Youden index were 0.756, 0.609, 0.596, respectively.@*Conclusions@#Slope, TTP, R were the most valuable semi-quantitative parameter of DCE-MRI to predict the response of NAC in osteosarcoma.