Mudanças na rotina de instituições delonga permanência para idosos em função da pandemia da COVID-19 / Changes in the routine of long-stay institutions for the elderly due to the COVID-19 pandemic

Objetivo: Identificar as mudanças surgidas como resultado das medidas implementadas em Instituições de Longa Permanecia para Idosos para a prevenção do contágio pelo novo coronavírus SARS-CoV-2 no município de Teresina no Estado do Piauí. Método: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de natureza quantitativa com os gestores de quatro instituições na cidade de Teresina no Piauí, realizada por meio de um formulário, estruturado e eletrônico, na plataforma Google Forms. Resultados: Foram implementados protocolos preventivos em todas as instituições, com foco em medidas de segurança para os idosos e focando em condutas de higiene, de forma unanime a obrigatoriedade do uso de máscara e suspensão de visitas. Conclusões: Foram analisadas quatro Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos e de acordo com os dados coletados as instituições passaram por processo de adaptação as necessidades que surgem para melhorar a qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados.(AU)

Objective: To identify the changes that have arisen as a result of measures implemented in Long Stay Institutions for the Elderly for the prevention of contagion by the new SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in the municipality of Teresina, State of Piauí. Method: This is a cross-sectional study of a quantitative nature with managers of four institutions in the city of Teresina, Piauí, carried out through a structured and electronic form, on the Google Forms platform. Results: Preventive protocols were implemented in all institutions, focusing on safety measures for the elderly and focusing on hygiene behaviors, unanimously the mandatory use of masks and suspension of visits. Conclusions: Four long-stay institutions for the elderly were analyzed and, according to the data collected as institutions, they underwent an adaptation process as needed to improve the quality of life of institutionalized elderly.(AU)

Objetivos: Identificar los cambios que han surgido como resultado de las medidas implementadas en Instituciones de Larga Estancia para Personas Mayores para la prevención del contagio por el nuevo coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 en el municipio de Teresina, Estado de Piauí. Método: Se trata de un estudio transversal de carácter cuantitativo con responsables de cuatro instituciones de la ciudad de Teresina, Piauí, realizado a través de un formulario estructurado y electrónico, en la plataforma Google Forms. Resultados: Se implementaron protocolos preventivos en todas las instituciones, enfocándose en las medidas de seguridad para los adultos mayores y enfocados en las conductas higiénicas, por unanimidad el uso obligatorio de mascarillas y suspensión de visitas. Conclusiones: Se analizaron cuatro instituciones de larga estancia para ancianos que, de acuerdo con los datos recolectados como instituciones, se sometieron a un proceso de adaptación según fue necesario para mejorar la calidad de vida de los ancianos institucionalizados.(AU)

Validismo en el anciano. Contexto social y capacidad funcional

Fundamento: el envejecimiento es un hecho que afecta a toda la población mundial, y de manera considerable, a los países más desarrollados, en los que la esperanza de vida ha ido aumentando tal y como se refleja en el informe de Naciones Unidas. Objetivo: describir el contexto social y capacidad funcional en gerontos del consultorio # 8 del Área de Salud I del municipio Cienfuegos durante el año 2022. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente una muestra del 30 % para un total de 131 ancianos. Se realizó una entrevista estructurada, que recogió las variables generales: edad, sexo, nivel de escolaridad, ocupación, antecedentes patológicos personales, la colaboración de apoyo y para completar la valoración social se aplicó el Cuestionario de Funcionamiento Familiar. Resultados: el grupo de edad de 60 a 65 años tuvo más prevalencia, el 45,5 % estudió hasta la primaria terminada, seguidos de los de secundaria terminada con el 29,0 %. Los jubilados estuvieron representados en un 38,9 %, las principales enfermedades no transmisibles que prevalecieron fueron: la hipertensión arterial, la cardiopatía isquémica y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, el 40,4 % vivía solo, el 19,8 % tenía cuidador, el 14,5 % no recibían apoyo y el 9,9 % de los ancianos que se encontraban en probable estado de necesidad social. Conclusiones: un adulto mayor bien nutrido, querido, apoyado, con todas las necesidades básicas satisfechas, así como todas las enfermedades asociadas propias de esta etapa de la vida compensadas, tendrá en cualquier sociedad una mejor calidad de vida.

Foundation: aging is a fact that affects the entire world population, and considerably, the most developed countries, in which life expectancy has been increasing as reflected in the United Nations report. Objective: to describe the social context and functional capacity in gerontos of clinic # 8 of Health Area I of the Cienfuegos municipality during the year 2022. Method: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. A 30 % sample was randomly selected for a total of 131 elderly people. A structured interview was carried out, which included the general variables: age, sex, level of education, occupation, personal pathological history, support collaboration and to complete the social assessment, the Family Functioning Questionnaire was applied. Results: the age group of 60 to 65 years had the most prevalence, 45.5 % studied until they completed primary school, followed by those who completed secondary school with 29.0 %. Retirees were represented at 38.9 %, the main non-communicable diseases that prevailed were: high blood pressure, ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, 40.4 % lived alone, 19.8 % had a caregiver, 14.5 % did not receive support and 9.9 % of the elderly who were in a probable state of social need. Conclusions: a well-nourished, loved, supported older adult, with all basic needs satisfied, as well as all associated diseases typical of this stage of life compensated, will have a better quality of life in any society.

Recriando a vida a partir do clown: um estudo com idosos em um centro de convivência em Portugal / Recreating life through clown: a study with seniors at a social center in Portugal

O presente artigo visa apresentar parte de uma investigação empírica que teve como objetivo: verificar de que forma um processo de criação do clown aplicado com idosos pode contribuir para o bem-estar e a vida com qualidade. Orientando-se com base em uma abordagem qualitativa, foi realizada uma pesquisa-ação com um grupo de idosos residentes em um centro para o convívio de idosos na cidade do Porto/Portugal. Desse modo, foi realizado um conjunto de atividades com os idosos: atividades de relaxamento; atividades corporais; e atividades de expressão corporal. O que contribuiu para uma maior vitalidade corporal, aquisição de uma maior desenvoltura dos movimentos, mais segurança em relação ao próprio corpo, mais independência pessoal, e uma melhor respiração, interação, criação, comunicação e desinibição corporal. Assim gerando impactos no seu bem-estar e para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos em questão.

This article aims to present part of an empirical investigation that aimed to: verify how a clown creation process applied to the elderly can contribute to well-being and quality of life. In this sense, guided by a qualitative approach, an action-research was carried out with a group of elderly residents in a center for the conviviality of the elderly in the city of Porto/Portugal. Thus,a set of activities was carried out with the elderly: relaxation activities; bodily activities; and body expression activities. This contributed to greater bodily vitality, acquisition of greater ease of movement, greater security in relation to one's own body, greater personal independence, and better breathing, interaction, creation, communication and bodily disinhibition. Thus, generating impacts on their well-being and improving the quality of life of the elderly in question.

Cuidados, velhice e pandemia: algumas questões para pensar o cenário brasileiro / Care, old age and the pandemic: some questions to think about the Brazilian scenario / Cuidados, vejez y pandemia: algunas cuestiones para pensar el escenario brasileño

Tendo como pano de fundo o contexto brasileiro, o presente texto tem por objetivo tecer algumas reflexões sobre o cruzamento entre envelhecimento e cuidado no período pandêmico. Amparada por dados de uma pesquisa realizada no período que antecedeu a Covid-19 - 2019 - e por outras que aconteceram durante a pandemia, a proposta é pontuar os links de conexão entre esses dois momentos. Apesar da hiperexposição do idoso durante a pandemia de Covid-19, com destaque para a estigmatização e os diferentes níveis de violência, é possível perceber que se tratou de uma exacerbação da visibilidade, mas não de algo novo. No caso do cruzamento entre cuidado e velhice, podemos dizer que um grande segredo público veio à tona.

Using the Brazilian context as a backdrop, this text reflects on the intersection of aging and care during the pandemic. Based on data collected by a study conducted in the period leading up to Covid-19 - 2019 - and other studies during the pandemic, the aim is to highlight the connective links between these two moments. Despite the hyper exposure of older people during the pandemic, including stigmatization and different levels of violence, it is possible to see that it was more of an exacerbation of visibility, but not something new. In the case of the intersection of care and old age, we could say that a major public secret came to light.

Teniendo como telón de fondo el contexto brasileño, el objetivo de este texto es realizar algunas reflexiones sobre el cruce entre envejecimiento y cuidado en el período pandémico. Amparada por datos de una investigación realizada en el período que precedió a la Covid-19 - 2019 - y por otras que tuvieron lugar durante la pandemia, la propuesta es puntuar los enlaces de conexión entre esos dos momentos. A pesar de la súper exposición del anciano durante la Covid-19, con destaque para la estigmatización y los diferentes niveles de violencia, es posible percibir que se trató más de una exacerbación de la visibilidad, pero no de algo nuevo. En el caso del cruce entre cuidado y vejez, podemos decir que un gran secreto público salió a la superficie.

The impact of lung protective ventilation strategy on elderly emergency surgical patients / 中国现代医生

Objective To observe the effects of implementing lung protective ventilation strategies on lung dynamic compliance and oxygenation function in elderly emergency surgery patients.Methods A total of 126 elderly patients undergoing emergency surgery admitted to Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected.They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group,with 63 patients in each group,using a random number table method.All selected cases underwent general anesthesia mechanical ventilation during surgery.The control group chose conventional ventilation mode,while the observation group adopted lung protective ventilation.The lung dynamic compliance,oxygenation function,inflammatory indicators,and complications of the two groups of patients were compared.Results Within 30 minutes of surgery,the mean airway pressure(Pmean)and peak airway pressure(Ppeak)levels of both groups of patients increased compared to preoperative levels.The observation group had a smaller increase than the control group(P<0.05),and the pulmonary dynamic compliance(Cdyn)levels were lower than preoperative levels.The observation group had a lower increase than the control group(P<0.05).After 2 hours of surgery,the levels of Pmean and Ppeak in both groups of patients decreased compared to 30 minutes during surgery,and the decrease in the observation group was smaller than that in the control group(P<0.05).The levels of Cdyn in both groups decreased compared to before surgery,and the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).24 hours after surgery,the blood oxygen saturation(SpO2)and arterialpartial pressure of oxygen(PaO2)levels in both groups of patients decreased compared to before surgery,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).The alveolar-arterial oxygen partial pressure difference[P(A-a)DO2]levels between the two groups increased compared to preoperative levels,and the observation group was higher than the control group(P<0.05).48 hours after surgery,the SpO2 and PaO2 levels in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,and the P(A-a)DO2 levels were lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).24 hours after surgery,the serum C-reactive protein(CRP)and white blood cell(WBC)levels in both groups were significantly increased compared to preoperative levels,and the observation group was higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).48 hours after surgery,the serum CRP and WBC levels of both groups of patients decreased compared to 24 hours after surgery,and the observation group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(7.94％vs.25.40％)(P<0.05).Conclusion Implementing lung protective ventilation strategies for elderly emergency surgical patients is beneficial for improving lung dynamic compliance and oxygenation function,inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines,reducing the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications,and effectively exerting lung protective effects.

Relationship between mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio and left atrial thrombosis in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between mean platelet volume/lymphocyte ratio(MPVLR)and left atrial thrombosis in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation(NVAF).Methods A total of 178 elderly patients with NVAF admitted to the hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were enrolled in the study.The patients were divided into thrombosis group(28 cases)and non-throm-bosis group(150 cases)according to the left atrial thrombosis judged by using esophageal echocardiography(TEE).The white blood cell count(WBC),red blood cell count(RBC),lymphocyte count,lymphocyte pro-portion,platelet count(PLT)and mean platelet volume(MPV)were detected by automatic blood cell analy-zer,and MPVLR was calculated.The liver and kidney function indicators and blood lipid indicators were detec-ted by automatic biochemical analyzer.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the predictive value of MPV,lymphocyte ratio and MPVLR for left atrial thrombosis in NVAF patients.Multiva-riate Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of left atrial thrombosis in elderly NVAF patients.Results MPV,lymphocyte proportion and MPVLR in the thrombosis group were higher than those in the non-thrombosis group,and the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)of MPV,lymphocyte ratio and MPVLR for predicting left atrial thrombosis in NVAF patients were 0.821(95％CI:0.764-0.882),0.771(95％CI:0.714-0.842)and 0.901(95％CI:0.861-0.949).respectively.The course of disease in the thrombosis group was longer than that in the non-thrombosis group,the proportion of patients with chronic heart failure,the proportion of patients with stroke,CH A2DS2-VASc score,LAEF,LAD,LVEDV,MPVLR,serum uric acid,MPV,lymphocyte proportion and MPVLR were higher than those in the non-thrombosis group,and LVEF was lower than that in the non-thrombosis group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).Multivariate Logistic regression a-nalysis showed that disease duration ≥1.93 years(OR=3.050,95％CI:1.928-4.824),chronic heart failure(OR=3.333,95％CI:1.808-6.144),MPVLR≥3.10(OR=3.873,95％CI:1.734-8.650)were independ-ent risk factors for left atrial thrombosis in elderly NVAF patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The increase of MPVLR is associated with left atrial thrombosis in elderly patients with NVAF,and it can be used as a an in-dicator to predict left atrial thrombosis in patients with NVAF.

Clinical progress of internal fixation in the treatment of femoral neck fracture in middle-aged and elderly patients / 国际外科学杂志

Middle-aged and elderly patients with femoral neck fracture often suffer from basic diseases. Conservative treatment will significantly increase the incidence of complications. At present, surgical treatment is mostly advocated. Internal fixation is one of the effective treatment methods for middle-aged and elderly patients with femoral neck fracture. It has the advantages of improving hip joint function, accelerating patient recovery, and improving patient quality of life. At present, there are many choices of internal fixation in the world, each has its own advantages and disadvantages, and there is no unified standard. Different surgical methods can be selected according to various factors such as fracture type, patient′s physical condition and surgical auxiliary technology. This article reviews the clinical progress of internal fixation for femoral neck fractures in middle-aged and elderly patients from four aspects: the characteristics of femoral neck fractures in middle-aged and elderly patients, common internal fixation methods, 3D printing guide plate auxiliary technology and artificial intelligence auxiliary technology.

Clinical study of percutaneous cement discoplasty for treating elderly patients with vacuum phenomenon-associated lumbar instability / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the clinical efficacy and significance of percutaneous cement discoplasty (PCD) in treating elderly patients with spinal instability and vacuum phenomenon on imaging. 【Methods】 We retrospectively analyzed 27 patients with spinal instability and vacuum phenomenon on imaging who underwent PVABC between June 2019 and September 2022. We recorded the surgery duration, bone cement usage, intraoperative bleeding, and total hospitalization time. We evaluated the improvement in pain and lumbar function by comparing pre- and postoperative visual analog scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores, and lumbar Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) scores. We also compared the change in intervertebral height and the distribution rate of bone cement in the intervertebral space by pre- and postoperative imaging data. 【Results】 All the 27 patients who underwent PCD had effective follow-up. The mean hospitalization time was (4.2±1.85) days, and the mean surgery duration was (32.3±4.51), (53.6±12.17), (74.4±6.33), and (90.0±10.36) minutes for single-, double-, triple-, and quadruple-level procedures, respectively. The intraoperative bleeding volume ranged from 2 to 13 mL, which was significantly lower than that of traditional intervertebral fusion surgery. Postoperative VAS pain scores, ODI scores, and JOA scores were significantly improved compared to those before surgery. In terms of imaging, the intervertebral height of the patients improved after surgery, and the distribution of bone cement in the intervertebral space was relatively good in the operated segments. Mechanical stability of the spine was restored. 【Conclusion】 For patients who are not suitable for open surgery due to severe complications, PCD is a feasible treatment option.

Clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of intestinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor in middle-aged and elderly patients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the clinicopathological and prognostic characteristics of intestinal inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours(IMT)in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods The clinical,pathologi-cal morphology,immunophenotype and follow-up results of 5 cases of intestinal IMT in middle-aged and elderly patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results 4 cases of IMT occurred in the right half colon and 1 in the ileum.Most patients(3/5)had a history of intestinal injury,starting the digestive tract symptoms and increased leukocytes.The tumor tissue was composed of fusiform myofibroblasts and fibroblasts arranged in storiform pattern,with an infiltrative growth pattern,accompanied by a large number of lymphocytes and plasma cells infiltration,collagen formation and myxedema.One case was atypically large and deformed.Immunophenotype:vimentin(5cases),SMA(5 cases),desmin(3 cases),ALK(3 cases),CK(2 cases)were positive.Caldesmon,CD34,β-catenin,MC,CD117,DOG1,S-100,BCL-2,CD99,CD68 were negative,and Ki-67 proliferation index was 1.28%to 10.01%.All the 5 cases underwent complete tumor resection and were followed up for 48.5 to 133 months.Among them,1 patient aged 83 was considered to have tumor recurrence 27 months after surgery.The other patient survived 122 months without tumor and died of other causes.All the others survived without tumor and were in good condition.Conclusion(1)Intestinal IMT in the middle-aged and elderly people in this group was more common in the right half colon,and most of them had a history of intestinal injury,first gastrointestinal symptoms and elevated white blood cells;(2)Vimentin and SMA were positive at the same time,and ALK was more positive;(3)4/5 patients had good surgical resection,and 1/5 patients could relapse 2～3 years after surgery;old age,ALK-positive,Ki67 up to 10%,atypia may be an important risk factor for intestinal IMT recurrence in the elderly,of which ALK-positive patients may have a recurrence risk of 1/3.

Effect of Rothman index on unplanned readmission and complications in elderly patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Total hip and knee arthroplasty is widely used in the elderly population,but there is a lack of accurate prediction methods for unplanned readmission and postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of the Rothman index on unplanned readmission and complications in elderly patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty. METHODS:A total of 153 patients who underwent elective total hip and knee arthroplasty from December 2020 to December 2022 in Ward Area One,Department of Orthopedics,The First People's Hospital of Zunyi were selected as the study subjects.According to whether they were unplanned readmission within 90 days after discharge,they were divided into a readmission group(n=21)and a non-readmission group(n=132).The general data of all patients were collected through the electronic medical record system,including gender,age,body mass index,diabetes mellitus,hypertension,and surgical joint type.The Rothman index was evaluated according to the literature.Postoperative complications were counted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)There was no significant difference in gender,body mass index,surgical joint type,and length of hospital stay between the readmission group and the non-readmission group(P>0.05).There were significant differences in the number of comorbidities,age,and Rothman score between the two groups(P<0.05).(2)The results of multivariate Logistics regression analysis showed that the number of comorbidities,age,and Rothman score were independent influencing factors for readmission 90 days after total hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients with hip and knee diseases(P<0.05).(3)The results of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis exhibited that the area under the curve of the Rothman index for predicting readmission 90 days after total hip and knee arthroplasty was 0.824;the sensitivity was 80.85%;the specificity was 78.85%;the maximum Youden index was 0.597,and the optimal cutoff value was 46 points.(4)The incidence of total complications in elderly patients with Rothman<46 was higher than that in elderly patients with Rothman≥46(P<0.05).(5)It is concluded that the Rothman index can accurately predict unplanned readmission after total hip and knee arthroplasty in elderly patients with hip and knee joint diseases.Simultaneously,patients with Rothman index of less than 46 points have a higher overall risk of complications and poor joint recovery,which can be used to improve postoperative management of patients in clinical practice.

Research progress on care dependence in elderly stroke patients / 新乡医学院学报

Care dependence refers to a complex and comprehensive state of being dependent on others due to the limita-tion of physical functions caused by the disease.Elderly stroke patients are high risk group for care dependence due to decrease in self-care ability caused by their disease characteristics.Therefore,this paper reviews the current research status,influencing factors,and interventions of care dependence,in order to provide reference for increasing attention to the care needs of elderly stroke patients,reducing their dependence,and improving their quality of life.

Effect of an extracorporeal diaphragm pacemaker combined with airway clearance technology on pulmonary infection, diaphragmatic mobility and thickness in older adult patients with dementia / 中国基层医药

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of an extracorporeal diaphragm pacemaker (EDP) combined with airway clearance technology (ACT) in the treatment of pulmonary infection in older adult patients with dementia and its impact on diaphragmatic mobility and thickness.Methods:A total of 60 patients with dementia and pulmonary infections who received treatment at The Second Hospital of Jinhua from June 2022 to February 2023 were included in this prospective study. These patients were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group, with 30 patients in each group. The control group received ACT treatment, while the observation group received EDP treatment on the basis of ACT treatment. Two groups were treated for 4 successive weeks. Efficacy was compared between the two groups. Before and after treatment, sputum color score, sputum quality score, diaphragmatic mobility, and diaphragmatic thickness were compared between the two groups.Results:The overall response rate in the observation group was 93.33% (28/30), which was significantly higher than 73.33% (22/30) in the control group ( Z = 2.08, P = 0.038). After treatment, the sputum color score, sputum quality score, and sputum volume in the observation group were (0.46 ± 0.12) points, (0.34 ± 0.10) points, and (8.47 ± 1.23) mL, respectively, which were significantly lower than (0.89 ± 0.17) points, (0.76 ± 0.18) points, and (13.25 ± 2.87) mL, respectively, in the control group ( t = 11.32, 11.17, 8.38, all P < 0.001). After treatment, the diaphragmatic mobility and thickness in the observation group were (13.52 ± 0.51) mm and (0.52 ± 0.06) mm, respectively, which were significantly greater than (12.76 ± 0.41) mm and (0.44 ± 0.04) mm, respectively, in the control group ( t = -6.36, -6.08, both P < 0.001). Conclusion:The combined application of EDP and ACT shows a significant therapeutic effect on patients with dementia and pulmonary infection, effectively improving their pulmonary function, increasing the mobility and thickness of the diaphragm, and alleviating difficulties in breathing.

A propósito del debate actual sobre el envejecimiento en Cuba

El envejecimiento poblacional constituye uno de los logros y uno de los retos más importantes del desarrollo de las sociedades. La principal causa del envejecimiento es el descenso de la fecundidad de las mujeres, y en menor proporción la emigración externa, sobre todo de jóvenes. En Cuba, ya mueren más que los que nacen, debido fundamentalmente a los bajos niveles de reemplazo en la fecundidad, situación agravada en los años de la pandemia de COVID-19. Entre las consecuencias negativas del envejecimiento poblacional, se identifican cuatro principales: sanitarias, económicas, socioculturales y legales; entre las positivas, hay algunos reportes de cohortes de personas que llegan a edades avanzadas en mejor estado físico y mental. Los cambios ocurridos en la institución familiar en muchas sociedades y la discriminación por edad de los mayores, tienen consecuencias graves para la salud, el bienestar y los derechos humanos de los ancianos. Se considera que existe mucha información sobre el "diagnóstico" y el "pronóstico" del envejecimiento poblacional, pero hay menos acerca de acciones eficaces para su "tratamiento", aspecto complejo y difícil de enfrentar. Se exponen algunas propuestas de mitigación de estos inevitables cambios demográficos. El propósito de esta comunicación es comentar determinados aspectos del envejecimiento de la población cubana.

Population aging constitutes one of the achievements and one of the most important challenges in the development of societies. The main cause of aging is the decrease in the fertility of women and to a lesser extent external emigration, especially of young people. In Cuba, more people die than are born, mainly due to low replacement levels in fertility, a situation aggravated in the years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the negative consequences of population aging, four main ones are identified: health, economic, sociocultural and legal; among the positive ones, there are some reports of cohorts of people who reach advanced ages in better physical and mental condition. The changes that have occurred in the family institution in many societies and the age discrimination of the elderly have serious consequences for the health, well-being and human rights of the elderly. It is considered that there is a lot of information about the "diagnosis" and "prognosis" of population aging, but there is less about effective actions for its "treatment", a complex and difficult aspect to face. Some proposals are presented to mitigate these inevitable demographic changes. The purpose of this communication is to comment on certain aspects of the aging of the Cuban population.

La salud y los cuidados: un análisis interseccional de género y vejeces a partir del trabajo realizado en CEPRAM (2022) / Health and care: an intersectional analysis of gender and old age from the work done at CEPRAM (2022)

INTRODUCCION: Nuestra región, y Argentina, se encuentra atravesando un momento de rápido envejecimiento demográfico. Se trata de un proceso contextualizado social e históricamente de representaciones, estereotipos y significados particulares. El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo describir y analizar las posibles articulaciones entre la perspectiva de salud integral, redes en salud y los cuidados a y entre personas adultas mayores a partir de la experiencia de trabajo en el CEPRAM (Centro de Promoción del Adulto Mayor) en el que las mujeres ocupan un rol central. MÉTODOS: Investigación cualitativa interaccionista con entrevistas sobre experiencias y significados. RESULTADOS: Refieren mejoras en su autoestima, flexibilidad, apertura y escucha como reconocimiento del otro/a. La cantidad y la calidad de cobertura en servicios de cuidados recae mayoritariamente sobre las familias y especialmente, sobre las mujeres y disidencias, perpetuando la desigualdad de género en la distribución de tareas, las condiciones en que se llega y transita la vejez. Ellas vieron este espacio como uno de cuidados, dando sustento a formas más integrales de entenderlos como eje de la salud. CONCLUSIONES: CEPRAM logró captar y solucionar necesidades ­socioafectivas­ de mujeres mayores, insatisfechas y no atendidas por el Estado. Promueve la autonomía relacional donde la participación y la construcción de redes basadas en los vínculos, fundamentales para su salud integral. Los entornos extrahospitalarios como oportunidad de acercamiento al sistema de salud, deben resolver necesidades de cuidado con perspectiva de envejecimiento saludable, fomentando la habilidad funcional, así como los atributos relacionados con el proceso diferenciado por género y salud que permiten a la persona ser y hacer (AU)

INTRODUCTION: Our region, and Argentina, is going through a period of rapid demographic aging. It is a socially and historically contextualized process of representations, stereotypes and particular meanings. The aim of this paper is to describe and analyze the possible articulations between the integral health perspective, health networks and care for and among older adults based on the experience of working in the CEPRAM (Center for the Promotion of Older Adults) in which women play a central role. METHODS: Qualitative interactionist research with interviews on experiences and meanings. RESULTS: They report improvements in their self-esteem, flexibility, openness and listening as recognition of the other. The quantity and quality of coverage in care services falls mostly on families and especially on women and dissidents, perpetuating gender inequality in the distribution of tasks, the conditions in which old age arrives and passes. Women saw this space as one of care, giving support to more comprehensive ways of understanding it as the axis of health. CONCLUSIONS: CEPRAM was able to capture and solve the social and emotional needs of older women, unsatisfied and unmet by the State. It promotes relational autonomy where participation and the construction of networks based on bonds are fundamental for their integral health. The out-of-hospital environments as an opportunity to approach the health system, should solve care needs with a healthy aging perspective, promoting functional ability, as well as the attributes related to the process differentiated by gender and health that allow the person to be and to do (AU)

Avaliação das Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos no Brasil: um panorama das desigualdades regionais / Evaluation of Long-Term Institutions for Older People in Brazil: an overview of regional inequalities

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar as Instituições de Longa Permanência para Idosos (ILPI) brasileiras, segundo o Modelo Teórico Multidimensional Integrado de Qualidade e Atendimento (MIQA), e comparar o desempenho alcançado entre as regiões do país. Estudo ecológico descritivo realizado com dados secundários públicos das ILPI participantes do Censo do Sistema Único da Assistência Social de 2018. Uma Matriz de Avaliação foi construída a partir das variáveis do Censo e do Modelo Teórico MIQA. Parâmetros de qualidade foram empregados para classificar o desempenho das instituições para cada indicador em "incipiente", "em desenvolvimento" ou "desejável. O índice de disparidade foi obtido para cada indicador. Foram analisadas 1.665 instituições. Observaram-se diferenças nos percentuais de ILPI com desempenho "desejável" entre as regiões brasileiras, e a necessidade de aprimoramento na maioria das ILPI em relação à proporção de cuidadores de pessoas idosas, a composição da equipe multiprofissional, a acessibilidade e a oferta de ações de promoção de saúde. Verificou-se a necessidade de apoio governamental para a supressão dos critérios de diferenciações excludentes e para a expansão dos serviços para superar as superlotações.

Abstract This article aims to evaluate the Brazilian Long-Term Institutions for Older People (LTIE), according to the Integrated Multidimensional Theoretical Model of Quality and Service (MIQA), and compare the performance achieved between the regions of the country. Descriptive ecological study carried out with public secondary data from the LTIE participating in the 2018 Census of the Unified Social Assistance System. An Evaluation Matrix was constructed from the Census variables and the MIQA Theoretical Model. Quality parameters were used to classify the institutions' performance for each indicator as "incipient", "developing" or "desirable". The disparity index was obtained for each indicator. 1,665 institutions were analyzed. Differences were observed in the percentages of LTIE with "desirable" performance between Brazilian regions, and the need for improvement in most LTIE in relation to the proportion of caregivers of older people, the composition of the multidisciplinary team, accessibility and supply of health promotion actions. There was a need for government support for the suppression of exclusionary differentiation criteria and for the expansion of services to overcome overcrowding.

Correlation of Body Mass Index and age with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) in elderly of Guwahati City, Assam

Introduction: Obesity is on rise globally and may have a impact on cognition. Very limited research was done on the association of weight with neurocognition among the elderly. The study purpose was to determine the correlation between BMI and age with MCI and after stratifying for BMI and socio-demographic characteristics.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 elderly (≥60 years) in Guwahati city using a multi-stage sampling technique. Hindi Mini-Mental State Examination (HMMSE) tool was used for screening for dementia and MCI. Results: HMMSE scores were not significantly correlated with BMI (r =0.07). However, when strati-fied, a significantly negative correlation of BMI with HMMSE scores was seen for illiterates (r =-0.21), primary school education (r =-0.48) and unskilled workers (r =-0.49). There was a significant negative correlation between age and cognition for elderly belonging to OBC, (r =-0.21), Lower middle (III), (r =-0.39), Upper Lower (r =-0.17), Lower (V), (r =-0.26), Graduate, Post Graduate,(r = -0.23), Middle School, (r =-0.36), Illiterate, (r =-0.34), Clerical, (r =-0.60), Semi Professional, (r =-0.62), skilled worker (r=-0.68), Unemployed, (r =-0.15) and Obese, (r =-0.30). Conclusion: Various factors like age, category, socioeconomic status, and Body Mass Index (BMI) were found to be predictors of cognition among the elderly.

Representação de professoras em Mário de Andrade: Loucura e velhice / Representation of female teachers in Mário de Andrade: Madness and old age

O presente artigo busca analisar as representações de professoras presentes no conto "Atrás da Catedral de Ruão" (1947) e no romance Amar, verbo intransitivo (1944), ambos de Mário de Andrade, com ênfase nas questões insertas sobre a noção de velhice e loucura. São textos escritos sob a égide do Modernismo e que tematizaram as respectivas práticas pedagógicas, mas ressaltam também as angústias de mulheres trabalhadoras e itinerantes, que são malvistas por exercerem funções de natureza pública em espaços privados. Se por um lado era emblemático o fato de ser mulher, por outro, eram ainda mais acentuados os destaques feitos pelo escritor, pois a idade estava à mostra e a loucura era vista como condição inata de um gênero supostamente inferior. A literatura no presente estudo significou importante artefato cultural, também serviu como peculiar fonte para interpretação pelos historiadores do presente, de modo que o método aqui utilizado foi aquele sintetizado na noção de operação historiográfica preconizada por Michel de Certeau (1975/2020).

This paper analyzes the representations of female teachers in the short story "Behind Ruão's Cathedral" (1947) and in the novel "To Love, intransitive verb" (1944), both by Mário de Andrade, with emphasis on the questions about the notion of old age and madness. These texts were written under the aegis of Modernism, and they thematize the respective pedagogical practices, but also highlight the anguish of working and itinerant women, who are disliked for performing public functions in private spaces. If on the one hand it was emblematic that she was a woman, on the other, the writer's highlights were even more pronounced, for age was on display and madness was seen as an innate condition of a supposedly inferior gender. Literature in the present study meant an important cultural artifact, and also served as a peculiar source for interpretation by historians of the present, so that the method used here was that synthesized in the notion of historiographical operation advocated by Michel de Certeau (1975/2020).

Repercussões físicas, emocionais e sociais produzidas pelo HIV/AIDS na vida dos idosos / Physical, emotional and social repercussions caused by HIV/AIDS in the lives of the elderly: thematic oral history perspectives

Introdução: os dados epidemiológicos mostram um aumento da população idosa vivendo com HIV/AIDS no Brasil. Esta doença impacta de diferentes formas a vida da pessoa constituindo um desafio para os serviços de saúde. Objetivo: verificar as alterações físicas, emocionais e sociais produzidas pelo HIV/AIDS na vida de idosos. Metodologia: estudo qualitativo com método história oral temática. Realizado no Serviço de Atendimento Especializado (SAE) em HIV/AIDS de uma cidade do Oeste Catarinense com a inclusão de três idosos, duas mulheres e um homem, com média de idade de 66 anos e diagnóstico do HIV/AIDS há mais de cinco anos. Foram realizados cinco encontros, dois de observação no domicílio e três para realização da entrevista em profundidade com validação de todas as etapas. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da análise de conteúdo temática. A pesquisa foi aprovada no comitê de ética. Resultados e discussão: os idosos apresentaram sintomas físicos decorrentes da imunossupressão sendo o principal deles o emagrecimento, que se constituiu como um sinal de alerta para o diagnóstico do HIV/AIDS. As repercussões emocionais foram o medo e a angústia, mais presentes no momento do diagnóstico e início dos tratamentos. As repercussões sociais estiveram atreladas ao isolamento social, saída de grupos e perda do papel no trabalho. Considerações finais: o HIV/AIDS repercute na vida dos idosos e produz diferentes alterações, quer sejam físicas, emocionais e/ou sociais. Nessa direção, incluir essas demandas no planejamento de ações para esse grupo populacional tornará a assistência à saúde mais resolutiva.(AU)

Introduction: epidemiological data show an increase in the elderly population living with HIV/AIDS in Brazil. This disease affects people's lives in different ways and constitutes a challenge for health services. Objective: To verify the physical, emotional, and social repercussions caused by HIV/AIDS in the lives of the elderly. Methodology: a qualitative study which used thematic oral history as a method. The research was carried out at the Specialized Care Service (SAE) on HIV/AIDS in a city in western Santa Catarina, which included three elderly diagnosed with HIV/AIDS for more than five years. Two meet-ings were held for approximation and three moments of in-depth interviews with validation in all stages. Data analysis had performed through thematic content analysis, according to Minayo (2014). Results and discussion: The elderly presented physical symptoms resulting from immunosuppression, the main one being weight loss, which constitutes a warning sign for the diagnosis of HIV/AIDS. The emotional repercussions were the fear and anguish most present at the time of diagnosis and the beginning of treatments. The social repercussions were linked to social isolation, leaving groups, and losing the social role of work, being partially reintroduced. Final considerations: HIV/AIDS affects the lives of the elderly, producing different changes, whether physical, emotional, and social, and health services and an interprofessional team need to ensure a broader view of this whole context to qualify assistance.(AU)

Terceira idade e potência de vida: internação e (re)existência numa instituição de longa permanência / The elder's and the potency of life: hospitalization and existence in a long-term institution

Este relato resulta do estágio de Psicologia requerido aos alunos do Curso de Psicologia Clínica de uma faculdade angolana, realizado dentro de um lar da terceira idade, com vista a contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade de vida dos idosos institucionalizados. Nele discutimos, a partir do relato de um estágio, a produção de estratégias de resistência dentro de uma instituição de longa permanência angolana. Nesta, a capacidade de resistir transforma-se num mecanismo de preservação acionado pelo próprio sujeito, que ao se enxergar diante de uma situação que o ameaça, reage como pode, resistindo e reexistindo, por meio de estratégias que permitem a afirmação da potência de vida da pessoa institucionalizada, preservando-a física, psicológica e fundamentalmente.(AU)

This article is the result of a Psychology internship required for students of the Clinical Psychology of an Angolan university, held in a nursing home, to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of institutionalized elderly. Based on the report of an internship, we discuss resistance strategies within a long-term Angolan institution, where the capacity to resist becomes a preservation mechanism, triggered by the subject, who is faced with a situation that threatens him. He reacts as he can by resisting and preexisting, through strategies that allow the affirmation of the institutionalized person's life power, preserving him physically and fundamentally psychologically.(AU)

Better alone? The impact of living arrangements on mortality of Costa Rican older adults / Melhor sozinho? O impacto de arranjos domiciliares na mortalidade de idosos costarriquenhos / ¿Mejor solo? El impacto de los arreglos de vivienda en la mortalidad de las personas adultas mayores costarricenses

Abstract Previous research has shown differentiated effects of living arrangement types on mortality. However, little is known about this phenomenon in Latin America and its multigenerational households. This study measures the relationship between older adults' living arrangement types and subsequent mortality. Gompertz event history models were performed to estimate mortality differences across living arrangements. We used the Costa Rica Longevity and Aging Study (CRELES) pre-1945 cohort in the 2005, 2007, and 2009 waves. The results show that older adults who live with a partner have the highest survival rates among the categories tested. When controlling for sex and age in the model, the effect of living alone is not different from partnered living. When controlling for socioeconomic and health factors as well, older adults living with their children or others show an increased risk of death by at least 40% (p-value<0.05). The study demonstrates an association between living arrangements and older adult mortality in Costa Rica. Results show that the highest survival chances rely on being partnered and suggest that support exchanges with other family members are not equally effective. Including this variable type in mortality studies is crucial to better understanding how household conditions relate to health and mortality outcomes.

Resumo Pesquisas anteriores mostraram efeitos diferenciados dos tipos de arranjos residenciais sobre a mortalidade. Entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre os fenômenos na América Latina e suas residências multigeracionais. Este estudo aborda a relação entre os tipos de arranjos residenciais de idosos e a mortalidade subsequente. A análise de sobrevivência foi realizada por meio do modelo Gompertz, estimando as diferenças de mortalidade entre os diferentes arranjos domiciliares. Foi utilizado o Estudo da Longevidade e Envelhecimento da Costa Rica (CRELES) pré-1945, de 2005, 2007 e 2009. Os resultados mostram que os idosos que vivem com companheiro apresentam as maiores taxas de sobrevivência entre as categorias testadas. Ao controlar por sexo e idade no modelo, o efeito de morar sozinho não é diferente de morar com companheiro. Se os fatores socioeconômicos e de saúde forem controlados, os idosos que vivem com seus filhos ou outras pessoas possuem um risco aumentado de morte em pelo menos 40% (p-valor <0,05). O estudo demonstra que existe uma associação entre os arranjos domiciliares e a mortalidade de idosos na Costa Rica. Os resultados mostram que as maiores chances de sobrevivência estão entre os idosos que possuem um parceiro, sugerindo que os cuidados providos por membros da família não são igualmente efetivos. A inclusão desse tipo de variável nos estudos de mortalidade é crucial para entender como as condições domiciliares se relacionam com os resultados de saúde e mortalidade.

Resumen La literatura anterior a este artículo ha mostrado efectos diferenciados de los tipos de arreglos de vivienda en la mortalidad. Sin embargo, poco se sabe sobre el fenómeno en Latinoamérica y sus viviendas multigeneracionales. Este estudio mide la relación entre los tipos de arreglos de vivienda de las personas adultas mayores y la subsecuente mortalidad. Modelos de historia de eventos Gompertz se hicieron para estimar las diferencias de mortalidad entre los arreglos de vivienda. Se utilizó el Estudio de Longevidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CRELES) en la cohorte pre-1945 y las rondas 2005, 2007 y 2009. Los resultados muestran que las personas adultas mayores que viven con una pareja tienen las mayores tasas de sobrevivencia entre las categorías comparadas. Al controlar por sexo y edad en el modelo, el efecto de vivir solo no es diferente del de estar emparejado. Si también se controlan los factores socioeconómicos y de salud, los las personas adultas mayores que viven con hijos o hijas o con otros muestran un riesgo de muerte al menos 40 % mayor (p-valor <0,05). El estudio demuestra que existe una relación entre los arreglos de vivienda y la mortalidad de las personas adultas mayores en Costa Rica. Los resultados muestran que las mayores probabilidades de supervivencia recaen en estar emparejado y sugieren que los intercambios de apoyo con otros miembros de la familia no son igualmente efectivos. La inclusión de este tipo de variables en los estudios de mortalidad es crucial para entender cómo se relacionan las condiciones de vivienda con los resultados de salud y mortalidad.