Reexperimentação patogenética homeopática de Agaricus Muscarius e comparação com a Matéria Médica / Homeopathic pathogenetic re-experimentation of Agaricus Muscarius and comparison with Materia Medica

A Homeopatia é um sistema terapêutico baseado no princípio da similitude. A experimentação sistemática de substâncias em pessoas sadias permite conhecer os sintomas que elas provocam (patogenesia). A reunião de diferentes patogenesias forma as Matérias Médicas, dentre as quais destaca-se como referência até hoje The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica, de Constantine Hering. Objetivo: Avaliar a concordância da experimentação atual de um medicamento homeopático (Agaricus muscarius) com os dados constantes em Matéria Médica de referência. Metodologia: Foi realizada uma experimentação patogenética breve no formato de um ensaio randomizado duplo- -cego, placebo-controlado com cross-over. Foi experimentado o medicamento Agaricus muscarius na dinamização 30 CH. A experimentação teve duração de 8 semanas. Os sintomas foram classificados, graduados e ordenados para análise estatística. Foram utilizados os testes de Kolgomorov- Smirnov para normalidade dos dados e t de Student e ANOVA para comparação entre grupos. A pesquisa foi aprovada pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com Seres Humanos da Fundação Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul. Resultados: Não foi encontrada diferença significativa entre os escores de correspondência de sintomas dos participantes com a Matéria Médica quando usaram medicamento e quando usaram placebo. Mais da metade dos sintomas teve um grau moderado a alto de correspondência com a Matéria Médica (59,4%) e um grau elevado de associação com o uso do medicamento (53,1%). Conclusão: A reexperimentação de Agaricus muscarius produziu sintomas em sua maioria correspondentes àqueles registrados em Matéria Médica de referência e com alto grau de associação ao uso do medicamento.

Homeopathy is a therapeutic system based on the similitude principle, Systematic substance experimentation in healthy subjects allows knowing the symptoms they cause (pathogenesis). The assemblage of various pathogeneses yields homeopathic therapeutic compendia called Materia Medica, among which The Guiding Symptoms of Our Materia Medica, by Constantine Hering, remains an important reference. Objective: Evaluate the concordance between the present experimentation of a homeopathic medicine (Agaricus muscarius) and the data from a referential Materia Medica. Methods: A brief pathogenetic experimentation was performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo- -controlled cross-over trial. The medicine Agaricus muscarius was experimented as 30 CH dynamization. The experimentation lasted for 8 weeks. Symptoms were classified, graded and ordered for statistical analysis. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for data normality and t-Student test and ANOVA for between-group comparison. The research was approved by the Human Beings Research Ethics Committee from the Foundation Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul. Results: No significant differences in symptom correspondence scores were noted when participants were administered remedy vs placebo. More than half of experimentation pathogenesis symptoms had a moderate to high correspondence degree to the Materia Medica (59,4%) and a high association degree to the use of remedy (53,1%). Conclusion: Reexperimentation of Agaricus muscarius has produced symptoms mostly correspondent

Recent advance in risk factors related to restless leg syndrome / 中华神经医学杂志

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a common sensorimotor disorder. Although it does not pose a threat to life, it seriously affects the quality of life of patients. RLS pathogenesis is still unclear, and its incidence is associated with a variety of risk factors, including genetic factors and non-genetic factors. Genetic factors involve more than 20 risk genes, such as meis homeobox 1 ( MEIS1), BTB domain containing 9 ( BTBD9), mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 5 ( MAP2K5), and protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Db ( PTPRD). Non-genetic factors include regional age, gender, obesity, medical related diseases, neuropsychiatric diseases and drugs. This paper reviews the recent advance in risk factors and related pathogenesis of RLS to provide references for early prevention and treatment of the disease.

Status of research on diagnostic and treatment strategies for enamel hypoplasia / 口腔疾病防治

@#Enamel hypoplasia is a disease that results in enamel formation and mineralization abnormalities due to the effects of hereditary or environmental variables during tooth development. Affected teeth may appear to have an aberrant color and structural flaws. Patients often display clinical signs such as tooth defects, tooth sensitivity, and tooth discoloration. The disease can cause patients to feel physically and mentally uncomfortable and negatively impact their ability to chew, swallow, speak, and smile. In this review, the pathophysiology of enamel hypoplasia, which is caused by anomalies in gene regulation and changes in environmental variables, is summarized, along with a list of clinical diagnostic indicators based on the most commonly used disease classifications. The main points are as follows: ① enamel hypoplasia changes only the color and transparency of the affected teeth; ② lesions often occur symmetrically in groups; ③ the age at which systemic diseases or nutritional disorders occur during tooth development can be predicted based on the patient's impaired teeth; and ④ banded or pitted brown depression on the enamel surface can easily be confused with dental fluorosis. It also elaborates on the comprehensive application of tooth bleaching, desensitization, direct or indirect restoration and other treatment modalities according to unique chief complaints by different patients and suggests the use of multidisciplinary cooperative sequential treatment for critical infants and young children. The goal of this review is to provide professionals with the most recent information and advice about enamel hypoplasis. Current literature on this condition is primarily case reports. To further standardize the diagnostic and management approaches for this disease, additional high-quality clinical research and systematic reviews are required.

Circular RNAs Involved in The Development of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma / 生物化学与生物物理进展

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a kind of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) with covalent closed-loop structure. They have attracted more and more attention because of their high stability, evolutionary conservatism, and tissue expression specificity. It has shown that circRNAs are involved in the development of a variety of diseases including malignant tumors recently. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant tumor that occurs in the nasopharynx and has a unique ethnic and geographical distribution in South China and Southeast Asia. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is closely related to the development of NPC. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are the mainstays of treatment for NPC. But tumor recurrence or distant metastasis is the leading cause of death in patients with NPC. Several studies have shown that circRNAs, as gene expression regulators, play an important role in NPC and affect the progression of NPC. This review mainly summarized the research status of abnormally expressed circRNAs in NPC and EBV-encoded circRNAs. We also discussed the possibility of circRNAs as a therapeutic target, diagnostic and prognostic marker for NPC.

Characteristics and epidemic trend of pneumoconiosis in Jingmen City in 2011 - 2022 / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pneumoconiosis in Jingmen City from 2011 to 2022, and to provide theoretical basis for formulating the occupational disease prevention plan of the “14th Five-Year Plan” in Jingmen City. Methods The data of pneumoconiosis cases in Jingmen City from 2011 to 2022 were collected from the Occupational Disease and Health Hazard Factors Monitoring Information System, and the information of disease classification, enterprise economic type, scale distribution, regional distribution, job distribution, dust exposure years and so on was statistically analyzed. Results A total of 260 cases of pneumoconiosis were reported in Jingmen City from 2011 to 2022, with an average of 13.81 years of exposure to dust, including 164 cases of coal workers' pneumoconiosis, 90 cases of silicosis and 6 cases of other pneumoconiosis. The cases were mainly distributed in Dongbao District with 160 cases (61.54%), Zhongxiang City with 72 cases (27.69%), and Duodao District with 18 cases (6.92%). The difference was statistically significant（χ2=217.846，P2=46.025，P<0.05). Conclusion Coal workers' pneumoconiosis and silicosis are the main types of occupational pneumoconiosis in Jingmen area, which will become the key prevention and control targets in Jingmen City for a long time and should be paid attention to. The cases are mainly concentrated in joint-stock, private economic type enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises, which should be monitored intensively.

Advances in Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension （PAH） is a chronic progressive cardiopulmonary disease. The main pathological changes are vasoconstriction and pulmonary artery proliferative remodeling and right ventricular hypertrophy. Further exploration of the pathogenesis of PAH can reveal that its related pathways include vascular proliferation， vascular wall remodeling， oxidative stress， inflammatory response and gene regulation. Although great progress has been made in the treatment of PAH in recent years， the mortality rate is still high， current clinical treatments have not effectively improved the prognosis， and the disease has great impact on the physical， social， work and emotional aspects of patients. This article will review the latest research on the treatment of PAH， aiming to provide new clues for the clinical treatment of PAH.

Research progress of posttraumatic stress disorder / 重庆医学

Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)is a delayed and persistent mental disorder caused by severe psychological trauma,and the prevalence of PTSD is gradually increasing.This article summarizes the epidemiology,causes and pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment,future and prospect of PTSD,in order to provide reference for the prevention,diagnosis and treatment of PTSD.

Advance in the influence of gut microbiota on the pathogenesis and treatment of childhood obesity / 国际儿科学杂志

In recent years，the prevalence of childhood obesity has increased rapidly，and obesity can seriously affect physical and mental health of children and adolescents，and is likely to extend into adulthood. The onset and development of childhood obesity is related to multiple factors such as genetic predisposition and environment. So far，more and more studies have found that the gut microbiota，as an important part of the internal environment，is closely related to childhood obesity. Perturbed gut microbiota and its derived metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids，bile acids，indole and their derivatives are widely involved in the onset and development of childhood obesity. At present，regulating the compositions and function of gut microbiota through probiotics and prebiotics，fecal microbiota transplantation，dietary intervention，and bariatric surgery is a new direction for the prevention and treatment of obesity. This paper reviews the research progress on the association between gut microbiota and childhood obesity，in order to provide novel insights for prevention and intervention of childhood obesity based on gut microbiota.

Progress on the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis type 1 / 国际儿科学杂志

Neurofibromatosis type 1（NF1）is one of the most common autosomal dominant disorders. The disease is caused by mutations in the NF1 gene，which can involve multiple systems and have a variety of clinical manifestations，including café au lait macules，lisch nodules，neuroglioma，autism spectrum disorder，learning difficulties，neurofibromas，and skeletal dysplasia，et al.In previous studies on the pathogenesis of NF1，most of them have focused on the regulation of the RAS signaling pathway by neurofibromin. In recent years，researchers start exploring pathways other than RAS signaling to explore the potential functions of neurofibromin. This article reviews the research progress on the pathogenesis of NF1 in recent years，aiming to provide new ideas for treatment.

Advances in biomarkers for diagnosing congenital heart disease / 国际儿科学杂志

Congenital heart disease（CHD）is a common congenital anomaly that is the leading cause of death among children under the age of five years with birth defects in both developed and developing countries. With the increasing prevalence of CHD，the importance of early diagnosis and intervention of CHD is well accepted. Prenatal ultrasonography is routinely applied for the screening of CHD but many factors influence its diagnostic accuracy. Biomarker testing is a simple and rapid method that can be used as an adjunct to prenatal screening for CHD. This review aims to provide new ideas for the early diagnosis of children with CHD by exploring the pathogenesis of biomarkers in CHD. In recent years，many studies have been devoted to the exploration of biomarkers related to CHD，and the studies on biomarkers in CHD are summarized from three aspects：epigenetics，proteomics and environmental factors.

Advances in the pathogenesis of postural tachycardia syndrome in children / 国际儿科学杂志

Hypovolemic and hemodynamic disorders，autonomic nervous dysfunction and hyperadrenergic state are recognized pathogenesis of postural tachycardia syndrome（POTS）. According to this，POTS can be divided into three types：hypovolemic POTS，neurogenic POTS and hyperadrenergic POTS. Autoimmune abnormalities，changes in hormone levels，and gene mutations may also cause POTS. In addition，some patients have joint overactivity syndrome，functional gastrointestinal disorders，Ehlers Danlos syndrome，mast cell activation disorders and other diseases.Therefore，POTS is a complex clinical syndrome that may involve multiple mechanisms.This article aims to offer clinicians an improved understanding of the pathogenesis of pediatric POTS through a comprehensive review of this disease.

Progress on the mechanism of alveolar macrophages in children with respiratory tract virus infection / 国际儿科学杂志

Virus is one of the common causes of respiratory tract infection in children.Viral infection involves the action of multiple immune cells and inflammatory mediators，understanding the immune mechanism of virus-host interaction during respiratory infection may be helpful for etiological diagnosis of viral infections.As the main immune cells of the lungs，alveolar macrophages on the mucosal surface of the respiratory tract play an important role in maintaining pulmonary immune homeostasis（immune monitoring，initiation and regulation of inflammatory response，killing pathogens）due to their unique position.This article will briefly review the immune regulation mechanism of alveolar macrophages in the occurrence and development of respiratory tract viral infection in children，in order to provide reference for the prevention and treatment of viral infection.

Cold and Heat in Acute Coronary Syndrome： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Cold and heat belong to the eight-principal syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine， which can reflect the rise and fall of Yin and Yang in the body and the Yin and Yang nature of the disease. At present， traditional Chinese medicine has an inconsistent understanding of cold and heat in acute coronary syndrome. The emphasis on pathogenic factors of cold and heat is biased， and the elements of cold and heat syndrome are not fully reflected in the scale. Therefore， the literature has been reviewed from the perspectives of etiology， pathogenesis， symptom elements， and test signs with drugs. From the perspective of etiology， both cold evil and heat evil can increase the risk of acute coronary syndrome. It was previously believed that acute coronary syndrome occurs frequently in cold climates such as winter and spring. Based on this understanding， hot weather can also induce acute coronary syndrome， and different temperatures have different effects on patients of different ages and with different underlying diseases. In addition， artificial pathogenic factors such as excessive consumption of cold food and refrigeration air conditioners were added. From the perspective of pathogenesis， on the basis of the traditional ''asthenia in origin and asthenia in superficiality'' and ''phlegm stagnation''， it is found that Yin-cold and fire-heat can both cause paralysis of the heart chakra and pain induced by the blockage. The pathogenesis of acute coronary syndrome characterized by heat stagnation and coldness featuring heartburn should be distinguished from gastroesophageal reflux disease. Moreover， the pathogenesis of Yin cold coagulation and pulse stagnation and wind obstruction are different. The acute coronary syndrome is in line with the wind characteristics of frequent changes and can be treated with wind medicine. From the perspective of syndrome elements， the syndrome elements such as cold condensation， heat accumulation， and toxicity are analyzed， and the use of basic syndrome elements and their combination forms facilitates clinical and scientific research. In addition， according to the test sign with the drug， it can be seen that the attributes of cold and heat of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for acute coronary syndrome can be explained according to the temperature-sensitive transient receptor potential （TRP） ion channel， thus proving the pathogenesis of cold and heat of acute coronary syndrome.

Research progress on the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Primary angle-closure glaucoma(PACG)is a common cause of blindness, and angle closure is a fundamental pathologic process in PACG. With the development of ophthalmic equipment, the pathogenesis of PACG has been better understood. In addition to the traditional mechanisms of pupillary block and plateau iris, it has been found that its pathogenesis is not only related to abnormal ocular anatomy, but also more closely related to ocular dynamics, genetic factors, and psychophysiologic stressors. This article summarizes the pathogenesis and risk factors of PACG in conjunction with literature reports, with a view to providing guidance for clinical work and useful theoretical support for early diagnosis and treatment options for glaucoma.

Progress in the effect of blood indicators on retinopathy of prematurity / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Retinopathy of prematurity(ROP), an abnormal vascular proliferative retinopathy of prematurity, is a serious condition that can lead to retinal detachment or blindness. With the development of neonatal medicine, the survival rate of low birth weight and low gestational age infants has been increasing, as well as the incidence of ROP. Therefore, studying ROP's pathogenesis and influencing factors is of great clinical importance. Numerous studies have been conducted on the risk factors for ROP, including gestational age, oxygen intake, mode of delivery, neonatal bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and the use of surfactants. At present, it is widely accepted both at home and abroad that preterm birth, low birth weight, and high oxygen concentration after birth are independent risk factors for ROP. In recent years, more and more scholars have found that abnormalities in blood indicators in preterm infants may be associated with the development of ROP. This article reviews the effects of platelets, haemoglobin, blood glucose, inflammatory cells, and lipids on ROP, providing a reference for identifying and preventing risk factors for ROP.

Initiation and maintenance of acquired immunity in dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Dry eye(DE)is a multifactorial ocular surface disorder arising from numerous pathologies. The pathogenesis of DE includes immune inflammation, oxidative stress, changes in tear film composition, corneal nerve abnormalities, and meibomian gland dysfunction. Among them, the immune inflammatory response is the most crucial in the pathogenesis of DE, which is regulated by both innate and acquired immune responses on the ocular surface. Multiple environmental stresses trigger the ocular surface innate immune response leading to corneal epithelial cell damage and inflammation and activate acquired immunity to participate in the ocular surface immune inflammatory response. Currently, multiple immune cells and inflammatory factors have been shown to be involved in the occurrence and development of DE. This article reviewed the immune progress and focused on the initiation and maintenance of acquired immunity in DE. Through the analysis of the latest viewpoints and research hot spots, we systematically introduced the immunomodulating mechanism underlying the mechanisms of the pathogenesis of DE and provided references for the prevention and treatment of DE.

Progress in surgical treatment of congenital entropion / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

Congenital entropion, an abnormal condition in which the eyelids roll inward, with the eyelashes losing their normal angulation and tilting toward the eye, especially in the lower eyelids and inner canthus, often occurs in infants and young children. Congenital entropion may lead to corneal epithelial abrasion, inflammation and ulcer, which may affect the function of the eye if not treated in time. Early surgical intervention is helpful to the health of children's eyes. The purpose of surgery is to change the structure of eyelid and weaken the force of entropion, thus improving the symptoms and corneal astigmatism. At present, there are many surgical treatments for congenital entropion. In this paper, the advantages, disadvantages and indications of these treatments are analyzed and summarized, providing a reference for clinical practice.

Research progress of targeted pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in treatment of pulmonary hypertension / 中国药理学通报

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a progressive and fatal disease. The dysfunction of pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) is one of its important pathogenic factors. PAECs are monolayer flat epithelial cells, which play an important role in maintaining pulmonary vascular homeostasis. Studies have found that PAECs show damage and apoptosis at the early stage of PH development, while PAECs show anti-apoptotic characteristics at the late stage of PH development. The transition of PAECs into mesenchymal cells induced by hypoxic and inflammatory factors is also involved in the pathogenesis of PH. Carcinoid metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, bone mor- phogenic type 2 receptor mutation, epigenetic changes and inflammation of PAECs are the main pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular endothelial dysfunction in PH patients. New therapeutic measures targeting PAECs dysfunction are expected to play an important role in the treatment of PH in the future.

Advances in relationship between pyroptosis and pulmonary arterial hypertension and therapeutic drugs / 中国药理学通报

Pyroptosis is the programmed death of cells accompanied by an inflammatory response and is widely involved in the development of a variety of diseases, such as infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. It has been shown that cellular scorching is involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension ( PAH) in cardiovascular diseases. Patients with PAH have perivascular inflammatory infiltrates in lungs, pulmonary vasculopathy exists in an extremely inflam-matory microenvironment, and pro-inflammatory factors in cellular scorching drive pulmonary vascular remodelling in PAH patients. This article reviews the role of cellular scorch in the pathogenesis of PAH and the related research on drugs for the treatment of PAH, with the aim of providing new ideas for clinical treatment of PAH.

Progress in clinical application of external treatment of TCM in uremic pruritus / 国际中医中药杂志

Uremic pruritus (UP) is a common complication in patients with end-stage renal disease, which seriously reduces the quality of life of patients. Compared with the internal treatment of TCM, the external treatment of TCM for UP is simpler and more effective, and can avoid the first pass effect caused by oral drugs and may cause liver and kidney damage. The treatment methods mainly include external washing of TCM, medicated bath, fumigation, wet compress, enema, scraping, acupuncture, auricular point sticking, acupoint application, acupoint iontophoresis, autologous blood acupoint injection and so on. At present, most studies are based on the conventional treatment of Western medicine, and the addition of external treatment of TCM can improve the efficacy, and has certain advantages in improving itching symptoms, inflammatory indicators, sleep quality, anxiety and depression. Some studies have selected parathyroid hormone, blood phosphorus, CRP, IL-6, histamine, SCr, BUN, β2-microglobulin and other indicators to evaluate the efficacy. The results suggest that external treatment of TCM can improve the micro-inflammatory state of patients and protect renal function, but further mechanism research is needed. The existing research has the following problems: the clinical efficacy evaluation scale is not uniform, and it is difficult to compare and summarize horizontally; the relief of pruritus symptoms is based on the scale evaluation, which is subjective; the course of treatment is short, and the long-term efficacy and safety can not be evaluated; some studies do not specify the patients' syndrome type, which is difficult to reflect the advantages of TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, and needed to be improved in the future.