Clinico-pathological profile of breast cancer patients in a radiation therapy centre

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinico-pathological characteristics of patients with breast cancer at the Radiation Center of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), a tertiary?care cancer center in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from March 2021 to February 2022 where patients receiving radiotherapy for breast cancer were included. Data were collected from face-to-face interviews with patients and from their investigation reports. Data regarding age, presenting symptoms, histological type, tumor size, involvement of regional nodes, hormonal receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) amplification were recorded and then analyzed. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.53 years. Most of the patients (93%) were multiparous and 62.24% were postmenopausal. The most common symptom was breast lump (91.6%). Infiltrating ductal carcinoma and lobular carcinoma were seen in 136 (95.1%) and 7 (4.9%) cases respectively. The TNM stage distribution was stage I, 6 (4.2%); stage II, 52 (36.36%); stage III, 76 (53.15%); and stage IV, 9 (6.29%). Locally advanced breast cancer constituted 42.66% of the cases. Among the patients 90 (62.94%) patients were ER/PR positive and 42 (29.37%) patients were HER2 positive. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) constituted 25.17% (36) of the study population. All receptors were positive in 25 patients (17.48%). Conclusions: Majority of our patients receiving breast radiotherapy at our center are middle aged and have advanced disease. TNBC and HER2 positive breast cancer are more common in our population.

Alumbramiento patológico por presencia de T de cobre en membranas ovulares. Informe de caso / Pathological delivery due to the presence of copper T in ovular membranes. Case Report

Los dispositivos intrauterinos de cobre son utilizados como métodos anticoncepcionales y es uno de los métodos más utilizados por su seguridad, reversibilidad y eficacia en la prevención de embarazos, que es superior al 97 %. Se presenta un caso de falla en la anticoncepción con dispositivos intrauterinos de cobre después de 5 años de uso en gestante de 26 años, que acudió al área de emergencias cursando con embarazo de 38 semanas y 4 días en periodo expulsivo; se obtuvo recién nacido a término sano. El periodo de alumbramiento patológico (prolongado) por presencia de dispositivo intrauterino de cobre en membranas ovulares(AU)

Copper intrauterine devices are used as contraceptive methods and are one of the most used methods due to their safety, reversibility and effectiveness in preventing pregnancy, which is greater than 97%. A case of failure in contraception with a copper intrauterine devices is presented after 5 years of use in a 26-year-old pregnant woman, who went to the emergency room with a pregnancy of 38 weeks and 4 days in the expulsive period; a healthy term newborn was obtained.The pathological (prolonged) delivery period due to the presence of copper intrauterine devices in ovular membranes(AU)

Psychometric Properties of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 faceted Brief Form in a Brazilian Community Sample / Propiedades Psicométricas del Inventario de Personalidad Para la Forma Breve Facetada del DSM-5 en una Muestra Comunitaria Brasileña

abstract Objective: The aim of the present study was to verify the psychometric qualities of the PID-5-FBF in a community sample of Brazilian adults. The internal consistency of the facets and the internal structure of the dimensions were checked. In addition, we verified the correlations between the PID-5-FBF facets and domains with a five-factor model measure. Methods: The sample of this study consists of the 774 Brazilian adults aged 18 to 73 years (mean 28.9 ± 11.58) who answered the PID-5-FBF and BFI-2S. Results: The alpha values were adequate. The internal structure was similar to the PID-5 original form. All the factors and dimensions of the PID-5-FBF have a negative association with agreeableness, while, on the other hand, all correlations with neuroticism were positive. Neuroticism was the factor with the highest correlation with the PID-5-FBF, and openness was the one with the lowest number of correlations. Conclusions: This research contributes to adding evidence of validity to the PID-5-FBF in the Brazilian community sample. Our results are important because it is the first study with the PID-FBF in a Brazilian sample.

resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es verificar las cualidades psicométricas del PID-5- FBF en una muestra comunitaria de adultos brasileños. Se comprobó la consistencia interna de las facetas y la estructura interna de las dimensiones. Además, se verificaron las correlaciones entre las facetas y los dominios de PID-5-FBF con una medida del modelo de 5 factores. Métodos: Formaron la muestra de este estudio los 774 adultos brasileños de 18 a 73 (media, 28,9±11,58) an˜ os que respondieron al PID-5-FBF y BFI-2S. Resultados: Los valores alfa fueron adecuados. La estructura interna era similar a la forma original del PID-5. Todos los factores y dimensiones del PID-5-FBF tienen una asociación negativa con la agradabilidad y, por otro lado, todas las correlaciones con el neuroticismo fueron positivas. El neuroticismo fue el factor con mayor correlación con el PID-5-FBF y la apertura, el de menor número de correlaciones. Conclusiones: La presente investigación contribuye a agregar evidencia de validez al PID-5- FBF en la muestra de la comunidad brasileña. Nuestros resultados son importantes porque es el primer estudio con PID-FBF en una muestra brasileña.

Research progress of artificial intelligence in pathological subtypes classification and gene expression analysis of lung adenocarcinoma / 中国胸心血管外科临床杂志

@#Lung adenocarcinoma is a prevalent histological subtype of non-small cell lung cancer with different morphologic and molecular features that are critical for prognosis and treatment planning. In recent years, with the development of artificial intelligence technology, its application in the study of pathological subtypes and gene expression of lung adenocarcinoma has gained widespread attention. This paper reviews the research progress of machine learning and deep learning in pathological subtypes classification and gene expression analysis of lung adenocarcinoma, and some problems and challenges at the present stage are summarized and the future directions of artificial intelligence in lung adenocarcinoma research are foreseen.

Construction and Verification of A Nomogram Model for Predicting Invasive Risk of Ground Glass Nodules / 肿瘤防治研究

Objective To investigate the importance of a nomogram model based on biomarkers and CT signs in the prediction of the invasive risk of ground glass nodules. Methods A total of 322 patients with ground glass nodule, including 240 and 82 patients in the model and verification groups, respectively, were retrospectively analyzed. Independent risk factors for the invasive risk of ground glass nodules were screened out after using single and multiple Logistic analysis. R software was used to construct the nomogram model, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA), receiver operating curve (ROC), and calibration curve were used for internal and external verification of the model. Results In this study, the independent risk factors for the invasive risk of ground glass nodules included systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), CYFRA21-1, edge, vascular cluster sign, and nodular consolidation tumor ratio (CTR). The area under the ROC curve of the constructed nomogram model had a value of 0.946, and that of the external validation group reached 0.932, which suggests the good capability of the model in predicting the invasive risk of ground glass nodules. The model was internally verified through drawing of calibration curves of Bootstrap 1000 automatic sampling. The results showed that the consistency index between the model and actual curves reached 0.955, with a small absolute error and good fit. The DCA curve revealed a good clinical practicability. In addition, nodule margin, vascular cluster sign, and CTR were correlated with the grade of pathological subtype of invasive adenocarcinoma. Conclusion A nomogram model based on biomarkers and CT signs has good value and clinical practicability in the prediction of the invasive risk of ground glass nodules.

The "four-dimensional theory" of metal element stress response / 重庆医学

Metal elements are the most common and widely distributed chemical elements in nature,which are closely related to human health,and their excess or lack will have a profound impact on the physio-logical and pathological processes of the body.This paper defines the concept of"metal element stress re-sponse",that is,the stress response that can occur in various cells,tissues and organs throughout the body when the content of metal elements in the body exceeds or falls below a certain level.According to the degree of stress,it can be divided into four dimensions:physiological stress,burden stress,pathological stress and disease stress.This paper comprehensively describes the degree,mode and biological effect of the interaction between metal elements and organism,and"four-dimensional theory"of metal element stress response is pro-posed,aiming to provide new ideas and new methods for seeking the potential intervention strategies of metal element stress response in the future

Effect of siRNA-mediated α-TAT1 gene silencing on migration behavior of endothelial cells in rats with hepatopulmonary syndrome / 陆军军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the effect of silencing alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1(α-TAT1)on migration behavior of endothelial cells induced by hepatopulmonary syndrome(HPS).Methods Online database Tabula Muris was used to analyze the expression of α-TAT1 in various cell subsets in the lungs.Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into control group(Sham group,n=6)and common bile duct ligation group(HPS group,n=18).The rats in HPS group were euthanasized at 2 and 4 weeks after modelling,and then the expression of α-TAT1 in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells was detected by immunofluorescence colocalization.The sera from the Sham and HPS rats were used to stimulate human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)for 12 and 24 h,respectively.Then the obtained HUVECs were divided into 4 groups:Sham serum+siRNA NC group,Sham serum+siRNA α-TAT1 group,HPS serum+siRNA NC group,HPS serum+siRNA α-TAT1 group.The expression levels of α-TAT1 and Ace-α-tubulin in HUVECs were detected by Western blotting.Immunofluorescence assay was applied to observe the levels of polymerized microtubules of α-Tubulin in HUVECs after nocodazole(10 μmol/L)pretreatment to evaluate the stability of microtubule structure.Cell scratch assay combined with cell immunofluorescence assay was employed to observe the nuclear localization of Golgi apparatus and cell migration ability of HUVECs.The angiogenesis ability of HUVECs was tested by in vitro angiogenesis test.Results In vivo and in vitro experiments showed that the expression of α-TAT1 in endothelial cells was significantly increased after HPS inducement.The expression levels of α-TAT1 and Ace-α-tubulin were significantly down-regulated,and the stability of microtubules was weakened in the siRNA α-TAT1 interference group(P＜0.01).In addition,the distribution of GM 130 labeled Golgi apparatus in the protrusion of HUVECs was down-regulated in the siRNAα-TAT1 interference group,as well as the migration ability(P＜0.01).And the length of angiogenesis and network level were also significantly declined(P＜0.01).Conclusion Silencing α-TAT1 reduces the migrαtion and angiogenesis of endothelial cells in HPS,which was associated with weakened stabilization of microtubule.

Establishment and comparison of 2 mouse models of kainic acid induced epilepsy / 陆军军医大学学报

Objective To investigate and analyze the behavioral and pathological differences in early-stage mouse models of epilepsy established by 2 different administration routes for kainic acid(KA),intracerebroventricular(ICV)injection and intraperitoneal(IP)injection.Methods A total of 100 male C57BL/6N wild-type(WT)mice(20～22 g)were randomly divided into ICV+normal saline(NS)control group(n=10),ICV+KA model group(n=40),IP+NS control group(n=10)and IP+KA model group(n=40).The ICV+KA model group was given 600 nL of KA(0.5 mg/mL)via ICV injection,and the IP+KA model group was injected with different dose of KA(25 mg/kg).Two control groups were administered equal volumes of NS via corresponding routes.After 3 d of modeling,the evaluation of behavioristics,molecular biology(including Western blotting),and neuropathological assessments(including FJB staining,TUNEL staining and immunofluorescence staining)were performed.Results No epileptic seizures were observed in both 2 control groups,while exhibited seizures were observed in both model groups.The mortality rates of the IP+KA group and the ICV+KA group were 47.50%and 65.00%respectively,while the success rates of modeling were 80.00%and 60.00%respectively.Compared with the IP+KA group,the ICV+KA group showed a significant increase in success rate and a significant reduction in mortality rate.FJB and TUNEL staining results showed that,compared with the IP+KA group,the severity of neurodegeneration and apoptotic changes in the hippocampus of the ICV+KA group were more significant(P＜0.05).Compared with the IP+KA group,there was also a significant difference in the expression of apoptotic proteins in the hippocampus of the ICV+KA group(P＜0.05).Immunofluorescence results showed that the astrocytes and microglia in the hippocampus and cortex of the ICV+KA and IP+KA groups were significantly activated compared with the control groups(P＜0.05),but the activation of glial cells in the hippocampus and cortex of the ICV+KA group was stronger than that of the IP+KA model group(P＜0.05)and the activation levels in the ICV+KA group were higher than in the IP+KA model group(P＜0.01).Moreover,expression levels of GFAP and Iba-1 proteins in the hippocampus and cortex were higher in the ICV+KA group than the IP+KA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion Two routes of KA administration are effective in construct epilepsy models.The mice with ICV administration route show a higher success rate and lower mortality rate,and more significant neuropathological damage and glial cell activation.

Pathological Characteristics and Classification of Unstable Coronary Atheroscle-rotic Plaques / 法医学杂志

Important forensic diagnostic indicators of sudden death in coronary atherosclerotic heart dis-ease,such as acute or chronic myocardial ischemic changes,sometimes make it difficult to locate the ischemic site due to the short death process,the lack of tissue reaction time.In some cases,the de-ceased died of sudden death on the first-episode,resulting in difficulty for medical examiners to make an accurate diagnosis.However,clinical studies on coronary instability plaque revealed the key role of coronary spasm and thrombosis caused by their lesions in sudden coronary death process.This paper mainly summarizes the pathological characteristics of unstable coronary plaque based on clinical medi-cal research,including plaque rupture,plaque erosion and calcified nodules,as well as the influencing factors leading to plaque instability,and briefly describes the research progress and technique of the atherosclerotic plaques,in order to improve the study on the mechanism of sudden coronary death and improve the accuracy of the forensic diagnosis of sudden coronary death by diagnosing different patho-logic states of coronary atherosclerotic plaques.

The expression of CRIP1 and STUB1 in cancer tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical prognostic significance / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of cysteine-rich intestinal protein 1(CRIP1),STIP1 ho-mology and U-box protein 1(STUB1)in cancer tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and their clinical prognostic significance.Methods From February 2018 to February 2020,112 patients with hepatocel-lular carcinoma were selected as the study objects.The expression of CRIP1 and STUB1 in cancer tissues and adjacent tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was detected by immunohistochemistry.To analyze the relationship between the expression of CRIP1 and STUB1 and their clinicopathological features in hepato-cellular carcinoma patients.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis of the effects of CRIP1 and STUB1 expression on the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.COX regression analysis was performed to analyze the prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma.Results The positive rate of CRIP1 in cancer tissues of pa-tients with hepatocellular carcinoma was 62.50％(70/112),which was significantly higher than that in adja-cent tissues[7.14％(8/112)],the difference was statistically significant(x2=76.652,P＜0.05).The positive rate of STUB1 in cancer tissues of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma was 26.23％(32/112),significantly lower than that in adjacent tissues[82.14％(92/112)],and the difference was statistically significant(x2=73.284,P＜0.05).The expression of CRIP1 was negatively correlated with STUB1 in cancer tissues(r=-0.678,P＜0.001).There were significant differences in the positive rates of CRIP1 and STUB1 in hepato-cellular carcinoma patients with different TNM stages,histological grades and maximum tumor diameter(P＜0.05).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of CRIP1 positive group was significantly lower than that of CRIP1 negative group,with statistical significance(Log-rank x2=29.601,P＜0.001).The 3-year cumulative survival rate of STUB1 negative group was significantly lower than that of STUB1 positive group,with statistical sig-nificance(Log-rank x2=13.590,P＜0.001).TNM stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ,histological grade Ⅲ,maximum tumor diam-eter＞5 cm,CRIP1 positive and STUB1 negative were independent risk factors for prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients.Conclusion CRIP1 expression is up-regulated and STUB1 expression is down-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.The prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma can be evaluated clinically based on the expression of CRIP1 and STUB1 in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues.

The relationship between the expression of lncRNA HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1,and CRNDE in endometrial cancer tissue and the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of long non-coding RNA HOXA-AS2(lncRNA HOXA-AS2),long non-coding RNA FOXD2-AS1(lncRNA FOXD2-AS1),and long non-coding RNA CRNDE(lncRNA CRNDE)in endometrial carcinoma and the clinical pathological character-istics and prognosis of patients.Methods Collect samples of endometrial carcinoma cancer tissues and adja-cent tissues excised during surgery from 119 endometrial carcinoma patients admitted to a hospital from Octo-ber 2017 to February 2020.The relative expression levels of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE in tissues were retrospectively analyzed,as well as their relationship with clinicopathological features and 3-year survival rate of patients.Results The relative expression levels of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE in cancer tissues of endometrial carcinoma patients were higher than those in adjacent tissues,with statistical signifi-cance(P＜0.05).The relative expression levels of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE in cancer tissues of endometrial carcinoma patients were positively correlated(rHOXA-As2 vs.FOXD2-AS1=0.384,P=0.001;rHoXA-AS2 vs.CRNDE=0.576,P＜0.001;rFoXD2-AS1 vs.CRNDE=0.326,P=0.003).In the HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1 and CRNDE high expression group,the proportion of patients with international federation of gynecology and ob-stetrics(FIGO)stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ,lymph node metastasis,deep infiltration and low differentiation was higher than that in the low expression group,with statistical significance(P＜0.05).The 3-year survival rate of low HOXA-AS2 expression group in endometrial cancer patients(52/60,86.67％)was higher than that of high HOXA-AS2 expression group(40/59,67.79％),the difference was statistically significant(x2=6.039,P＜0.05).The 3-year survival rate of patients with endometrial cancer with low FOXD2-AS1 expression group(53/59,89.83％)was higher than that of patients with endometrial cancer with high FOXD2-AS1 expression group(39/60,65.00％),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=10.456,P＜0.05).The 3-year sur-vival rate of low CRNDE expression group in endometrial cancer patients(51/60,85.00％)was higher than that of high CRNDE expression group(41/59,69.49％),and the difference was statistically significant(x2=4.079,P＜0.05).HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1,and CRNDE were risk factors for death in endometrial carcinoma patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of HOXA-AS2,FOXD2-AS1,and CRNDE in endometrial carcinoma cancer tissue is closely related to the clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.

Research progress on the roles of angiopoietin-like protein 8 in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases / 基础医学与临床

Angiopoietin-like protein 8(ANGPTL8)secreted by liver and adipose tissue,is a glycoprotein exerting paramount effects on facilitation of vascular remodeling and regulation of inflammatory response;ANGPTL8 is in-volved in the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases including coronary artery disease,hypertension,aortic aneurysm and pathological cardiac hypertrophy,and holds promise for being a new target for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases.

Analysis of clinical and pathological characteristics of drug-induced live injury based on hepatotoxicity injury patterns / 临床与实验病理学杂志

Purpose To explore the clinical and pathologi-cal features and the relationships between pathological features and drugs of patients with drug-induced liver injury(DILI)based on the hepatotoxicity injury patterns.Methods The clin-ical data,laboratory indicators,drugs,and liver biopsy of 50 cases of DILI were collected,the expression of CK19 was detec-ted by immunohistochemistry EnVision two-step method,and the reticular scaffold of liver tissue was displayed by Reticular fiber staining.Results Among the 50 patients with DILI,there were 29 cases of hepatocellular DILI,11 cases of cholestatic DILI,and 10 cases of mixed DILI,respectively,with the hepatocellu-lar DILI accounting for the highest proportion(58％).7 catego-ries of drugs induced DILI,with herbal ranking first(52％).Different types of drugs could cause different types of DILI,with herbal induced 17 cases hepatocellular DILI(58.62％)and an-ti-infectious and anticancer drugs induced all 3 cases cholestatic DILI(27.27％).Different types of DILI displayed various pathological characteristics.Hepatocellular congestion,feathery degeneration,and small bile duct thrombosis primarily occur in cholestasis and mixed DILI,while bridging necrosis,sub-large and large necrosis were mainly seen in hepatocellular DILI.Conclusion Based on hepatotoxicity injury patterns,DILI ex-hibits a variety of clinical and pathological characteristics,and there is some relationship between pathological characteristics and drugs.Liver puncture pathological biopsy plays an important role in improving the diagnosis and treatment of DILI.

Application of CT imaging texture analysis in predicting simplified pathological types of thymic epithelial tumors / 实用放射学杂志

Objective To investigate the value of CT imaging texture analysis in predicting simplified pathological types of thymic epithelial tumors(TETs).Methods The CT data from 114 patients with TETs confirmed by surgical or pathology were analyzed retrospectivel,and the types of TETs were divided into three groups,including low-risk thymoma(LRT)group,high-risk thymoma(HRT)group,and thymic carcinoma(TC)group.First,the texture parameters of CT images were extracted,and then the weighted Rad-score values were obtained,and the predictive performance of the texture features was evaluated by using the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results There were 114 TETs patients,including 45 patients with LRT,44 patients with HRT,and 25 patients with TC.Based on CT imaging texture analysis,the area under the curve(AUC)in differentiating LRT and HRT or TC via CT plain scan,arterial phase,and venous phase were 0.776,0.885,and 0.761,respectively.In differentiating HRT from TC,the AUC of CT plain scan,arterial phase,and venous phase were 0.828,0.808,and 0.804,respectively.In differentiating thymoma from TC,the AUC of CT plain scan,arterial phase,and venous phase were 0.808,0.769,and 0.774,respectively.Conclusion CT imaging texture analysis can serve as an effective auxiliary tool for predicting the simplified pathological types of TETs,helping to develop personal-ized treatment plans for TETs patients.CT enhanced scanning of arterial phase texture parameters has the highest differential diag-nostic efficiency.

The expression of WDR5 in cervical cancer tissue and its relationship with clinical and pathological charac-teristics of patients / 实用医学杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of WD repeat-containing protein 5(WDR5)in cervical cancer tissue and its relationship with clinical pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients.Methods 105 CA patients admitted to our hospital from January 2018 to March 2020 were included as the study subjects,the cancer tissue and adjacent tissue samples of patients were collected,Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the level of WDR5 in CA tissue and adjacent cancer tissues.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to determine the level;Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan Meier method;The influencing factors of patient prognosis were analyzed through Cox regression.Results Among 105 CA tissue samples,the positive expression rate of WDR5(WDR5 positive cases/total cancer tissue cases)was 68.57% (72/105),which was higher than 22.86% (24/105)in adjacent cancer tissues(P<0.05);Compared to adjacent tissues(1.00±0.11),the expression level of WDR5 was higher in CA tissues(4.66±0.98)(t = 38.030,P<0.05).The expression level of WDR5 is related to the degree of differentiation,TNM staging,and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05);The survival rate of WDR5 positive expression was 65.28% (47/72)lower than that of negative expression of 90.91% (30/33)(Log rank χ2 = 6.732,P = 0.009);TNM staging,WDR5,degree of dif-ferentiation,and lymph node metastasis are all influencing factors for patient prognosis(P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of WDR5 is elevated in cervical cancer tissues,and its changes are closely related to TNM staging,differentiation,lymph node metastasis,and prognosis in cervical cancer patients.

Relationship between serum miR-21 and miR-27b levels and prognosis of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma / 实用医学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between serum miRNA-21 and miR-27b levels and prognosis of patients with renal clear cell carcinoma.Methods A total of 118 patients with renal clear cell carcinoma admitted to the Qinghai University Hospital from February 2019 to April 2021 were selected as the study subjects,and another 118 healthy patients in the same period as the control group.Real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to detect the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b in the serum of all subjects.The relative expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b between the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma and healthy control patients were compared.The expression and correlation of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma of different pathological stages and Fuhrman grading were analyzed.The relationship between the expression of serum miR-21 and miR-27b and the survival and prognosis of the patients was explored as well.Results The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in the patients with renal clear cell carcinoma were higher than those in the healthy control group(P＜0.05).The serum miR-21 expression level in stage Ⅲ patients was higher than in stageⅠ(P＜0.05),while the serum miR-21 expression level in the stage Ⅳ patients was higher than that in stagesⅠ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲ(P＜0.05).The expression level of miR-27b in the serum of patients gradually increased across the four stages,with a significant difference(P＜0.05).The pathological staging was positively correlated with the expression of miR-21 and miR-27b(P＜0.001).The expression levels of miR-21 and miR-27b in serum of patients gradually increased across grades Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ by Fuhrman grading,with significant difference(P＜0.05).Fuhrman grading was positively correlated with the serum miR-21 and miR-27b expression(P＜0.001).There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the miR-21 high expression group and the low expression group(P＜0.05).There was a statistically significant difference in the survival curve between the high expression group and the low expression group of miR-27b(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of serum miR-21 and miR-27b in patients with renal clear cell carcinoma is indicative of the progression and prognosis of the patient's condition.

RAS-selective lethal small molecule 3 inhibits the fibrosis of pathological scar fibroblasts / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Abnormal extracellular matrix accumulation and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts are the main manifestations of pathological scars.Excessive proliferation of fibroblasts leads to the production of large amounts of collagen-based extracellular matrix.Therefore,to investigate the role of fibroblast fibrosis in the formation of pathological scar will provide a new idea for revealing the mechanism of pathological scar and biological therapy. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of RAS-selective lethal small molecule 3(RSL3)on the fibrosis of human pathological scar fibroblasts. METHODS:Then cases of pathological scar tissue and normal skin tissue samples from the same individuals,provided by the Department of Burn Plastic Surgery,General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University,were collected.Fibroblasts of human pathological scar and human normal skin were extracted and used in the following experiments.The general condition of the pathological scar tissue and the normal skin tissue was detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining.The appearance of fibroblasts from pathological scar and normal skin were observed by inverted microscope.The fibroblasts were verified by immunofluorescence assay.The cells were treated with different concentrations of RSL3(1,3,5,7,9,11,13 μmol/L).The inhibitory concentration of RSL3 on fibroblasts was detected by cell counting kit-8.Control group(without treatment)and RSL3 intervention group(treated with 7 μmol/L RSL3 for 24 hours)were set up.The mRNA and protein expressions of glutathione peroxidase 4,type Ⅰ collagen,type Ⅲ collagen and α-smooth muscle actin were detected by Qrt-PCR and western blot,respectively.Level of malondialdehyde in cells was detected.The residual scratch area was measured by cell scratch test after 24 hours to calculate the percentage of residual scratch area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the pathological scar group was higher than that in the normal skin group(Mrna:t=3.252,P<0.01;protein:t=5.075,P<0.01).The expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 in the pathological scar fibroblast group was higher than that in the normal skin fibroblast group(Mrna:t=10.32,P<0.01;protein:t=26.22,P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 was decreased(Mrna:t=2.798,P<0.05;protein:t=4.643,P<0.01),the content of malondialdehyde was increased(t=2.917,P<0.05),the expression of type Ⅰ collagen(Mrna:t=15.84,P<0.01;protein:t=4.610,P<0.01),type Ⅲ collagen(Mrna:t=28.86,P<0.01;protein:t=7.713,P<0.01)and α-smooth muscle actin(Mrna:t=2.671,P<0.05;protein:t=7.417,P<0.01)were decreased in the RSL3 intervention group.Compared with the control group,the migration ability was weakened in the RSL3 intervention group(t=14.06,P<0.01).To conclude,RSL3 can inhibit the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 and then inhibit the ability of fibrosis and migration of pathological scar fibroblasts.

Regulation of N6-methyladenosine on non-coding RNAs in pathological cardiac remodeling / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:N6-methyladenosine(m6A)is a hot research topic in the mechanism of pathological cardiac remodeling and plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE:To summarize the possible mechanism by which m6A modification in non-coding RNAs regulates the main processes of pathological cardiac remodeling,such as pathological cardiac hypertrophy,cardiomyocyte death,myocardial fibrosis and vascular remodeling. METHODS:"m6A,non-coding RNA,pathological cardiac hypertrophy,cardiomyocyte apoptosis,cardiomyocyte pyroptosis,cardiomyocyte ferroptosis,myocardial fibrosis,vascular remodeling"were used as search terms in Chinese and English.Relevant literature from CNKI,PubMed and Web of Science databases published from January 1974 to April 2023 was retrieved,and finally 86 eligible articles were reviewed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:m6A modification is a highly dynamic and reversible modification.Pathological cardiac remodeling mainly involves pathological cardiac hypertrophy,cardiomyocyte apoptosis,cardiomyocyte pyroptosis,cardiomyocyte ferroptosis,myocardial fibrosis and vascular remodeling.m6A-related enzymes can regulate pathological cardiac remodeling processes through various non-coding RNAs and different signaling pathways,which can be used as a new potential intervention for cardiovascular diseases.In pathological cardiac remodeling,research on the regulatory relationship between m6A modification and non-coding RNAs is still in its infancy.With the development of epigenetics,m6A modification in non-coding RNAs is expected to have a new development in the regulation of pathological cardiac remodeling.

Active ingredients of Panax notoginseng regulate signaling pathways related to steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a refractory disease in the field of orthopedics.There is no definitive idea to fully explain its pathogenesis.With the increased research on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng interfering with the signaling pathways related to various diseases,the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng that treat steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head via the regulation of relevant signaling pathways have gradually become a hot research topic. OBJECTIVE:To systematically summarize the literature on the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the regulation of signaling pathways by the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in recent years,thereby providing a reference for the follow-up study on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of this disease. METHODS:CNKI,WanFang,and PubMed were searched for relevant literature with the key words of"glucocorticoid,steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head,pathological mechanism,signaling pathway,Panax notoginseng,active ingredient"in Chinese and English.Documents related to the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head as well as related to the intervention of active ingredients of Panax notoginseng on the signaling pathway of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrieved.A total of 63 documents were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The main ingredients of Panax notoginseng include Panax notoginseng saponins,ginsenoside,Panax notoginseng saponins,quercetin,kaempferol,etc.Panax notoginseng saponins,ginsenoside Rb1 and quercetin can promote bone repair and angiogenesis by acting on the transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway.Panax notoginseng saponins,ginsenoside CK and kaempferol can promote osteogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism by acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.Panax notoginseng saponins and Panax notoginseng saponins R1/R2 act on the MAPK pathway to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and promote bone repair.Panax notoginseng saponins,ginsenoside Rb2 and quercetin can inhibit osteoclast proliferation and promote osteoblastic differentiation by acting on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway.Panax notoginseng saponins,quercetin and kaempferol can repair vascular injury and promote osteogenesis by acting on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway.Panax notoginseng saponins R1,quercetin combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles,Panax notoginseng saponins combined with polyethylene-L-lactic acid and other biomaterials have good research prospects in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.The active ingredients of Panax notoginseng can regulate the signaling pathways related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through various mechanisms,and play an active intervention role in the disease.However,the depth and breadth of relevant research are insufficient at present,and the future research should be based on the existing mechanism to explore the specific mechanism of Panax notoginseng regulating different pathways and the interaction between pathways,which will be beneficial to the multi-development of the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head.

miRNA derived from mesenchymal stem cells and its derivatives in treatment of pathological scar / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Stem cell therapy has become an emerging method of treating pathological scars.miRNAs are involved in scarring mechanisms,and the targeted action of some stem cell sources of miRNA is mediated by exosomes. OBJECTIVE:To review the biological properties of miRNA derived from mesenchymal stem cells and its derivatives,the mechanism of treatment of scarring through anti-inflammation,suppression of excessive tissue reconstruction and antioxidation. METHODS:The first author used a computer in September 2023 to retrieve the relevant literature published from January 2000 to September 2023,searching for"stem cell,exosome,miRNA,keloid"in English,and"stem cells,exosome,keloid"in Chinese,eventually incorporating 74 papers for analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)miRNAs with high expression of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells increase the proportion of M2-type macrophages by promoting the polarization of macrophages,target the regulation of transforming growth factor β,transforming growth factor β receptors or related signaling pathways,inhibit the expression of pro-inflammatory factors,promote the expression of anti-inflammatory factors and other mechanisms to inhibit inflammation and thus suppress scar lesions.(2)miRNAs with high expression of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can reduce the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases,regulate the balance between matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors and matrix metalloproteinases,inhibit the proliferation and migration of fibroblasts and myofibroblasts,directly reduce the production of collagen and other mechanisms,and ultimately lead to the normal degradation of extracellular matrix,thereby inhibiting excessive tissue remodeling and cicatricial lesions.(3)miRNAs with high expression of exosomes from mesenchymal stem cells can improve the resistance of scar fibroblasts to oxidative stress by regulating reactive oxygen species and hypoxia-inducing factors,and then regulate the proliferation and apoptosis of scar fibroblasts to inhibit scar lesions.(4)Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have good prospects for scar treatment.Studies on this aspect can find mirnas that regulate inflammatory cells,inflammatory factors,signaling pathways,matrix metalloproteinases,fibroblasts,reactive oxygen species,hypoxia-inducing factors and other key factors from the three aspects of inflammation,tissue remodeling and oxidative stress.Then,by inducing mesenchymal stem cells with high expression of the above miRNA,exosomes were extracted,and finally verified and clinical trials were carried out.