Las redes académicas y la interdisciplinariedad en el proceso pedagógico de posgrado

Introducción: Las redes académicas adquieren elevada significación para la gestión colaborativa de la interdisciplinariedad en la educación de posgrado, de ahí que se suscite el análisis, para su optimización, en el proceso pedagógico de posgrado. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en revelar criterios teórico-metodológicos para el empleo de las redes académicas en función de la interdisciplinariedad en la educación de posgrado. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa, comprendida entre noviembre de 2022 a septiembre de 2023. Incluyó el empleo de métodos teóricos como el análisis y síntesis, el histórico y lógico, la sistematización y la modelación. Entre los métodos empíricos se aplicó la revisión de documentos y la consulta a especialistas. También se empleó el análisis porcentual para procesar datos. Resultados: Se revelan criterios teórico-metodológicos que fundamentan el empleo de redes académicas en el posgrado, al considerar elementos asociados a la interdisciplinariedad, el trabajo colaborativo, las relaciones interprofesionales e intersectoriales y las alianzas interinstitucionales, a partir de las exigencias de ese nivel educacional. Este resultado es ampliamente generalizable al diseño y gestión de programas de posgrado en sus dos vertientes: superación profesional y formación académica. Discusión: Investigaciones precedentes evidencian un consenso sobre las potencialidades de las redes académicas para el desarrollo del aprendizaje colaborativo, la gestión de proyectos y la práctica interdisciplinaria. Los resultados de este estudio optimizan su empleo en el proceso pedagógico de posgrado. Los criterios teórico-metodológicos revelados en el presente trabajo, tienen un enfoque holístico con elevada pertinencia, según criterios valorativos de los especialistas que participaron en el estudio.

Introduction: Academic networks acquire high significance for the collaborative management of interdisciplinarity in postgraduate education, hence the analysis arises, for its optimization, in the postgraduate pedagogical process. The objective of this study was to reveal theoretical-methodological criteria for the use of academic networks based on interdisciplinarity in postgraduate education. Methods: Qualitative research, between november 2022 and september 2023. It included the use of theoretical methods such as analysis and synthesis, historical and logical, systematization and modeling. Among the empirical methods, document review and consultation with specialists were applied. Percentage analysis was also used to process data. Results: Theoretical-methodological criteria are revealed that support the use of academic networks in postgraduate studies, when considering elements associated with interdisciplinarity, collaborative work, interprofessional and intersectoral relationships and inter-institutional alliances, based on the demands of that educational level. This result is widely generalizable to the design and management of postgraduate programs in its two aspects: professional development and academic training. Discussion: Previous research shows a consensus on the potential of academic networks for the development of collaborative learning, project management and interdisciplinary practice. The results of this study optimize its use in the postgraduate pedagogical process. The theoretical-methodological criteria revealed in this work have a holistic approach with high relevance, according to the evaluation criteria of the specialists who participated in the study.

Descentralización en la formación de especialistas en Pediatría en la Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República. Uruguay / Decentralization in the training of pediatricians at the School of Medicine, University of the Republic, Uruguay Uruguay / Descentralização na formação de especialistas em Pediatria na Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de la República. Uruguai

Introducción: centralizar estudios superiores en Montevideo implica para las familias del interior del país gastos económicos, desarraigo familiar y pérdida de recursos humanos. La formación de especialistas en Pediatría en el interior comenzó en la década de 1980. En los últimos años se ha fortalecido, agregando escenarios de aprendizaje, docentes, recursos didácticos y evaluaciones. Objetivo: describir la experiencia en la descentralización de la docencia de especialistas en Pediatría entre 2007 y 2021 en los departamentos de Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera y Salto. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, incluyendo estudiantes del posgrado de especialistas en Pediatría que realizaron su formación en Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera y Salto, entre 2007 y 2021. Se describe el número de especialistas formados, las características personales o familiares que incidieron en la decisión de realizar el curso en el interior, desempeño curricular, lugar de ejercicio profesional, recursos humanos docentes disponibles. Resultados: en el período analizado 88 estudiantes cursaron el posgrado en las ciudades evaluadas, 33 en régimen de residencia. Eran oriundos/residentes del lugar, 78. Egresaron 57; 19 se encontraban cursando, 4 abandonaron. Un porcentaje variable de las instancias obligatorias del curso se realizaron en el interior. El tiempo promedio para realizar todas las actividades obligatorias fue de 3,3 años. Ejercen en el lugar de formación o en ciudades cercanas, 60. Paysandú y Salto cuentan con 34 horas docentes/semana. Maldonado con 6 horas docentes/semana y docentes honorarios. Rivera cuenta con docentes/tutores honorarios. Conclusiones: la descentralización de la docencia de Pediatría es un gran logro para las ciudades del interior, que forman sus propios recursos humanos, permitiendo que se radiquen en estas ciudades. Es necesario mejorar la oferta de actividades curriculares y horas docentes.

Introduction: Centralizing higher education studies in Montevideo entails economic expenses, family uprooting, and loss of human resources for families living in the interior of Uruguay. The training of pediatric specialists outside the capital city began in the 1980s. In recent years, this innovations has been reinforced by adding learning scenarios, teachers, didactic resources, and evaluations. Objective: to describe the experience of decentralizing the teaching of pediatric specialists between 2007 and 2021 in Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera, and Salto. Method: Descriptive study, including postgraduate students of pediatris who completed their training in Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera, and Salto between 2007 and 2021. The study describes the number of specialists trained, personal or family characteristics that influenced the decision to take the course in the interior, academic performance, place of professional practice, and available teaching staff. Results: during the study period, 88 students undertook postgraduate studies in the evaluated cities, 33 of which studied in a residency program. Of these, 78 were native to or residents of the area. Fifty six pediatricians graduated, 18 were still enrolled, and 4 dropped out. A variable percentage of the course's mandatory components were conducted in the interior. Average time to complete all mandatory activities was 3.3 years. Sixty graduates practice in the place of training or in nearby cities. Paysandú and Salto have 34 hours of teaching per week; Maldonado has 6 hours per week and honorary teachers. Rivera has honorary teachers/tutors. Conclusions: the decentralization of pediatric teaching is a significant achievement for inland cities in the interior of the country, as it allows them to train their own human resources, enabling them to settle in these cities. There is a need to improve the offer of curricular activities and teaching hours.

Introdução: a centralização do ensino superior em Montevidéu implica custos econômicos para as famílias do interior do país, o desenraizamento familiar e a perda de recursos humanos. A formação de especialistas em Pediatria no interior do país começou na década de 1980. Nos últimos anos foi fortalecida acrescentando cenários de aprendizagem, professores, recursos didáticos e avaliações. Objetivo: descrever a experiência de descentralização do ensino de especialistas em Pediatria entre 2007 e 2021 nos departamentos de Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera e Salto. Metodologia: estudo descritivo, incluindo estudantes de pós-graduação em Pediatria que se formaram em Maldonado, Paysandú, Rivera e Salto, no período 2007-2021. Descrevemos o número de especialistas formados, as características pessoais ou familiares que influenciaram a decisão de fazer o curso no interior do país, o desempenho curricular, o local de prática profissional e recursos humanos docentes disponíveis. Resultados: no período analisado, 88 alunos fizeram a pós-graduação nas cidades avaliadas, 33 deles em regime de residência. Eram nativos/residentes no local, 78. 57 terminaram a pós-graduação, 19 ainda estavam em formação e 4 desistiram. Uma porcentagem variável das disciplinas obrigatórias do curso foi cursada no interior do país. O tempo médio para a realização das atividades obrigatórias foi de 3,3 anos. Sessenta trabalham no lugar de pós-graduação ou en cidades próximas. Paysandú y Salto tem 34 horas docentes/semana, Maldonado 6 horas docentes/semana e docentes honorários. Rivera tem docentes/tutores honorários. Conclusões: a descentralização do ensino de Pediatria é uma grande conquista para as cidades do interior, que formam seus próprios recursos humanos, permitindo que se estabeleçam nessas cidades. É necessário melhorar a oferta de atividades curriculares e a carga horária de ensino.

Establishment of entrustable professional activities for entering residency / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To establish an indicator system of entrustable professional activities (EPAs) for entering residency, and to provide support for targeted training and ability evaluation of entering residency.Methods:Based on the existing indicator systems of EPAs for entering residency in China and globally, two rounds of Delphi consultation were performed to identify and optimize the indicators for EPAs. The scores of indicators were evaluated using means and coefficient of variation, and the degree of expert authority and Kendall's W coefficient were used to test the reliability of results.Results:A total of 17 indicators for EPAs were established, which defined the entrustable level of each EPA that residents should reach at the time of entry and at the end of the first year.Conclusions:This study preliminarily establishes an indicator system of EPAs for entering residency.

Difference in the postgraduate education model of clinical laboratory diagnostics between China and Australia: With Griffith University as an example / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Laboratory medicine is an important subject of auxiliary clinical diagnosis, and the postgraduate education of clinical laboratory diagnostics is the key to cultivating high-end laboratory talents. This study analyses the differences in the postgraduate education model of clinical laboratory diagnostics between China and Australia from the four aspects of academic degree system, curriculum setting, teaching methods, and autonomous learning ability training and discusses the postgraduate education reform of laboratory medicine in China. With reference to the advanced experience of countries with a well-developed education system, the education reform in China can improve the comprehensive quality of postgraduate student in laboratory medicine and enhance the medical level of China.

Exploration on Constructing Good Tutor-postgraduate Relationship Under the Background of Striving for"Double First-class"Traditional Chinese Medicine Universities / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To explore the construction measures of a new pattern of tutor-postgraduate relationship under the background of striving for"double first-class"traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)university,in order to continuously improve the quality of postgraduate training in TCM universities.[Methods]Under the background of striving for"double first-class"TCM universities,this paper introduces the practical significance of building a good mentoring relationship,and analyzes the outstanding problems existing in the mentoring relationship in the current TCM universities from the perspective of tutors and postgraduates-the two main subjects.[Results]Through the establishment of a good mentoring relationship,the tutor-postgraduate relationship has generally been positively influenced,and the communication between teachers and students has become closer and more efficient.Through a series of positive incentive mechanisms,tutors are more active in providing support and help to postgraduates in academic guidance,academic guidance and life care,and postgraduates are more active in cooperating with tutors in various scientific research work.The quantity and quality of academic papers published by postgraduates have been significantly improved,and the scientific research and teaching work of the tutor team have been carried out more efficiently with remarkable progress.[Conclusion]Starting from the three aspects of strengthening the positive core value of"respecting teachers and medicine",perfecting the relevant system and correcting the imbalance of the tutor-postgraduate relationship,the School of Basic Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University focuses on exploring the new mode of building a good tutor-postgraduate relationship,and puts forward feasible suggestions through a series of measures.This mode has significantly improved the tutor-postgraduate relationship.It not only plays a positive role in improving postgraduates'professional level and communication-scientific research-innovation ability,but also provides a guarantee for tutors to complete teaching and scientific research work successfully,which is worthy of further improvement and promotion.

Caracterización de las habilidades investigativas en residentes de Medicina General Familiar en la provincia Zaire

Introducción: Durante la formación profesional de posgrado el residente debe desarrollar habilidades de índole investigativas, con el objetivo de solucionar y dar respuesta a las problemáticas existentes, mediante la investigación con carácter sistemático, con rigor ético, excelencia y calidad en su proceso metodológico. Objetivo: Caracterizar las habilidades investigativas de los internos residentes de la especialidad de Medicina General y Familiar en la provincia de Zaire, en la República de Angola. Métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal en una muestra probabilística de 19 internos residentes del Hospital Provincial de Zaire María Eugenia Neto. El análisis estadístico fue descriptivo con frecuencias absolutas y relativas porcentuales. Resultados: El 68,4 % de los internos residentes se encontraban entre 30-40 años, donde 68,4 % eran del sexo masculino. La adquisición de algún nivel de conocimiento de competencias investigativas resultó en su mayoría nulo. El 63,2 % expresó mayor interés por el área de investigación de las enfermedades infecciosas. Existió una correspondencia significativa en torno a las limitaciones descritas en el momento de investigar y su relación con las competencias investigativas para lograr la elaboración y el desarrollo del proyecto de terminación de la especialidad. Conclusiones: En los residentes de posgrado de la especialidad de Medicina General y Familiar en la provincia de Zaire son insuficientes las habilidades investigativas para lograr alcanzar la realización del proyecto de investigación del trabajo de terminación de la especialidad.

Introduction: During postgraduate professional training, the resident should develop research skills, with the objective of solving and responding to existing problems, through systematic research, with ethical rigor, excellence and quality in its methodological process. Objective: To characterize the research skills of resident interns in the specialty of general and family medicine in the province of Zaire, in the Republic of Angola. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with a probabilistic sample of 19 resident interns from Hospital Provincial Do Zaire Maria Eugenia Neto. The statistical analysis was descriptive, with absolute and relative (percentage) frequencies. Results: 68.4 % of the resident interns were between 30 and 40 years old, 68.4 % of whom were male. The acquisition of some level of knowledge about research competences was mostly null. 63.2 % expressed more interest in the area of infectious diseases research. There was a significant correspondence concerning the limitations described at the time of research and their relationship with the research competences to achieve the elaboration and development of the specialty completion project. Conclusions: In the postgraduate residents of the specialty of general and family medicine in the province of Zaire, there are insufficient research skills to achieve the accomplishment of the research project of the specialty completion work.

Algunas consideraciones sobre la superación permanente de los profesionales de salud en Cuba

Introducción: La sociedad del conocimiento crece de forma acelerada y envejece también con rapidez, lo que contribuye a la necesidad de aprender a gestionarlo y hace necesario favorecer la superación permanente de los profesionales de la salud para convertirlos en un recurso de talento humano con altos conocimientos y responder a las más apremiantes necesidades de salud. Objetivo: Caracterizar la superación permanente de los profesionales de salud en Cuba. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión documental sobre la superación permanente en profesionales de la salud, a través de las bases Scopus, SciELO, CUMED, LILACS, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, PubMed, en español e inglés, mediante el motor de búsqueda de información Google Académico. Fueron seleccionados 20 artículos científicos con suficiente calidad y actualidad, concernientes al objetivo propuesto, para lo cual se aplicó el método teórico de investigación científica histórico-lógico. Para la búsqueda se utilizaron las palabras: educación de posgrado, superación profesional y superación permanente. Resultados: La superación permanente, proceso particular de la educación posgraduada para profesionales de la salud, ha sido estudiada por diferentes autores. Esta comprende un sistema orientado al enriquecimiento profesional para actualizar, ampliar y profundizar de forma continua los conocimientos para elevar la cultura general integral y cumplir con calidad el desempeño profesional. Conclusiones: La sistematización realizada sobre la superación permanente de los profesionales de salud garantiza la actualización de los conocimientos y las habilidades, lo que permite elevar la calidad de la competencia y el desempeño de los prestadores de los servicios de salud a la población.

Introduction: The knowledge society is growing in an accelerated manner and, also, is aging rapidly, which contributes to the necessity of learning how to manage knowledge and demands to favor the permanent improvement of health professionals, in order to turn them into a human talent resource with high knowledge for responding to the most pressing health needs. Objective: To characterize the permanent improvement of health professionals in Cuba. Methods: A documental review was carried out on the continuing education of health professionals, through the Scopus, SciELO, CUMED, LILACS, Virtual Health Library, and PubMed databases, in Spanish and English, by means of the information search engine Google Scholar. Twenty scientific articles of sufficient quality and current relevance concerning the proposed objective were selected, for which the historical-logical theoretical method of scientific research was applied. The following words were used for the search: educación de posgrado [postgraduate education], superación profesional [professional improvement] and superación permanente [permanent improvement]. Results: Permanent improvement, a particular process of postgraduate education for health professionals, has been studied by different authors. This comprises a system oriented to professional enrichment for continuously updating, broadening and deepening knowledge in order to raise general comprehensive culture and fulfill professional performance with quality. Conclusions: The systematization carried out on the permanent improvement of health professionals guarantees the updating of knowledge and skills, which allows raising the quality of competence and performance of health service providers to the population.

A literatura de cordel como recurso pedagógico na Pós-Graduação em Saúde Coletiva / Cordel literature as a pedagogical resource on a Master's degree in Public Health / La literatura de cordel como recurso pedagógico en el postgrado en Salud Colectiva

A literatura de cordel é um gênero literário popular com raízes no Nordeste brasileiro. Com o propósito de desenvolver metodologias participativas, no contexto de uma disciplina na Pós-Graduação stricto sensu em Saúde Coletiva, elaborou-se um folheto inspirado na obra "A Elite do Atraso: da escravidão à lava-jato" do sociólogo brasileiro Jessé Souza. O objetivo foi apresentar os capítulos do livro em forma de recital, utilizando a literatura de cordel, para discussão do tema de forma dinâmica em espaços de produção de conhecimento nos campos da Educação e da Saúde. A obra construída retrata, de forma crítica, a construção histórica do Brasil mediante seu berço, pautada nas injustiças sociais trazidas com os colonizadores, formuladas pela escravidão que hoje reverbera de forma atualizada nas crises política, econômica e de classes.(AU)

Cordel literature is a popular literary genre with roots in the northeast of Brazil. With the aim of developing participatory methodologies for a subject on a Master's degree in Public Health, we produced a pamphlet inspired by the book "A Elite do Atraso: da escravidão a lava-jato" (The Elite of Backwardness: from slavery to the car wash scandal), by Brazilian sociologist Jessé Souza. The aim of the pamphlet was to present each of the chapters of the book in the form of a recital using cordel literature to promote dynamic discussion of the theme in spaces of knowledge production in the fields of health and education. The pamphlet critically depicts the historic construction of Brazil from the cradle, grounded on social injustice brought by the colonizers and shaped by slavery, which continues to reverberate today, reframed through the political, economic and class crisis.(AU)

La literatura de cordel es un género literario popular con raíces en el nordeste brasileño. Con el propósito de desarrollar metodologías participativas, en el contexto de una asignatura en el postgrado stricto sensu en Salud Colectiva, se elaboró un folleto inspirado en la obra "A Elite do Atraso: da escravidão a lava-jato" del sociólogo brasileño Jessé Souza. El objetivo fue presentar los capítulos del libro en forma de recital, utilizando la literatura de cordel, para discusión del tema de forma dinámica en espacios de producción de conocimiento en los campos de la educación y de la salud. La obra construida retrata, de forma crítica, la construcción histórica de Brasil por medio de su cuna, con base en las injusticias sociales traídas por los colonizadores, formulada por la esclavitud que hoy día reverbera de forma actualizada en la crisis política, económica y de clases.(AU)

Material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en la educación médica de posgrado

Fundamento: El conocimiento del inglés como el idioma empleado globalmente en diversos sectores, se ha convertido, junto a las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones, es una herramienta de formación, trabajo y entretenimiento indispensable; el dominio de este posibilita las relaciones de cooperación e intercambio de profesionales del sector de la salud en varios países. Objetivo: Diseñar un material didáctico para el desarrollo de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés en estudiantes de posgrado de la carrera de Medicina, mediante el empleo de tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Metodología: Se realizó una investigación de desarrollo con enfoque mixto en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Holguín durante el período marzo-julio de 2022. Se asumió el método dialéctico materialista como concepción general de la investigación y se emplearon otros del nivel teórico: histórico-lógico, análisis y síntesis e inducción deducción, sistémico-estructural-funcional y revisión documental; empíricos: encuesta, entrevista y observación participativa. Resultados: Las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con el insuficiente tratamiento de la competencia comunicativa audio-oral en inglés, se constató la importancia de la misma dentro del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del inglés, pues establece las pautas generales que se deben seguir para una comunicación efectiva y se instituye desde una mirada holística del acto comunicativo del profesional. Conclusiones: Los especialistas valoraron el material como adecuado por su estructura y factibilidad para su implementación. Después de su aplicación se evidenció su efectividad en la consolidación del aprendizaje en este nivel educacional a través de la preparación idiomática.

Background: Knowledge of English as the language used globally in various sectors, has increasingly become, together with information and communications technologies, an indispensable training, work and entertainment tool in the current era. Its domain enables cooperation relations and exchange of professionals in the health sector in various countries. Objective: To design a didactic material for the development of audio-oral communicative competence in English in postgraduate medical students, through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). Methods: A development research with a mixed approach was carried out at the Holguín University of Medical Sciences during the period March-July 2022. It was assumed the dialectical materialist method as the general conception of the research and others of the theoretical level: historical- logical, analysis and synthesis and induction deduction, systemic-structural-functional and documentary review; empirical: survey, interview and participatory observation. Results: The main difficulties were related to an insufficient treatment of audio-oral communicative competence in English, it was confirmed its importance within the teaching-learning process of English, since it establishes the general guidelines that must be followed for an effective communication. Moreover, it is instituted from a holistic view of the professional communicative act. Conclusions: The specialists assessed the material as adequate due to its structure and feasibility for its implementation. After its application, it was evidenced its effectiveness in consolidating learning in this educational level through language training.

Relaciones interdisciplinarias entre anestesiólogos y cirujanos / Interdisciplinary Relationships between Anesthesiologists and Surgeons

Introducción: Las relaciones interdisciplinares se caracterizan por que profesionales con distinta formación se unen para cruzar los límites tradicionales entre varias disciplinas académicas, en busca de nuevos enfoques teórico-prácticos. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre las relaciones interdisciplinarias entre anestesiólogos y cirujanos, así como su alcance en el programa de formación de ambas especialidades. Desarrollo: La interdisciplinariedad entre anestesiología y cirugía demanda el conocimiento del objeto de estudio de forma integral. Esto conlleva múltiples enfoques metodológicos, con el fin de lograr cada vez mejores soluciones a los problemas. Es un proceso complejo, toda vez que se sobreponen dos especialidades diferentes con la visión de un paciente en común. Esta resulta la filosofía de caracterizar todos los puntos de vista que hagan coincidir ambas especialidades en la búsqueda sistemática de integración de teorías, métodos e instrumentos en su interactuar. Conclusiones: Los anestesiólogos y los cirujanos en su modo de actuación establecen relaciones interdisciplinarias. No obstante, se identifica que en el programa de formación de cada una de estas especialidades prevalece una lógica académica disciplinar y no se precisan formas de enseñanzas con carácter interdisciplinario como factor que contribuirá a una dimensión más efectiva en el aprendizaje(AU)

Introduction: Interdisciplinary relationships are characterized by professionals with different training coming together to cross the traditional boundaries between various academic disciplines, in search of new theoretical-practical approaches. Objective: To update on the interdisciplinary relationships between anesthesiologists and surgeons, as well as their scope in the training program of both specialties. Development: The interdisciplinarity between anesthesiology and surgery demands an comprehensive knowledge of the object of study. This entails multiple methodological approaches, in order to achieve, at any moment, better solutions to problems. It is a complex process, since two different specialties are superimposed with the approach on a common patient. This comes to be the philosophy of characterizing all the points of view that make both specialties coincide in the systematic search for integration of theories, methods and instruments in their interaction. Conclusions: Anesthesiologists and surgeons, in their mode of action, establish interdisciplinary relationships. However, the training programs of these specialties have been identified to have a prevailing disciplinary academic logic, without requiring any interdisciplinary forms of teaching as a factor that will contribute to a more effective dimension in learning(AU)

Evaluación del impacto del programa de maestría Medios Diagnósticos en la universidad médica matancera / Impact Assessment of the Program of the Master's Degree in Diagnostic Means from the Matanzas Medical University

Introducción: El posgrado en salud, en especial el desarrollo de los programas de maestrías, constituye fuente de investigación para la evaluación del impacto, por la importancia que reviste para la calidad académica y la mejora continua de los programas de formación. Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto que produce a nivel individual, institucional y social-comunitario el programa de la maestría Medios Diagnósticos de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Métodos: Se realizó un proyecto de evaluación de impacto, analítico, longitudinal y prospectivo, durante el período comprendido entre 2019 y 2022, con la aplicación de un procedimiento seleccionado que permitió demostrar la calidad del programa de la maestría objeto de estudio. Se aplicaron métodos teóricos, empíricos y estadísticos para determinar la calidad del programa de formación y sus transformaciones. Resultados: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría permitió conocer elementos esenciales para el desarrollo del programa en la institución y los rasgos que caracterizan los procedimientos existentes para dicho fin; asimismo, se obtuvo información relevante sobre la influencia del programa y las transformaciones obtenidas a nivel personal, institucional y social-comunitario. Conclusiones: La evaluación del impacto de la maestría objeto de estudio, con la aplicación del procedimiento seleccionado, constituyó una vía pertinente para medir los resultados del programa y su influencia en el desarrollo personal, institucional y en lo social-comunitario, lo que permitió la retroalimentación para la mejora continua del programa de formación(AU)

Introduction: Health postgraduate studies, especially the development of master's degree programs, are sources of research for assessing impact, due to their importance for academic quality and the continuous improvement of training programs. Objective: To assess the impact at the individual, institutional and social-community level produced by the program of the master's degree in Diagnostic Means from the Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Matanzas. Methods: An analytical, longitudinal and prospective project for assessing impact was carried out during the period from 2019 to 2022, with the application of a selected procedure that allowed demonstrating the quality of the master's degree program under study. Theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied to determine the quality of the training program and its transformations. Results: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree program made it possible to know essential elements for the development of the program at the institution and the features that characterize the existing procedures for that purpose; likewise, relevant information was obtained on the influence of the program and the transformations obtained at the personal, institutional and social-community levels. Conclusions: The assessment of the impact of the master's degree under study, with the application of the selected procedure, was a pertinent way to measure the outcomes of the program and its influence on personal, institutional and social-community development, which allowed feedback for the continuous improvement of the training program(AU)

Inteligencia emocional y su importancia en el proceso formativo de especialidades médico-quirúrgicas / Emotional Intelligence and its Importance on the Training Process as within Medical-Surgical Specialties

Introducción: La inteligencia emocional es una habilidad blanda, definida como la capacidad de reconocer las emociones propias y ajenas para gestionarlas frente a otros de manera adecuada. Este tipo de inteligencia se relaciona con competencias y aptitudes humanas en diferentes áreas sociales, académicas y de trabajo. Objetivo: Describir el papel de la inteligencia emocional en la práctica clínica de los residentes médicos, como marco de referencia para su aplicación en la educación teórico-práctica y la realización de futuras investigaciones. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, LILACS y Google Scholar. Se emplearon operadores lógicos mediante distintas combinaciones: MeSH: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate; y DeCS: Inteligencia Emocional, Residencia Médica, Educación Médica, Educación de Postgrado en Medicina. La búsqueda se limitó por año, idioma y acceso libre, teniendo en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se obtuvieron 279 resultados, de los cuales fueron seleccionados 26 para ser incluidos en la revisión y síntesis de los resultados. Resultados: Los resultados se organizaron según su relación con la inteligencia emocional en: medición en residentes médico-quirúrgicos, niveles de estrés y burnout, empatía en la relación médico-paciente, desempeño académico, bienestar y satisfacción laboral. Conclusiones: La inteligencia emocional en los residentes médico-quirúrgicos se ha relacionado con menores niveles de estrés y burnout, comunicación asertiva, mayor empatía con los pacientes y calidad en la atención médica; además, con elevado rendimiento académico, mejores habilidades de enseñanza, liderazgo y motivación; y, finalmente, con mejor bienestar psicológico, satisfacción laboral y rendimiento clínico(AU)

Introduction: Emotional intelligence is a soft skill, defined as the ability to recognize one's own and others' emotions in view of managing them in front of others adequately. This type of intelligence is related to human competences and skills in different social, academic and occupational areas. Objective: To describe the role of emotional intelligence in the clinical practice of medical residents, as a frame of reference for its application in theoretical-practical education and the development of future research. Methods: A literature review was carried out in the PubMed, LILACS and Google Scholar databases. Logical operators were used by means of different combinations from the Medical Subject Headings: Emotional Intelligence, Medical Residencies, Education, Medical, Education, Medical, Graduate. The following combinations from the Health Sciences Descriptors were also used: "Inteligencia Emocional [emotional Intelligence], Residencia Médica [medical residence], Educación Médica [medical education], Educación de Postgrado en Medicina [postgraduate education in Medicine]. The search was limited by year, language and free access, taking into account inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 279 results were obtained, of which 26 were selected to be included in the review and synthesis. Results: The results were organized, according to their relationship with emotional intelligence, in measurement in medical-surgical residents, levels of stress and burnout, empathy in the doctor-patient relationship, academic performance, well-being, and job satisfaction. Conclusions: Emotional intelligence in medical-surgical residents has been related to lower levels of stress and burnout, assertive communication, greater empathy with patients, and quality in medical care; furthermore, with high academic performance, better skills for teaching, leadership and motivation; and, finally, with better psychological well-being, job satisfaction and clinical performance(AU)

Ciencia, tecnología y sociedad en el modelo formativo para la gestión de la evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias / Science, technology and society in the training model for the management of health technology assessment i: en

La educación de posgrado en Cuba tiene una función determinante en el desarrollo de los profesionales. Al respecto, en la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Santiago de Cuba se ha implementado un modelo formativo para la gestión de la evaluación de las tecnologías sanitarias, en el cual se establece la interrelación e interconexión del enfoque en ciencia, tecnología y sociedad, así como el empleo del contexto y la contextualización en los referentes que permiten la transformación del proceso de formación de posgrado. En el actual artículo se expone cómo la aplicación de dicho modelo ha contribuido a moldear la preparación e incrementar la cultura de los gestores de ciencia, tecnología e innovación en salud, a la vez que ha favorecido la calidad de la educación de posgrado desde una perspectiva integral, materializada en la mejora de su gestión.

Postgraduate education in Cuba has a determining role in the development of professionals. In this regard, the University of Medical Sciences from Santiago de Cuba has implemented a training model for the management of health technologies assessment, which establishes the interrelation and interconnection of the approach in science, technology and society, as well as the use of context and contextualization in the referents that allow the transformation of postgraduate training process. In the current article, it is exposed how the application of said model has contributed to shaping the training and improving the culture of health science, technology and innovation managers, at the same time that it has favored the quality of postgraduate education from an integral perspective, materialized in the improvement of its management.

Evolución histórica de la formación del especialista en Higiene y Epidemiología en Cuba / Historical Evolution of Specialist Development and Certification in Hygiene and Epidemiology in Cuba

Introducción: La epidemiología es una disciplina científica que estudia las distribuciones y los determinantes de un estado o evento relacionados con la salud y la aplicación de esos estudios al control de la enfermedad y otros problemas de salud. Objetivo: Describir los aspectos que han caracterizado la formación de los especialistas en Higiene y Epidemiología en Cuba. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un análisis documental que posibilitó el estudio de las normas, plan de estudio, resoluciones como aspecto esencial en la conformación del sustento teórico de la investigación y estudio histórico-lógico que permitió estudiar las tendencias históricas en la evolución de la formación del especialista en Higiene y Epidemiología, así como una sistematización de la obra de diferentes autores relacionada con la formación de la especialidad. Desarrollo: Se trataron aspectos teóricos relacionados con la docencia de posgrado, la integración docencia-servicios, las nuevas transformaciones y la calidad en el proceso educativo. Se ofreció información de los antecedentes en la formación de higienistas y epidemiólogos, de elementos que caracterizan sus planes de estudio y se analizó el significado que tiene para el servicio asumir la formación acelerada de especialistas capaces de desempeñarse como salubristas ante complejos problemas de salud. Conclusiones: La evolución histórica de la formación de los especialistas en Higiene y Epidemiología ha estado en correspondencia con los nuevos retos y problemas higiénicos y epidemiológicos, y la pertinencia que reclama el sistema de salud cubano; se evidencia en el desarrollo de un profesional que contribuye a elevar la calidad de los servicios que se ofrece a la población(AU)

Introduction: Epidemiology is a scientific discipline that encompasses the doctrines and administrative determinations of a state or event related to societal health and the application of those domains to the control of illness and other problems in the medical realm. Objective: To describe the aspects that have characterized the training of specialists in Hygiene and Epidemiology in the country. Material and Methods: A documentary analysis and scientific study was carried out on the historical evolution of the training that was instituted in order to certify Hygiene and Epidemiology specialists. In addition, a review of the training stages for these health professionals was characterized along with the attention paid to unique qualities of the respective curriculum. Development: Theoretical aspects related to postgraduate teaching, teaching-service integration, transformative strategies and the institution of quality measures into the educational process were discussed. Information about the backgrounds for the training of hygienists and epidemiologists as well as the elements that characterize the study plans for these healthcare providers was given. Also, the significance of their diligence in obtaining an accelerated certification and eventually acting as promoters of health and wellbeing confronting complex problems of medical care and health in society was analyzed. Conclusions: Some key points have been mentioned to assure the quality of the Epidemiology and Public Health training and certification processes. However, with sound approaches and lofty goals, great success for Epidemiology and Public Health will be assured(AU)

Implantação do primeiro curso de mestrado profissional em enfermagem no estado de Rondônia / Implementation of the first professional master's course in nursing in the state of Rondônia / Implementación del primer curso de maestría profesional en enfermería en Rondônia

Objetivo: Descrever a implantação do pioneirismo do curso de Mestrado Profissional, na área de enfermagem, no estado de Rondônia, contemplado no edital 28/2019, do Acordo de Cooperação Técnica CAPES/Cofen 30/2016. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo em uma perspectiva histórica, que utilizou documentos institucionais e dispositivos legais relacionados à temática. A coleta de informações foi realizada no período de setembro de 2020 a setembro de 2021. Resultados: Implantação do primeiro curso de Mestrado Profissional, turma fora de Sede, pelo Programa de Pós-graduação em Práticas do Cuidado em Saúde da Universidade Federal do Paraná no Estado de Rondônia. Foram selecionados dez profissionais, os quais desenvolvem projetos de pesquisas em diferentes cenários da prática profissional de enfermagem: Atenção Terciária (66,7%), Atenção Primária (22,2%), Sistema Prisional Federal (11,1%). Os resultados das pesquisas desenvolvidas gerarão produto técnico/tecnológico, conforme as exigências de um Programa de Pós-Graduação, na modalidade de Mestrado Profissional. Conclusão: A oferta do mestrado profissional no estado de Rondônia proporciona a qualificação de enfermeiros, preparando-os para a tomada de decisões a partir de evidências científicas. Esta proposta promove a valorização profissional e a melhoria das práticas em saúde na região amazônica. (AU)

Objective: This study aimed to describe the implementation of the first Professional Master's Course in Nursing in the state of Rondônia, Brazil, contemplated in Notice 28/2019 of the Technical Cooperation Agreement CAPES/Cofen 30/2016. Methods: This is a study from a historical perspective, which used institutional documents and legal provisions related to the subject. The collection of information was carried out from September 2020 to September 2021. Results: Implementation of the first Professional Master's course, away from headquarters, by the Postgraduate Program in Health Care Practices at the Federal University of Paraná in the State of Rondônia. Ten professionals were selected to form the first professional master's class, who develop research projects in different professional nursing practice scenarios: Tertiary Care (66.7%), Primary Care (22.2%), and Federal Prison System (11.1%). Results of the research conducted will develop a technical/technological product, according to the requirements of a Postgraduate Program in the Professional Master's Degree modality. Conclusion: Offering a professional master's degree in the state of Rondônia has provided the qualification of nurses, preparing them for decision-making based on scientific evidence. This proposal promotes professional valorization and the improvement of health practices in the Amazon region. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la implementación del primer Curso de Maestría Profesional en el campo de enfermería en Rondônia, Brasil, contemplada en el Aviso 28/2019, del Convenio de Cooperación Técnica CAPES/Cofen 30/2016. Métodos: Estudio desde una perspectiva histórica, que utilizó documentos institucionales y disposiciones legales relacionadas con el tema. La recogida de información se llevó a cabo desde septiembre de 2020 hasta septiembre de 2021. Resultados: Implementación del primer curso de Maestría Profesional, un grupo fuera de la sede, por el Programa de Posgrado en Prácticas de la Salud de la Universidad Federal de Paraná en el Estado de Rondônia. Se seleccionaron diez profesionales para componer la primera clase de maestría profesional, quienes desarrollan proyectos de investigación en diferentes escenarios de la práctica profesional de enfermería: Atención Terciaria (66,7%), Atención Primaria (22,2%), Sistema Penitenciario Federal (11,1%). Los resultados de las investigaciones desarrolladas generarán producto técnico/ tecnológico, según los requerimientos de Programa de Posgrado, en forma de Maestría Profesional. Conclusión: La oferta de maestría profesional en Rondônia, Brasil, proporciona calificación de enfermeros, preparándolos para tomar decisiones basadas en evidencia científica. Esta propuesta promueve desarrollo profesional y mejora de prácticas de salud en la región amazónica. (AU)

Análise da formação em Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde no Brasil: perspectiva dos egressos / Analysis of professional training in Multiprofessional Health Residency Programs in Brazil from the perspective of residents

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a formação em Programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Atenção Básica (PRMAB) no Brasil a partir dos egressos de 20 Programas no período de 2015 a 2019. Trata-se de um estudo transversal que analisou as dimensões Abordagem Pedagógica (AP) e Cenários de Educação em Serviço (CES) com escala do tipo Likert. Participaram do estudo 365 egressos de programas instalados em 12 estados da federação. Na dimensão AP (α de Cronbach=0,94) destacaram-se os critérios sobre a concepção ampliada do cuidado e formação pautada em cuidado integral (P50=10), enquanto os com pior desempenho se relacionavam à preceptoria (P50=7). Quanto aos CES (α de Cronbach=0,90), foram reveladas potencialidades para as atividades educativas em grupo (P50=9) e fragilidades para critérios relativos à suficiência de espaço físico nas unidades de saúde (P50=6), participação dos residentes em Conselhos (P50=6) e articulação com Programas de Residência Médica (P50=5). A formação nos PRMAB mostra-se sintonizada com os atuais paradigmas da atenção à saúde, com ênfase na integralidade e prevenção. Contudo, os Programas carecem de investimento na formação de preceptores e melhoria de fragilidades no âmbito dos cenários de prática.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze professional training in multiprofessional health residency programs (MHRPs) in primary care from the perspective of residents from 20 programs who had completed residency in the period 2015-2019. We undertook a cross-sectional study analyzing criteria in the dimensions Pedagogical Approach and In-Service Education Settings responded using a 10-point Likert scale. The study sample consisted of 365 graduates from MHRPs in 12 Brazilian states. The highest-scoring criteria in the dimension Pedagogical Approach (Cronbach's α=0.94) were broad concept of care and professional training oriented towards comprehensive care (P50=10). The lowest scoring criteria were those involving preceptorship (P50=7). With regard to the In-Service Education Settings dimension (Cronbach's α=0.90), the main strength was group educational activities (P50=9) and the main weaknesses were adequacy of the physical structure of health facilities (P50=6), participation of residents in local health committees (P50=6), and coordination with medical residency programs (P50=5). The findings show that professional training in MHRPs is aligned with the principles and guidelines underpinning Brazil's public health system, with emphasis on comprehensiveness and prevention. However, efforts are needed to improve preceptor training and address weaknesses in practice settings.

The exploration and practice on postgraduate education model of professional degree in clinical medicine based on the background of medical education collaboration / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Based on the background of medical education collaboration, postgraduate education of professional degree in clinical medicine needs to be combined with social needs to reform and to carry on the exploration of high-level talents cultivation mode of clinical medicine. The article states the exploration and practice to establish the cultivation mode of clinical medicine as an organic integration of multi-module curriculum system, multi-level clinical practice and multi-directional scientific research training. Then it gives some thoughts and suggestions based on the practice, including potent teaching function of clinical medical college, reasonable clinical teaching incentive mechanism and favorable conditions for clinical research, in order to provide theoretical basis and practice experiences of high-level talents cultivation mode of clinical medicine.

Comparative analysis of Master of Public Health education between China and the UK / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The Master of Public Health (MPH) is one of the internationally recognized ways of training professionals in the medical and health field. With the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic, the need for talents who can serve the national public health emergency management system has accelerated. This article makes the comparison of public health education in China and the UK, starting from the reasons and advantages of medical education in two countries, selecting several universities with high rankings in public health in China and the UK as the research objects, collecting and summarizing their programme descriptions, from the enrollment mode, training objectives, cultivation mode and degree types, curriculum settings, etc., in the MPH programme descriptions in order to find the advantages of MPH education in the UK, which can be used for reference in the education and training of public health talents in China, and is of great significance for the improvement and optimization of MPH education in China.

Practice and thinking of standardized cultivation of master of public health / 中华医学教育探索杂志

In recent years, in the face of the risks and challenges of public health emergencies, the demand and supply of public health talents are relatively tight, and the reform and exploration of the standardized training of public health professionals has become one of the most urgent and important topics. This study analyzed the problems of curriculum system setting, implementation of practical links and composition of tutors in the training process, and learned that Wenzhou Medical University has carried out practical exploration in strengthening theoretical study, highlighting the combination of research and study, deepening professional practice, etc., which has achieved the orderly promotion of public health training supported by supporting reform measures; Take the post competence as the guidance, and vigorously improve the practicing ability; Based on the process and result assessment, promote the reform of training mode and other preliminary results. However, there are also shortcomings and deficiencies in accuracy, supply and effectiveness. Looking at the current situation, it is suggested to promote mechanism construction, increase skill training, develop training standards, improve supporting measures, establish expert committees and other reform ideas, and explore and implement a new model of degree education connection.

Construction and practice of the postgraduate curriculum system of reproductive genetics in obstetrics and gynecology / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Objective:To summarize the construction and practice of the compulsory postgraduate course "reproductive genetics in gynecology and obstetrics" in Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Peking University, and to evaluate the teaching effect of this course.Methods:A total of 139 postgraduates who studied in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University, from 2019 to 2021 were enrolled as subjects, and a syllabus was constructed through a top-level design based on the "biological-psychological-social medicine pattern", with the teaching objectives of reproductive genetics theory, clinical translation, genetic counseling methods, and research advances. The teaching effect was evaluated by analyzing teaching assessment results, teaching evaluation feedback, and teaching achievements. SPSS 26.0 software was used to perform the t-test and the chi-square test. Results:The written test score, usual performance score, and total score of the postgraduate students in 2021 were higher than those in 2019 and 2020 [(73.50±8.19) vs. (70.94±14.90); (68.60±2.82) vs. (68.22±4.58); (90.58±4.18) vs. (89.49±7.60)], with significant differences in written test score and total score ( P<0.05). There was a high degree of satisfaction with the feedback of teaching, and 85.61% (119/139) of the students selected "great satisfaction"; in particular, there were increases in the degree of satisfaction with expanding research ideas and reflecting the advances in this discipline, but with no significant difference. There was a significant increase in the number of published articles. Conclusion:For the active implementation of the course of "Reproductive Genetics in Obstetrics and Gynecology", improving the teaching process in a planned and step-by-step way through a top-level design in advance can help to expand research ideas for future research work among postgraduates in obstetrics and gynecology and promote the sustainable development and improvement of the teaching of the emerging interdisciplinary discipline of reproductive genetics in obstetrics and gynecology.