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Resumen Introducción : La sarcopenia es un problema de salud mundial, actualmente existen varios criterios para su diagnóstico y se recomienda la implementación de valo res de corte propios para cada población. El objetivo fue evaluar la fuerza de prensión palmar (FPP), en mujeres postmenopáusicas de Buenos Aires y establecer un valor de corte para nuestra población. Métodos : Se evaluaron 704 mujeres ≥50 años, quienes respondieron un cuestionario sobre riesgo de osteoporo sis y se tomó la FPP. Se excluyeron aquellas con artritis o dolor en las manos, quedando 678 mujeres para el análisis. Se seleccionó una subpoblación de 148 mujeres sanas para definir el valor mínimo normal de la FPP de nuestra población. Resultados : La FPP fue de 20.44 ± 5.19 kg, con una disminución significativa a partir de los 70 años. La FPP en el grupo de mujeres sanas fue de 22.08 ± 5.13 kg. Y se estableció el valor de corte de 17.5 kg en nuestra población (primer quintil). El 28.6% de la población total presentaban FPP disminuida y alcanzaba a un 53.7% en las mujeres >80 años. La FPP <17.5 kg se asoció con un incremento del 67% del riesgo de caídas en el grupo total de mujeres >50 años. Discusión : La FPP constituye una herramienta sen cilla y de fácil implementación en la práctica clínica del consultorio y es considerada el primer paso para el diagnóstico de sarcopenia. El valor de corte de FPP <17.5 kg podría ser utilizado para la evaluación de sarcopenia en mujeres >50 años de Buenos Aires.
Abstract Introduction : Sarcopenia is a global health problem, there are currently several criteria for its diagnosis and the implementation of its own cut-off values for each population is recommended. The objective was to evaluate the handgrip strength (HG) in postmenopausal women from Buenos Aires and establish a cut-off value. Methods : A total of 704 women ≥50 years of age were evaluated, who answered a questionnaire on osteoporo sis risk and HG was taken. Those with arthritis or pain in the hands were excluded, leaving 678 women for analysis. A subpopulation of 148 healthy women was selected to define the minimum normal value of the HG of our population. Results : The HG was 20.44 ± 5.19 kg, with a significant decrease in values after 70 years. The HG in the group of healthy women was 22.08 ± 5.13 kg. And the cut-off value of 17.5 kg was established in our population (first quintile). 28.6% of the total population presented decreased HG and reached 53.7% in women >80 years. HG <17.5 kg was associated with a 67% increased risk of falls in the total group of women >50 years. Discussion : The HG is a simple tool that is easy to implement in clinical practice and is considered the first step for the diagnosis of sarcopenia. The cut-off value of HG <17.5 kg could be used for the evaluation of sar copenia in women >50 years of Buenos Aires.
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Background: Menopause is a natural biological process that ends a woman's reproductive years. The typical age range is 45 to 55 years old, with an average age of approximately 51. In addition to symptoms including mood swings, hot flashes, nocturnal sweats, dry vagina, and disrupted sleep, women can face a variety of issues, including irregular menstrual periods. The purpose of the study was to identify the menopause-related health promotion behaviours among post-menopausal women.Methods: Descriptive survey design was used for this study. One-stage cluster probability sampling was used for the selection of 108 post-menopausal women. After getting consent from the participants data was collected through an interview schedule and a health promotion behaviour assessment tool. The Institutional Ethics Committee granted ethical clearance before the study began. Before data was collected, each participant gave their written informed consent.Results: Out of 108 participants, 51.8% of them followed good dietary habits, 26.8% engaged in exercises daily and those who practiced stress reduction measures like yoga, and meditation were 23.1%.Conclusions: The study results show that menopausal women are unaware of the health promotion behaviours that should be adopted in managing menopausal problems. This provides evidence for giving importance to menopausal problems and related health promotion behaviours.
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Background: AUB accounts for 70% of gynecological pathology. Prevalence of AUB is 3%-30% among reproductive aged women. Early diagnosis by endometrial biopsy is the most effective way to rule out malignancy in peri-menopausal women with AUB. TVS can be used as an aided diagnostic tool. Aims and objectives of this study is to evaluate endometrial causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women and to correlate transvaginal sonography findings with histopathology by endometrial biopsy.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 80 perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding. Uterine pathology, endometrial thickness, was assessed by TVS. Endometrium was considered hyperplastic if thickness is ?10 mm in perimenopausal women and was taken up for endometrial sampling. Endometrial biopsy by Pipelle’s curette was done as an outpatient procedure and sent for HPE.Results: Total of 80 women with perimenopausal bleeding were examined during the study. Majority of the patients with AUB presented in 40-44 years age group and belonged to second parity. As per the TVS findings, 42 (52.5%) subjects had normal findings, 25 (31.3%) showed endometrial hyperplasia and remaining had other benign uterine pathology. Majority of women had ET 10 mm. The most common finding on histopathological examination was Proliferative endometrium.Conclusions: Trans vaginal scan when incorporated along with bimanual pelvic examination and Pipelle’s aspiration can enhance our anatomic diagnosis. This study proves that transvaginal findings correlate well with the histopathology findings.
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Background: Assessment of postmenopausal women with red flag signs like postmenopausal bleeding/ endometrial thickness ?5 mm is needed for early detection of any pathology. Early-stage endometrial cancer detection through office hysteroscopy is one of crucial modality for effective management. Objective was to assess the outcome of office hysteroscopy in postmenopausal women with red flag sign and correlated with histopathology findings. Methods: A prospective observational study at a single facility in Northern Ireland involving 122 post-menopausal women aged ?45 years subjected to AUB/increased endometrial thickness. Advance diagnostic examination by office hysteroscopy followed by histopathology to detect and rule out endometrial cancer and related ailments.Results: The mean age of the study population was 63.07±10.317 SD years and 91.8% were over-weight. 71.3% women had endometrial thickness <5 mm. Hysteroscopic reported for 8.2% (10 cases) endometrial cancers having diagnostic accuracy of 98.36%. The histological and hysteroscopic diagnoses were having significantly similar outcomes. Office hysteroscopy has 100% specificity and positive predictive value in detecting normal endometrium whereas 98.25% specificity and 100% negative predictive value in case for cancer detection.Conclusions: In Irish women, office hysteroscopy proved helpful in determining the pathologies that cause postmenopausal bleeding. Correlating hysteroscopic and histological findings with red flag indications should be the focus of future explorations.
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OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of terlipatide and bisphosphate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis fractures through a Meta-analysis. METHODS:By searching PubMed,Cochrane Library,EMbase,CNKI,WanFang and VIP databases,18 randomized controlled studies on terlipatide and bisphosphate in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis fractures were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria.Endnote X9 software was used to manage the literature and Revman 5.3 software was used to perform a Meta-analysis on the extracted data.The incidences of vertebral fracture,non-vertebral fracture and adverse reaction in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients treated with terlipatide and bisphosphate were analyzed. RESULTS:A total of 18 randomized controlled studies were included,of which 10 were of medium and high quality and 8 were of low quality.Meta-analysis results showed that the fracture incidence in the teriparatide group[risk ratio(RR)=0.56,95%confidence interval(CI):0.48-0.66,P＜0.000 01]was lower than that in the bisphosphonate group,and teriparatide was superior to alendronate in preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis(RR=0.50,95%CI:0.35-0.69,P＜0.000 1)and other bisphosphonates(RR=0.58,95%CI:0.49-0.70,P＜0.000 01).During the follow-up over 18 months,teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in preventing fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis(RR=0.56,95%CI:0.48-0.69,P＜0.000 01).In addition,we found that teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral fractures(RR=0.48,95%CI:0.37-0.62,P＜0.000 01)and non-vertebral fractures(RR=0.63,95%CI:0.51-0.78,P＜0.000 1)in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.Teriparatide was superior to bisphosphonates in increasing lumbar bone density[odds ratio=4.16,95%CI:2.96-5.36,P＜0.000 1)and femoral neck bone density(odds ratio=1.02,95%CI:0.04-2.01,P=0.04).There was no significant difference in adverse reactions between teriparatide and bisphosphonates(RR=0.95,95%CI:0.85,1.06,P=0.37). CONCLUSION:Teriparatide is superior to bisphosphonates in preventing vertebral and non-vertebral fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis,but the safety and adverse drug reactions of teriparatide and bisphosphonates are basically similar.Teriparatide is superior to bisphosphonate in preventing fracture and improving lumbar and femoral neck bone density regardless of short-term(＜18 months)or long-term(≥18 months)use.
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BACKGROUND:The specific mechanism of Gushukang,as a Chinese traditional patent medicine for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis of kidney deficiency and blood stasis,needs further studies. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of Gushukang on serum sex hormones,bone microstructure and estrogen receptor in postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS:Firstly,network pharmacological analysis was performed.The active ingredients and action targets of Gushukang and the targets of postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained respectively.Cytoscape was used to construct the active ingredient-target network.STRING database and Cytoscape were used for protein-protein interaction analysis and screening of core targets.DAVID database was used for Gene Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)enrichment analyses of intersection targets.Then the ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the animal experiment.Gushukang was administered by gavage for 3 months.The serum estrogen level was detected by ELISA,the bone microstructure was detected by microCT,and the protein expression of estrogen receptor α and estrogen receptor β in bone tiusse was detected by western blot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The network pharmacological research results identified 132 active ingredients and 150 targets of Gushukang and 1155 targets of postmenopausal osteoporosis.After intersections with 1155 postmenopausal osteoporosis targets,87 targets of active ingredients of Gushukang against postmenopausal osteoporosis were obtained.By constructing the active ingredient-target network,it was found that the active ingredients at the core were quercetin,kaempferol,luteolin,naringin and isorhamnetin,and the targets at the core were NCOA2,ESR2,AR,F2,ESR1 and PTGS1.The final targets obtained after the protein-protein interaction analysis and screening included MAPK8,ESR1,JUN,R3C1,RELA and FOS,of which ESR1 was the common core target obtained from the two analyses.KEGG enrichment analysis showed estrogen,tumor necrosis factor,apoptosis and other signaling pathways.Therefore,animal experiments focused on the effect of Gushukang on different subtypes of estrogen receptors in the estrogen signaling pathway.The results showed that in the Gushukang group,bone microstructure was significantly improved,serum estrogen level had no significant change,but the protein expression of estrogen receptor α and β in bone tissue was significantly increased.All the findings indicate that the mechanism of Gushukang in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis may be related to its hormone-like effect and the enhancement of estrogen receptor expression.
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BACKGROUND:In recent years,research on the interaction mechanism between the immune system and the skeleton in postmenopausal osteoporosis has become a hot topic.However,the impact of changes in key immune-related cytokine expression on postmenopausal osteoporosis remains unclear and requires further exploration. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the differential expression of immune-related cytokines in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of mice with postmenopausal osteoporosis by bioinformatics methods. METHODS:Postmenopausal osteoporosis mouse model was established through ovariectomy.Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were obtained by the whole bone marrow adherence method and passaged to passage 2.RayBio L-Series Mouse Antibody Array 308 Glass Slide Kit immune-related factor antibody chip was used to detect the differentially expressed proteins in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from ovariectomy and sham-operation mice.Gene ontology,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analysis,and protein-protein interaction network analysis were performed to screen common Hub genes by MCC,EPC,and MNC algorithms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:This study identified a total of 68 differentially expressed genes.Gene ontology analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were enriched in terms including"immune system processes","extracellular regions",and"signal receptor binding".Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in"cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions","tumor necrosis factor signaling pathways",and"chemokine signaling pathways".Further screening was performed by constructing a protein-protein interaction network analysis of these 68 differentially expressed genes to identify 8 Hub genes.The violin plot and correlation matrix showed that the expression levels of these 8 Hub genes were significantly down-regulated in the ovariectomy group compared to the sham-operation group.These results demonstrated that there was differential expression of immune-related factors in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of postmenopausal osteoporosis mice,and key genes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions,immune system-related processes,and potential targeted signaling pathways and cellular biological processes were identified,providing new promising targets for the diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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BACKGROUND:Punicalagin has a wide range of effects and high safety,but its effect on osteoblasts and postmenopausal osteoporosis is unknown. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of punicalagin on osteoblasts and postmenopausal osteoporosis. METHODS:The effect of punicalagin on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells was detected.Punicalagin was added to the osteogenic induction medium to detect its effect on osteogenic differentiation.Punicalagin was used to treat ovariectomized rats and Micro CT scan and serum procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide test were performed after 3 months to detect the therapeutic effect. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Cell counting kit-8 assay showed that punicalagin could promote the proliferation of osteoblasts(P＜0.05).The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that punicalagin could promote the mRNA and protein expressions of alkaline phosphatase and Runx2 in osteoblasts(P＜0.05).The results of Micro CT scan and serological test showed that punicalagin could improve bone mineral density,bone volume fraction,trabecular thickness,trabecular number and procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide level of ovariectomized rats.To conclude,punicalagin can promote osteoblast proliferation and differentiation,and have therapeutic effects in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats.
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BACKGROUND:Ferroptosis and pyroptosis may play a role in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis.There may be relevant biomarkers for the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE:To search for the key genes related to ferroptosis and pyroptosis in postmenopausal osteoporosis using bioinformatics so as to further elucidate their biological mechanisms. METHODS:The data sets GSE56815 and GSE7429 of postmenopausal osteoporosis were downloaded from the GEO database,the national comprehensive gene expression database of the United States,and the two data sets were preprocessed.The differential expression analysis of the data was carried out by the limma package of R software,and the enrichment analysis was performed by DIVID and KOBAS.The protein-protein interaction network was mapped by STRING and Cytoscape,the Hub gene was selected by CytoHubba,and the key genes were screened by the ferroptosis database and pyroptosis database.The CIBERSORT package was used to determine the immune infiltration of postmenopausal osteoporosis samples and to analyze the correlation between key genes and immune cells RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 30 differential genes of postmenopausal osteoporosis were screened in the experimental samples,of which 9 genes were up-regulated and 21 genes were down-regulated.The enrichment of GO and KEGG pathways showed that the differences were mainly in"serine-type endopeptidase activity,""innate immune response,""special particle lumen,"and"renin secretion."The protein-protein interaction network showed the correlation of differential genes and the top 10 Hub genes with"Degree"value were selected using CytoHubba.Hub gene was intersected with the FerrDb database and cell pyroptosis dataset to obtain key genes ELANE and LCN2.Receiver operating characteristic curve and box diagram showed that the expression of ELANE and LCN2 in serum samples of postmenopausal osteoporosis was significantly lower than that in normal samples,indicating a good diagnostic value.Immune infiltration analysis showed that ELANE may be related to memory resting CD4+ T cells,M0 and M2 macrophages.LCN2 may be related to M0 macrophages.
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BACKGROUND:Resistance training and weight-bearing exercise are recommended modes for patients with osteoporosis to improve bone health.High-intensity interval training is a high-impact weight-bearing exercise with obvious time-efficient characteristics;however,little attention has been paid to its impact on bones. OBJECTIVE:To observe the effect of high-intensity interval training on the bone health of ovariectomized rat models. METHODS:Thirty-six female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group,model group and model exercise group(n=12 per group).Bilateral ovariectomy was used to prepare an osteoporosis rat model in the latter two groups.Six weeks after modeling,the model exercise group was subjected to a high-intensity interval training on an electric treadmill at 90%peak running speed for 2 minutes and 50%peak running speed for 1 minute as one session,a total of nine sessions,3 days per week,for 6 weeks.Rats in the sham and model groups were raised quietly in the mouse cage during the same period.The relevant indexes were tested 48-72 hours after the final training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the sham group,bone mineral density,maximal load,stiffness,elasticity,trabecular volume fraction,and trabecular number decreased(P<0.05),while trabecular separation increased(P<0.05);the level of irisin in the serum,gastrocnemius and femur decreased(P<0.05);the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein and fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 mRNA and protein in the gastrocnemius muscle decreased(P<0.05);the expression of type I collagen,Osterix,and Runx2 mRNA in the femur decreased(P<0.05);and the expression of anti-tartrate acid phosphatase,receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand,and osteoclast-associated receptor mRNA increased in the model group(P<0.05).Compared with the model group,bone mineral density,fracture load,maximal load,stiffness,elasticity,average trabecular thickness,and trabecular number increased(P<0.05),and trabecular separation decreased(P<0.05);the level of irisin in the serum,gastrocnemius and femur increased(P<0.05);the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α protein and fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5 mRNA and protein in gastrocnemius increased(P<0.05);the expression of type I collagen,Osterix,and Runx2 mRNA in the femur increased(P<0.05);and the expression of anti-tartrate acid phosphatase,receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand,and osteoclast-associated receptor mRNA decreased in the model exercise group(P<0.05).To conclude,short-term high-intensity interval training may improve bone health of ovariectomized rats through up-regulating the irisin level.
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BACKGROUND:Bibliometrics and visual analyses based on thematic literature are particularly important for understanding the foundation and frontiers of postmenopausal osteoporosis research. OBJECTIVE:To perform bibliometric,citation,and visualization analyses of highly cited SCI papers in postmenopausal osteoporosis research over the last 20 years. METHODS:The top 100 highly cited papers on postmenopausal osteoporosis published between 2003 and 2022 included in SCI-EXPANDED catalog of the Web of Science database were obtained for bibliometric measure and visual analysis using CiteSpace software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The top 100 highly cited papers have a total of 67 377 citations in the Web of Science Core Collection,with an annual average of 49.17 citations per paper.Postmenopausal osteoporosis research primarily involves medical,engineering,biological,and multidisciplinary fields.The subcategories are dominated by endocrinology and metabolism,and medicine:internal medicine.Stable and close cooperative network relationships have been formed globally.United States,University of California System,Cummings,and Steven R are the country,research institution,and author,respectively,with the most highly-cited publications.The frontiers of postmenopausal osteoporosis research mainly include calcium and vitamin D supplementation and fracture risk,clinical studies of bisphosphonates in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis,atypical femur fracture,clinical studies of new drugs and sequential treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis,predictors of fracture risk,mid-and long-term follow-up of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures,genetic polymorphisms and hereditary factors,formulation and updating of clinical practice guidelines for postmenopausal osteoporosis.Large cohort studies,high-quality randomized controlled trials,systematic reviews,meta-analyses,and clinical practice guidelines are the great engines that drive the development of clinical research in postmenopausal osteoporosis.We should make efforts in the above areas to improve China's international influence in the field of osteoporosis.
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Objective:To investigate the diagnosis of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry(DXA)for osteoporosis(OP)of postmenopausal patients with rheumatoid arthritis(RA)in Qinghai region and the risk factors of them.Methods:A total of 200 postmenopausal female RA patients who admitted to Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2022 to April 2023 were selected.All patients were tested for bone mineral density(BMD)after admission,and lumbar spines L1-L4,whole lumbar,large trochanter,Ward's triangle area,whole body and whole forearm were measured by DXA.According to the results of BMD test,patients whose BMD T values of all body parts-2.5 SD were less or equal to-2.5 were included in the OP group(121 cases),and patients whose BMD T value of all body parts were larger than-2.5 SD were included in the non-OP group(79 cases).The BMD T value of different body parts between two groups of RA patients were compared and analyzed.The area under curve(AUC)of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of BMD T value for OP.The logistic regression method was adopted to analyze the risk factors that postmenopausal RA patients of Qinghai region occurred OP.Results:The BMD T values of L1,L2,L3,L4,whole lumbar,large trochanter,Ward's triangular area,whole body and whole forearm of OP group were obviously lower than those of the non-OP group.In analysis of ROC curve,the sensitivities of BMD T values of L1,L2,L3,L4,whole lumbar,large trochanter,Ward's triangle area,whole body and forearm were respectively 96.20%,95.22%,90.16%,96.03%,92.01%,89.36%,99.26%,90.02% and 96.03% in diagnosing OP,and the specificities of them were respectively 81.00%,82.19%,85.22%,83.06%,83.06%,90.22%,80.06%,86.23%,83.09%,and the AUC values of them were respectively 0.908,0.905,0.896,0.906,0.903,0.879,0.918,0.901 and 0.906.The results of the logistic-regression analysis showed that advanced age,long disease course,rheumatic activity scores of 28 joints,erythrocyte sedimentation rate and Calcium supplementation were the risk factors of occurring OP in postmenopausal RA patients in Qinghai region.Conclusion:The DXA method that detects BMD of RA patients who occur OP can be used as gold standard to assess OP,and there are many risk factors that affect the occurrence of OP in postmenopausal RA patients of Qinghai region.The clinical work should combine with relative factors to formulate reasonable measure so as to reduce the incidence of OP.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between fat distribution and the composite indices of femoral neck strength in obese postmenopausal women.Methods:A total of 293 postmenopausal women with non-low body weight were selected, laboratory tests, body composition analyzer test and double-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan were performed. Based on the body mass index(BMI), they were divided into three groups, the normal BMI group(18.5 kg/m 2≤BMI<24.0 kg/m 2, n=91), the overweight group(24.0 kg/m 2≤BMI<28.0 kg/m 2, n=115), and the obese group(BMI≥28.0 kg/m 2, n=87). The measurement results were analyzed. Results:In the obese group, bone mineral density(BMD) of all sites was higher than that in the normal BMI group and overweight group( P<0.005), compression strength index(CSI), bending strength index(BSI), and impact strength index(ISI) were significantly lower than those in the normal BMI group( P<0.001, P=0.008, P=0.001). In the obese group, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, total fat mass, appendicular fat mass, and trunk fat mass were risk factors for CSI, BSI and ISI independent of age, fasting blood glucose, and BMI( P<0.05). Visceral fat grade and Chinese visceral adiposity fat index were the risk factors for CSI, BSI, and ISI( P<0.05). Conclusion:The composite indices of femoral neck strength decreased in obese postmenopausal women, and both subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were negatively associated with the composite indices of femoral neck strength.
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[Objective]To explore the intervention effect of β-sitosterol,an effective monomer component of Eucommia ulmoides,on postmenopausal osteoporosis in mice and its potential mechanism.[Methods]Twenty-four female C57BL/6J mice of 12 weeks old were randomly divided into sham operation group,model group and β-sitosterol intervention group,with 8 mice in each group.The model of postmenopausal osteoporosis was established by bilateral ovariectomy.Mice in sham group and model group were given 0.9％sodium chloride solution and β-sitosterol intervention group was given β-sitosterol.Eight weeks after operation,all the mice were sacrificed and samples were collected.Micro-computed tomography(Micro-CT)was used to observe the protective effect of the β-sitosterol intervention on postmenopausal bone loss and trabecular bone breakage.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to analyze the bone histomorphology of the distal femur.The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase(TRAP)staining and the alkaline phosphatase(ALP)staining were used to evaluate bone resorption and bone formation respectively.Then the expression level of β-catenin in each group was detected by immunohistochemistry.[Results]Micro-CT scanning showed that β-sitosterol could reduce bone loss and bone microstructure destruction in postmenopausal mice.HE staining also confirmed that β-sitosterol could effectively maintain the number and morphology of trabecular bone and inhibit abnormal fat accumulation caused by estrogen deficiency.TRAP staining also showed that β-sitosterol treatment did not affect osteoclast formation,while immunohistochemical results showed that β-sitosterol could significantly promote the expression of osteogenic marker ALP.Moreover,β-sitosterol can increase the expression of β-catenin in the distal femur to promote bone formation.[Conclusion]β-sitosterol treatment could enhance osteogenic differentiation and promote bone formation to relieve postmenopausal osteoporosis by upregulating β-catenin expression in vivo.
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ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanism of Osteoking （OK） on postmenopausal osteoporosis （PMOP）. MethodForty adult female mice were randomly divided into a sham operation （Sham） group， osteoporosis model （OVX） group， estradiol intervention （E2） group， and OK group， with 10 mice in each group. The modeling was completed by conventional back double incision ovariectomy， and the corresponding drugs were given one week later. After 12 weeks， the body mass and uterine index of mice were measured， and the pathological changes of bone tissue and the number of osteoclasts （OCs） were determined by hematoxylin-eosin （HE） and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase （TRAP） staining， respectively. Bone mineral density （BMD）， trabecular number （Tb.N）， trabecular separation （Tb.Sp）， and bone volume fraction （BV/TV） were measured by microcomputed tomography （Micro-CT）. The maximum load of the femur was detected by a three-point bending test. The contents of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and bone resorption marker C-terminal telopeptide of type Ⅰ collagen （CTX-1） were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The protein expression levels of nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （NF-κB p65）， phosphorylated nuclear factor-kappa B p65 （p-NF-κB p65）， nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor alpha （IκBα）， phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa B alpha （p-IκBα）， nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 （NFATc1）， and proto-oncogene （c-Fos） were detected by Western blot. The mRNA expressions of OCs-related specific genes matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9）， NFATc1， TRAP， cathepsin K （CTSK）， and c-Fos were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultCompared with the Sham group， the uterine index decreased significantly in the OVX group， and the body mass （BMI） increased significantly. The structure of bone trabeculae was completely damaged， and the number of OCs increased. BMD， Tb.N， BV/TV， and maximum load decreased， while Tb.Sp was up-regulated. The levels of TNF-α and CTX-1 in serum were up-regulated. The protein expressions of c-Fos， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， NFATc1， and p-IκBα/IκBα were increased. The mRNA expressions of NFATc1， c-Fos， CTSK， TRAP， and MMP-9 were up-regulated （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the OVX group， the body mass of the OK and E2 groups decreased， and the uterine index increased. The bone trabeculae increased， and the number of OCs decreased. BMD， Tb.N， BV/TV， and maximum load increased， while Tb.Sp decreased. The levels of TNF-α and CTX-1 in serum were decreased. The protein expressions of c-Fos， p-NF-κB p65/NF-κB p65， NFATc1， and p-IκBα/IκBα were decreased， and the mRNA expressions of NFATc1， c-Fos， CTSK， TRAP， and MMP-9 were decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionOK can inhibit the NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling pathway and reduce bone mass loss by reducing the level of inflammatory injury factors in PMOP mice， which is one of the mechanisms for treating PMOP.
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Objectives:To investigate the impact of baseline non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(non-HDL-C)levels on new-onset cardiovascular disease(CVD)in postmenopausal women. Methods:This prospective cohort study selected 8 893 postmenopausal women who participated from 2006 to 2018 employee health examination of Kailuan Group and had complete total cholesterol(TC)and HDL-C data and no history of CVD.Participants were followed up to 31 December,2021.The primary endpoint was the occurrence of CVD or death.According to the Chinese Lipid Management Guidelines(2023),the participants were divided into non-HDL-C<4.1 mmol/L group(n=6 079),4.1 mmol/L≤non-HDL-C<4.9 mmol/L group(n=1 824)and non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L group(n=990).The cumulative incidence of CVD in different groups of non-HDL-C levels was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and tested by log-rank analysis.Multivariate Cox regression model was used to analyze the effects of different non-HDL-C levels on CVD. Results:The mean follow-up time was(10.78±4.48)years,the cumulative incidence of CVD in different non-HDL-C level groups was 1.82%,3.24%and 2.89%,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a statistically significant difference in cumulative incidence among the three groups(log-rank P<0.0001).The results of Cox regression analysis showed that after adjusting for confounding factors such as age and sex,the HR(95%CI)values for CVD in the 4.1≤non-HDL-C<4.9 mmol/L group and the non-HDL-C≥4.9 mmol/L group were 1.40(1.13-1.74)and 1.35(1.03-1.78),respectively. Conclusions:High non-HDL-C levels are an independent risk factor for new-onset CVD in postmenopausal women.
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Background: Yogic practices are beneficial for overall health and well-being, and they can potentially play a supportive role in the prevention and management of diabetes mellitus (DM) and reduce cardiovascular complications. While it is important to note that yoga should not be considered a standalone treatment for diabetes, it can be a complementary approach incorporated into a comprehensive treatment plan. This study assessed metabolic markers and wellness scores of post-menopausal diabetes patients to compare the benefits of yoga and therapy. Methods: The study recruited 15 female patients aged 36 to 63 who received medical treatment for type 2 DM at AIMSR. The patients were selected using an accidental sampling method. All participants provided informed consent to participate in the study. Among the recruited patients, 11 were post-menopausal for more than a year, and four were peri-menopausal. The study was designed pre- and post-intervention to assess changes in biochemical markers and subjective well-being.Results: The statistical analysis used the student’s t-test for paired samples. Using the paired t-test and accepting p-values less than 0.05 as statistically significant, the study aimed to determine if significant differences in the measured parameters existed before and after the intervention. The study findings suggest that yoga training resulted in decreased FBG significantly (P=0.0035) by 20.62%, PPBG also decreased significantly (P=0.0012) by 14.52%, and HDL increased significantly (P=0.022). There was a significant (P=0.003) decrease of 17.37% in the TC/HDL ratio and a significant (P=0.016) increase of 19.13% in the HDL/LDL ratio.Conclusion: In post-menopausal diabetes, a six-week yoga and physical therapy training program improves lipid profiles and blood sugar levels. Incorporating a comprehensive yoga and physical therapy treatment program into a successful complementary or integrative therapy program may improve the standard medical care for diabetes mellitus.
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Background: Menopause is a normal mechanism which takes part in every woman’s life. However, the awareness regarding menopause has to be highlighted effectively. Aim of this study was to assess the incidence and frequency of oral symptoms in postmenopausal women as well as to assess the level of awareness of menopause in women. Methods: A hospital-based study using a 60-item questionnaire was conducted on postmenopausal women with age range of 35-70 years for a period of three months. Statistical analyses were performed. Results on continuous measurements were presented on Mean±SD. Descriptive statistics with frequency and percentage were computed. Results: A total of 650 responses were received. In the present study, the mean age of menopause was 54 years. The most prevalent general symptoms reported were tiredness (89.8%), joint pains (89.7%) and irritability (76.5%). The most common oral manifestations of menopause were dryness of mouth (57.1%), altered taste (26.3%) and cracked corners of mouth (25.8%). About 39.8% of postmenopausal women had poor KAP score followed by 34.6% who had an average score while 18.3% had a good score and only 7.2% had scored excellent. Conclusions: Our study showed that the occurrence of classical menopausal symptoms of sweating and hot flushes was lesser in comparison to previous studies on Asian women. The increased incidence of dry mouth could lead to a rise in oral diseases. Moreover, a majority of postmenopausal women had a poor KAP score which showed that the awareness towards menopause needs to be increased.
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Background: In the Postmenopausal phase, there is a drastic reduction in estrogen levels which may alter tendon metabolism and production of different growth factors, resulting in chronic tendon disorders or tendon rupture. Achilles tendinopathy predominantly affects athletes, but it may also impact individuals with sedentary lifestyles, especially women in their postmenopausal stage. We studied the effectiveness of eccentric exercise training on chronic Achilles tendinopathy in postmenopausal women. Methods: 31 females (aged 45-60, average age 51, BMI 27.6 ± 4.7, range 22.9- 32.3) in their postmenopausal phase with clinical diagnosis of chronic unilateral Achilles tendinopathy both insertional and mid-portion were assessed for pain and functional outcomes with VAS (on rest and on activity ) and VISA-A questionnaire before commencing the exercise and after completion of the training after a duration of 4 weeks. Results: Participants showed an acute improvement in pain on rest and activity and the VISA-A score post-intervention. There was no significant difference in the pre- and post-score on the VAS scale and the VISA- Questionnaire. The mean VAS scale score on rest was 3.580 pre-intervention and 2.903 post-intervention, while the VAS scale score (on activity) was 7.451 pre-intervention which reduced to 6.096 post-intervention. The mean VISA-A score pre-intervention was 39.80, and post-intervention was 46.35.Conclusion: Postmenopausal women suffering from chronic Achilles tendinopathy showed a significant result through training with an eccentric exercise program
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Background: Vitamin D is important for skeletal integrity and optimal muscle function. The high incidence and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and pelvic organ prolapse have been found in postmenopausal women, raising the question of whether the entities are related. The aim of the study was to evaluation between vitamin D level and pelvic organ prolapse in post-menopausal women.Methods: This case control study has been designed and conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, BSMMU to investigate the level of vitamin D in patients with and without pelvic organ prolapse to explore the association of vitamin D with pelvic organ prolapse. After taking informed written consent the serum vitamin D level of all participants was measured by CMIA technology with flexible assay protocols at Biochemistry and Molecular Biology department of the same institute. Statistical analysis of the results was obtained by using window-based computer software devised with Statistical Packages for Social Sciences (SPSS-24).Results: The study population was divided into two groups, a case group (n=74) consisting of patients with pelvic organ prolapse and a control group (n=74) comprising of women without pelvic organ prolapse. A total 148 participants of 52 years or older attending the out or inpatient department were enrolled in the study. Mean±SD level of Vitamin D in the case group was 13.96±5.18 ng/ml and in the control, group was 21.08±5.77 ng/ml respectively. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Moreover, the vitamin D levels were inversely proportionate with the severity of pelvic organ prolapse.Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency may be an important systemic factor associated with pelvic organ prolapse. Measuring vitamin D levels in postmenopausal women and replenishing deficiencies may also be important for the pelvic floor.