Abriendo puertas para la vida: Programa de prevención de conductas suicidas a través de docentes Gatekeepers / Opening doors to life: A suicidal behavior prevention program involving Gatekeeper teachers / Abrindo portas para a vida: Programa de prevenção ao comportamento suicida por meio de professores Gatekeepers

Introducción: El suicidio es la tercera causa de muerte de jóvenes entre 15 y 19 años. Ante esto, los ambientes escolares pueden favorecer el fomento de la salud mental de los adolescentes, permitir la identificación temprana de factores de riesgo y aportar en la prevención de conductas suicidas. Una de las estrategias de prevención es el entrenamiento de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar el efecto del programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" sobre conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas en prevención de conductas suicidas en un grupo de profesores de secundaria de una institución educativa de San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio preexperimental, con un grupo de intervención y medidas pre y pos-seguimiento. Participaron nueve docentes voluntarios durante dos jornadas de formación. Resultados: Se identificaron cambios positivos en conocimientos, actitudes y prácticas de los participantes entre pretest y postest, en la mayoría de las subdimensiones evaluadas; sin embargo, tres años después, estos cambios se mantuvieron tan solo en conocimientos sobre las conductas suicidas y en actitudes hacia la prevención. Conclusión: El programa "Abriendo Puertas para la Vida" evidenció efectividad y pertinencia, sin embargo, el mantenimiento de sus efectos requiere de acciones de seguimiento y acompañamiento a los docentes formados.

Introduction: Suicide is the third cause of death in young people aged between 15 to 19 years. Thus, school environments can promote mental health of adolescents through early identification of risk factors and prevention of suicidal behaviors. One prevention strategy is the training of "gatekeepers". Objective: To determine the impact of the "Opening Doors to Life" program on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding prevention of suicidal behavior in a set of high school teachers from an educational institution in San Juan de Pasto, Colombia. Materials and methods: A pre-experimental study with an intervention group and pre- and post-follow-up measurements. Nine volunteer teachers participated during two training sessions. Results: Positive changes regarding knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the participants during pretest and posttest were observed for the majority of evaluated sub-dimensions. However, after three years, the positive measures prevailed only for knowledge about suicidal behavior and attitudes toward prevention. Conclusion: The "Opening Doors to Life" program showed effectiveness and relevance. However, maintaining its impact requires follow-up actions and support of trained teachers.

Introdução: O suicídio é a terceira causa de morte de jovens entre 15 e 19 anos. Diante disso, os ambientes escolares podem promover a promoção da saúde mental em adolescentes, permitir a identificação precoce de fatores de risco e contribuir para a prevenção do comportamento suicida. Uma das estratégias de prevenção é a formação de "gatekeepers". Objetivo: Determinar o efeito do programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas na prevenção do comportamento suicida em um grupo de professores do ensino médio de uma instituição educacional em San Juan de Pasto, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo pré-experimental, com grupo de intervenção e medidas pré e pós-acompanhamento. Nove professores voluntários participaram durante dois dias de treinamento. Resultados: Foram identificadas mudanças positivas nos conhecimentos, atitudes e práticas dos participantes entre o pré-teste e o pós-teste, na maioria das subdimensões avaliadas; porém, três anos depois, essas mudanças se mantiveram apenas no conhecimento sobre comportamentos suicidas e atitudes frente à prevenção. Conclusão: O programa "Abrindo Portas para a Vida" mostrou efetividade e relevância, porém, a manutenção de seus efeitos requer ações de acompanhamento e apoio a professores capacitados.

Percepção dos pais de crianças submetidas a procedimento cirúrgico eletivo: da descoberta ao tratamento cirúrgico / Parents perception regarding children who underwent elective surgery: from discovery to surgical treatment

RESUMO Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever a percepção dos pais acerca da trajetória do paciente cirúrgico pediátrico, desde o diagnóstico, indicação de cirurgia até sua realização, reconhecendo fatores que levaram ao atraso no atendimento. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo, descritivo, que inicialmente identificou, nos prontuários, as crianças encaminhadas em atraso para a idade para avaliação com o cirurgião. Identificaram-se 77/289 (26,6%) pacientes encaminhados em atraso. Após sorteio realizaram-se entrevistas, por telefone, com sete pais. Utilizou-se da análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática com a emergência de três categorias: dificuldades encontradas; atendimento na atenção primária; e da descoberta do problema à realização da cirurgia. Em referência à espera para atendimento pelos especialistas, observa-se excesso de demanda ante a menor oferta de consultas. A qualidade do atendimento recebido na atenção primária foi bem avaliada e a empatia das equipes foi elogiada. Os familiares reconheceram que a espera pelo atendimento era considerada normal e esteve dentro do esperado, e que, mesmo sendo longa, quando não se tratava de emergência, era considerada aceitável. Conclui-se que o atendimento recebido foi considerado como de qualidade. Em relação ao tempo de espera pela avaliação e cirurgia, a escassez de profissionais da especialidade e a falta de coordenação na rede de atenção primária podem ser considerados como pontos de dificuldade no itinerário percorrido.

ABSTRACT This study aims to describe parents' perception of pediatric surgical patient's trajectory, from diagnosis and indication for surgery to its completion, and to recognize factors that led to delays in care. This is a qualitative, descriptive study, which first identified in medical records children who were late referred for evaluation by the surgeon, and those responsible were randomly selected to be interviewed via telephone call. Content data analysis was carried out, thematic modality. Furthermore, 77/289 (26.6%)patients referred late were identified. Three thematic categories were listed: difficulties encountered; care in primary care; and from discovering the problem to performing surgery. Regarding the wait for the expert assessment, there is an excess of demand against a lower availability of appointments. A positive aspect was the quality of care received in primary care; the empathy of the teams was praised. Regarding the perception of time, family members considered the wait for care as normal and within expectations. Even when long, if it was not an emergency, it was considered acceptable. In conclusion, regarding the waiting time for evaluation and surgery, the lack of specialists and coordination of primary care may be pointed as difficulties during the course of care.

Counter-referral difficulties in an emergency care unit: impact of covid-19 / Dificultades de contrareferencia en una unidad de atención de emergencia: impacto del covid 19 / Dificuldades da contrarreferência em unidade de pronto atendimento: impacto da covid-19

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on counter-referral in an Emergency Care Unit. Method: a descriptive, qualitative study conducted with 13 health professionals. Data were collected through individual, semi-structured interviews and analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse technique. Results: five speeches were extracted from the interviews about the influence of the pandemic on counter-referral which reveal the difficulties in this process: before the pandemic, overcrowding of specific basic health units that were unable to absorb the population demand and a lack of professionals in teams stood out; the difficulty during the pandemic was in relation to prioritizing care for respiratory symptomatic patients in basic units and the use of communication technology in care and scheduling appointments; there is still difficulty in the transpandemic time in providing care in basic units and the consequent overload in the Emergency Care Unit. Conclusion: COVID-19 had a negative impact on implementing counter-referral with difficulties in logistics, resources and structure, represented by access for the general population, which was even more limited in basic units due to the pandemic.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir la influencia de la pandemia de COVID-19 en la contrarreferencia en una Unidad de Atención de Emergencia. Método: investigación descriptiva, cualitativa, realizada con 13 profesionales de la salud. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevistas individuales semiestructuradas y analizados mediante la técnica del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Resultados: de las entrevistas se extrajeron cinco discursos sobre la influencia de la pandemia en la contrarreferencia, que revelan las dificultades de este proceso: antes de la pandemia, la sobrepoblación de unidades básicas de salud específicas que no lograron absorber la demanda de la población y la falta de profesionales destacaron en equipos; durante la pandemia, la dificultad estuvo en relación con la priorización de la atención a pacientes sintomáticos respiratorios en unidades básicas y el uso de tecnologías de comunicación en la atención y programación de citas; en el momento de la transpandemia aún existe dificultad para brindar atención en las unidades básicas y la consecuente sobrecarga en la Unidad de Atención de Emergencias. Conclusión: El COVID-19 impactó negativamente en la implementación de la contrarreferencia con dificultades en logística, recursos y estructura, representadas en el acceso de la población en general, que quedó aún más limitado a las unidades básicas debido a la pandemia.

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever a influência da pandemia pela COVID-19 na contrarreferência em uma Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Método: pesquisa descritiva, qualitativa, realizada com 13 profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista individual, semiestruturada e analisados a partir da técnica do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: das entrevistas foram extraídos cinco discursos sobre a influência da pandemia na contrarreferência, os quais revelam as dificuldades nesse processo: antes da pandemia destacou-se a superlotação de unidades básicas de saúde específicas que não conseguiam absorver a demanda populacional e a falta de profissionais nas equipes; durante a pandemia a dificuldade foi em relação à priorização dos atendimentos de pacientes sintomáticos respiratórios nas unidades básicas e ao uso de tecnologia de comunicação nos atendimentos e agendamento de consultas; no momento da transpandemia segue a dificuldade de atendimento nas unidades básicas e a consequente sobrecarga na Unidade de Pronto Atendimento. Conclusão: a COVID-19 impactou negativamente na concretização da contrarreferência com dificuldades de logística, recursos e estrutura, representadas no acesso da população em geral, ainda mais limitado às unidades básicas com a pandemia.

Multidrug stewardship and adherence to guidelines in >200,000 direct-to-consumer Telemedicine encounters

ABSTRACT Objective: The quality of care and safety for Telemedicine-discharged patients with suspected respiratory infections are closely related to low rates of prescriptions of unjustified and high-risk medications. This retrospective study aimed to assess adherence to the current COVID-19 guidelines in direct-to-consumer telemedicine encounters at a large center using multidrug stewardship protocols. Methods: A quarterly electronic survey utilizing medical records of individual physician care assessed various quality indicators. Physicians received ongoing adaptive feedback based on personal metrics, with Telemedicine Center recommendations derived from the 2020 Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines. The study included all consecutive adults with new respiratory symptoms in the last 14 days who sought spontaneous Telemedicine consultations between March 2020 and August 2021. This study analyzed patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 and other airway infections. Results: Of the 221,128 evaluated patients, 42,042 (19%) had confirmed COVID-19; 104,021 (47%) were suspected to have COVID-19; and, 75,065 (33%) had other diagnoses. Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 had a mean (+DP) age of 35±12 years. A total of 125,107 (85.65%) patients were managed at home, 2,552 (1.74%) were referred for non-urgent in-office reassessment, and 17,185 (11.7%) were referred to the emergency department for whom there was no further treatment recommendation. The antibiotic rate in confirmed or suspected COVID-19 cases was 0.46%/0.65% and that for non-evidence-based prescriptions was 0.01%/0.005%. Conclusion: Guideline training and Telemedicine consultation feedback may lead to lower antibiotic and antimicrobial prescriptions in suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases. Multidrug stewardship protocols may improve guideline adherence and reinforce the quality of care and safety in Telemedicine encounters.

Prevalence and reasons for referrals to the Endodontics Specialty Clinic at the Piracicaba Dental School

Abstract Dental referrals to the Endodontics Specialty Clinic (ESC) are routine owing to the complexity of endodontic treatments. To obtain a better prognosis for treatment, students/dentists must perceive their technical limits. This study sought to investigate the referrals of patients to the ESC from different clinics of the Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas - SP, Brazil, and check: a) the demographic profile of patients and the most commonly affected tooth; b) the clinic with the largest number of referrals; c) the reasons for referrals; d) the complexity of the cases; e) and the difficulty in assessing the referred cases based on the classification provided by the American Association of Endodontists (AAE) and Souza-Filho. The study sample consisted of patients' electronic dental referral records from February 2015 to June 2019. A total of 1,707 patients were referred to the ESC during the study period, and 62.4% were female. Lower molars were the most frequently involved teeth (34.8%), and 60.7% of the cases were referred due to the presence of root curvature. The AAE classification showed prevalence of highly difficult cases (71.3%), whereas Souza-Filho classification demonstrated a high rate of class III cases (85.8%). This study highlights the difficulties encountered by undergraduate students before or during endodontic treatments, reinforcing the need for clear criteria for selecting cases appropriate for each education level, thus improving endodontic treatment prognosis.

The decision-making skills of Brazilian physical therapists for patients with red flags / Capacidade da tomada de decisão dos fisioterapeutas brasileiros para pacientes com bandeiras vermelhas

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The red flags screening purpose is to ensure that signs and symptoms that raise suspicion of serious diseases are being considered during the assessment, assisting physical therapists in their clinical decision process. Brazilian physical therapists are autonomous and can act as first contact professionals in the management of musculoskeletal disorders, therefore, they need to know how to recognize, screen and refer patients with red flags for better therapeutic management. The objectives of this study were to verify whether Brazilian physical therapists can recognize and manage patients who presented red flags, compare professionals' skills regarding different academic degree levels and clinical experience and identify which factors can influence the results. METHODS: A cross-sectional and quantitative research was conducted, collected from an online questionnaire. The target audience consisted of Brazilian physical therapists who have clinical experience in the management of patients with musculoskeletal disorders. Participants filled demographic data and made clinical decisions based on six clinical cases created by the authors, based on the literature, and reviewed by three experts. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Chi-square test of independence and logistic regression. RESULTS: The study analyzed 384 answers from Brazilian physical therapists with clinical experience in musculoskeletal conditions. Brazilian physical therapists, in general, have not shown to be able to properly recognize and manage the clinical cases involving red flags, with 23.2% of the sample performing appropriate management for medical conditions, 53.9% for emergency conditions and 61.8% for medical conditions with associated musculoskeletal dysfunction. More years of clinical experience and post-professional education did not positively influence the outcomes. Higher academic degrees (Doctorate) can influence positively on the management of non-emergency medical conditions. CONCLUSION: Brazilian physical therapists who work with patients with musculoskeletal disorders perform poorly in identifying red flags in hypothetical clinical cases.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O objetivo da triagem de bandeiras vermelhas é garantir que sinais e sintomas que levantam suspeitas de doenças graves sejam considerados durante a avaliação, auxiliando os fisioterapeutas no seu processo de decisão clínica. Os fisioterapeutas brasileiros são autônomos e podem atuar como profissionais de primeiro contato no manejo de distúrbios musculoesqueléticos, portanto, precisam saber reconhecer, rastrear e encaminhar pacientes com bandeiras vermelhas para melhor manejo terapêutico. Os objetivos deste estudo foram verificar se os fisioterapeutas brasileiros conseguem reconhecer e tratar pacientes que apresentavam bandeiras vermelhas, comparar as habilidades dos profissionais com diferentes níveis de formação acadêmica e experiência clínica e identificar quais fatores podem influenciar os resultados. METHODS: Uma pesquisa transversal e quantitativa foi realizada, coletada através de um questionário online. O público-alvo consistiu em fisioterapeutas brasileiros com experiência clínica no manejo de pacientes com disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Os participantes preencheram dados demográficos e tomaram decisões clínicas com base em seis casos clínicos criados pelos autores, com base na literatura, e revisados por três especialistas. Os dados foram analisados por estatísticas descritivas, pelo teste qui-quadrado de independência e por regressão logística. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 384 respostas de fisioterapeutas brasileiros com experiência clínica em disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Os fisioterapeutas brasileiros, em geral, não demonstraram ser capazes de reconhecer e manejar adequadamente os casos clínicos envolvendo bandeiras vermelhas, com 23,2% da amostra realizando manejo adequado para condições médicas, 53,9% para condições de emergência e 61,8% para condições médicas com disfunção musculoesquelética associada. Mais anos de experiência clínica e educação pós-profissional não influenciaram positivamente os resultados. Graus acadêmicos mais elevados (Doutorado) podem influenciar positivamente no manejo de condições médicas não emergenciais. RESULTADOS: Foram analisadas 384 respostas de fisioterapeutas brasileiros com experiência clínica em disfunções musculoesqueléticas. Os fisioterapeutas brasileiros, em geral, não demonstraram ser capazes de reconhecer e manejar adequadamente os casos clínicos envolvendo bandeiras vermelhas, com 23,2% da amostra realizando manejo adequado para condições médicas, 53,9% para condições de emergência e 61,8% para condições médicas com disfunção musculoesquelética associada. Mais anos de experiência clínica e educação pós-profissional não influenciaram positivamente os resultados. Graus acadêmicos mais elevados (Doutorado) podem influenciar positivamente no manejo de condições médicas não emergenciais. CONCLUSÃO: Fisioterapeutas brasileiros que atuam com pacientes com disfunções musculoesqueléticas apresentam um mau desempenho na identificação de bandeiras vermelhas em casos clínicos hipotéticos.

Factors associated with the absence of postpartum consultations in a high-risk population

Abstract Objective: To assess the rate of missed postpartum appointments at a referral center for high-risk pregnancy and compare puerperal women who did and did not attend these appointments to identify related factors. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study with all women scheduled for postpartum consultations at a high-risk obstetrics service in 2018. The variables selected to compare women were personal, obstetric, and perinatal. The variables of interest were obtained from the hospital's electronic medical records. Statistical analyses were performed using the Chi-square, Fisher's exact, or Mann-Whitney tests. For the variable of the interbirth interval, a receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to best discriminate whether or not patients attended the postpartum consultation. The significance level for the statistical tests was 5%. Results: A total of 1,629 women scheduled for postpartum consultations in 2018 were included. The rate of missing the postpartum consultation was 34.8%. A shorter interbirth interval (p = 0.039), previous use of psychoactive substances (p = 0.027), current or former smoking (p = 0.003), and multiparity (p < 0.001) were associated with non-attendance. Conclusion: This study showed a high rate of postpartum appointment non-attendance. This is particularly relevant because it was demonstrated in a high-risk obstetric service linked to clinical severity or social vulnerability cases. This highlights the need for new approaches to puerperal women before hospital discharge and new tools to increase adherence to postpartum consultations, especially for multiparous women.

Características clínicas en pacientes atendidos en una unidad de psiquiatría de emergencia en un hospital general de Perú

Introducción. En los últimos 10 a 20 años, la psiquiatría de emergencia ha experimentado un progreso constante en cuanto a la prestación de servicios altamente especializados y enfocados en el paciente. Este aumento global refleja desafíos en accesibilidad y calidad de atención. En el contexto peruano, la legislación de salud mental y múltiples directrices clínicas orientan la prestación de servicios, no obstante, la insuficiencia de datos representa una barrera significativa para la toma de decisiones informadas. Objetivo. Examinar y reportar las características sociodemográficas y clínicas de los pacientes evaluados en la Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia del Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen (HNGAI), de Lima, Perú, y analizar la naturaleza de los cuadros sintomatológicos y sindrómicos. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal. Se estudiaron las interconsultas recibidas por la Unidad de Psiquiatría de Emergencia del HNGAI, entre julio y diciembre del 2022. Se aplicó un análisis factorial de los síntomas. Resultados. En 1037 pacientes vistos en interconsulta, la edad promedio fue 41,15 ± 23,52 años. El 65,2 % fueron mujeres. La tasa de derivación fue de 1,18 %. Los trastornos más frecuentes fueron los del humor (27,8 %); los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el afecto ansioso (47,3 %), insomnio (38,8 %) y ánimo depresivo (32,6 %). Con respecto al tratamiento, el más usado fueron los antipsicóticos (50,4 %). El análisis factorial exploratorio de los síntomas mostró siete factores o componentes sindrómicos importantes: psicótico, delirium, depresivo-suicida, obsesivo-compulsivo, negativo, apático, ansioso. Conclusión. El paciente típico de esta muestra fue mujer al inicio de su cuarta década de vida. Los trastornos del humor y los síntomas ansiosos fueron los más comunes. El análisis factorial exploratorio mostró la presencia de siete síndromes. Es necesario incrementar la recopilación sistemática de datos e inversión en investigación en psiquiatría de emergencia, todo con la finalidad de mejorar la atención que se brinda a estos pacientes.

Introduction. In the last 10 to 20 years, emergency psychiatry has undergone consistent progress in providing highly specialized and patient-focused services. This global advancement reflects challenges in accessibility and quality of care. In the Peruvian context, mental health legislation and various clinical guidelines guide service provision; however, the lack of data constitutes a significant barrier to informed decision-making. Objective. The objective of this study was to examine and report the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients evaluated at the Emergency Psychiatry Unit of the National Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen Hospital (HNGAI) in Lima, Peru, and analyze the nature of the symptomatic and syndromic profiles present. Methods. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Interconsultations received by the Emergency Psychiatry Unit of HNGAI between July and December 2022 were analyzed. A factorial analysis of symptoms was conducted. Results. Out of a total of 1037 patients seen in interconsultation, the mean age was 41.15 ± 23.52 years. 65.2% of the patients were female. The referral rate was 1.18%. Mood disorders (27.8%) were the most frequent diagnoses, with anxious affect (47.3%), insomnia (38.8%), and depressive mood (32.6%) being the most common symptoms. Antipsychotics (50.4%) were the most used treatment modality. Exploratory factor analysis of symptoms revealed the presence of seven important syndromic factors: psychotic, delirium, depressive-suicidal, obsessive-compulsive, negative, apathetic, and anxious. Conclusion. The typical patient in this sample was a female in the early forties. Mood disorders and anxious symptoms were the most prevalent. Exploratory factor analysis identified the presence of seven syndromes. There is a need to increase systematic data collection and investment in emergency psychiatry research to enhance the care provided to these patients.

Asociación entre utilización de Guía de Referencia Clínica a Ortodoncia y derivación pertinente / Association between the use of the Clinical Reference Guide to Orthodontics and pertinent referral

Objetivo Los Servicios de Salud en Chile tienen una demanda insatisfecha en ortodoncia y muchas de las interconsultas no son pertinentes. Buscando una solución, el Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte (SSMN) implementó la "Guía de Referencia Clínica Ortodoncia (GRCO) para Servicios Públicos de Salud". El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar si existe asociación entre utilizar GRCO y pertinencia en derivaciones a Ortodoncia realizadas por odontólogos de Atención Primaria. Materiales y Métodos Se realizó un estudio observacional analítico en 167 pacientes derivados por odontólogos que utilizaron la GRCO y 167 pacientes derivados por odontólogos que no la utilizaron. Una especialista en ortodoncia evaluó pertinencia en la derivación. Los datos se analizaron mediante la prueba de chi-cuadrado, y la prueba t-test. Resultados De los odontólogos que usaron la guía solo un 3% de sus derivaciones fueron no pertinentes, mientras que aquellos que no la usaron, tuvieron un 54% de derivaciones no pertinentes (p <0,001). Odontólogos que no usan la GRCO presentan 38 veces más probabilidad de realizar una derivación no pertinente. (OR 38,8; IC 14,9 - 125,9). Conclusión El uso de Guía de Referencia Clínica a Ortodoncia se asocia fuertemente con la pertinencia en la derivación de pacientes a la especialidad ortodoncia.

Objective. Health Services in Chile have an unsatisfied demand in orthodontics and the largest waiting list for dental specialties, with many of the referrals being irrelevant. Seeking a solution, the North Metropolitan Health Service (SSMN) implemented the "Orthodontic Clinical Referral Guideline (GRCO) for Public Health Services", to define the appropriateness of referrals. The objective of this study was to assess whether there is an association between the GRCO and the appropriateness of orthodontic referrals made by Primary Health Care dentists of the SSMN. Materials and methods. An analytical observational study was carried out in 167 patients referred by dentists who used the GRCO and 167 patients referred by dentists who did not use it. A calibrated orthodontic specialist assessed the relevance of the referral. The data was analyzed using the chi-square test, and the t-test. Results. Only 3% of the referrals made by dentists who used the GRCO were inappropriate, compared to 54% of those who did not use it. Dentists who do not use the GRCO are 38 times more likely to make an inappropriate referral than those who adhere to the GRCO (OR 38.8; CI 14.9 - 125.9) Conclusion. The use of the Orthodontic Clinical Referral Guideline is strongly associated with appropriateness in referring patients to the orthodontic specialty.

Identificação de demandas psicológicas em pacientes atendidos por interconsulta: divergências na percepção de médicos e psicólogos / Identification of psychological demands in patients seen by inter-consultation: differences in physicians' and psychologists' perceptions

O adoecimento e a necessidade de internação hospitalar podem implicar em prejuízo psicológico ao paciente. Neste sentido, o trabalho em equipes multiprofissionais configura-se como uma importante ferramenta para oferecer atenção integral à saúde. A interconsulta psicológica se caracteriza por um atendimento breve e focado, solicitado pela equipe responsável pelo cuidado do paciente, no qual o psicólogo propõe condutas em conjunto com a equipe de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as demandas psicológicas identificadas pelo médico no pedido de interconsulta, com as demandas avaliadas pelo psicólogo no primeiro atendimento a pacientes hospitalizados em um hospital universitário de nível terciário. Os dados foram obtidos no prontuário médico, categorizados pelos pesquisadores segundo o método quantitativo-interpretativo e analisados em termos de frequência e porcentagem pelo teste de McNemar e grau de concordância entre os avaliadores pelo Coeficiente de Concordância de Kappa. Cento e quatro pedidos de interconsulta realizados entre março de 2017 e março de 2018 foram avaliados, com predominância de pacientes do sexo feminino (59,8), com mais de 50 anos (63%) e profissionalmente inativos (61,9%). A maioria das solicitações teve origem na clínica médica (80,8%) e em paciente com quadro crônico (52,9%). Os resultados encontrados foram descritos em 11 categorias. Notou-se que houve maior concordância entre os cuidadores no reconhecimento de sintomas emocionais como justificativa de intervenção psicológica, o que encontrou correspondência com a literatura científica disponível. Observaram-se discordâncias na percepção de demandas entre os profissionais, especialmente sobre sofrimento emocional relacionado a dificuldades na compreensão do diagnóstico e/ou tratamento, pouco suporte familiar/social, problemas de adaptação à internação hospitalar e problemas emocionais não relacionados à doença. Conclui-se que a perspectiva multiprofissional é uma estratégia importante para promover atenção integral ao paciente, tendo a interconsulta como possibilidade efetiva, e que a abordagem do paciente apresenta diferentes perspectivas, vinculadas aos saberes de cada componente da equipe. Destaca-se a necessidade de investir na formação para a identificação e manejo de problemas de ordem emocional, comunicação e bom relacionamento médico-paciente, e observação de aspectos da história individual que possam contribuir para o bom desfecho do tratamento. Também, mostra-se importante que a for-mação acadêmica instrumentalize os profissionais para o trabalho em equipe multiprofissional, o que requer habilidades de comunicação, sensibilidade e compreensão sobre a complementaridade dos sabere (AU).

Falling ill and the need for hospitalization may imply psychological damage to the patient. In this sense, the work in multi-professional teams is configured as an important tool to offer integrated health care. The psychological in-ter-consultation is characterized by a brief and focused service requested by the team responsible for the patients' care, in which the psychologist proposes practices together with the health team. This study aimed to compare the psychological demands identified by the physician in the inter-consultation request, with the demands evaluated by the psychologist in the first assistance to patients hospitalized in a tertiary-level university hospital. The data were obtained from the medical records, categorized by the researchers according to the quantitative-interpretative method, and analyzed in terms of frequency and percentage by McNemar's test and degree of agreement between the evaluators by the Kappa Coefficient of Agreement. 104 inter-consultation requests made between March 2017 and March 2018 were evaluated, with a predominance of female patients (59.8), over 50 years of age (63%), and professionally inactive (61.9%). Most requests originated from the medical clinic (80.8%) and a patient with a chronic condition (52.9%). The results found were described in 11 categories. It was noted that there was greater agreement among caregivers in recognition of emotional symptoms as a justification for psychological intervention, which found correspondence with the available scientific literature. Disagreements were noted in the perception of demands among professionals, especially regarding emotional suffering related to difficulties in understanding the diagnosis and/or treatment, little family/social support, problems of adaptation to hospitalization, and emotional problems unrelated to the disease. We conclude that the multi-professional perspective is an important strategy to promote integral attention to the patient, with inter-consultation as an effective possibility, and that the approach to the patient presents different perspectives linked to each team component's knowledge. The need to invest in training for emotional problem identification and management, communication and a good doctor-patient relation-ship, and aspects of the individual history that can contribute to a good treatment outcome is emphasized. Also, it is important that academic training equips professionals to work in a multi-professional team, which requires communication skills, sensitivity, and an understanding of the complementarity of knowledge (AU).

Attitudes and beliefs of argentinian medical oncologists regarding palliative care referral / Actitudes y creencias de los médicos oncólogos argentinos sobre la derivación a cuidados paliativos

Abstract Introduction: Local evidence suggests insufficient access to palliative care (PC) for advanced cancer patients. The objective was to investigate the attitudes and beliefs of Argentinian medical oncologists regarding PC referral of their patients. Methods: All medical oncologists listed in the main national Clinical Oncology Associations (N = 831) were invited to participate in a telephone survey. Results: Fifty nine percent (N = 489) completed the survey. Most reported being informed about the scopes of PC (83%) and having accessible PC service/specialists (71%). However, 53% did not work collaboratively, and 55% exceptionally or never referred their patients. Oncologists who usually referred their patients did so mainly due to uncontrolled pain (67%) or absence of curative treatment (48%). Only 19% supported early-referral criteria. Those who exception ally referred their patients argued that PC was not meaningful/beneficial/a priority (78%) or that they preferred to handle the patient's problems by themselves (55%). End-of-life care (33%) and improvement in quality of life (32%) were stated as primary benefits of PC for cancer patients. Addressing psychological aspects was consid ered the least important item (2%). Having an accessible PC service (P = 0.002) and being well informed about PC (P = 0.008) were associated with frequent referral. Having ≤10 years or >30 years from graduation were associated with exceptional or no referral (P = 0.012 and 0.001, respectively). Discussion: Oncologists report awareness of the potential advantages of PC and have accessible PC services, but rarely refer patients. They mainly use late-referral criteria. Younger and older age are negatively associated with referral. More research is needed to improve the referral rate and timing of cancer patients to PC.

Resumen Introducción: La evidencia local sugiere un acceso insuficiente a los cuidados paliativos (CP) para los pacien tes con cáncer avanzado. El objetivo fue investigar las actitudes y creencias de médicos oncólogos argentinos respecto de la derivación de sus pacientes a CP. Métodos: Todos los médicos oncólogos registrados en las principales Asociaciones Nacionales de Oncología Clínica (N = 831) fueron invitados a participar en una encuesta telefónica. Resultados: El 59% (N = 489) completó la encuesta. La mayoría informó estar informado sobre los alcances de CP (83%) y tener especialistas/servicios de CP acce sibles (71%). Sin embargo, el 53% no trabajaba de forma colaborativa y el 55% excepcionalmente o nunca derivaba a sus pacientes. Los oncólogos que habi tualmente derivan a sus pacientes lo hacen principalmente por dolor no controlado (67%) o ausencia de trata miento curativo (48%). Solo el 19% mencionó criterios de derivación temprana. Aquellos que excepcionalmente derivan a sus pacientes argumentaron que los CP no era significativos, beneficiosos o prioritarios (78%) o que preferían manejar los problemas del paciente por sí mismos (55%). La atención al final de la vida (33 %) y la mejora de la calidad de vida (32 %) se señalaron como los principales beneficios de los CP para los pacientes con cáncer. El abordaje de los aspectos psicológicos fue el ítem menos señalado (2%). Tener un servicio de CP accesible (P= 0,002) y estar bien informado sobre CP (P = 0,008) se asociaron con la derivación frecuente. Tener ≤10 años o >30 años desde la graduación se asoció con una derivación excepcional o nula (P = 0,012 y 0,001, respectivamente). Discusión: Los oncólogos refieren conocer las ventajas potenciales de los CP y tienen servicios de CP accesibles, pero rara vez derivan pacientes. Utilizan principalmente criterios de derivación tardía. Las edades más jóvenes y mayores se asocian negativamente con la derivación. Se necesita más investigación para mejorar la tasa y momento de derivación de los pacientes con cáncer a CP.

Frecuencia de referencias ambulatorias injustificadas, en base a diagnósticos no pertinentes, realizadas a un hospital peruano de tercer nivel / Frequency of unjustified ambulatory referrals bases on no pertinent diagnosis sent to a third level Peruvian hospital

Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y describir las características de referencias injustificadas, en base a diagnósticos no pertinentes, enviadas al servicio de consulta externa adultos de un hospital de tercer nivel. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional y descriptivo, realizado en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia (HCH) en el periodo abril a diciembre del 2019. Se utilizaron los datos del aplicativo "REFCON" con una población de 99 891 referencias. Para la variable "justificación de la referencia", se utilizó un listado de diagnósticos que no deberían derivarse a hospitales de la DIRIS Lima Norte. Adicionalmente, se estudiaron las variables de edad, sexo, grupo etario, especialidad de destino, categoría del EESS de origen, distrito de origen, y diagnóstico del grupo de referencias injustificadas. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La frecuencia de referencias injustificadas fue de 8,4 %. El 34,2 % fue de pacientes adultos; el 65,8 %, de adultos mayores; y el 67 %, de pacientes mujeres Las especialidades con más referencias injustificadas fueron cardiología, geriatría, medicina interna, medicina familiar y neurología. Los diagnósticos injustificados más frecuentes fueron hipertensión esencial, lumbago no especificado y cefalea. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de referencias injustificadas al HCH por diagnósticos no pertinentes fue 8,4 %, tasa similar a otros dos estudios, pese a la emisión de una lista de diagnósticos que no deberían derivarse a hospitales de la DIRIS Lima Norte.

SUMMARY Objective: To determine the frequency and to describe the characteristics of unjustified ambulatory referrals bases on no pertinent diagnosis done at an adult outpatient clinic of a third level Peruvian hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried-out from April to December 2019 at Hospital Cayetano Heredia. Data were extracted from REFCON with a population of 99 891 referrals. To justify the reference, a list of diagnosis that does not require referral was used. In addition, variables such as age, sex, specialty of destination, category of EESS, district of origin and diagnosis of the unjustified referral. Descriptive statistics was used. Results: the frequency of unjustified referrals was 8.4%; 34.2% comprised the adult population; 65.8% were elder and 67% were female. Specialties with more unjustified referrals were geriatrics, internal medicine, family medicine and neurology. The most common unjustified diagnosis was essential hypertension, nonspecific low back pain and headache. Conclusions: Despite of socializing a list of unjustified referral diagnosis a frequency of 8,4% remain in this category, which is like results from two previous studies.

Motivos de consulta a kinesiología en sujetos ambulatorios oncológicos pediátricos. Estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo / Reasons for consultation to the physical therapy service in pediatric oncology outpatient subjects. A descriptive and retrospective study

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y los motivos de consulta en el servicio de kinesiología en sujetos pediátricos con diagnóstico oncológico en un hospital pediátrico de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Materiales y método: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo en sujetos menores de 18 años con patología oncológica que requirieron tratamiento ambulatorio y fueron derivados al servicio de kinesiología entre febrero de 2016 y diciembre de 2018. Se recolectaron variables demográficas, tratamiento médico, motivos de derivación (salvataje de miembro o amputación, debilidad muscular, neuropatía, extravasación de citostáticos, secuela motora postquirúrgica) y tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico hasta la consulta. Resultados: De un total de 1497 sujetos con patología oncológica, 259 (17,3%) fueron derivados a kinesiología, y el diagnóstico más prevalente fue el tumor del sistema nervioso central. Ciento quince (44,4%) sujetos fueron derivados para el tratamiento de alteraciones neurológicas, 74 (28,4%) por debilidad y/o neuropatía, 41 (15,8%) para rehabilitación postquirúrgica traumatológica y 29 (11,2%) por otras causas. Las presentaciones clínicas más prevalentes fueron la debilidad adquirida por inmovilización prolongada y las limitaciones en el rango de movimiento. Conclusión: Se describió la epidemiología de sujetos pediátricos con patología oncológica que requirieron atención kinésica ambulatoria. En su mayoría, los sujetos pediátricos derivados tenían diagnóstico de tumor del sistema nervioso central. Los motivos de derivación más frecuentes fueron la disminución en el rango de movimiento y la debilidad muscular.

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and reasons for consultation to the physiotherapy service in pediatric outpatient subjects with an oncological diagnosis in a pediatric hospital in the city of Buenos Aires. Materials and method: An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was conducted on subjects under 18 years of age with oncological pathology who required outpatient treatment and were referred to the physiotherapy service between February 2016 and December 2018. Demographic variables, medical treatment, reasons for referral (limb salvage or amputation, muscle weakness, neuropathy, extravasation of cytostatics, postsurgical motor sequelae), and time elapsed from diagnosis to consultation were collected. Results: Out of a total of 1497 subjects with oncological pathology, 259 (17.3%) were referred to physiotherapy, and the most prevalent diagnosis was central nervous system tumor. One hundred fifteen (44.4%) subjects were referred for the treatment of neurological disorders, 74 (28,4%) due to weakness and/or neuropathy, 41 (15.8%) for postsurgical orthopedic rehabilitation, and 29 (11.2%) for other reasons. The most prevalent clinical presentations were acquired weakness due to prolonged immobilization and limitations in the range of motion. Conclusions: The epidemiology of pediatric subjects with oncological pathology who required outpatient physiotherapy was described. Most of them were diagnosed with a central nervous system tumor. The most prevalent reasons for referral were decreased range of motion and muscle weakness.

Mobile application-based oximetry: a potential toolfor appropriate referral of patients with respiratory symptoms examined via telemedicine

ABSTRACT Objective To calculate the positive likelihood ratio to determine whether telemedicine is able to optimize referral to the emergency department. Methods Unicenter study with 182 consecutive patients admitted to Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein due to respiratory symptoms. All patients were submitted to oxygen saturation measurement using the standard method Welch Allyn finger device vital sign monitor and a 2-minute evaluation (Binah.ai mobile application). The reproducibility of oxygen saturation measurements made with both methods was investigated using interclass correlation coefficients and analysis of dispersion. Bland-Altman plots were constructed and kappa concordance coefficients used to examine data normality. Accuracy was also estimated. Results Oxygen saturation measurement differences between methods were ≤2% in more than 85% of cases. The mean difference (bias) between methods was near zero (0.835; Bland-Altman analysis). Oxygen saturation measurements made using the Binah.ai mobile application had an average ability to detect patients with altered oxygen saturation levels compared to the conventional method (ROC analysis). The positive likelihood ratio of the mobile application was 6.23. Conclusion Mobile applications for oxygen saturation measurement are accessible user-friendly tools with moderate impact on clinical telemedicine evaluation of patients with respiratory symptoms, and may optimize referral to the emergency department.

Screening tool development for hand surgery referrals in systemic sclerosis

Abstract Background Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) patients may need hand surgery. Objective To develop a screening tool for rheumatologists to identify potential candidates with systemic sclerosis for hand surgery, optimizing referrals. Methods A pilot cross-sectional study from January 2015 to December 2016. Sample size: 51 participants. Inclusion criteria: ≥ 18 years old, meeting the 2013 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) classification criteria for SSc and hand impairment. Data collected: age, sex, race, disease duration, SSc subtypes, vasodilator use, skin thickness, finger stiffness, presence of Digital Ulcers (DU) and/or calcinosis, presence of Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) attacks, health status and disability, disease status, pain intensity and functional status of the hands. Data were analyzed by a multivariate logistic regression model. Results Fulfillment of surgical criteria: 68.8%. The surgical group had higher scores on the HAQ-DI (1.39 vs. 0.96, p =0.032) and CHFS (25.0 vs. 12.0, p =0.005) questionnaires, and a higher frequency of DU (91.43% vs. 18.75%, p <0.0010), calcinosis (60.0% vs. 0.0%, p <0.001), use of vasodilators (100.0% vs. 75.0%, p =0.007) and digital stiffness (28.57% vs. 0.0%, p =0.017). The presence of DU increased the chance of surgical indication by 46.2 times (ORIC 95% = 8.23 to 259.49). The statistical model showed good accuracy (86.3%, p <0.001), sensitivity (91.4%), and specificity (81.2%). Conclusion The presence of DU in SSc could be used as a screening feature for early identification and referral of potential candidates for hand surgery.

Características Clínicas e Manejo de Pacientes Avaliados por Teleconsulta Cardiológica na Região Brasileira com Maior Número de Cidades Isoladas / Clinical Features and Management of Patients Assessed by Cardiology Teleconsultation in the Brazilian Region with the Highest Number of Isolated Cities

Resumo Fundamento As doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de morte no mundo. Regiões brasileiras geograficamente remotas e de baixa renda carecem de consultas especializadas. Não se tem conhecimento total acerca do manejo por telemedicina dessa população por parte de cardiologistas. Objetivos Analisar a teleconsulta cardiológica na região brasileira com maior número de municípios isolados. Métodos Entre fevereiro de 2020 e outubro de 2021, pacientes da Região Norte do Brasil avaliados por médicos generalistas locais foram encaminhados para avaliação cardiológica por telemedicina. Foram analisados os motivos do encaminhamento, dados demográficos, histórico clínico, exames físicos, exames complementares, medicamentos e prescrições pré e pós-telemedicina (considerou-se p<0,05 como estatisticamente significativo). Resultados Analisamos 653 pacientes. A taxa de frequência foi de 85,7% (53,1% do sexo feminino, idade média: 54,2±6,5 anos). Os principais motivos de encaminhamento foram sintomas cardiovasculares (58,1%) e fatores de risco entre pacientes assintomáticos (13,3%). Apenas 12,6% apresentava alguma doença diagnosticada. A maioria dos pacientes havia passado por exame físico e eletrocardiogramas regulares. Poucos tinham exames complementares recentes. A prescrição de bloqueadores dos receptores da angiotensina (BRA), bloqueadores dos canais de cálcio e estatinas aumentou significativamente, enquanto a de digoxina, betabloqueadores não cardíacos e ácido acetilsalicílico (AAS) diminuiu na primeira teleconsulta. A maioria dos exames complementares solicitados era de baixa complexidade e custo: eletrocardiograma (28,2%), radiografia de tórax (14%), ecocardiograma (64,5%) e exames de sangue (71,8%). Para 2,1% dos pacientes, foram indicadas intervenções, e 8% recebeu alta após a primeira consulta. Conclusão A teleconsulta cardiológica sob demanda contribui para a otimização do tratamento das doenças cardíacas. A maioria dos pacientes foi encaminhada com diagnósticos sindrômicos sem exames complementares prévios. A avaliação especializada solicitada geralmente estava disponível localmente e com baixo custo, mas impedia a alta precoce. Capacitação local poderia otimizar o encaminhamento.

Abstract Background Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of adult mortality. Geographically remote and low-income Brazilian regions lack specialized consultations. The telemedicine management of this population by cardiologists is not fully known. Objectives To analyze cardiology teleconsultation in the Brazilian region with the highest number of isolated cities. Methods From February 2020 to October 2021, patients from the North Region of Brazil evaluated by local general practitioners were referred for cardiological evaluation by telemedicine. Referral reasons, demographics, clinical history, physical examinations, tests, medications, and prescriptions pre- and post-telemedicine were analyzed (p<0.05 was considered statistically significant). Results We analyzed 653 patients. The attendance rate was 85.7% (53.1% female, mean age: 54.2±6.5 years). The main reasons for referral were cardiovascular symptoms (58.1%) and risk factors among asymptomatic patients (13.3%). Only 12.6% had a diagnosed disease. Most patients had regular physical examinations and electrocardiograms. Few had recent complementary tests. The prescription of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers and statins was significantly increased, while that of digoxin, noncardiac beta-blockers and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) was decreased at the first teleconsultation. Most of the tests requested were of low complexity and cost: electrocardiogram (28.2%), chest X-ray (14%), echocardiogram (64.5%) and blood tests (71.8%). For 2.1% of patients, interventions were indicated, and 8% were discharged after the first consultation. Conclusion On-demand cardiology teleconsultation contributes to heart disease treatment optimization. Most patients were referred with syndromic diagnoses without previous complementary tests. The specialist workup requested was usually available locally and at a low cost but precluded early discharge. Local training could optimize the referral.

Cuidados paliativos: la visión del neurólogo en Uruguay / Palliative care from a neurologist's perspective in Uruguay / Cuidados paliativos: a visão do neurologista no Uruguai

Introducción: los cuidados paliativos (CP) han incluido en su abordaje patologías no oncológicas, sin embargo los criterios de inclusión de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas avanzadas es aún un desafío. Objetivo: conocer la percepción de los neurólogos, residentes y posgrados sobre los CP. Método: se aplicó una encuesta en línea, ad hoc. Se exploró la percepción del profesional en cuatro áreas: experiencia de trabajo conjunto, enfermedades neurológicas pasibles de CP, criterios de derivación y autopercepción de la formación en CP. Resultados: se obtuvieron 60 respuestas, 73% de los neurólogos tenían más de 5 años de ejercicio. El 83% de los encuestados refirió haber compartido pacientes con profesionales de CP, el 87% afirmó que su experiencia fue positiva o muy positiva. El 53% consideró que la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica siempre debe recibir CP y alrededor de 80% evaluó la derivación de otras enfermedades sólo en etapas avanzadas. El principal criterio de derivación evocado fue la toma de decisiones anticipadas (66%), independientemente de los años de ejercicio. En relación a la autopercepción de la capacitación en el manejo del paciente con enfermedad neurológica avanzada al final de la vida, el 62% se percibió muy capacitado o aceptablemente capacitado. Conclusión: en esta primera aproximación de la perspectiva de los neurólogos del Uruguay con respecto a los CP, se destaca la necesidad de desarrollar guías de derivación y estrategias de trabajo conjunto para la asistencia integral de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas pasibles de ser beneficiados por el enfoque de cuidados paliativos.

Introduction: palliative care (PC) has included non-oncologic conditions among its scope although inclusion criteria for patients with advanced neurological diseases continues to be challenging. Objective: to learn about the perception of neurologists, residents and postgraduates on palliative care. Method: an online, ad hoc survey was conducted. The survey explored the perception of professional in four areas: work experience in collaborative work, neurological conditions that could qualify for PC, criteria for referral and self-perception of palliative care training. Results: 60 replies were obtained. 73% of participants in the survey were neurologists with over 5 years of practice. 83% of surveyed physicians stated they had shared patients with PC professionals; 87% affirmed their experience had been positive or very positive. 53% found amyotrophic lateral sclerosis must receive PC in all cases and 80% considers the appropriateness of referring patients with other conditions only in advanced stages of the disease. The main criteria for referral mentioned was the making of anticipated decisions (66%), regardless of the years of practice. As to their self-perception of training in the handling of patients with advanced neurological disease at the end of life, 62% see themselves as very well prepared or satisfactorily prepared. Conclusions: in this first approach to the perspective of neurologists in Uruguay on palliative care, we stand out the need to create referral guidelines and strategies for collaborative work for the comprehensive handling of patients with neurological conditions that could qualify for benefiting from palliative care.

Introdução: os cuidados paliativos (CP) têm incluído patologias não oncológicas na sua abordagem; no entanto os critérios de inclusão para doentes com doenças neurológicas avançadas ainda são um desafio. Objetivo: conhecer a percepção de neurologistas, residentes e pós-graduandos de neurologia sobre os CP. Método: foi aplicado um questionário online, ad hoc. A percepção do profissional foi explorada em quatro áreas: experiência de trabalho conjunto, doenças neurológicas susceptíveis ao CP, critérios de encaminhamento e autopercepção da capacitação em CP. Resultados: foram obtidas 60 respostas sendo 73% neurologistas com mais de 5 anos de prática. 83% dos entrevistados relataram ter compartilhado pacientes com profissionais de CP; 87% afirmam que sua experiência foi positiva ou muito positiva. 53% consideraram que a Esclerose Lateral Amiotrófica deve sempre receber CP e cerca de 80% avaliaram o encaminhamento de outras doenças apenas em estágios avançados. O principal critério de encaminhamento evocado foi a tomada de decisão precoce (66%), independentemente dos anos de prática. Em relação à autopercepção de capacitação no manejo de pacientes com doença neurológica avançada na fase final da vida, 62% percebem-se altamente capacitados ou com treinamento aceitável. Conclusão: nesta primeira aproximação à perspectiva dos neurologistas uruguaios sobre os CP, destaca-se a necessidade de desenvolver guias de encaminhamento e estratégias de trabalho conjunto para o atendimento integral de pacientes com doenças neurológicas que possam se beneficiar da abordagem de cuidados paliativos.

Reason for referrals to neurology: a community-based study in Brazil / Motivos de derivación a neurología: un estudio de base comunitaria en Brasil / Motivos de encaminhamentos para neurologia: um estudo de base comunitária no Brasil

Objective:to quantify the reasons for referrals of primary care physicians to neurology in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Method:cross-sectional study evaluating referrals from Primary Care to the specialty of Neurology in Belo Horizonte, registered in the NOVO SISREG regulatory system, from March 2019 to July 2020. Neurologists or family physicians from the Regula Mais Brasil project, with experience in referral protocols for neurology, carried out the evaluation of the main diagnoses. Results:13,844 referrals to neurology were identified, with an average of 814.35 referrals per month. Headache, epilepsy and cerebrovascular disorders were the most common reasons, accounting for 55.5% of referrals. Other neurological conditions identified less frequently were parkinsonism, tremor, syncope and vertigo, responsible for 10.9% of referrals. Conclusion:most referrals did not prioritize only neurology expertise. It is possible that cultural aspects and the routine of physicians, health services and the community itself determined these referrals, raising awareness about the high demand, waiting time and possible clinical conditions that are soon ceasing to be managed by other specialties that also share these skills.

Objetivo:cuantificar los motivos de derivación de médicos de atención primaria a neurología en Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Método:estudio transversalque evaluó las derivaciones de la Atención Primaria a la especialidad de Neurología en Belo Horizonte, registradas en el sistema regulatorio NOVO SISREG, de marzo de 2019 a julio de 2020. Neurólogos o médicos de familia del proyecto Regula Mais Brasil, con experiencia en protocolos de derivación para neurología, realizó la evaluación de los principales diagnósticos. Resultados:se identificaron 13.844 derivaciones a neurología, con una media de 814,35 derivaciones al mes. La cefalea, la epilepsia y los trastornos cerebrovasculares fueron los motivos más frecuentes, representando el 55,5% de las derivaciones. Otras condiciones neurológicas identificadas con menor frecuencia fueron parkinsonismo, temblor, síncope y vértigo, responsables del 10,9% de las derivaciones. Conclusión: la mayoría de las referencias no priorizaron solo la experiencia en neurología. Es posible que los aspectos culturales y la rutina de los médicos, los servicios de salud y la propia comunidad determinaran estas derivaciones, concientizando sobre la alta demanda, tiempo de espera y posibles cuadros clínicos que pronto están dejando de ser manejados por otras especialidades que también comparten estas habilidades.

Objetivo:quantificar os motivos de encaminhamentos de médicos da Atenção Primária para neurologia em Belo Horizonte, Brasil. Método:estudo transversal com avaliação de encaminhamentos da Atenção Básica para especialidade de Neurologia em Belo Horizonte, registrados no sistema de regulação NOVO SISREG, no periodo de março de 2019 a julho de 2020. Neurologistas ou médicos de família do projeto Regula Mais Brasil, com experiência em protocolos de encaminhamentos para neurologia, realizaram a avaliação dos principais diagnósticos. Resultados:foram identificados 13.844 encaminhamentos para neurologia, com uma média de 814,35 encaminhamentos por mês. Cefaleia, epilepsia e distúrbios cerebrovasculares foram os motivos mais comuns, representando 55,5% dos encaminhamentos. Outras condições neurológicas identificadas em menor frequência foram o parkinsonismo, tremor, síncope e vertigem, responsáveispor 10,9% dos encaminhamentos. Conclusão:a maioria dos encaminhamentos não priorizou somente a expertise da neurologia. É possível que aspectos culturais e a rotina de médicos, serviços de saúde e da própria comunidade determinaram esses encaminhamentos, ascendendo alerta quanto a alta demanda, tempo de espera e possíveis condições clínicas que estão deixando de ser brevemente manejadas por outras especialidades que também compartilham dessas competências.

De un centro de trauma a un sistema de trauma en el suroccidente colombiano / From a Trauma Center to a Trauma System in Southwest Colombia

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto sobre la mortalidad según el perfil de ingreso a un centro de trauma del suroccidente colombiano, como método para entender las dinámicas de atención del paciente con trauma. Métodos. Se realizó un subanálisis del registro de la Sociedad Panamericana de Trauma asociado a un centro de trauma en el suroccidente colombiano. Se analizaron los pacientes atendidos entre los años 2012 y 2021. Se compararon los pacientes con condición de ingreso directo y aquellos que ingresaron remitidos. Se hicieron análisis de poblaciones de interés como pacientes con trauma severo (ISS > 15) y pacientes con/sin trauma craneoencefálico. Se evaluó el impacto de los pacientes remitidos y su condición al ingreso sobre la mortalidad. Resultados. Se incluyeron 10.814 pacientes. La proporción de pacientes remitidos fue del 54,7 %. Los pacientes que ingresaron remitidos presentaron diferencias respecto a la severidad del trauma y compromiso fisiológico al ingreso comparado con los pacientes con ingreso directo. Los pacientes remitidos tienen mayor riesgo de mortalidad (RR: 2,81; IC95% 2,44-3,22); sin embargo, es el estado fisiológico al ingreso lo que impacta en la mortalidad. Conclusión. Los pacientes remitidos de otras instituciones tienen un mayor riesgo de mortalidad, siendo una inequidad en salud que invita a la articulación de actores institucionales en la atención de trauma. Un centro de trauma debe relacionarse con las instituciones asociadas para crear un sistema de trauma que optimice la atención de los pacientes y la oportunidad

Introduction. This study aims to evaluate the impact on mortality by admission profile to a trauma center in Southwest Colombia between direct and referred patients, as a method to understand the dynamics of trauma care.Methods. A sub-analysis of the Panamerican Trauma Society registry associated with a trauma center in Southwest Colombia was performed. Patients attended between 2012-2021 were analyzed. Patients with direct admission and referred condition were compared. Analyses of populations of interest such as patients with severe trauma (ISS > 15) and patients with/without brain trauma were made. The impact of referred patients and their admission status on mortality was evaluated. Results. A total of 10,814 patients were included. The proportion of referred patients was 54.7%. Patients admitted referred vs. with direct admission have differences regarding trauma severity and physiological compromise on admission. The referred patient has a higher risk of mortality (RR: 2.81; 95% CI 2.44-3.22). There is a high proportion of penetrating trauma by gunshot wounds. However, it is the physiological state at admission that impacts mortality. Conclusion. Patients referred from other institutions have a higher mortality risk, being a health inequity that invites the articulation of institutional actors in trauma care. A trauma center should relate to partner institutions to create a trauma system that optimizes care and timeliness

Aortic Valve Repair as a Subspecialty: Still an Institutional Practice or Open for All?

ABSTRACT Aortic valve repair combined with root stabilization procedures have been reported to have reliable mid to long-term outcomes, and this is one of the reasons that various surgical units are accepting these techniques as an option in selected cases. Aortic valve replacement is a standard procedure with established results, but to master its techniques there is a major uphill learning curve. A brief communication is presented on the aortic valve repair focusing on the lesser discussed aspects like global variability of the pathology and outcomes, variable referral patterns, and effect of ethnicity.