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Objectives:To investigate the clinical efficacy and outcome of lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis(LSS)with redundant nerve roots(RNRs).Methods:The data of 48 LSS patients with RNRs(23 males and 25 females,aged 45-81 years,on average 65.4±7.5 years)treated with lat-eral lumbar interbody fusion between January 2018 and July 2022 in our hospital were analyzed retrospec-tively.Among the patients,17 cases received single-level surgery and 31 cases received multi-level surgery.On the basis of the postoperative supine MRI scans,the patients were divided into RNRs relieved group(group A)and RNRs unrelieved group(group B).Radiographic assessments included disc heights,segmental angle and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal at the RNRs segment before and after operation were per-formed.The visual analogue scale(VAS),Oswestry disability index(ODI)and Japanese Orthopaedic Association(JOA)score were used to evaluate the clinical outcomes at preoperation and 1 month after surgery.Results:All patients underwent surgery successfully.The preoperative cross-sectional area of the spinal canal was 65.2±21.5mm2 in group A and 35.9±11.5mm2 in group B,with a significant difference(P<0.05).The posterior disk height and cross-sectional area of the spinal canal was 8.3±1.7mm and 92.6±25.8mm2 respectively in group A,and that of group B was 6.0±2.3mm and 45.4±12.1mm2 respectively,the differences were significant-ly statistical(P<0.05).Furthermore,in 1 month after operation the VAS leg pain,ODI and JOA scores was 2.4±0.8,(24.1±3.0)%and 22.8±1.9 respectively in group A,and that of group B was 3.3±0.8,(30.2±4.4)%and 17.7±2.5 respectively,the differences were significantly statistical(P<0.05).The total incidence of complications was 10.4%,including anterolateral thigh pain in 4 cases and hip flexor weakness in 1 case,which were released at 3 months of follow-up.Conclusions:Lateral lumbar interbody fusion can eliminate RNRs by restoring postoperative posterior disc height and enlarging the cross-sectional area of spinal canal,which provides an effective treatment for most LSS patients with RNRs.
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Objective@#To analyze the spatial relationship between the roots of maxillary anterior premolars and the maxillary sinus, thus providing an anatomical basis for timing, planning, surgical approaches, and implant selection at this site.@*Methods@#Cone beam CT (CBCT) images were collected from 264 patients (aged 20-65 years) who visited the Ruihua Dental Clinic between January 2017 and March 2023. The minimum distance from the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was measured on the coronal plane. The classification of the vertical relationship between the tooth root and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was performed, and comparisons were made bilaterally, between genders, and among different age groups.@*Results@#The minimum distance (Q50) from the apex of the first maxillary premolar root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was 7.34 mm for the single-root type, 7.80 mm for the buccal root of the double-root type, and 7.36 mm for the palatal root. For the second maxillary premolar, the median distance was 2.56 mm for the single root type, 1.73 mm for the buccal root type, and 1.23 mm for the palatal root type. There was a significant difference in the shortest distance from the apex of the right second maxillary premolar single root to the lower wall of the maxillary sinus among the different age groups (P<0.05), with the 20-29-year-old group having the smallest median distance (1.52 mm) and the ≥ 40-year-old group having the largest (4.44 mm). There was no significant difference in the effect of sex or laterality on distance (P>0.05). The most common vertical relationship between the apex of the maxillary anterior premolar roots and the lower wall of the maxillary sinus was noncontact. There was no significant difference in the vertical relationship classification between the single-root and double-root types (P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#Most maxillary first premolar roots can provide sufficient bone height, which makes it easy to achieve immediate implantation. The maxillary second premolar root frequently involves insufficient bone, which is necessary to make full use of the bone wall of the extraction socket or the sinus floor cortical bone to achieve initial stability. The vertical relationship between the premolar root and maxillary sinus was influenced by age and dental position. Younger age groups often exhibit inadequate bone height, and the indication for immediate implantation should be carefully considered. The number of roots does not significantly affect the relationship between the sinus and root; however, double-rooted premolars offer more support for immediate implantation and socket healing due to the small root diameter and bony separation between the roots.
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With the continuous development of information technology,digital technology has become an important means of party building in hospitals.Through the necessity and challenges of the implementation of digital party building in hospital grass-roots organizations,this paper puts forward some feasible paths for hospital grass-roots organizations to use digital party building to realize party member management,promote party building culture,carry out online party member education,and hold party building activities,and puts forward relevant suggestions for the digital party building work of hospital grass-roots organiza-tions,so as to promote the overall upgrading of the efficiency and quality of digital party building in hospital grass-roots organiza-tions,and promote the improvement of hospital medical service level.
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OBJECTIVE To establish the quality control method for the roots and rhizoma of Toricellia angulata. METHODS The properties of the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata were observed and microscopic identification was conducted. The moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extract were examined according to the method stated in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (part Ⅳ). HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata were established, common peaks were identified and the similarity was evaluated by using the Similarity Evaluation System of Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM (2012 edition). The contents of coniferin, syringin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and syringaresinol were determined by HPLC. RESULTS The properties and microscopic identification of the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata were obvious. The average contents of moisture, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extract were 7.54%, 2.18%, 0.15% and 7.81%, respectively. There were 16 common peaks marked in the HPLC fingerprints of 11 batches of the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata, with similarities of 0.856-0.960; five of them were identified, such as coniferin, syringin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and syringaresinol. The contents of the above five components were 0.047 2-0.401 6, 0.836 8-8.697 9, 1.245 3-10.950 0, 0.139 0-0.437 8 and 0.016 4-0.635 3 mg/g, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The established method is stable and accurate, which can be used for the quality control of the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata. It is preliminarily proposed that the moisture in the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata is not more than 11.0%, the total ash is not more than 4.0%, the ethanol-soluble extract is not less than 5.0%, the contents of coniferin, syringin, chlorogenic acid, (+)-syringaresinol-O-β-D- glucopyranoside and syringaresinol are not less than 0.04,0.83, 1.24, 0.13, 0.01 mg/g, respectively.
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Abstract Objective: To compare the measurements of the lumbar safety triangle (Kambin's triangle) and the invasion of the dorsal root ganglion in the triangle in coronal and coronal oblique planes. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study, in which 210 3.0-T magnetic resonance images of L2-L5 were analyzed in coronal and coronal oblique planes. Exams with lumbar spine anomalies were excluded. Demographic (sex and age) and radiological variables were recorded by a single evaluator. Results: Most sample was female (57.1%), mean age 45.5 ± 13.3 (18-98 years). The measurements average, as well as the areas, gradually increased from L2 to L5. The dorsal root ganglion invaded the triangle in all images. The safety triangle average area was smaller in the coronal oblique plane than in the coronal plane. Of the seven dimensions of safety triangle obtained for each level of the lumbar spine, six were significantly smaller in the coronal oblique plane than in the coronal plane. The only dimension that showed no difference was the smallest ganglion dimension. Conclusion: The dimensions and areas investigated were smaller in coronal oblique plane, especially the area (difference > 1 mm). The analysis of the triangular zone in this plane becomes important in the preoperative assessment of minimally invasive procedures.
Resumo Objetivo: Comparar as medidas do triângulo de segurança lombar (triângulo de Kambin) e invasão do gânglio da raiz dorsal no triângulo nas incidências coronal e coronal oblíqua. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, em que foram analisadas 210 imagens de ressonância magnética 3.0-T de L2-L5 nos planos coronal e coronal oblíquo. Foram excluídos exames com anomalias da coluna lombar. Variáveis demográficas (sexo e idade) e radiológicas foram registradas por um único avaliador. Resultados: A maioria da amostra era do sexo feminino (57,1%), com idade média de 45,5 ± 13,3 (18-98 anos). A média das medidas, assim como as áreas, aumentaram gradativamente de L2 a L5. O gânglio da raiz dorsal invadiu o triângulo em todas as imagens. A área média do triângulo de segurança foi menor na incidência coronal oblíqua do que na incidência coronal. Das sete dimensões do triângulo de segurança obtidas para cada nível da coluna lombar, seis foram significativamente menores no plano coronal oblíquo do que no plano coronal. Única dimensão que não apresentou diferença foi a menor dimensão do gânglio. Conclusão: As dimensões e áreas investigadas foram menores na incidência coronal oblíqua, especialmente a área (diferença > 1 mm). A análise da zona triangular nesta incidência torna-se importante na avaliação pré-operatória de procedimentos minimamente invasivos.
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SUMMARY: Impacted lower third molars (IL3M) have different root shapes and numbers. This study aimed to create a classification for IL3M root forms, that should aid in understanding roots morphology. A retrospective cross-sectional study on patients had IL3M at the university clinics between 2017 and 2019. Panoramic radiographs were retrieved to classify the roots into fused roots (FR): one or two roots connected from furcation to apices, and separated roots (SR): two or more roots not connected from furcation to apical third, and each type has different forms. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-Square test. Five-hundred patients, males (54.6 %) and females (45.4 %) were included. SR were in 591 teeth (75.5 %), and FR in 192 teeth (24.5 %). Statistically significant associations emerged between SR and males (60 %) and between FR and females (66 %) (p = .000). SR forms were straight (45.8 %), joined roots (28.2 %), one straight and one curved (13.3 %), roots curved distal (9.1 %), roots curved mesial (2.5 %), and more than two roots (0.3 %). FR forms were straight (87.5 %), curved distal (9.4 %), S-shaped (2.1 %), and curved mesial (1 %). The common angulations of IL3M with SR were vertical (39 %) followed by mesioangular (25.7 %), while FR were mostly vertical (39.1 %) or horizontal (23.9 %). The classification is applicable on panoramic radiographs, and complements Winter and Pell & Gregory to provide a better description of IL3M status by adding root morphology to the angulation, occlusal, and ramus relationship.
Los terceros molares inferiores impactados (3MII) tienen diferentes formas y números de raíces. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo crear una clasificación para las formas de raíz 3MII, que debería ayudar a comprender la morfología de las raíces. Realizamos un estudio transversal retrospectivo de pacientes con 3MII en las clínicas universitarias entre 2017 y 2019. Se recuperaron radiografías panorámicas para clasificar las raíces en raíces fusionadas (RF): una o dos raíces conectadas desde la zona de furca a los ápices y raíces separadas (RS): dos o más raíces no conectadas desde la bifurcación al tercio apical, y cada tipo con formas diferentes. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba Chi-Cuadrado. Se incluyeron 500 pacientes, hombres (54,6 %) y mujeres (45,4 %). RS se observó en 591 dientes (75,5 %) y RF en 192 dientes (24,5 %). Surgieron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas entre RS y hombres (60 %) y entre RF y mujeres (66 %) (p = .000). Las formas de RS eran rectas (45,8 %), raíces unidas (28,2 %), una recta y una curva (13,3 %), raíces curvas distales (9,1 %), raíces curvas mesiales (2,5 %) y más de dos raíces (0,3 %).). Las formas RF eran rectas (87,5 %), curvas distales (9,4 %), en forma de S (2,1 %) y curvas mesiales (1 %). Las angulaciones comunes de 3MII con RS fueron verticales (39 %), seguidas de mesioangular (25,7 %), mientras que RF fueron mayoritariamente verticales (39,1 %) u horizontales (23,9 %). La clasificación es aplicable en radiografías panorámicas y complementa a Winter y Pell & Gregory para proporcionar una mejor descripción del estado de 3MII al agregar la morfología de la raíz a la relación de angulación, oclusal y rama.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Dente Impactado/diagnóstico por imagem , Raiz Dentária/diagnóstico por imagem , Dente Serotino/diagnóstico por imagem , Radiografia Panorâmica , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Aims: To carry out phytochemical screening and acute oral toxicity test to validate their safety and efficacy. Study Design: Standard phytochemical screening tests were used to highlight phytochemical compounds of roots of the plants. The evaluation of acute toxicity of the root extracts of the plants followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. Place and Duration of the Study: The study was undertaken at the Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry for the extraction for samples extraction and phytochemical screening. Acute oral toxicity studies were done at the Department of Biological Sciences for acute toxicity study, University of Eldoret, Between June and September 2022. Methodology: Phytochemical screening for presence of Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were carried out. Acute oral toxicity studies were done using the fixed dose method at a dose of 2000mg/kg body weights of rats. Three groups were used: control and test groups for each of the respective plant root extracts. Signs of toxicity and/or mortality were monitored daily for 14 days. Weekly fasting body weights were also recorded. Results: The phytochemical screening results showed the presence of tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids, anthocyanin, terpenoids, steroids, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates present in the root extract of Combretum hereroense. Tannins, saponins, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrates were present in root extracts of Balanites aegyptiaca. Following the acute oral toxicity study, there were no abnormalities observed in physiological parameters. In addition, no deaths were recorded during the study period. The LD50 was therefore greater than 2000 mg/kg. The fasting body weights of extract treated rats increased stably compared to the control [p = .05]. Conclusion: The results showed C. hereroense and B. aegyptiaca methanol root extracts were considered safe in acute oral exposure. Long-term toxicity studies are needed for further toxicological profile elicitation of the plant, and a possible reinforcement of clinical relevance of the results of laboratory studies.
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Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was employed to analyze the chemical components in Curcuma longa tuberous roots(HSYJ), C. longa tuberous roots processed with vinegar(CHSYJ), and rat serum after the administration. The active components of HSYJ and CHSYJ absorbed in serum were identified based on the secondary spectrum of database and literature. The targets of primary dysmenorrhea was screened out from database. The protein-protein interaction network analysis, gene ontology(GO) functional annotation, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were performed for the common targets shared by the drug active components in serum and primary dysmenorrhea, and the component-target-pathway network was constructed. AutoDock was used to conduct molecular docking between the core components and targets. A total of 44 chemical components were identified from HSYJ and CHSYJ, including 18 absorbed in serum. On the basis of network pharmacology, we identified 8 core components(including procurcumenol, isobutyl p-hydroxybenzoate, ferulic acid, and zedoarondiol) and 10 core targets \[including interleukin-6(IL-6), estrogen receptor 1(ESR1), and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)\]. The core targets were mainly distributed in the heart, liver, uterus, and smooth muscle. The molecular docking results showed that the core components were well bound to the core targets, indicating that HSYJ and CHSYJ may exert therapeutic effect on primary dysmenorrhea via estrogen, ovarian steroidogenesis, tumor necrosis factor(TNF), hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1), IL-17 and other signaling pathways. This study clarifies the HSYJ and CHSYJ components absorbed in serum, as well as the corresponding mechanism, providing a reference for further elucidating the therapeutic material basis and clinical application of HSYJ and CHSYJ.
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Feminino , Humanos , Animais , Ratos , Ácido Acético , Curcuma , Dismenorreia , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2RESUMO
Objective:To discuss the role of rural-order tuition-waived medical students in grass-roots public health, and put forward pertinent suggestions for further improving the effectiveness of rural directional general practitioner training programs.Methods:Through interviews with 63 graduated rural-order tuition-waived medical undergraduates from rural primary medical institutions in Sichuan Province, the standard procedures of spindle encoding and content analysis were used to analyze the influence of the training effect of rural-order tuition-waived medical students on grass-roots public health services.Results:The results showed that the training effect of rural-order tuition-waived medical students mainly reflected in theoretical learning, practical work ability, future career planning and post-graduation education, among which the training effect of theoretical learning and practical work ability was better. Rural-order tuition-waived medical students played a positive role in grass-roots public health services, mainly in the protection of key populations, home prevention and management of the elderly and chronic diseases patients, and home prevention and management of children and pregnant women.Conclusion:The measures for rural-order tuition-waived medical students to provide grass-roots public health services should include that the supporting policies of the state and schools can be continuously improved and implemented, college teachers should pay more attention to the guidance of the humanistic spirit of general medical students, and the curriculum system construction of rural-order tuition-waived medical students should highlight the courses related to grass-roots and general medicine. In the process of student training, we should construct effective practical methods and strengthen post-employment continuing education.
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OBJECTIVE To explore the extraction process of volatile oil from the stems, leaves and roots of Glehnia littoralis, analyze the chemical components of the volatile oil from the stems, leaves and roots of G. littoralis, and preliminarily evaluate its in vitro antifungal activity. METHODS Based on the steam distillation method, single factor test and orthogonal experiment were conducted to optimize the extraction method of volatile oil from the stems, leaves and roots of G. littoralis. The chemical components of the volatile oil from the stems, leaves and roots of G. littoralis were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technology and their relative contents were calculated. The antifungal activity of volatile oils from the stems, leaves and roots of G. littoralis against Fusarium solani, Fusarium incarnatum, Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus parasiticus and Aspergillus flavus was determined by paper diffusion method. RESULTS The optimal extraction process of G. littoralis was solid-liquid ratio of 1∶15, distillation time of 5 hours, and KCl concentration of 15%. Eleven components were identified from the volatile oil of the stems and leaves of G. littoralis, and a total of eight components were identified from the volatile oil of the roots. Ginsenethinol was a common component in the volatile oil from the stems, leaves and roots of G. littoralis, its contents in the stems and leaves, roots were 38.21% and 74.02%, respectively. The volatile oil from the stems, leaves and roots of G. littoralis had a certain E-mail:zwhjzs@126.com inhibitory effect on F. solani, F. incarnatum, F. oxysporum, A. parasiticus and A. flavus, especially volatile oil from the stems and leaves. CONCLUSIONS There is a significant difference in chemical components of the volatile oil between the roots, stems and leaves of G. littoralis, both of which have certain in vitro antifungal activity.
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ObjectiveTo collect and analyze the properties and application characteristics of external use of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines in the Chinese Materia Medica(《中华本草》) to provide data references for the research on clinical external use of Chinese medicine, in order to provide data reference for clinical external use of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM). MethodThe Chinese herbal medicines included in the Chinese Materia Medica were systematically screened. The inclusion criterion was the explicit mention of terms like "root", "rhizome", "root bark", "tuber", "tuberous root", etc. under the "Source" in the Chinese Materia Medica. Information on properties, flavors, meridian tropism, medicinal parts, fresh use, toxicity, efficacies and indications, and dosage of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines was collected. The information was then entered into an Excel spreadsheet for statistical analysis. ResultThe Chinese Materia Medica records 2 662 roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines, of which 1 653 are suitable for external use. The predominant properties and flavors are cool, cold, bitter, pungent, and sweet. These Chinese herbal medicines mainly act on the liver, lung, and spleen meridians. The primary medicinal parts used include root, rhizome, and root bark. More than half of the roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines can be used in their fresh form. The main efficacies include clearing heat, removing toxins, resolving stasis, dispersing accumulation, resolving blood stasis and stopping bleeding, reducing swelling and alleviating pain, dispelling dampness and relieving pain. The main indications are skin sores, traumatic injuries, and rheumatic diseases. Common external application methods include poultice, decoction for washing, and applying powdered form. Most of these Chinese herbal medicines lack specific dosage guidelines for external use, with an emphasis on using an appropriate amount. ConclusionThe Chinese Materia Medica contains a wide range of roots and rhizomes of Chinese herbal medicines suitable for external use, with definite therapeutic effects, providing a broad perspective for the application of Chinese medicine externally. However, there are still problems such as unclear dosages and limited research. Further studies are necessary to better utilize the advantages of the external use of Chinese medicine.
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Objective @#To investigate and analyze the root and root canal morphology of mandibular first molars (MFMs) in the Tibetan population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to provide references for clinical root canal treatment in the Tibetan population. @*Methods@#This study was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee, and informed consent was obtained from the patients. CBCT imaging data of 300 mandibular first molars from 300 Tibetan patients were included. Patient age, the number of roots in mandibular first molars were recorded. The morphology and incidence of mesial root and mesial root canals and the morphology and incidence of distal root and distal root canals were statistically analyzed by Vertucci classification. @*Results @#There were 198 double-root teeth and 102 three-root teeth in the 300 mandibular first permanent molars. Among the three-rooted molars, 1 case had mesiolingual roots, and the rest had distolingual roots. The incidence rate of the distolingual root was 33.7%(101/300). The most common root canal configuration was Vertucci Ⅳ 65.7% (197/300), followed by Vertucci Ⅱ 20.3% (61/300) in the mesial roots. The overall incidence of middle mesial canals (MMCs) was 6% (18/300), with the highest incidence of MMCs in the 20-40 year-old group at 9% (9/100). The distal roots canals of single-distal-rooted mandibular first molars were mainly Vertucci Ⅰ 66.8% (133/199), followed by Vertucci Ⅱ 14.6% (29/199) and Vertucci Ⅳ 11.6% (23/199). For the mandibular first permanent molars with two distal roots, 96% (97/101) of the distal buccal roots and 100% (101/101) of the distal lingual roots were Vertucci Ⅰ root canals. @*Conclusion@# The root and root canal morphology of mandibular first permanent molars in a Tibetan population is complex and variable. Approximately one-third of patients have distolingual roots, and clinicians should carefully explore the root canals under the guidance of CBCT.
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OBJECTIVE@#Diterpenoids with a wide variety of biological activities from Anoectochilus roxburghii, a precious medicinal plant, are important active components. However, due to the lack of genetic information on the metabolic process of diterpenoids in A. roxburghii, the genes involved in the molecular regulation mechanism of diterpenoid metabolism are still unclear. This study revealed the complex metabolic genes for diterpenoids biosynthesis in different organs of A. roxburghii by combining analysis of transcriptomics and metabolomics.@*METHODS@#The differences in diterpenoid accumulation in roots, stems and leaves of A. roxburghii were analyzed by metabonomic analysis, and its metabolic gene information was obtained by transcriptome sequencing. Then, the molecular mechanism of differential diterpenoid accumulation in different organs of A. roxburghii was analyzed from the perspective of gene expression patterns.@*RESULTS@#A total of 296 terpenoid metabolites were identified in the five terpenoid metabolic pathways in A. roxburghii. There were 38, 34, and 18 diterpenoids with different contents between roots and leaves, between leaves and stems, and between roots and stems, respectively. Twenty-nine metabolic enzyme genes with 883 unigenes in the diterpenoid synthesis process were identified, and the DXS and FDPS in the terpenoid backbone biosynthesis stage and CPA, GA20ox, GA3ox, GA2ox, and MAS in the diterpenoid biosynthesis stage were predicted to be the key metabolic enzymes for the accumulation of diterpenoids. In addition, 14 key transcription factor coding genes were predicted to be involved in the regulation of the diterpenoid biosynthesis. The expression of genes such as GA2ox, MAS, CPA, GA20ox and GA3ox might be activated by some of the 14 transcription factors. The transcription factor NTF-Y and PRE6 were predicted to be the most important transcription factors.@*CONCLUSION@#This study determined 29 metabolic enzyme genes and predicted 14 transcription factors involved in the molecular regulation mechanism of diterpenoid metabolism in A. roxburghii, which provided a reference for the further study of the molecular regulation mechanism of the accumulation of diterpenoids in different organs of A. roxburghii.
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Some Chinese herbs have been used to prevent and treat diseases, and are also used as common food ingredients. These Chinese herbs are potential resource for research and development of new drugs. Leek roots is a typical medicine of food and medicine continuum. It has a long history of medicinal applications and edible food in China. In this paper, the origin, biological active components, pharmacological action and clinical application of leek roots were introduced. We hope that this review will contribute to the development of leek roots for pharmaceutical research and clinical applications, as well as related health products.
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Este artigo tem como objetivo principal compreender a trajetória de construção dos Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF) antes de sua institucionalização no meio acadêmico. A problemática central reside na escassez de informações disponíveis sobre os Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF) em seu estágio inicial, antes de serem formalmente reconhecidos no contexto acadêmico. A metodologia adotada neste estudo consistiu em uma abordagem de pesquisa bibliográfica, conduzida por meio de leituras exploratórias. A partir dessas análises, considera-se que a concepção dos Estudos Culturais Físicos (ECF), advém de diversos acontecimentos históricos e sociais que possibilitaram a criação de uma nova abordagem na produção de conhecimento da Sociologia do Esporte norte- americana e que compreende a subjetividade do corpo/sujeito além da sua capacidade de performance no esporte/cultura física.
This article aims to primarily comprehend the developmental trajectory of Physical Cultural Studies (PCS) prior to its institutionalization within the academic realm. The central issue lies in the scarcity of available information regarding PCS during its nascent stage, before gaining formal recognition within the academic context. The methodology employed in this study involves a bibliographic research approach, conducted through exploratory readings. Based on these analyses, it is considered that the conception of PCS arises from various historical and societal events that facilitated the creation of a novel approach in generating knowledge within American Sociology of Sport. This approach extends beyond the assessment of sporting performance, delving into the realm of the body's and subject's subjectivity, encompassing facets beyond their athletic prowess in sport/physical culture.
Este artículo tiene como objetivo principal comprender la trayectoria de construcción de los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) antes de su institucionalización en el ámbito académico. La problemática central radica en la escasez de información disponible sobre los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) en su etapa inicial, antes de ser reconocidos formalmente en el contexto académico. La metodología adoptada en este estudio consistió en un enfoque de investigación bibliográfica, llevada a cabo mediante lecturas exploratorias. A partir de estos análisis, se considera que la concepción de los Estudios Culturales Físicos (ECF) proviene de diversos acontecimientos históricos y sociales que posibilitaron la creación de un nuevo enfoque en la producción de conocimiento de la Sociología del Deporte estadounidense y que comprende la subjetividad del cuerpo/sujeto más allá de su capacidad de rendimiento en el deporte/cultura física.
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For the success of a root canal treatment, an in-depth knowledge of pulpal anatomy and its variations are essential. Failure to perform thorough debridement and improper obturation will lead to reinfection of the root canal, which will adversely affect the treatment outcome. Mandibular premolars usually have single root with single root canal system. Howeveranatomic variations of mandibular premolar have been reported. The clinician should be aware of the configuration of the pulp system for the successful endodontic treatment. The incidence of two roots in these teeth is quite rare. This report presents the clinical management of mandibular premolar having two roots bifurcated at the mid-root level
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Background: This study evaluated the effects of using different root canal sealers and protocols for cleaning intraradicular dentin on the bond strength of a composite resin used to reinforce weakened roots. Material and Methods: Sixty-four roots of extracted human maxillary canines were weakened, prepared and filled with two different endodontic sealers (Endofill and AH Plus). In half of the sample, set aside for each respective sealer, excess filling material was cleaned. In the other half, the weakened areas were not cleaned, and the excess of sealer was spread on the intraradicular dentin. Intentionally worn areas inside each root were restored with a microhybrid light-cure composite resin (Z100) to reinforce them, with and without acid etching. Prefabricated metal posts were fixed with a dual resin cement (RelyX ARC), and the specimens were submitted to a pull-out test. Statistical analysis was performed by means of Shapiro-Wilk, analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Tukey-Kramer tests (p<0.05). Results: The groups filled with Endofill (GI, GII, GIII, GIV) had the lowest bond strength values, which were similar among each other (p>0.05).The greatest bond strength values were observed in roots filled with AH Plus (GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII), mainly without cleaning of the weakened areas, and followed by acid etching (GVII), and also with cleaning of the weakened areas, however, with no acid etching (GVI) (p<0.05). Conclusion: The greatest bond strength values were observed in roots filled with AH Plus; (1) without cleaning of the weakened areas and with acid etching, and; (2) with cleaning of the weakened areas, but without acid etching.
Antecedentes: este estudio evaluó los efectos del uso de diferentes selladores de conductos radiculares y protocolos para limpiar la dentina intrarradicular sobre la fuerza de unión de una resina compuesta utilizada para reforzar las raíces debilitadas. Material y Métodos: Sesenta y cuatro raíces de caninos maxilares humanos extraídos fueron debilitadas, preparadas y rellenadas con dos selladores endodónticos diferentes (Endofill y AH Plus). En la mitad de la muestra, reservada para cada sellador respectivo, se limpió el exceso de material de relleno. En la otra mitad, las áreas debilitadas no se limpiaron y el exceso de sellador se esparció sobre la dentina intrarradicular. Las áreas desgastadas intencionalmente dentro de cada raíz se restauraron con una resina compuesta fotopolimerizable microhíbrida (Z100) para reforzarlas, con y sin grabado ácido. Los postes metálicos prefabricados se fijaron con un cemento de resina dual (RelyX ARC) y los especímenes se sometieron a una prueba de extracción. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante Shapiro-Wilk, análisis de varianza (ANOVA de una vía) y pruebas de Tukey-Kramer (p<0,05). Resultados: Los grupos rellenos con Endofill (GI, GII, GIII, GIV) presentaron los valores más bajos de fuerza de unión, los cuales fueron similares entre sí (p>0,05). Los mayores valores de fuerza de unión se observaron en raíces rellenas con AH Plus (GV, GVI, GVII, GVIII), principalmente sin limpieza de las áreas debilitadas, seguido de grabado ácido (GVII), y también con limpieza de las áreas debilitadas aunque sin grabado ácido (GVI) (p<0.05). Conclusión: Los mayores valores de fuerza de unión se observaron en las raíces rellenas con AH Plus; (1) sin limpieza de las áreas debilitadas y con grabado ácido, y; (2) con limpieza de las áreas debilitadas, pero sin grabado ácido.
Assuntos
Humanos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular , Adesivos Dentinários , Dentina/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência à Flexão , Resultado do Tratamento , Cavidade Pulpar/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Immigrant writers depict the multi-cultural ethos, which gyrate around questions of belonging, race, gender, sexuality, cultural differences and multiple identities. This involves the recognition of 'difference', 'otherness' 'femaleness', 'colour', 'ethnicity', in short, pluralism as such. The writers reveal the Indian diaspora as heterogeneous and not as something monolithic, for the paradigms from within which each immigrant writer works out her raw materials vary. The nuances of cultural interaction become the striking thematic link evident in their works. They incorporate the experiences of dislocation experienced by immigrant women protagonists in their respective foreign spaces. The Indian immigrants, who vacillate between the two cultures, confront identity crisis which is painful, yet inevitable. Preethi Nair's One Hundred Shades of White depicts the attempts made by the protagonists Nalini and Maya to ?nd a meaningful place for themselves in the foreign culture to which they have migrated.
RESUMO
Abstract Objective This is an anatomical study of C4 and C5 roots for nerve transfers in upper brachial plexus injuries, with surgical technique demonstration. Methods Fifteen brachial plexuses from both male and female cadavers were dissected. Morphological features of C4 and C5 roots were recorded and analyzed, followed by a neurotization simulation. Results In all dissections, C4 and C5 roots morphological features allowed their mobilization and neurotization with no need for a nerve graft. The surgical technique spared important regional nerve branches. Conclusion Based on these data, we conclude that C4-C5 nerve transfers are feasible and result in no additional neurological deficit in upper brachial plexus injuries.
Resumo Objetivo Estudo anatômico das raízes usadas na transferência nervosa de C4 para C5 nas lesões altas do plexo braquial, com demonstração da técnica cirúrgica. Métodos Dissecção de 15 plexos braquiais de cadáveres de ambos os sexos, registro e análise das características morfológicas das raízes de C4 e C5 e simulação de neurotização. Resultados As características morfológicas encontradas nas raízes de C4 e C5 em todas as dissecções permitiram a mobilização das mesmas e a realização de uma neurotização sem a necessidade de usar enxerto nervoso. A técnica cirúrgica permitiu preservar ramos nervosos importantes na região abordada. Conclusão Com base nos dados encontrados no presente estudo, podemos concluir que é possível realizar a transferência entre C4 e C5 sem provocar déficit neurológico adicional nas lesões altas de plexo braquial.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Plexo Braquial/anatomia & histologia , Plexo Braquial/lesões , Cadáver , Plexo Cervical/lesões , Transferência de NervoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE To isolate and ide ntify the chemical constituents of the root of Ardisia virens and preliminarily evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds. METHODS The ethyl acetate extraction part from 70% ethanol extract of the root of A. virens were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography ,ODS column chromatography , etc. The structures of the compounds were identified according to physical and chemical properties and spectral data. The inflammation model of RAW 264.7 cells was induced by lipopolysaccharide ,and anti-inflammatory activity of the compound was investigated by MTT assay. RESULTS A total of 11 compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate extraction part ,and were identified as cyclamiretin A (1),α-spinasterol (2),(3S,5R,6S,7E)-3,5,6-trihydroxy-7-megastigmen-9-one (3), (+)-angelicoidenol(4),octadeca-dienoic acid- 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester (5),α-linolenic acid (6),glycerol monooleate (7),5, 5′-(4,7-hexadecadlene-1,16-diyl)bisresorcinol(8),1-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)heptan-1-one(9),5-heptylresorcinol and (10) 5-n-nonylresorcinol(11). The in vitro anti-inflammatory results showed that 80,40,20,10,5 μg/mL of compounds 2,8,9 and 10 could reduce the cell survival rate in different degrees. CONCLUSIONS Compounds 1-11 are isolated from this plant for the first time,and compound 8 is a new natural product. Compound 2,8,9 and 10 show certain anti-inflammatory activity in vitro .