Comparison of safety and effectiveness of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and "slow cook" diode laser transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory open-angle glaucoma

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to compare the safety and effectiveness of intraocular pressure reduction between micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory primary open-angle glaucoma. Methods: We included patients with primary open angle glaucoma with at least 12 months of follow-up. We collected and analyzed data on the preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcomes. The primary outcomes were a reduction of ≥20% of the baseline value (criterion A) and/or intraocular pressure between 6 and 21 mmHg (criterion B). Results: We included 128 eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma. The preoperative mean intraocular pressure was 25.53 ± 6.40 and 35.02 ± 12.57 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean intraocular pressure was reduced significantly to 14.33 ± 3.40 and 15.37 ± 5.85 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups at the last follow-up, respectively (p=0.110). The mean intraocular pressure reduction at 12 months was 11.20 ± 11.46 and 19.65 ± 13.22 mmHg in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The median preoperative logMAR visual acuity was 0.52 ± 0.69 and 1.75 ± 1.04 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The mean visual acuity variation was −0.10 ± 0.35 and −0.074 ± 0.16 in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p=0.510). Preoperatively, the mean eye drops were 3.44 ± 1.38 and 2.89 ± 0.68 drugs in the micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p=0.017), but those were 2.06 ± 1.42 and 1.02 ± 1.46 at the end of the study in the "slow cook" and micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation groups, respectively (p<0.001). The success of criterion A was not significant between both groups. Compared with 11 eyes (17.74%) in the "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group, 19 eyes (28.78%) in the micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation group showed complete success (p=0.171). For criterion B, 28 (42.42%) and 2 eyes (3.22%) showed complete success after micropulse- and "slow cook" transscleral cyclophotocoagulation, respectively (p<0.001). Conclusion: Both techniques reduced intraocular pressure effectively.

Anterior lamellar corneoscleral keratoplasty for the management of corneal thinning following treatment with mitomycin-C and interferon to treat highly suspected ocular surface squamous neoplasia: a case report

ABSTRACT A patient presented with corneoscleral thinning five months after the treatment of suspected ocular squamous surface neoplasia with mitomycin-C and interferon. For tectonic and aesthetic purposes, we decided to perform lamellar corneoscleral transplantation. The approach used established new tectonic support and corneal homeostasis. This technique might be an option in similar cases.

Evaluation of perioperative pachymetry of thin corneas during corneal crosslinking using hypo-osmolar riboflavin and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study aimed to analyze variations in intraoperative corneal thickness during corneal cross-linking in patients with keratoconus and to investigate its possible correlation with presurgical maximal keratometry (Kmax) and pachymetry. Methods: This was a prospective case series. We used a method similar to the Dresden protocol, with the application of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose 0.1% hypo-osmolar riboflavin in corneas between 330 and 400 µm after epithelium removal. Corneal thickness was measured using portable calipers before and immediately after epithelium removal, and 30 and 60 min after the procedure. Results: The 30 patients in this study were followed up for one year. A statistically significant difference was observed in pachymetry values during the intraoperative period (p<0.0001) and an increase of 3.05 µm (95%C1: 0.56-5.54) for each diopter was seen after epithelium removal (p0.019). We found an average Kmax difference of —2.12 D between men and women (p0.013). One year after treatment, there was a statistically significant reduction in pachymetry (p<0.0001) and Kmax (p0.0170) values. Conclusions: A significant increase in pachymetry measurements was seen during the procedure, and most patients showed a regression in Kmax and pachymetry values one year after surgery.

Conocimiento en estudiantes de enfermería sobre sepsis quirúrgico / Knowledge in nursing students about surgical sepsis

Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato sobre sepsis quirúrgica. Material y método: La presente investigación tiene un diseño de desarrollo observacional, de tipo descriptivo, cohorte transversal, con un enfoque cuantitativo, ya que el nivel de cono-cimiento se verá representado mediante tablas y gráficos para des-cribir la problemática del periodo octubre 2023 febrero 2024. Re-sultados: Se evidencia un alto porcentaje de respuestas incorrectas por cada ítem por parte de los estudiantes. La categoría Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Definición de Sepsis, fue respondida de ma-nera incorrecta con un porcentaje del 83,9%, la categoría Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Diagnóstico de Sepsis obtuvo 51,7% y, por úl-timo, la Nivel de Conocimiento sobre Tratamiento de Sepsis con el 29,2%. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre Sepsis Quirúrgica es malo, debido a que existe una subesti-mación de la gravedad de la sepsis como afección potencialmente mortal, lo que puede traer un impacto negativo en los pacientes[AU]

Objective: Determine the level of knowledge of nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato about surgical sepsis. Mate-rials and methods: This research has an observational, descriptive, transversal development design, with a quantitative approach since the level of knowledge will be represented through tables and gra-phs to describe the problems of the period October 2023-February 2024. Results: A high percentage of incorrect answers for each item by the students is evident. The category Level of Knowledge about Definition of Sepsis was answered incorrectly with a percentage of 83.9%, the category Level of Knowledge about Diagnosis of Sepsis obtained 51.7% and, finally, the category Level of Knowledge about Treatment of Sepsis. Sepsis with 29.2%. Conclusions: The level of knowledge of students about Surgical Sepsis is poor because there is an underestimation of the severity of sepsis as a potentially fatal condition, which can have a negative impact on patients[AU]

Objetivo: Determinar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Técnica de Ambato sobre sepse ci-rúrgica. Material e método: Esta pesquisa possui desenho de coor-te observacional, descritivo, transversal, com abordagem quantita-tiva, uma vez que o nível de conhecimento será representado por meio de tabelas e gráficos para descrever o problema no período de outubro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024. Resultados: Uma parada. É evidente o percentual de respostas incorretas para cada item por parte dos alunos. A categoria Nível de Conhecimento sobre Defi-nição de Sepse foi respondida incorretamente com percentual de 83,9%, a categoria Nível de Conhecimento sobre Diagnóstico de Sepse obteve 51,7% e por fim, a categoria Nível de Conhecimen-to sobre Tratamento de Sepse com 29,2%. Conclusões: O nível de conhecimento dos estudantes sobre a Sepse Cirúrgica é baixo, pois há uma subestimação da gravidade da sepse como uma condição potencialmente fatal, que pode ter um impacto negativo nos pa-cientes[AU]

Riesgo cardiovascular, dislipemias e indicación de estatinas en una población de obesos mórbidos

Introducción: La obesidad se relaciona con un riesgo cardiovascular (RCV) elevado. Esto nos obliga a tomar conductas terapéuticas y prevencionistas. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar el riesgo cardiovascular en una población de obesos mórbidos y valorar la correcta indicación de estatinas. Metodología: Estudio transversal, descriptivo, observacional, con la población obesos mórbidos del Programa de Obesidad y Cirugía Bariátrica (POCB) del Hospital Maciel, desde noviembre del 2014 a marzo del 2020. El RCV se valoró con la calculadora de la organización panamericana de la salud. La indicación de estatinas se consideró según RCV o diagnóstico de dislipemia. Resultados: Se analizaron 478 pacientes, el 84.3% fueron mujeres, la mediana para la edad fue de 44 años, y para el IMC 50 kg/m2. Se calculó un RCV bajo para el 57% de los pacientes; y alto o muy alto para un 37%. La prevalencia de las dislipemias fue 84,3%, a predominio de hipercolesterolemia (33,7%) y dislipemia aterogénica (19,5%). El 60.6% (290) de los pacientes presenta indicación de tratamiento con estatinas, solo el 38.9%. (113) las recibe. El 38.1% (43) alcanzan los objetivos terapéuticos. Conclusiones : La obesidad presenta múltiples comorbilidades que aumentan el RCV, aun así se encuentra subestimada por las calculadoras de riesgo. Queda en evidencia un infratratamiento farmacológico de estos pacientes, no logrando los objetivos terapéuticos propuestos.

Introduction: Obesity is related to a high cardiovascular risk (CVR). This forces us to take therapeutic and preventive behaviors. The objective of this work is to evaluate cardiovascular risk in a morbidly obese population and assess the correct indication of statins. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive, observational study, with the morbidly obese population of the Obesity and Bariatric Surgery Program (POCB) of the Maciel Hospital, from November 2014 to March 2020. CVR was assessed with the calculator of the Pan-American health organization. The indication for statins was considered according to CVR or diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Results: 478 patients were analyzed, 84.3% were women, the median age was 44 years, and the BMI was 50 kg/m2. A low CVR was calculated for 57% of patients; and high or very high for 37%. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was 84.3%, with a predominance of hypercholesterolemia (33.7%) and atherogenic dyslipidemia (19.5%). 60.6% (290) of patients have an indication for treatment with statins, only 38.9%. (113) receives them. 38.1% (43) achieved therapeutic objectives. Conclusions: Obesity presents multiple comorbidities that increase CVR, yet it is underestimated by risk calculators. Pharmacological undertreatment of these patients is evident, not achieving the proposed therapeutic objectives.

Introdução : A obesidade está relacionada a um alto risco cardiovascular (RCV). Isso nos obriga a adotar comportamentos terapêuticos e preventivos. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o risco cardiovascular em uma população com obesidade mórbida e avaliar a correta indicação de estatinas. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, descritivo, observacional, com a população com obesidade mórbida do Programa de Obesidade e Cirurgia Bariátrica (POCB) do Hospital Maciel, no período de novembro de 2014 a março de 2020. O RCV foi avaliado com a calculadora da organização pan-americana de saúde. A indicação de estatinas foi considerada de acordo com RCV ou diagnóstico de dislipidemia. Resultados: Foram analisados ​​478 pacientes, 84,3% eram mulheres, a mediana de idade foi de 44 anos e o IMC foi de 50 kg/m2. Um RCV baixo foi calculado para 57% dos pacientes; e alto ou muito alto para 37%. A prevalência de dislipidemia foi de 84,3%, com predomínio de hipercolesterolemia (33,7%) e dislipidemia aterogênica (19,5%). 60,6% (290) dos pacientes têm indicação de tratamento com estatinas, apenas 38,9%. (113) os recebe. 38,1% (43) alcançaram objetivos terapêuticos. Conclusões: A obesidade apresenta múltiplas comorbidades que aumentam o RCV, mas é subestimada pelas calculadoras de risco. É evidente o subtratamento farmacológico destes pacientes, não atingindo os objetivos terapêuticos propostos.

Abordagens cirúrgicas para cisto dentígero: revisão de literatura / Surgical approaches for dentigerous cyst: literature review

O objetivo desta revisão integrativa foi elaborar uma avaliação qualitativa da literatura existente sobre as modalidades de tratamento utilizadas para cistos dentígeros em pacientes pediátricos. O presente estudo trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura na qual utilizou-se as bases de dados PubMed, BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde), LILACS, e SciELO. Como critérios de inclusão estavam os artigos publicados na íntegra, relatos de caso clínico, revisões sistemáticas e de meta-análise publicados nos últimos 10 anos, disponível nos idiomas português ou inglês, que abordassem a temática. Os critérios de exclusão foram: resumos, anais, editoriais, cartas ao editor, reflexão, duplicidade, artigos com detalhamento incompleto. O cisto dentígero é o tipo mais comum dos cistos odontogênicos de desenvolvimento e o segundo mais frequente entre todos que ocorrem nos maxilares, representando cerca de 20% de todos os cistos revestidos por epitélio nos ossos gnáticos. Clinicamente pode estar associado a qualquer dente impactado, porém ele envolve com mais frequência os terceiros molares inferiores. Acomete pacientes entre 10 a 30 anos de idade, com predileção pelo sexo masculino, sendo na maioria dos casos detectados em exames radiográficos de rotina. O tratamento baseia-se nas técnicas de descompressão, marsupialização e enucleação. O prognóstico para os cistos dentígeros é altamente favorável e não há chance de recorrência após a remoção completa. Assim, a decisão terapêutica deve ser tomada de forma adequada para cada caso, levando em consideração a localização anatômica, extensão clínica, tamanho, idade, remoção do dente não irrompido e possibilidades de acompanhamento.

The aim of this integrative review was to carry out a qualitative assessment of the existing literature on the treatment modalities used for dentigerous cysts in pediatric patients. This study is an integrative literature review using the PubMed, VHL (Virtual Health Library), LILACS and SciELO databases. The inclusion criteria were articles published in full, clinical case reports, systematic reviews and meta-analysis published in the last 10 years, available in Portuguese or English, which addressed the subject. The exclusion criteria were: abstracts, annals, editorials, letters to the editor, reflection, duplication, articles with incomplete details. The dentigerous cyst is the most common type of developmental odontogenic cyst and the second most frequent of all those that occur in the jaws, accounting for around 20% of all epithelium-lined cysts in the gnathic bones. Clinically, it can be associated with any impacted tooth, but it most often involves the lower third molars. It affects patients between 10 and 30 years of age, with a predilection for males, and in most cases it is detected during routine radiographic examinations. Treatment is based on decompression, marsupialization and enucleation. The prognosis for dentigerous cysts is highly favorable and there is no chance of recurrence after complete removal. Therefore, the therapeutic decision must be made appropriately for each case, taking into account the anatomical location, clinical extension, size, age, removal of the unerupted tooth and follow-up possibilities.

Acoso laboral y sexual en residentes de cirugía colombianos en 2023 / Workplace and sexual harassment among Colombian surgical residents during 2023

Introducción. El acoso laboral y sexual son problemas latentes durante la formación de los cirujanos, que conllevan repercusiones negativas a nivel individual, organizacional y del sistema sanitario. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la prevalencia de estos tipos de acoso en residentes de cirugía colombianos. Métodos. Estudio nacional, de corte transversal, realizado en los veinte programas de residencia del país en septiembre de 2023. Los residentes autoevaluaron su exposición a ambas formas de acoso mediante cuestionarios validados. Se realizaron comparaciones entre víctimas y no víctimas de acoso, en función de las características demográficas de la población. Se evaluó la frecuencia de conductas de acoso laboral cometidas por diferentes perpetradores. Resultados. Se incluyeron 238 residentes (64,7 % del total de la población). Las tasas de acoso laboral y sexual fueron de 35,3 % y 18,1 %, respectivamente. Ambos tipos de acoso fueron significativamente mayores en los programas ubicados en el centro del país. El acoso sexual fue significativamente mayor entre las mujeres. Los profesores de cirugía y los residentes de niveles superiores fueron los principales perpetradores de conductas de acoso laboral. Conclusiones. El acoso laboral y sexual es altamente prevalente en la formación de los cirujanos colombianos. Estos hallazgos deben alertar a profesores, médicos residentes y otros grupos de interés, para fomentar ambientes y cultura educativa saludables, que permitan disminuir la prevalencia de estos comportamientos.

Introduction. Workplace and sexual harassment are latent problems during surgical training, which have negative repercussions at the individual, organizational and health system levels. The objective of the present study was to explore the prevalence of these types of harassment in all Colombian surgical residents. Methods. National cross-sectional study conducted in twenty residency programs in September 2023. Residents self-assessed their exposure to both forms of harassment using validated questionnaires. Comparisons were made between victims and non-victims of bullying, based on the demographic characteristics of the population. The frequency of workplace harassment behaviors committed by different perpetrators was evaluated. Results. A total of 238 residents were included (64.7% of population). Rates of workplace and sexual harassment were 35.3% and 18.1%, respectively. Both types of harassment were significantly higher in programs located in the central region of the country. Sexual harassment was significantly higher among women. Surgery professors and senior residents were the main perpetrators of workplace bullying behaviors. Conclusions. Workplace and sexual harassment is highly prevalent during surgical training of Colombian surgeons. These findings should alert professors, residents, and other interest groups to promote healthy educational environments and culture, which will reduce the prevalence of these behaviors.

Fortaleciendo la experticia adaptativa en la educación quirúrgica: un enfoque integral y estratégico / Strengthening adaptive expertise in surgical education: A comprehensive and strategic approach

Introducción. La formación integral de los residentes excede el conocimiento teórico y la técnica operatoria. Frente a la complejidad de la cirugía moderna, su incertidumbre y dinamismo, es necesario redefinir la comprensión de la educación quirúrgica y promover capacidades adaptativas en los futuros cirujanos para manejar efectivamente el entorno. Estos aspectos se refieren a la experticia adaptativa. Métodos. La presente revisión narrativa propone una definición de la educación quirúrgica con énfasis en la experticia adaptativa, y un enfoque para su adopción en la práctica. Resultados. Con base en la literatura disponible, la educación quirúrgica representa un proceso dinámico que se sitúa en la intersección de la complejidad de la cultura quirúrgica, del aprendizaje en el sitio de trabajo y de la calidad en el cuidado de la salud, dirigido a la formación de capacidades cognitivas, manuales y adaptativas en el futuro cirujano, que le permitan proveer cuidado de alto valor en un sistema de trabajo colectivo, mientras se fortalece su identidad profesional. La experticia adaptativa del residente es una capacidad fundamental para maximizar su desempeño frente a estas características de la educación quirúrgica. En la literatura disponible se encuentran seis estrategias para fortalecer esta capacidad. Conclusión. La experticia adaptativa es una capacidad esperada y necesaria en el médico residente de cirugía, para hacer frente a la complejidad de la educación quirúrgica. Existen estrategias prácticas que pueden ayudar a fortalecerla, las cuales deben ser evaluadas en nuevos estudios.

Introduction. The comprehensive training of residents exceeds theoretical knowledge and operative technique. Faced with the complexity of modern surgery, its uncertainty and dynamism, it is necessary to redefine the understanding of surgical education and promote adaptive capabilities in future surgeons for the effective management of the environment. These aspects refer to adaptive expertise. Methods. The present narrative review proposes a definition of surgical education with an emphasis on adaptive expertise, and an approach for its adoption in practice. Results. Based on the available literature, surgical education represents a dynamic process that is situated at the intersection of the complexity of surgical culture, learning in the workplace, and quality in health care, aimed at training of cognitive, manual, and adaptive capacities in the future surgeon, which allow them to provide high-value care in a collective work system, while strengthening their professional identity. Resident's adaptive expertise is a fundamental capacity to maximize his or her performance in the face of these characteristics of surgical education. In the available literature there are six strategies to strengthen this capacity. Conclusion. Adaptive expertise is an expected and necessary capacity in the surgical resident to deal with the complexity of surgical education. There are practical strategies that can help strengthen it, which must be evaluated in new studies.

Clinical profile of early- and late-onset colorectal cancer patients in a referral medical center in Medellín, Colombia: A comparative analysis / Perfil clínico de pacientes con cáncer colorrectal de aparición temprana y tardía en un centro médico de referencia en Medellín, Colombia: Un análisis comparativo

Introduction. Incidence of early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer (CRC) in individuals aged < 50 years, is rising worldwide. Despite the increasing international scientific production on EOCRC, research is limited in Colombia. The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical features of adults with EOCRC and late-onset CRC (LOCRC, CRC in individuals aged ≥ 50 years). Methods. An observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted with CRC patients ≥ 18 years old at one medical center in Medellín, Colombia. Clinical and pathological data were retrieved from the Institutional Cancer Registry. Two analysis groups were established: EOCRC and LOCRC. The Chi-Square test was applied to compare the variables of interest between both groups. Results. The sample included 1,202 patients, 53.5% were female (N=643) and the median age was 65 years (interquartile range: 55-73). EOCRC represented 15.9% (N=192). LOCRC tended to have more history of cardiometabolic diseases and smoking (p<0.001) than EOCRC. CRC family history was proportionally more frequent in EOCRC (7.3% vs 3.8%; p=0.028) than in LOCRC. Right-sided tumors were more common in LOCRC (30.4% vs 21.9%; p=0.041) and left-sided tumors in EOCRC (30.7% vs 23.2%; p=0.041). Only one patient had inflammatory bowel disease history. Conclusion. EOCRC is clinically distinct from LOCRC regarding pathological and toxicological history as well as tumor location. Our findings provide valuable insights for enhancing clinical decision-making, particularly in relation to age at onset in Colombian CRC patients.

Introducción. La incidencia de cáncer colorrectal (CCR) de aparición temprana (CCR-ATem), definido como CCR en individuos menores de 50 años, está aumentando en todo el mundo. A pesar del incremento en la producción científica internacional sobre CCR-ATem, la investigación es limitada en Colombia. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar clínicamente los adultos con CCR-ATem y CCR de aparición tardía (CCR-ATar, CCR en individuos ≥ 50 años). Métodos. Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, transversal, en el que se incluyeron los pacientes adultos con CCR atendidos en un centro médico de Medellín, Colombia. Los datos se obtuvieron del Registro Institucional de Cáncer. Se establecieron dos grupos de análisis: CCR-ATem y CCR-ATar. Se aplicó la prueba de Chi cuadrado para comparar las variables de interés entre ambos grupos. Resultados. La muestra incluyó 1.202 pacientes, 53,5 % fueron mujeres (N=643), y la mediana de edad fue de 65 años (rango intercuartil: 55-73). CCR-ATem representó el 15,9 % (N=192). CCR-ATar tuvo más casos de enfermedades cardiometabólicas y tabaquismo (p<0,001). El antecedente familiar de CCR fue proporcionalmente más frecuente en CCR-ATem (7,3 % vs. 3,8 %; p=0,028). Los tumores del colon derecho fueron más frecuentes en CCR-ATar (30,4 % vs. 21,9 %; p=0,041) y los del colon izquierdo en CCR-ATem (30,7 % vs. 23,2 %; p=0,041). Solo un paciente tuvo antecedente de enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal. Conclusión. CCR-ATem es clínicamente distinto de CCR-ATar con respecto a antecedentes patológicos y toxicológicos, y localización tumoral. Nuestros hallazgos proporcionan información útil para mejorar la toma de decisiones clínicas, particularmente en relación con la edad de inicio en pacientes colombianos con CCR.

Transplante dentário autólogo: revisão integrativa / Dental autologous transplantation: an integrative literaturereview / Trasplante dental autólogo: una revisión integradora de la literatura

Introdução:O transplante autólogo dentário é uma técnica cirúrgica na qual há a transposição de um dente para uma nova área receptora, no mesmo paciente. É viável para o tratamento de ausências e impactações dentárias. O método apresenta benefícios como manutenção de periodonto vital, volume ósseo alveolar e papila dentária, possibilidade de movimentação dentária por forças ortodônticas ou fisiológicas e estética favorável.Objetivo:Promover uma revisão de literatura sobre o transplante dentário autólogo, visando relatar as principais indicações, benefícios e contraindicações da técnica, além de descrever o protocolo cirúrgico e os fatores que influenciam no sucesso, de modo a orientar o manejo clínico.Metodologia:Para esse fim, as bases de dados analisadas foram PUBMED, LILACS e SCIELO, sendo obtidos artigos de Revisão Sistemática e Metanálises dos anos de 2018 a 2023.Resultados:O autotransplante apresenta taxas de sobrevida entre 93% e 100% e taxas de sucesso entre 89,4% e 96,6%, o que depende dos fatores relacionados ao paciente, ao dente doador, à área receptora e à técnica cirúrgica.Dentes anteriores e com ápice aberto apresentam melhores taxas de sobrevivência e sucesso em relação aos dentes posteriores e de ápice fechado, todavia não há comprovação que os demais pontos realmente influenciam diretamente no método. Conclusões:Com isso, podemos compreender que o estabelecimento de protocolos pré,trans e pós-operatório, além de esclarecimento de todos os fatores que influenciam na técnica, devem ser foco de estudos dos Cirurgiões-Dentistas, trazendo benefícios consideráveisparao manejo cirúrgico e saúde desses pacientes (AU).

Introduction:Autologous dental transplantation is a surgical technique in which there is the transposition of a tooth to a new recipient area within the same patient. It is a viable option for treating dental absenteeism and impactions. The method offers benefits such as the maintenance of vital periodontium, alveolar bone volume, and dental papilla, the possibility of dental movement through orthodontic or physiological forces, and favorable aesthetics.Objective:To promote a literature review on autologous dental transplantation, aiming to report the main indications, benefits, and contraindications of the technique, in addition to describe the surgical protocol and factors influencing success, providing guidance for clinical management.Methodology:For this purpose, the analyzed databases included PUBMED, LILACS, and SCIELO, obtaining Systematic Review and Meta-Analysesarticles from the years 2018 to 2023.Results:Autotransplantation presents survival rates between 93% and 100% and success rates between 89.4% and 96.6%, depending on factors related to the patient, the donor tooth, the recipient area, and the surgical technique. Anterior teeth with open apices present better survival and success rates compared to posterior teeth with closed apices, however, there is no conclusive evidence that other factors directly influence the method.Conclusions:Therefore, we can understand that the establishment of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative protocols, along with clarification of all factors influencing the technique, should be the focus of studies for Dental Surgeons, bringing significant benefits to these individuals' health (AU).

Introducción: : El trasplante autólogo dental es una técnica quirúrgica en la que se transpone un diente a una nueva área receptora, en el mismo paciente. Es viable para el tratamiento de ausencias e impactos dentales. El método presenta beneficios como mantenimiento de periodonto vital, volumen óseo alveolar y papila dental, posibilidad de movimiento dental por parte de fuerzas ortodoncias o fisiológicas y estética favorable.Objetivo: Promover una revisión de la literatura sobre el trasplante dentario autólogo, con el objetivo de reportar las principales indicaciones, beneficios y contra indicaciones de la técnica, además de describir el protocolo quirúrgico ylos factores que influyen en el éxito, con el fin de orientar el manejo clínico.Metodología: Para este fin, las bases de datos analizadas fueron PUBMED, LILACS y SCIELO, siendo obtenidos artículos de Revisión Sistemática y Metanálisis de los años 2018 a2023.Resultados: El autotrasplante presenta tasas de sobrevida entre 93% y 100% y tasa de éxito entre 89,4% y 96,6%, lo que depende de los factores relacionados con el paciente, el donante, el área receptora y la técnica quirúrgica. Los dientes anteriores y ápice abiertos presentan mejores tasas de supervivencia y éxito con respecto a los dientes posteriores y de ápice cerrado, pero no hay prueba de que los demás puntos realmente influyen directamente en el método.Conclusiones: Con eso, podemos comprender que el establecimiento de protocolos pre, intra y postoperatorio, además de esclarecimiento de todos los factores que influyen en la técnica, deben ser foco de estudios de los CirujanosDentistas, trayendo beneficios considerables para la salud de estos individuos (AU).

Síndrome de la costilla deslizante en la edad pediátrica. Serie de casos / Slipping rib syndrome in childhood. A case series

Entre las causas de dolor torácico, la costilla deslizante presenta baja prevalencia, antecedentes traumáticos y manejo controvertido. Este síndrome merece ser incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de causas de dolor torácico en niños. Al no asociarse a traumatismos previos y la deformidad de cartílagos, nos induce a pensar en una alteración en el desarrollo costal, al margen de la etiología traumática típica en adultos. Se presenta una serie de pacientes pediátricos intervenidos por costilla deslizante en un centro de referencia entre 2001 y 2022. Se incluyeron nueve pacientes, con un rango de edades de 11 a 16 años. Solo dos casos describen traumatismo previo. Todos presentan un inicio súbito de dolor toracoabdominal intenso. Los pacientes fueron intervenidos mediante resección abierta de cartílagos costales afectos, con resolución del dolor.

Among the causes of chest pain, slipping rib has a low prevalence, usually with a history of trauma, and its management is controversial. Slipping rib syndrome should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of chest pain in children. When not associated with previous trauma and cartilage deformity, it is necessary to consider an alteration in rib development, regardless of the typical traumatic etiology in adults. Here we describe a series of pediatric patients with slipping rib seen at a referral hospital between 2001 and 2022. Nine patients aged 11 to 16 years were included. Only 2 had a history of trauma. All patients described a sudden onset of severe thoracic abdominal pain. The patients underwent open resection of the affected costal cartilages, with resolution of pain.

El cirujano general en las urgencias hepatobiliares en Colombia desde la visión de los expertos: un estudio cualitativo / The general surgeon in hepatobiliary emergencies in Colombia from the experts' perspective: A qualitative study

Introducción. El manejo perioperatorio de las urgencias hepatobiliares por parte del cirujano general es una competencia esperada y se considera un reto por su relativa frecuencia, impacto en la salud del individuo y la economía, así como las implicaciones en el ejercicio clínico confiable y de alta calidad. Se desconocen los aspectos formales de la educación en cirugía hepatobiliar para el cirujano general en Colombia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue explorar la perspectiva de los cirujanos hepatobiliares sobre esta problemática. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo, mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas con 14 especialistas en cirugía hepatobiliar colombianos, en donde se exploraron los desafíos del entrenamiento, el tiempo y las características de una rotación, la evaluación de la confiabilidad, el número de procedimientos y el rol de la simulación. Se hizo un análisis temático de la información. Resultados. Los expertos mencionaron la importancia de la rotación obligatoria por cirugía hepatobiliar para los cirujanos en formación. El tiempo ideal es de tres meses, en el último año de residencia, en centros especializados, con exposición activa y bajo supervisión. Conclusiones. Por las características epidemiológicas del país y la frecuencia de enfermedades hepatobiliares que requieren tratamiento quirúrgico, es necesario que el cirujano general cuente con una formación sólida en este campo durante la residencia. El presente estudio informa sobre las características ideales del entrenamiento en este campo desde la visión de los expertos colombianos.

Introduction. The perioperative management of hepatobiliary emergencies by the general surgeon is an expected competence and is considered a challenge due to its relative frequency, impact on the individual health and the economy, as well as the implications for reliable and high-quality clinical practice. The formal aspects of education in hepatobiliary surgery for the general surgeon in Colombia are unknown. The objective of the present study was to explore the perspective of hepatobiliary surgeons on this problem. Methods. A qualitative study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 14 Colombian hepatobiliary surgery specialists, where the challenges of training, time and characteristics of the rotation, evaluation of reliability, number of procedures and role of simulation. A thematic analysis of the information was carried out. Results. The experts mentioned the importance of mandatory rotation for hepatobiliary surgery for surgeons in training. The ideal duration was three months, during the last year of residency, in specialized centers with active exposure and under supervision. Conclusions. Due to the epidemiological characteristics of the country and the frequency of hepatobiliary diseases that require surgical treatment, it is necessary for the general surgeon to have solid training in this field during residency. The present study reports on the ideal characteristics of training in this field from the perspective of Colombian experts.

Desenredando los nudos en cirugía: creando maestría con un simulador práctico en casa / Untangling the knots in surgery: Creating mastery with a practical at-home simulator

Introducción. Anudar es una de las habilidades quirúrgicas esenciales y de su correcta ejecución dependen procesos de vital importancia. La adquisición de estas competencias requiere trabajo motor, entornos amigables y realistas. Una estrategia para facilitar el aprendizaje de la técnica de anudado es generar instrumentos de simulación accesibles. Métodos. Se presenta un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos, construido con materiales de bajo costo y asequibles para la población en general, con un presupuesto de aproximadamente $5.000 COP (US$ 1,23). Resultados. Se desarrolló un simulador de nudos quirúrgicos que, al fijarse a la extremidad inferior desde una posición sentada, proporciona una superficie estable para llevar a cabo la práctica de anudado de manera efectiva. Conclusión. La cirugía moderna considera la seguridad del paciente como la principal prioridad, por lo que ya no es apropiado adoptar un método de formación de "ver uno, hacer uno, enseñar uno". Es la práctica constante mediante simuladores, el método más adecuado. Este trabajo presenta una alternativa de aprendizaje ininterrumpido de las técnicas quirúrgicas relacionadas con los nudos.

Introduction. Knotting is one of the essential surgical skills and vitally important processes that depends on its correct execution. The acquisition of these skills requires motor work, friendly and realistic environments. A strategy to facilitate learning the knotting technique is to generate accessible simulation instruments. Methods. A surgical knot simulator is presented, built with low-budget materials and affordable for the general population, with a budget of approximately $5,000 COP (US$ 1.23). Results. A surgical knot simulator has been developed in a way that, when attached to the thigh of a lower extremity from a seated position, provides a stable surface to effectively perform knot tying practice. Conclusion. Modern surgery considers patient safety as the top priority, so it is no longer appropriate to adopt a "see one, do one, teach one" training method. Constant practice using simulators is the most appropriate method. This work presents an alternative for uninterrupted learning of surgical techniques related to knots.

Efecto de la implementación de las recomendaciones del protocolo de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS) en cirugía colorrectal en un hospital de referencia del suroccidente colombiano / Effect of the implementation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol recommendations in colorectal surgery at a reference hospital in Southwestern Colombia

Introducción. La implementación del protocolo de recuperación mejorada después de cirugía (ERAS) ha demostrado mejorar los desenlaces en cirugía colorrectal. En Colombia su implementación es escasa y se tiene poca evidencia de sus beneficios. Por esa razón, el objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la implementación del protocolo ERAS en los pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal en un hospital de referencia en el suroccidente colombiano. Métodos. Estudio observacional con abordaje de emulación de experimento clínico ideal. Se incluyeron pacientes adultos sometidos a cirugía colorrectal mayor entre los años 2021 y 2023. Se midió días de estancia hospitalaria, ingreso a unidad de cuidado intensivo (UCI) y la presencia de complicaciones globales, reintervenciones o reingreso hospitalario a 30 días. Se realizó un análisis univariado y multivariado para medir el efecto de la implementación del protocolo ERAS en los desenlaces. Resultados. En total,132 pacientes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 79 pacientes en el período previo a la implementación de ERAS y 53 pacientes con el protocolo ERAS. En el análisis multivariado, se encontró una reducción relativa del 77 % para ingreso a UCI, del 57 % de complicaciones globales, del 67 % en el reingreso hospitalario y del 92 % para reintervenciones quirúrgicas tras el alta en los pacientes ERAS. Conclusiones. La implementación de las recomendaciones ERAS en nuestra institución demostró mejorar los resultados clínicos en pacientes sometidos a cirugía colorrectal mayor. En Colombia, se necesita de estudios multicéntricos que permitan evidenciar la plausibilidad y beneficios de estas recomendaciones en otras instituciones.

Introduction. Implementation of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been shown to improve outcomes in colorectal surgery. In Colombia, its implementation is scarce and there is limited evidence of its benefits. For this reason, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ERAS protocol implementation in patients undergoing colorectal surgery in a reference hospital in Southwestern Colombia. Methods. Observational study with ideal clinical experiment emulation approach. Adult patients undergoing major colorectal surgery between 2021 and 2023 were included. Days of hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), and the presence of overall complications, reinterventions, or hospital readmission within 30 days were measured. A univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to measure the effect of the implementation of the ERAS protocol on the outcomes. Results. A total of 132 patients met the inclusion criteria, 79 patients in the period prior to ERAS implementation and 53 patients with the ERAS protocol. In the multivariate analysis, a relative reduction of 77% for ICU admissions, 57% for overall complications, 67% for hospital readmission, and 92% for surgical reinterventions after discharge in ERAS patients was found. Conclusions. Implementation of ERAS recommendations at our institution was shown to improve clinical outcomes in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery, In Colombia, multicenter studies are needed to demonstrate the plausibility and benefits of these recommendations in other institutions.

Recurring basal cell carcinoma involvingexclusively intra-oral mucosa: a case report

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common skin cancer, but oral involvement is extremely rare. Here, we showed a case of a 71-year-old Caucasian male patient presenting an asymptomatic submucosal nodule in the left buccal mucosa on the same side of a previous BCC skin lesion. Intraoral examination revealed a circumscribed sessile and fibrous mass covered by normal mucosa. An incisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the lesion showed uniform, ovoid, dark-staining basaloid cells with medium-sized nuclei and little cytoplasm arranged in islands and strands, invading the underlying connective tissue. These islands demonstrated palisading of the peripheral cells and occasionally central areas with epidermoid differentiation. The final diagnosis was nodular basal cell carcinoma. Although uncommon, recurrent BCC may occur in the oral cavity. (AU)

Caracterización epidemiológica de pacientes con síndrome posterior a resección anterior baja de recto y aproximación de su relación con aspectos demográficos, patológicos y quirúrgicos, en un centro de referencia en Medellín, entre 2016-2022 / Epidemiological characterization of patients with post-low anterior rectal resection syndrome and approximation of its relationship with demographic, pathological, and surgical aspects, in a referral center in Medellin, between 2016-2022

Introducción. El cáncer colorrectal es uno de los tipos de cáncer más comunes y mortales a nivel mundial. Aunque los avances médicos han mejorado el manejo, la cirugía sigue siendo fundamental. La resección anterior baja (RAB) de recto ha ganado relevancia, a pesar de que puede llevar al síndrome de resección anterior baja de recto (LARS, por sus siglas en inglés), afectando la calidad de vida. Métodos. Estudio de corte transversal con intención analítica en un centro de referencia en Medellín, Colombia. Los pacientes con cáncer de recto sometidos a RAB entre enero de 2016 y diciembre de 2022 completaron el cuestionario LARS para evaluar disfunción intestinal. Se evaluaron factores relacionados con la presencia de LARS por medio de un análisis bivariado. Resultados. De 234 pacientes elegibles, 110 (47 %) respondieron la encuesta, predominantemente mujeres (58,2 %). La edad promedio fue 62 años. Dos tercios de los pacientes recibieron neoadyuvancia y el 69 % requirieron ileostomía. La prevalencia de LARS fue 47,3 %. El 80,9 % llevaban más de 12 meses desde la cirugía o el cierre del estoma. Factores estadísticamente significativos asociados a LARS fueron edad mayor de 65 años (p=0,03), estadío patológico avanzado (p=0,02) y requerimiento de estoma (p=0,03). Conclusiones. El LARS afecta a casi la mitad de los pacientes en diferentes etapas posquirúrgicas. El LARS scorees una herramienta práctica para evaluar la función intestinal en el seguimiento del paciente. La prevalencia y los factores de riesgo identificados contribuyen a la comprensión del impacto de la cirugía conservadora del esfínter en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.

Introduction. Colorectal cancer is one of the most common and deadly types of cancer worldwide, with a high incidence of rectal cancer. Although medical advances have improved management, surgery remains crucial. Low anterior resection of the rectum (LAR) has gained significance, despite its potential to lead to low anterior resection syndrome (LARS), affecting quality of life. Methods. A cross-sectional study with analytical intent was conducted at a referral center in Medellín, Colombia. Patients with rectal cancer who underwent LAR between January 2016 and December 2022 completed the LARS questionnaire to assess intestinal dysfunction. Factors related to the presence of LARS were analyzed using bivariate analysis. Results. Of 234 eligible patients, 110 (47%) responded, predominantly women (58.2%). The average age was 62 years. Two-thirds of patients received neoadjuvant therapy and 69% required ileostomy. The prevalence of LARS was 47.3%. 80.9% had been more than 12 months post-surgery or stoma closure. Statistically significant factors associated with LARS included age over 65 years (p=0.03), advanced pathological stage (p=0.02), and stoma requirement (p=0.03). Conclusions. LARS affects almost half of the patients in various post-surgical stages. The LARS score is a practical tool for assessing intestinal function in patient follow-up. The prevalence and risk factors identified contribute to the understanding of the impact of sphincter-conserving surgery on patients' quality of life.

Etiología y evolución de la anemia en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular / Etiology and evolution of anemia in patients submitted to cardiovascular surgery

Resumen Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio es evaluar en nuestro medio la prevalencia de anemia en el preoperatorio de la cirugía cardiovascular, su incidencia postoperatoria y su evolución durante el primer mes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte prospectivo en el que se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiovascular central intervenidos durante el periodo del 01/09/2021 al 01/09/2022 en un hospital universitario. Se realizó seguimiento clínico y de laboratorio previo a la cirugía, al quinto y al día treinta del postoperatorio. Se comparó a los grupos con y sin anemia preoperatoria. Resultados: La prevalencia de anemia en el preoperatorio fue del 32.1%. La incidencia de anemia en el postoperatorio fue del 96% en el grupo de pacientes sin anemia previa. Al mes de la cirugía un 73 y un 90% de los pacientes, con y sin anemia preoperatoria respectivamente, persistían anémicos. Los pacientes con anemia preoperatoria tuvieron una menor recuperación de sus valores de hemoglobina al mes. Se observó una tendencia a mayor mortalidad y una mayor necesidad de derivación a centros de rehabilitación postegreso hospitalario en aquellos con anemia preoperatoria. Conclusiones: En este trabajo se evidenció una alta prevalencia e incidencia de anemia en el perioperatorio de las cirugías cardiovasculares. Así como su subtratamiento y elevada persistencia durante el mes posterior a la cirugía.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period of cardiovascular surgery, its postoperative incidence and its evolution during the first month in our setting. Methods: A prospective cohort study was carried out in which all patients undergoing central cardiovascular surgery operated during the period 09/01/2021-09/01/2022 in a university hospital were included. Clinical and laboratory follow-up was carried out prior to surgery, on the fifth and on the 30th postoperative day. Groups with and without preoperative anemia were compared. Results: The prevalence of anemia in the preoperative period was 32.1%. The incidence of anemia in the postoperative period was 96% in the group of patients without previous anemia. One month after surgery, 73 and 90% of the patients, with and without preoperative anemia, respectively, remained anemic. Patients with preoperative anemia had less recovery of their hemoglobin values at one month. A trend towards higher mortality and a greater need for referral to post-hospital discharge rehabilitation centers was observed in those with preoperative anemia. Conclusions: In this work, a high prevalence and incidence of anemia in the perioperative period of cardiovascular surgeries was evidenced. As well as its subtreatment and high persistence during the month after surgery.