Epidemiology and functional outcome of venous thromboembolism after stroke in rehabilitation wards / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To explore the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), especially lower-extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), for stroke patients in rehabilitating, and the functional outcome. Methods A total of 3 557 stroke patients in the neurological rehabilitation center of Beijing Bo'ai Hospital for stroke rehabilitation from January, 2015 to October, 2020 were reviewed through the electronic medical record system. Demographic characteristics, stroke characteristics (type and location), laboratory data (D-dimer polymer and arterial partial pressure of oxygen), motor function (Brunnstrom stage, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of motor and balance, modified Ashworth Scale score of triceps crus, and Holden Walking Ability Classification), activities of daily living (Barthel Index), and anticoagulant/antiplatelet treatment data were collected and analyzed. Results The incidence of DVT and PE was 28.5% and 1.29%, respectively. Most were found 30 days later after onset. The incidence of PE was higher after ischemic stroke (χ2 = 12.49, P < 0.001) rather than hemorrhagic stroke. The patients with hemispheric stroke, severe lower-extremity paralysis, and poor activities of daily living were more prone to complications associated with VTE. After rehabilitation, the function of stroke patients with PE could be improved (|t| > 4.302, P < 0.001). Conclusion The risk of DVT and PE in patients during stroke convalescence may not be negligible, and those with older age, previous history of thrombosis, severe stroke, and severe limb paralysis may be stratified in high-risk. Following anticoagulation treatment, early individualized comprehensive rehabilitation can be done for patients with PE to improve their function and activities of daily living.

Mixoma auricular izquierdo gigante que causa obstrucción valvular mitral, hipertensión pulmonar y tromboembolia pulmonar / Giant atrial myxoma causing mitral valve obstruction, pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary thromboembolism

Resumen: Los tumores cardíacos pueden ser primarios o, más frecuentemente secundarios o metastásicos. Entre los tumores primarios es más frecuente el mixoma, cuya ubicación más común es en la aurícula izquierda. Las manifestaciones clínicas son diversas, producidas principalmente por obstrucción mecánica, embolizaciones, y manifestaciones constitucionales. Se comunica el caso de un paciente de 32 años, con cuadro clínico de insuficiencia cardíaca, hipertensión pulmonar severa y tromboembolismo pulmonar bilateral. Se hizo el diagnóstico de mixoma auricular izquierdo. Se resecó el tumor y se manejó la hipertensión pulmonar desde el ingreso al hospital con inhibidores de la fosfodiesterasa asociado a anticoagulación. Se discute el tema dando énfasis a aspectos fisiopatológicos involucrados tanto en la hipertensión pulmonar como en la presencia de tromboembolia pulmonar.

Abstract: Cardiac tumors may be primary or, more frequently secondary or associated to metastasis. Atril myxoma es the most frequent primary tumor, usually located in the left atrium. Clinical manifestations include those due to mitral valve occlusión, emboli and general non spedific symptoms and signs. Herein we report the clinical case of a 32 year old patient with severe pulmonary hypertension and bilateral pulmonary embolism. The tumor was extirpated, and he received phosphoro-diesterase inhiborts and anticoagulants. Subsequent clinical course was satisfactory. A brief discussion of this condicion is included.

Pulmonary Thromboembolism from Familial Protein S Deficiency

Hereditary thrombophilias are a group of inherited conditions that predispose to thrombosis. Most of the inherited thrombotic disorders ara associated with venous thromboembolism. Pulmonary embolism represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Chronic thromboembolic disease is a 'great masquerade' and often mistakenly diagnosed as coronary artery disease, asthma, pneumonia and psychogenic dyspnoea. Recurrent pulmonary embolism with pulmonary hypertension can be missed if awareness of the condition is not created. The consequences of a missed diagnosis can be deadly. We present a case of familial protein S defects leading to recurrent pulmonary thromboembolism.

Usefulness of the 12-Lead Electrocardiography in the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Severity of Pulmonary Thromboembolism

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aggressive medical management, such as thrombolytic therapy, is necessary to save the lives of patients with acute severe pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE). The ECG changes associated with PTE are usually nonspecific, but severe PTE can produce some specific ECG findings. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of 12-lead ECG in the diagnosis of PTE, as well as the evaluation of its severity in therapeutic decision making. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 42 patients (60.5+/-14.9 years, 17 men), in whom PTE had been confirmed by chest CT angiography or radionuclide ventilation-perfusion scan, and 63 control patients (60.3+/-16.5 years, 21 men), who had various cardiovascular diseases, with the exception of PTE. The systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP) was estimated by Doppler echocardiography. RESULTS: Among the finding derived from the 12-lead ECG, the sinus tachycardia (35.7 vs. 12.7%, p=0.005), a QRS axis over 90 degree (28.5 vs. 7.9%, p=0.005), the S1Q3T3 sign (45.2 vs. 23.8%, p=0.021) and T-wave inversion at V2-4 (31.0 vs. 14.3%, p=0.040) were more common in the PTE than the control group. There were no significant ECG changes in 3 patients (7.1%) in the PTE group. In the PTE group, the T-wave amplitudes at leads II and aVF showed correlation with the sPAP (r=-0.400, p=0.009; r=-0.321, p=0.038, respectively). A T-wave amplitude greater than 0.5 mm at lead II was predictive of severe pulmonary hypertension (50 mmHg) in patients with PTE, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of 59.3, 86.7, 88.9 and 54.2%, respectively (OR=6.532, 95% CI, 1.592 to 26.785). CONCLUSION: The use of common ECG abnormalities as diagnostic tools of PTE was limited, due to their low sensitivity, despite the high specificity. However, the T-wave amplitude (cut-off value=0.5 mm) at lead II was very simple and useful in distinguishing patients with severe pulmonary thromboembolism from those without.