Bienestar espiritual y su influencia en el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de Lima (Perú)

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la influencia del bienestar espiritual en la gratitud, el perdón y la resiliencia en estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Lima. Se utilizó un diseño explicativo con variables latentes. La muestra estuvo conformada por 957 estudiantes universitarios (29.5 % varones y 70.5 % mujeres, de 13 universidades (públicas 22.36 % y privadas 77.64 %) de Lima Metropolitana. Se utilizaron la Escala de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBS), la Escala de Disposición al Perdón (TFS), la Escala de Gratitud (EG) y la Escala Breve de Resiliencia (EBR). Entre los hallazgos se encontró que el modelo estimado con el método DWLS permite señalar que el bienestar espiritual tiene efectos directos sobre el perdón, la gratitud y la resiliencia. A su vez, la covarianza entre perdón y gratitud fue .090 (p > .05), entre perdón y resiliencia de .236 (p < .01), y entre gratitud y resiliencia fue igual a .122 (p < .01). Se discuten las implicancias de los resultados.

O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a influência do bem-estar espiritual na gratidão, perdão e resiliência em estudantes universitários da cidade de Lima. Foi utilizado um desenho explicativo com variáveis latentes. A amostra foi composta por 957 estudantes universitários (29,5 % homens e 70,5 % mulheres) de 13 universidades (22,36 % públicas e 77,64 % privadas) de Lima Metropolitana. Foram utilizadas a Escala de Bem-Estar Espiritual (SWBS), a Escala de Disposição ao Perdão (TFS), a Escala de Gratidão (EG) e a Escala Breve de Resiliência (EBR). Entre os achados, encontrou-se que o modelo estimado com o método DWLS permite indicar que o bem-estar espiritual tem efeitos diretos sobre o perdão, gratidão e resiliência. Por sua vez, a covariância entre perdão e gratidão foi de .090 (p > .05), entre perdão e resiliência de .236 (p < .01) e entre gratidão e resiliência foi igual a .122 (p < .01). As implicações dos resultados foram discutidas.

This study aimed to determine the influence of spiritual well-being on gratitude, forgiveness, and resilience in university students in the city of Lima. An explanatory design with latent variables was used. The sample consisted of 957 university students (29.5 % men and 70.5 % women from 13 universities (22.36% public and 77.64 % private)), from Metropolitan Lima. The Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (SWBS), the Trait Forgivingness Scale (TFS), the Gratitude Scale (GS), and the Brief Resilience Scale (BRS) were used. Among the findings, it was found that the model estimated with the DWLS method allows us to point out that spiritual well-being directly affects forgiveness, gratitude, and resilience. In turn, the covariance between forgiveness and gratitude was .090 (p > .05), the covariance between forgiveness and resilience was .236 (p < .01), and the covariance between gratitude and resilience was equal to .122 (p < .01). The implications of the results have been discussed.

Clima motivacional de clase en la enseñanza media y superior iberoamericana: una revisión sistemática

El clima motivacional de clase (CMC) es un constructo que permite estudiar los patrones de actuación docente en el aula y su relación con la motivación del estudiantado. En base a la importancia que tiene el CMC para los entornos de enseñanza y aprendizaje se realizó una revisión sistemática con el objetivo de sintetizar la evidencia de estudios iberoamericanos en la educación media y superior durante el período 1992-2023. Se utilizaron las directrices metodológicas definidas en la declaración PRISMA, que permitieron seleccionar 51 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de elegibilidad. Los resultados revelan una prevalencia de estudios cuantitativos (90 %), en la enseñanza media (65 %). Fueron identificados nueve instrumentos para el estudio del CMC y se encontró que el CMC-Q fue el instrumento más utilizado. El análisis de los estudios señala que existe una varianza explicada común moderada entre el CMC y variables psicológicas personales de estudiantes y docentes, pero baja respecto al rendimiento académico estudiantil. Los hallazgos reportados van en la misma dirección que la evidencia disponible en otras regiones a nivel mundial. Se sugiere avanzar hacia una comprensión multidimensional del CMC, la triangulación de participantes, técnicas y métodos, así como estudios adicionales que integren al CMC como medida de la eficacia en las intervenciones educativas.

O clima motivacional de sala aula (CMC pela sua sigla em espanhol) é um construto que permite estudar os padrões de atuação docente em sala de aula e sua relação com a motivação dos alunos. Com base na importância do CMC para os ambientes de ensino e aprendizagem, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de sintetizar as evidências dos estudos ibero-americanos no ensino médio e superior durante o período 1992-2023. Foram utilizadas as diretrizes metodológicas definidas na declaração PRISMA, o que permitiram selecionar 51 artigos que atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. Os resultados revelam uma prevalência de estudos quantitativos (90 %) no ensino médio (65 %). Nove instrumentos foram identificados para o estudo do CMC, sendo que o CMC-Q foi o instrumento mais utilizado. A análise dos estudos indica que existe uma variância explicada comum moderada entre o CMC e variáveis psicológicas pessoais de alunos e docentes, mas em relação ao desempenho acadêmico dos estudantes. As descobertas relatadas seguem a mesma direção das evidências disponíveis em outras regiões do mundo. Sugere-se avançar para uma compreensão multidimensional do CMC, a triangulação de participantes, técnicas e métodos, bem como estudos adicionais que integrem o CMC como medida de eficácia em intervenções educativas.

The classroom motivational climate (CMC) is a construct that allows studying the patterns of teaching performance in the classroom and their relationship with student motivation. Based on the importance of CMC for teaching and learning environments, a systematic review was conducted with the aim of synthesizing the evidence from Ibero-American studies in secondary and higher education during the period 1992-2023. The methodological guidelines defined in the PRISMA statement were used, which allowed the selection of 51 articles that met the eligibility criteria. The results reveal a prevalence of quantitative studies (90 %) in secondary education (65 %). Nine instruments were identified for the CMC study and the CMC-Q was found to be the most commonly used instrument. The Analysis of the studies indicates that there is a moderate common explained variance between the CMC and personal psychological variables of students and teachers, but low with respect to student academic performance. The reported findings are in the same direction as the evidence available in other regions worldwide. It is suggested to move towards a multidimensional understanding of CMC, triangulation of participants, techniques and methods, as well as additional studies that integrate CMC as a measure of effectiveness in educational interventions.

Representation and practices of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System consumption in the university population of Bogotá(Colombia) / Representación social y prácticas de consumo de sistemas electrónicos de administración de nicotina en población universitaria de bogotá (colombia)

RESUMEN Objetivo: Colombia cuenta con una legislación de control del tabaco desde 2009 sin embargo, no existe una regulación específica sobre los Sistemas Electrónicos de Administración de Nicotina (SEAN), por lo tanto, es vital caracterizar las dimensiones cualitativas de consumo. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las prácticas y representaciones de los consumidores de SEAN con el fin de obtener elementos para orientar las acciones necesarias para prevenir su consumo. Materiales y métodos: Este artículo presenta los resultados identificados en el componente cualitativo de una investigación macro sobre la prevalencia del uso de SEAN entre estudiantes universitarios. Se realizaron 14 entrevistas individuales y 1 grupo focal, analizados con el software NVivo10®. Resultados: Se presentan como resultados principales la identificación de las prácticas de consumo, de las cuales se derivó que el núcleo central de la representación social sobre SEAN es no autónomo, lo que posibilita un cambio que desincentive su consumo; el sistema periférico de la representación está conformado por tres elementos: la dimensión social, el consumo de SEAN como estilo de vida y la dimensión corporal y emocional. Conclusiones: Se concluye que las acciones de prevención de consumo de SEAN deben partir de la identificación de características particulares y exclusivas del consumo de SEAN y la incorporación de los elementos del sistema periférico que permitan abordar un consumo que no se basa en la toma de decisiones informadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: Colombia has had a tobacco control legislation since 2009, however there is no specific regulation on Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS). Therefore, it is crucial to characterize the qualitative dimensions of consumption. The study aimed to answer the question: What are the representations and practices of the university population regarding the consumption of SEAN? The objective of the study is to identify the practices and representations of ENDS consumers in order to obtain elements to guide the necessary actions to prevent their consumption. Methods: This paper presents the results identified in the qualitative component of a main study on the prevalence of ENDS use among university students. 14 individual interviews and 1 focus group were conducted and analyzed with the NVivo10® software. The corpus consisted of the transcripts of the 14 interviews and 1 focus group, which constitutes a total of 116 pages of raw data. The techniques used were semi-structured interviews and focus groups, using the Microsoft Teams platform. Taking into account ethical aspects, in each interview and in the focus group the informed consent was read and authorization was requested for the interview to be recorded. The average duration of each interview was one hour and forty-five minutes and the focus group lasted a total of 120 minutes. The capture of practices and representation related to the use/non-use of SEAN was achieved by incorporating two phases of analysis: a)Inductivephase: it was developed with an ordered matrix on the theoretical categories of the project, b)Phase of deductive analysis was carried out based on processes typical of the founded theory that allowed expanding the analytical framework having as its axis the identification of consumption practices and the elements that make up the central core and the peripheral system of representation. Results: The main results are the identification of consumption practices, from which it was derived that the central nucleus of the social representation of SEAN is non-autonomous, which enables a change that discourages its consumption. The reasons and practices for consuming ENDS are closely related to conventional cigarette consumption, which corresponds to the fact that 11 of the 14 interviewees who identify themselves as consumers have consumed conventional cigarettes and only two have been exclusive ENDS consumers. The following practices were identified: a) The consumption motivations were grouped like social, economic and socio-emotional; b) Three types of consumption spaces: prohibited, exclusive and recovered spaces. These last ones are places where you couldn't smoke cigarettes and now they feel empowered to vape; c) There are forms of differential consumption and access to ENDS related to the quality, price, exclusivity and adherence; d) Habits and rituals are not related to moments of daily life, as with cigarettes, but to practices such as searching for and mixing "salts" to obtain flavors, cleaning and maintaining the device, smoking tricks; e) About information channels among the interviewees it was noted that the practice of informed consumption is not frequent and that there are few sources of information that offer low confidence. Finally, the peripheral system of representation is made up of three elements: social dimension, the consumption of SEAN as a lifestyle, bodied and emotional dimension. Conclusion : It is concluded that the actions to prevent the consumption of ENDS should start from the identification of particular and exclusive characteristics of the consumption of ENDS and the incorporation of the elements of the peripheral system that allow addressing a consumption not based on making informed decisions. The main finding is the identification of a non-autonomous representation that stems from the difficulty of establishing notable differentiations between conventional cigarette consumption and e-cigarettes. Therefore, the main vein of research that opens up is to delve into the particular and exclusive characteristics of this consumption. It is essential to incorporate bodily, emotional, and especially social (interpersonal) dimensions as important variables in understanding the practices and representations of e-cigarettes through complex approaches that can break the solid elements on which conventional cigarette consumption is anchored, as it continues to define dynamics of electronic device consumption. It is important at this point to recognize that emotions can be understood as the intermediary between the lived experience in the body and everything that happens in the environment. Thus, it is not possible to think of this representation without recognizing that consumption is an embodied exercise, and the absence of the body in discourses about e-cigarettes can be a revealing element of a disconnection between practices and meanings that are reinforced in the insistence on an action (smoking is smoking) despite the recognition of its negative effects on health (even though it should not be). The understanding of the social representation of e-cigarette consumption in relation to specific practices related to it provides some clues on which to work on processes of information, communication, prevention, and regulation to discourage this consumption that appears relatively new.

Organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout in the administrative staff at the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University / Clima organizacional, satisfacción laboral y burnout en el personal administrativo en la universidad nacional daniel alcides carrión

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ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the correlation between the organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout in the administrative staff of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University. Methodology: The research was designed as a quantitative study applied with a correlational approach. A cross-sectional non-experimental design was used, since the measurements of the variables were made at a single time. The study population corresponded to a total of430 employees of the Daniel Alcides Carrión National University, which is why a simple random sampling was applied, with a confidence level of 95 % and a margin of error of 5 %, which allowed to determine a sample of 157 employees. For data collection, the survey technique was applied, therefore, three questionnaires were designed as instruments, one for each variable, with a Likert-type response scale. In the case of the Organizational Climate variable, this was based on three dimensions, namely: a) Recognition, b) Teamwork and c) Innovation, which helped to configure a total of 15 items to be evaluated. For the Job Satisfaction variable, it was based on three dimensions, which were: a) Job satisfaction, b) Satisfaction with remuneration and c) Satisfaction with the physical environment, constituting in turn 15 items to be evaluated, while for the Burnout variable, three dimensions were considered: a) Personal exhaustion, b) Depersonalization and c) Demotivation, for a total of 15 items to be evaluated. The questionnaires were subjected to a validity process according to the opinion of experts, who considered that they were suitable in their construction for application, in addition a pilot test was applied with a sample of 85participants, who were not part of the one included in the study, which allowed to determine that these instruments had an internal consistency of Cronbachs Alpha of0.97, 0.95 and 0.89 for the organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout variables respectively. The data were systematized in an Excel spreadsheet to perform the descriptive statistical analysis, using measures of central tendency to check the frequency and behavior of the variables. Then, the SPSS version 22 program was used to perform inferential statistical calculations. the distribution of the normality of the data was statistically verified using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, since the number of the sample was greater than fifty. For the determination of the correlation between the variables, the Spearman rank correlation coefficient was used, because the sample presented a non-normal distribution. The significance of the correlation was established by a level of p<0.05 for hypothesis testing. Results: The results showed that between the Organizational climate variable and the Recognition dimension there is an average level of satisfaction (61.14 %), 35.67 % showed a high level of satisfaction and 3.19 % a very high level of satisfaction. Between the Organizational climate and the Teamwork dimension, a result of 2.23 was obtained, which indicates a perception that there is good teamwork. Regarding the Organizational climate and Innovation, it was found that 52.23 % of employees almost alwaysfeel stimulated to innovate, 33.12 % always feel motivated to innovate and 14.6 5 % sometimes feel that motivation. With respect to the variable Job Satisfaction and the dimension satisfaction with work, it was obtained that 60.5 % feel indifferent with respect to job satisfaction and 39.5 % are satisfied. For the Satisfaction with Remuneration dimension, 36.4 % of employees feel indifferent about their remuneration, 39.8 % feel satisfied and 13.1 % feel very satisfied with their remuneration. Regarding the dimension Satisfaction with the physical environment, 38.8 % declared themselves indifferent with respect to this dimension, 23.2 %o feel satisfied and 0.8 % of the samplefeel very satisfied with the physical environment. With respect to the Burnout variable and the Personal exhaustion dimension, 47.13 % of the employees presented a high level of personal burnout, 33.12 % revealed to have an average level of burnout and 19.75% showed a very high level of burnout. As for the aspect of Depersonalization, the results showed that the majority represented by 85.35% has a very high level of depersonalization, only 0.64 % presented a high level of depersonalization and 14.01 % presented an average level of depersonalization. As for the Demotivation dimension, it was obtained that 30.57 % of employees showed an average level of demotivation, while 69.43 % of workers showed a high level. Finally, the results revealed a positive and significant correlation (Spearman's Rho = 0.299) between organizational climate and job satisfaction. Likewise, a weak negative correlation (-0.153) was observed between organizational climate and burnout. In relation to the organizational climate and burnout variables, a weak negative correlation was observed with a coefficient of-0.153. While for the variables job satisfaction and burnout, a correlation coefficient of-0.024 was observed very close to zero. Conclusion: There is a positive and significant correlation between organizational climate and job satisfaction, and a negative and significant correlation between organizational climate and burnout, suggesting that a better organizational climate is associated with higher satisfaction and lower burnout in workers. This relationship highlights the importance of promoting a positive and conducive work environment to improve the job satisfaction of administrative staff. The need to focus on recognition as an essential component to promote greater job satisfaction is highlighted, it is also observed that teamwork and innovation are key aspects that contribute to the favorable organizational climate at the university. These conclusions emphasize the importance of implementing policies and practices that promote recognition, teamwork and the promotion of innovation as strategies to improve job satisfaction and prevent burnout in administrative staff. It is also highlighted that at higher levels of organizational climate, lower levels of administrative staff are observed, which is why it is important to create a healthy work environment and support the emotional well-being of employees to prevent job burnout. Ultimately, the relationship between organizational climate, job satisfaction and burnout are a multidimensional dynamic that requires a holistic approach. By continuing to research and apply effective approaches to improving the work climate, organizations can cultivate an environment where employees feel valued, motivated, and able to contribute meaningfully. Doingso will not only benefit the workers and the organization, but also set a higher standardfor well-being in the overall work environment.

Study of university social responsibility, a review of the literature / Estudio de la responsabilidad social universitaria: una revisión de la literatura

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ABSTRACT University social responsibility is a set of actions that helps to promote the active participation of students in their university education, with ethical conduct to create a culture of social commitment based on values and academic quality. The main role of the university is to develop the functions of teaching, research and social responsibility; this allows creating a broader vision of the needs in the community, generating competent professionals and causing a positive impact (Palomino, Vázquez, Vicente, & Tomás, 2019). Objective: To identify the main authors of the subject from the systematic review of the literature, to point out the four axis that RSU has and the four university impacts. Materials and methods: This research is exploratory and documentary with a qualitative approach. The information sources used correspond to consultation pages, among which are: Google academic, and Lens.org. Likewise, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to collect information and the results obtained were delimited after adding search conditions such as the year interval from 2017 to 2023. Another limitation is that they were only review articles and in any language. Results: The results obtained were 10 definitions of prominent authors which haves an impact on the fact that the University social responsibility has 8 dimensions among which are: Responsible Campus, Citizen Education, Social Knowledge Management, and Mutual Learning Communities for Development, Organizational, Educational, Cognitive and social. The four axis of the RSU are the basis of the organizations to be able to fulfill the mission that each university community pursues. Within the responsible campus, care is taken to ensure that environmental and sustainable care is met and students are taught to participate in it. , responsible citizen and professional training, deontology, which is the duty of people, this helps the university community to do things ethically and with good morals inside and outside universities, knowledge management is a of the main tasks of higher education institutions, social work, the reason for being of various organizations, thanks to which they can disseminate their knowledge and contribute to the development of community and group culture, and finally the need for The society of inclusion and communication between people occur within communities of mutual learning for development. The organizational impacts, within the RSU, impact people, management and sustainability. The educational impacts are related to the training of students (their ethics, their way of interpreting the world and the social role that corresponds to them) and involves all university processes (curriculum, central administration and knowledge management policies). Cognitive impacts are the dissemination of knowledge and social impacts are the relationship within and on the university campus, the treatment and participation of students; Students in the different branches offered. When reviewing and reading the different existing articles, it was observed that there is little information regarding the RSU, focusing on a chronology of the different authors from 2014 to date. Within the articles reviewed, it can be defined that RSU trains, teaches, supports, promotes, guides and organizes; involving the student community, teachers, administrative and managerial staff. The RSU transmits responsible knowledge, ethical principles and helps to train responsible citizen professionals. Conclusion: After studying the literary review, it can be mentioned that all the axis of the RSU must have the participation of the students and all the people who make up the university community in order to have a responsible university, both internally and externally, according to the different concepts that are mentioned of University Social Responsibility; In other words, it is a way to help the professional and civic training of all students, since this is part of what social responsibility seeks. It is mentioned that university students must get involved in real problems within their professional and civic training, since this helps to create links between learning and social responsibility and thus be able to promote human development, both ethically and morally, as that participation in the different projects that the same institution carries out in its activities will grow.Ramírez (2020),Quezada and Rodríguez (2019),Arauco and Apaza (2022),Évora (2017), agree that RSU is reflected in the existence of four axis for the socially responsible management of universities, so that the students are aware that everything that is done within the institution will be reflected outside of it. Complying with Social Responsibility in higher education is a transformation resource that promotes compliance with transparent practices and ethical conduct for sustainable development, generating social well-being on the university campus for the comprehensive and ideal training of its students. Currently, globalization leads to constant changes in organizations and forces them to be able to identify their challenges for the new trends that their environment requires. Therefore, globalization, competition, technology, social responsibility, knowledge and intangible assets demand serious modifications in their structures and strategies from companies.Niebles Nuñez et al. (2018)the universities have the important mission of equitably distributing knowledge and social information. That is why universities must assume the position of University Social Responsibility and analyze whether effective or null knowledge is being provided. The current era is characterized by its constant change, in social demands, in the role of traditional actors, in the situation at the regional and international level, in development approaches (Uribe et al., 2020). Addressing the issue of RSU requires articulating the various parts of the institution in an equitable and sustainable social promotion project, for the production and transmission of responsible knowledge and the training of equally responsible citizen professionals (Mosquera Tayupanta and Alba Granados, 2021; Peña y otros, 2017). There is a proposal for university social responsibility that provides a space for participation in the activities carried out and that are adapted to the new acquisition modalities for students, in addition to the fact that university social responsibility seeks not only to work on the axis of transformation within of the institution, but is also aimed at the entire society that is involved (Pedró, 2019). The university must promote the participation of its students in cultural, social, sports and environmental activities.

Influencia de la resiliencia y el afrontamiento en salud mental positiva en jóvenes mexicanos durante la pandemia de COVID-19 / Influence of resilience and coping on positive mental health in young Mexicans during the COVID-19 pandemic

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consistió en explicar en qué medida la resiliencia y las estrategias de afrontamiento influyeron en la salud mental positiva de jóvenes mexicanos universitarios que vivieron la pandemia de COVID-19. La muestra se conformó por 1042 universitarios mexicanos de 18 a 24 años de edad (M = 20.5 DS = 1.9). El 78.4 % son mujeres (817). Se aplicaron en formato online los instrumentos: Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Escala de Resiliencia, Escala de Afrontamiento y Escala de miedo al COVID-19. Se obtuvo un modelo con índices de bondad de ajuste satisfactorios (X 2 = 532.913, df = 114, X 2 /df = 4.6, SRMR = .053, RMSEA = .059, CFI = .927, p = .001), en el cual la resiliencia y el afrontamiento funcional son factores importantes que influyen en SMP, por lo que son variables que deben considerarse en los programas de intervención psicológica para la promoción de la salud de los jóvenes universitarios.

Abstract The objective of this study was to explain to what extent resilience and coping strategies influenced the positive mental health of young Mexican university students who have experienced the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample was made up of 1.042 Mexican university students between 18 and 24 years of age (M = 20.5 SD = 1.9). 78.4% are women (817). The instruments: Mental Health Continuum-Short Form, Resilience Scale, Coping Scale and Fear of COVID-19 Scale were applied in online format. A model was obtained with satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (X2 = 532.913, df = 114), resilience and functional coping are important factors that influence SMP, so they are variables that should be considered in psychological intervention programs to promote the health of university students.

Relaciones entre apoyo social, salud autopercibida y satisfacción vital: una comparación entre estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y LGB+ en Chile / Relationships between social support, self-perceived health, and life satisfaction: A comparison between heterosexual and LGB+ university students in Chile

Resumen Introducción: Existe un creciente interés en la relación entre la orientación sexual de una persona y su bienestar subjetivo, por el vínculo de dicha orientación con diversas esferas de la vida, como apoyo social, salud y satisfacción vital. Sin embargo, la investigación sobre la relación entre estas variables en función de la orientación sexual es escasa en población universitaria. Este estudio examina la asociación entre el apoyo de familia, amistades y otras personas con la satisfacción vital, de forma directa y mediada por la salud autopercibida; se comparan estas relaciones en estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y de otras orientaciones no heterosexuales (LGB+) en Chile. Método: La muestra (n = 525) respondió un cuestionario en línea con preguntas sociodemográficas, sobre apoyo social percibido, salud autopercibida y satisfacción vital. Los datos se analizaron utilizando un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales y análisis multigrupo. Resultados: El apoyo familiar se asoció positivamente con la satisfacción vital, directamente y mediado por la salud autopercibida, tanto en estudiantes heterosexuales como LGB+; el apoyo de amigos y de otras personas mostró asociaciones diferenciadas por orientación sexual. Sin embargo, este modelo fue estadísticamente similar para ambos grupos. Conclusiones: Estos hallazgos destacan la relevancia de distintos tipos de apoyo social en la satisfacción vital de estudiantes universitarios según su orientación sexual.

Abstract Introduction: The literature shows an increasing interest in the relationship between individuals' sexual orientation and their subjective well-being, linking the former to various spheres of life, such as social support, health, and life satisfaction. However, research on the impact of sexual orientation in the relationship between subjective well-being variables is scarce in the university population. This study examined the associations between support from family, friends and other people with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, comparing these relationships in heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual and other non-heterosexual (LGB+) university students in Chile. Method: The sample (n = 525) answered an online questionnaire with sociodemographic questions about perceived social support, self-perceived health, and life satisfaction. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and multigroup analysis. Results: Family support was positively associated with life satisfaction, directly and mediated by self-perceived health, in both heterosexual and LGB+ students; support from friends and others showed differential associations by sexual orientation. However, the proposed model was statistically similar for both groups. Conclusion: These findings highlight the relevance of different types of support on the life satisfaction of university students according to their sexual orientation.

Prevalence of smartphone addiction and its association with depression, anxiety among university students, Baghdad 2023

Background: Smartphones have simplified our lives and become essential, yet excessive usage may lead to "smartphone addiction". Global youth smartphone addiction is a growing public health concern. Research examines smartphone addiction, depression, anxiety, and depression among university of Baghdad medical and non-medical students. Compare 2 student groups' smartphone addiction rates. Correlate smartphone addiction, anxiety, and depression. Methods: Comparative cross-sectional research included 383 university of Baghdad students from four colleges. The research included undergraduate university students for a random sampling. From March to June 2023, the smartphone addiction scale-short version (SAS-SV), Beck's depression inventory (BDI), Beck's anxiety inventory (BAI), and sociodemographic were self-reported. Results: This survey comprised 383 students, 188 (49.1%) from medical institutions and 195 (50.9%) from non-medical colleges. Their ages varied from 18-25, with a mean of 20.8�8 years. Most were 20-21 (37.9%) and 260 (67.9%) females. According to SAS-SV cutoffs, 45.17% of medical students and 39.5% of non-medical students were smartphone addicts. Depression affected 38.37% of individuals, ranging from mild (10.7%) to moderate (17.75%) to severe-very severe (9.92%). Survey revealed 50.65% had little anxiety, 31.07 moderate anxiety, and 18.28% severe anxiety. Smartphone addiction significantly correlated with anxiety (p=0.0001) and sadness (p=0.008). Smartphone addiction, anxiety (r=0.29), and depression (r=0.25), among research participants, were positively correlated. Conclusions: Smartphone addiction was common among study participants, with medical college students being more hooked than non-medical students. Smartphone addiction is correlated with anxiety and despair. Smartphone addiction predicted anxiety and despair.

Conjunto de recomendaciones nutricionales para desarrollar estrategias dietéticas en atletas

Este estudio partió de una caracterización nutricional en atletas, atendidos desde el punto de vista académico y científico por la Universidad Técnica "Luis Vargas Torres", de Ecuador. Llamó la atención a entrenadores y profesores de este centro pedagógico deportivo que, a pesar de contar con las condiciones básicas adecuadas para la práctica del deporte, se mostraron resultados deportivos desfavorables. Entre los datos recogidos en el estudio exploratorio (encuesta a entrenadores y entrevista a directivos y profesores) se destacó el insuficiente régimen dietético nutricional recibido por los deportistas. Se planteó como objetivo proponer un conjunto de recomendaciones nutricionales que permita perfeccionar las estrategias dietéticas que necesitan los atletas para mantenerse en un estado óptimo en su práctica deportiva y su salud. El diagnóstico, se sustentó en la medición y análisis estadísticos como la correlación de intensidad (Sprints) e ingesta de carbohidratos y la correlación intensidad e ingesta de proteínas. Después de analizar los resultados, se diseñaron y establecieron un grupo de recomendaciones dietéticas enfocadas en mejorar la situación formativa deportiva. Se sugiere que futuras investigaciones profundicen en esta área, para validar y mejorar el marco analítico propuesto.

Este estudo partiu de uma caracterização nutricional em atletas, atendida do ponto de vista acadêmico e científico pela Universidade Técnica "Luis Vargas Torres", do Equador. Chamou a atenção dos treinadores e professores deste centro pedagógico desportivo que, apesar de apresentarem as condições básicas adequadas à prática desportiva, apresentavam resultados desportivos desfavoráveis. Dentre os dados coletados no estudo exploratório (pesquisa com treinadores e entrevistas com dirigentes e professores), destacou-se o insuficiente regime alimentar nutricional recebido pelos atletas. O objetivo foi propor um conjunto de recomendações nutricionais que permitissem aperfeiçoar as estratégias alimentares que os atletas necessitam para se manterem num estado óptimo na sua prática desportiva e saúde. O diagnóstico foi baseado em medidas e análises estatísticas como a correlação de intensidade (Sprints) e ingestão de carboidratos e a correlação de intensidade e ingestão de proteínas. Após a análise dos resultados, foi desenhado e estabelecido um conjunto de recomendações dietéticas focadas na melhoria da situação do treino desportivo. Sugere-se que pesquisas futuras se aprofundem nesta área, para validar e aprimorar o arcabouço analítico proposto.

This study is based on a nutritional characterization of athletes, attended from an academic and scientific point of view by the Luis Vargas Torres Technical University, of Ecuador. It draws the attention of coaches and teachers of this sports pedagogical center that, despite having the appropriate basic conditions for the practice of sports, unfavorable sports results are shown. Among the data collected in the exploratory study (survey of coaches and interviews with managers and teachers), the insufficient nutritional dietary regimen received by athletes was highlighted. The objective was to propose a set of nutritional recommendations that allow perfecting the dietary strategies that athletes need to remain in an optimal state in their sports practice and health. The diagnosis was based on measurement and statistical analysis such as the correlation of intensity (Sprints) and carbohydrate intake and the correlation of intensity and protein intake. After analyzing the results, a group of dietary recommendations focused on improving the sports training situation are designed and established. It is suggested that future research delve into this area, to validate and improve the proposed analytical framework.

Renal diseases in children at the university of Gondar hospital, Ethiopia: pattern and outcome

Background: In developing countries, renal diseases in children are becoming common causes of morbidity and mortality. In Ethiopia, there are no adequate data about patterns and outcome of these disorders. We conducted this study to provide evidences on patterns and outcome of renal diseases in children admitted to a tertiary hospital in Gondar, Ethiopia.Methods: A retrospective record review of all pediatric patients admitted with renal diseases over a period of two-years (January 2022-December 2023) to the university of Gondar hospital (UoGH), was conducted.Results: A total of 456, comprising 231 (50.7%) females and 225 (49.3%) males, patients were studied. Majority (37.7%) of patients were below 5 years of age. Renal diseases accounted for 3.6% of all admissions during the 2-years period. Common renal problems were urinary tract infection (UTI) (29%), acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) (24.1%), nephrotic syndrome (18.6%), acute kidney injury (AKI) (14.3%), nephroblastoma (9%) and chronic kidney diseases (CKD) (2.4%). Finally; 71.9% were discharged improved and 10.5% died. The highest case fatality rates were in patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (36.7%) followed by CKD (36.4%), and AKI (21.5%).Conclusions: This study revealed high prevalence and mortality rate of renal diseases in children. The major causes of death were AGN/RPGN, CKD and AKI. All the above evidences clearly disclosed that establishment of a pediatric nephrology unit and get a trained pediatric nephrologist in our university hospital is critical.

Dependencia al juego y apuestas en línea en estudiantes de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana seccional Bucaramanga / Gambling dependence and online wagering in students of the Pontificia Bolivariana University, Bucaramanga sectional

Resumen El juego patológico constituye un grave problema que afecta a toda la población, principalmente a los más jóvenes, considerando la población universitaria la menos investigada. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo general caracterizar la dependencia al juego y las apuestas en línea en estudiantes de la Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana seccional Bucaramanga, así como identificar las variables sociodemográficas y presencia de dependencia al juego en la población estudiada. La metodología utilizada en el estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo de tipo no experimental, con un diseño de corte transversal y descriptivo y con un tipo de muestreo no probabilístico. Se obtuvo la participación de 366 estudiantes mayores de edad de pregrado y posgrado. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron el Cuestionario Breve del Juego Patológico (CBJP), la versión colombiana del Cuestionario del Juego Patológico de South Oaks (SOGS) y un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos. El análisis de los datos se hizo a través del software SPSS versión 27. Entre los resultados, se destaca que, de los 366 participantes, 110 apuestan en línea, y de estos, aproximadamente, el 30 % tienen posibles problemas de adicción al juego, según el CBJP; con el SOGS se muestra que el 31,8 % son probables jugadores patológicos. Hay mayor prevalencia del juego y apuestas en línea en hombres, y se destaca que la mayoría de las mujeres tienen ausencia de problemas con el juego; por el contrario, en hombres hay una prevalencia en algún problema con el juego.

Abstract Pathological gambling is a serious problem affecting the entire population, especially the youngest, considering the university population the least studied. The general objective of this study was to characterize gambling dependence and online betting on students of the Pontificia Bolivariana University, Bucaramanga sectional, as well as identify the sociodemographic variables and presence of dependence on gambling in the population studied. The methodology used in this study was a quantitative approach of non-experimental type, a cross-sectional and descriptive design, with a non-probabilistic type of sampling. The participation of 366 adult undergraduate and graduate students was obtained. The instruments used were the Pathological Gambling Brief Questionnaire (CBJP), the Colombian version of the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) and a questionnaire of sociodemographic data. The data analysis was done through the SPSS version 27 software. Among the results, it is highlighted that, of the 366 participants, 110 of these bets online, and approximately 30% have possible pathological gambling according to CBJP, with the SOGS it is shown that 31,8% are probable pathological players; There is a higher prevalence of online gambling and betting in men, it's highlighted that most women have no problems with gambling, on the contrary, in men, there's a prevalence in some problems with gambling.

Evaluación del estrés académico y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento en estudiantes universitarios / Assessment of academic stress and its effects on performance in university students

Resumen Objetivo: Construir un modelo de relacionamiento entre variables de estrés, afrontamiento académico y ansiedad con el rendimiento académico y el posible impacto de variables de control sociodemográficas en estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó "Diego Luis Córdoba". Metodología: La investigación fue de naturaleza cuantitativa, de corte analítico-transversal, que mediante un modelo de estructura de covarianza se evalúa un modelo causal sobre la influencia del estrés en el rendimiento académico. La muestra se seleccionó mediante muestreo por conveniencia, estuvo conformada por 292 estudiantes (57 % mujeres, 42,8 % hombres), con edades entre 16 a 48 años, matriculados en programas de pregrado en la Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las variables de control, edad, semestre cursado y estrato tienen influencia en el rendimiento académico. En cuanto al neuroticismo y el psicoticismo se afirma que influyen negativamente en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes a un nivel de confianza del 99,9 % y son negativos por su coeficiente negativo (-0,217). Conclusiones: De acuerdo con los análisis realizados sobre la evaluación del estrés académico y sus efectos sobre el rendimiento en estudiantes universitarios, se evidenció que los estudiantes que dependen económicamente de sus padres presentan mejor rendimiento académico en comparación con los que subsisten con rentas propias. Por su parte, el análisis entre el sexo y el promedio académico, evidenció que estas variables se encuentran correlacionadas, por ello las mujeres de este estudio presentan mejores promedios académicos que los hombres con unas desviaciones estándar (0,44, 0,46) mostrando poca dispersión de los datos entre los promedios.

Abstract Objective: To construct a model of relationship between stress, academic coping and anxiety variables with academic performance and the possible impact of sociodemographic control variables in university students of the Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó "Diego Luis Córdoba". Methodology: The research was of a quantitative nature, analytical-transversal cut, which by means of a covariance structure model evaluates a causal model on the influence of stress on academic performance. The sample was selected by convenience sampling and consisted of 292 students (57 % female, 42,8 % male), aged between 16 and 48 years, enrolled in undergraduate programs at the Universidad Tecnológica del Chocó Diego Luis Córdoba. Results: The results obtained show that the variables of control, age, semester studied and stratum have an influence on academic performance. Regarding neuroticism and Psychoticism it is stated that they have a negative influence on the academic performance of students at a confidence level of 99,9 % and are negative because of their negative coefficient (-0,217). Conclusions: According to the analyses carried out on the evaluation of academic stress and its effects on performance in university students, it was evident that students who depend economically on their parents present better academic performance compared to those who subsist on their own income. On the other hand, the analysis between sex and academic average showed that these variables are correlated; therefore, the women in this study presented better academic averages than the men with standard deviations (0,44, 0,46) showing little dispersion of the data between the averages.

Relación del estrés laboral y habilidades emocionales en profesores/as universitarios/as de educación física / Relationship between occupational stress and emotional skills among university professors in physical education / Relação entre stress relacionado com o trabalho e habilidades emocionais em professores universitários de educação física

El síndrome del Burnout es un estado de agotamiento físico y emocional que implica una pérdida del interés en el trabajo, actitudes negativas hacia los demás, y baja autoestima. Las habilidades emocionales se definen como capacidades para conocer y dominar emociones propias y de otros/as. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la relación entre los niveles de habilidades emocionales y síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física. Se evaluaron a 31 docentes universitarios de dos universidades de Santiago de Chile. Se aplicó la Escala de rasgo de metaconocimiento emocional validada en estudiantes de Educación Física de Chile y el inventario de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Los resultados revelan una relación baja y negativa entre los puntajes de despersonalización y reparación emocional en la muestra. El sexo del docente, los años de docencia universitaria, tener cargos directivos o estar en tratamiento psicológico o farmacológico no influyen en los niveles de estrés laboral y habilidades emocionales. Se recomienda replicar esta investigación con muestras de docentes universitarios de escuelas de Educación Física en otras universidades, además del control de otras variables como ansiedad, depresión, motivación, etc.

Burnout syndrome is a state of physical and emotional exhaustion that involves a loss of interest in work, negative attitudes towards others, and low self-esteem. Emotional skills are defined as the ability to recognize and manage one's own emotions and the emotions of others. The aim of the present research was to analyze the relationship between levels of emotional skills and Burnout syndrome in university professors from Physical Education schools. A total of 31 university professors from two universities in Santiago, Chile, were evaluated. The Trait Meta-Mood Scale, validated in Physical Education students in Chile, and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) were employed. The results reveal a low and negative relationship between depersonalization and emotional repair scores in the sample. The professor's gender, years of university teaching experience, holding managerial positions, or undergoing psychological or pharmacological treatment do not influence levels of occupational stress and emotional skills. It is recommended to replicate this research with samples of university professors from Physical Education schools in other universities, controlling other variables such as anxiety, depression, motivation, etc.

A síndrome o Burnout é um estado de esgotamento físico e emocional que implica uma perda do interesse no trabalho, atitudes negativas para com os outros, e baixa auto-estima. A habilidades emocionais é definida como capacidade para conhecer e dominar emoções próprias e de outros/as. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar a relação entre os níveis de habilidades emocionais e síndrome de Burnout em docentes universitários de Educação Física. Foram avaliados 31 docentes universitários de duas universidades de Santiago do Chile. Foi aplicada a Escala de rasgo de meta-conhecimento emocional validada em estudantes de Educação Física do Chile e o inventário de Burnout de Maslach (MBI). Os resultados revelam uma relação baixa e negativa entre as pontuações de despersonalização e reparação emocional na amostra. O sexo do docente, os anos de ensino universitário, ter cargos directivos ou estar em tratamento psicológico ou farmacológico não influem nos níveis de stress laboral e habilidades emocionais. Recomenda-se replicar esta pesquisa com amostras de docentes universitários de escolas de Educação Física em outras universidades, além do controle de outras variáveis como ansiedade, depressão, motivação, etc.

Autopercepción de las competencias ciudadanas en estudiantes de educación física en Santiago de Chile / Self-perception of citizenship competencies in physical education students in Santiago, Chile / Autopercepção das competências de cidadania em estudantes de educação física em Santiago, Chile

Las competencias ciudadanas se pueden describir como aquellas herramientas que orientan y forman a los ciudadanos de manera integral. En el contexto de la Educación Física, existen escasos estudios abordando esta temática, y tampoco se encontraron instrumentos validados en dicha población. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: a) Conocer las propiedades Psicométricas del cuestionario de Competencias Ciudadanas en una muestra de estudiantes de Educación Física y b) determinar la autopercepción de los niveles de competencias ciudadanas en los estudiantes de Pedagogía Educación Física de una universidad de Santiago de Chile. Metodología: cuantitativa, no experimental de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo constituida por 201 estudiantes de ambos sexos de primer a quinto año de la carrera de Pedagogía en Educación Física de una universidad de Santiago de Chile. Los principales resultados arrojan que el instrumento es válido (KMO=0.961 con dos factores que explican el 74,9% de la varianza total) y confiable (α=0.958) para ser utilizado en la muestra, constituida por un total de 16 ítems (14 para Responsabilidad Socio-afectiva y dos para Regulación de convivencia), en cuanto a las comparaciones, las participantes del sexo femenino obtuvieron puntuaciones más altas, así como también las diferencias por curso, siendo los estudiantes de cuarto año quienes presentaron resultados menos favorables. Se concluye que las competencias ciudadanas son relevantes en la formación del profesorado y se propone investigar metodologías experimentales para mejorar las habilidades a través de las clases de Educación Física.

Citizen competences can be described as those tools that guide and educate citizens in a comprehensive manner. In the context of physical education, there are few studies addressing this issue, and no validated instruments were found in this population. The objectives of this study were: a) To know the Psychometric properties of the Citizen Competencies questionnaire in a sample of Physical Education students and b) to determine the self-perception of the levels of citizen competencies in students of Physical Education Pedagogy of a university Santiago de Chile. Methodology: quantitative, not experimental cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 201 students of both sexes from the first to the fifth year of the degree of Pedagogy in Physical Education of a university in Santiago de Chile. The main results show that the instrument is valid (KMO=0.961 with two factors that explain 74.9% of the total variance) and reliable (α=0.958) to be used in the sample, consisting of a total of 16 items (14 for Socio-affective Responsibility and 2 for Coexistence Regulation), in terms of comparisons female participants obtained higher scores, as well as differences by course, fourth-year students presented less favourable results. It is concluded that citizen competencies are relevant in teacher training and proposes to investigate experimental methodologies to improve skills through physical education classes.

As competências dos cidadãos podem ser descritas como os instrumentos que orientam e formam os cidadãos de forma integral. No contexto da Educação Física, existem poucos estudos abordando esta temática, e tampouco se encontraram instrumentos validados nessa população. Os objectivos do presente estudo foram: a) Conhecer as propriedades psicométricas do questionário de Competências Cidadãs numa amostra de estudantes de Educação Física e b) determinar a autopercepção dos níveis de competências cidadãs nos estudantes de Pedagogia Educação Física de uma universidade de Santiago do Chile. Metodologia: quantitativa, não experimental de corte transversal. A mostra foi constituída por 201 estudantes de ambos os sexos do primeiro ao quinto ano da carreira de Pedagogia em Educação Física de uma universidade de Santiago do Chile. Os principais resultados revelam que o instrumento é válido (KMO=0.961 com dois fatores que explicam 74,9% da variância total) e confiável (α=0.958) para ser utilizado na amostra, constituída por um total de 16 itens (14 para Responsabilidade Socioafetiva e 2 para Regulação de convivência), quanto às comparações as participantes do sexo feminino obtiveram pontuações mais altas, assim como as diferenças por curso, Os estudantes do quarto ano apresentaram resultados menos favoráveis. Conclui-se que as competências cidadãs são relevantes na formação de professores e se propõe investigar metodologias experimentais para melhorar as habilidades através das aulas de Educação Física.

La atención a la diversidad cultural: esencialidades para la formación de los profesores de medicina

La diversidad cultural es el resultado de un proceso que se conforma en el marco de las relaciones sociales, económicas y culturales. Se hace imprescindible que los profesores universitarios estén preparados para atender la diversidad cultural de sus estudiantes, teniendo en cuenta las particularidades de su cultura nacional y la de otros grupos de diferentes procedencias que coexisten en un mismo escenario educativo. La diversidad cultural es un reto de la comunidad educativa y debe estar contemplada en la formación permanente de los profesores de las universidades médicas fundamentalmente por sus contextos, los ambientes socioeconómicos y los problemas de salud, sobre todo por las enfermedades crónicas no trasmisibles debido a su alta prevalencia y su repercusión en el individuo y su familia, en los que influyen los factores de riesgo y las determinantes sociales, condicionados por sus orígenes, creencias, vivencias y representaciones que matizan los contextos interculturales actuales a nivel mundial.

Cultural diversity is the result of a process that is formed within the framework of social, economic and cultural relations. It is essential that university professors are prepared to address the cultural diversity of their students, taking into account the particularities of their national culture and that of other groups of different origins that coexist in the same educational setting. Cultural diversity is a challenge for the educational community and must be considered in the ongoing training of professors at medical universities, fundamentally due to their contexts, socioeconomic environments and health problems, especially chronic non-communicable diseases due to their high prevalence and its impact on the individual and his or her family, influenced by risk factors and social determinants, conditioned by their origins, beliefs, experiences and representations that color current intercultural contexts worldwide.

Profiles of childhood trauma: epidemiological survey results of an educated young community cohort

Background: Childhood trauma is a major threat to the welfare and prosperity of any society. Young adult population is vulnerable due to increasing adverse childhood experiences and the likelihood of serious implications in educational performance and mental health. This survey was aimed to observe the proportion of various types of childhood traumas and their association with different socio-demographic characteristics among young university students of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 young university students, during August-December 2023. Initially, cluster sampling was done deemed to the epidemiological survey. Afterwards, from the selected clusters, students from different universities were approached using non-probability convenient sampling technique. Self-reported data were collected through a questionnaire comprising of socio-demographic characteristics along with the types of traumas experienced during their childhood. SPSS Version 26.0 was used to analyse data. Results: Of the 300 university students with a mean age of 22.14±2 years, 55.3% were females. Overall, 63.6% of the participants experienced trauma before 18 years age. The most common trauma types reported were physical/verbal abuse (81%), unlawful touch/sexual abuse (45%), parents separated/divorced (31%) abandoned by parents (20%), lived with an alcoholic/drug addict (18%) or with a mentally ill adult (14%). There were no statistically significant findings between childhood trauma experience and socio-demographic traits. Conclusions: Various profiles of childhood trauma were found prevalent in young university level individuals. Current research does suggest a way forward to prevent this public health issue that can have detrimental consequences on an individual’s mental and physical health and stress reactivity.

Knowledge and perception of hypercholesterolemia among Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University students

Background: Hypercholesterolemia is one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which could escalate mortality rates in Saudi Arabia. Research has shown that the prevalence of high cholesterol in Saudi Arabia is predicted to rise in the next few years. The knowledge and perception are important as this is one of the modifiable risk factors for NCDs. The aim of study is to assess the knowledge and perception regarding hypercholesterolemia among university students and to determine if there is any relation between knowledge and perception of hypercholesterolemia among university students. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a self-administrated questionnaire measuring the knowledge and perception of hypercholesterolemia was conducted among 588 medical and non-medical students at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University. Results: The result indicates that 54.93% of the participants had poor knowledge about hypercholesterolemia and 79.76% of them had a positive perception about it. Conclusions: There is a gap in knowledge and perception regarding high cholesterol. Furthermore, it was found that there is a significant association between the knowledge and perception regarding hypercholesterolemia among Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University students.

Percepções dos tradutores/intérpretes de Libras sobre a inclusão dos discentes surdos no curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal de Rondônia / Perceptions of Libras translators/interpreters about the inclusion of deaf students in the Physical Education course of the Federal University of Rondônia / Percepciones de los traductores/intérprete Libras sobre la inclusión de estudiantes sordos en el curso de Educación Física de la Universidad Federal de Rondônia

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a inclusão dos discentes surdos na Universidade Federal de Rondônia, na perspectiva dos tradutores/intérpretes de Libras. A pesquisa caracterizou-se como observacional, de natureza qualitativa e com recorte transversal. Participaram oito tradutores/intérpretes de Libras. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário eletrônico do Google Forms. Os resultados revelaram que a falta de preparo/qualificação dos docentes e servidores para atuar com esse público é apontada como uma importante barreira, sendo a comunicação o pior problema. Atividades práticas são mais bem acompanhadas e as atividades teóricas revelam-se desafiadoras, especialmente por conta da tradução/interpretação de determinados termos específicos de cada área (AU).

This research aimed to analyze the inclusion of deaf stu-dents at the Federal University of Rondônia, from the perspective of Libras translators/interpreters. The research was characterized as observational, qualitative, and with a cross-sectional approach. Eight Libras translators/interpreters participated. Data were col-lected using an electronic Google Forms questionnaire. The results revealed that the lack of preparation/qualification of teachers and employees to work with this public is an important barrier, with communication being the worst problem. Practical activities are better monitored, and theoretical activities are challenging, espe-cially due to the translation/interpretation of certain terms specific to each area (AU).

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la inclusión de estudiantes sordos en la Universidad Federal de Rondônia, desde la perspectiva de los traductores/intérpretes de Libras. La investigación se caracterizó por ser de carácter observacional, cualitativa y con enfoque transversal. Participaron ocho traductores/intérpretes Libras. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario electrónico de Google Forms. Los resultados revelaron que la falta de preparación/calificación de docentes y empleados para trabajar con este público se identifica como una barrera importante, siendo la comunicación el peor problema. Las actividades prácticas están mejor supervisadas y las actividades teóricas resultan desafiantes, especialmente debido a la traducción/interpretación de ciertos términos específicos de cada área (AU).

A presença dos grupos minoritários na universidade: uma revisão de literatura / Presence of minority groups at university: A literature review / La presencia de grupos minoritarios en la universidad: una revisión de la literatura

Resumo Vinculado ao projeto de pesquisa «Qual universidade salesiana para os jovens de hoje?: ouvindo a voz dos alunos¼, parceria entre instituições salesianas da América Latina, o artigo é fruto de um mapeamento de produções realizadas em bases de dados do Brasil, que busca a discussão, a escrita e os olhares que foram produzidos, no período de 2018 a 2021, em pesquisas acadêmicas cuja a temática está voltada aos grupos minoritários que estudam em instituições de ensino superior. O artigo evidencia que ao problematizar os grupos minoritários no ensino superior, as discussões, os debates e os enfrentamentos para a construção de um espaço de diálogo, autonomia e respeito são fatores sempre presentes, pois são elementos de um posicionamento político que busca a qualidade do acesso e da permanência.

Abstract (analytical) Linked to the research Project «What salesian university for today's youth?: Listening to the voices of its students¼, a partnership between Salesian institutions in Latin America, the article is the result of a mapping of productions carried out in databases in Brazil, which seeks the discussion, writing and views that were produced, from 2018 to 2021, in academic research whose theme is focused on minority groups studying in higher education institutions. The article shows that when problematizing minority groups in higher education, discussions, debates and confrontations for the construction of a space for dialogue, autonomy and respect are always present factors, as they are elements of a political position that seeks the quality of the access and permanence.

Resumen (analítico) Vinculado al proyecto de investigación «¿Qué universidad salesiana para los jóvenes de hoy?: escuchando las voces de sus estudiantes¼, una asociación entre instituciones salesianas de América Latina, el artículo es el resultado de un mapeo de producciones realizadas en bases de datos de Brasil, que busca la discusión, la escritura y las miradas que se han producido, en el período de 2018 a 2021, en investigaciones académicas cuyo tema está dirigido a los grupos minoritarios que estudian en instituciones de educación superior. El artículo evidencia que, al problematizar los grupos minoritarios en la educación superior, las discusiones, los debates y los enfrentamientos para la construcción de un espacio de diálogo, autonomía y respeto son factores siempre presentes, ya que son elementos de una posición política que busca la calidad del acceso y la permanencia.

Inequidad y violencia de género: percepciones de universitarios del sur de Chile / Inequality and gender violence: perceptions of university students in southern Chile / Desigualdade e violência de gênero: percepções de estudantes universitários no sul do Chile

Resumen (analítico) Analizamos las maneras en que jóvenes estudiantes de la Universidad Austral de Chile interpretan la inequidad y violencia de género, y qué posicionamientos adoptan al respecto. Desde una metodología cualitativa, estudiamos testimonios orales y escritos de 12 estudiantes de pre y posgrado de la Universidad Austral de Chile, siguiendo la teoría fundamentada constructivista. Los resultados evidencian que algunas interpretaciones y posicionamientos reciben la influencia de experiencias directas e indirectas de violencia y del acceso a diversas fuentes de conocimiento. En consecuencia, los individuos jóvenes manifiestan distintos estadios de comprensión, conciencia y reflexión crítica sobre el fenómeno, así como posicionamientos predominantemente críticos/activos o acríticos/pasivos. Finalmente, proponen estrategias para erradicar la violencia de género, como la creación de espacios coeducativos, la flexibilización de heteronormas y la integración de disidencias.

Abstract (analytical) The ways in which young people who are students at the Austral University of Chile interpret inequality and gender violence and the positions they adopt towards these phenomena. A qualitative met-hodology was used to analyze oral and written testimonies from 12 pre and postgraduate students at the university in accordance with constructivist grounded theory. The results show that the students' interpretations and positions are influenced by their direct and indirect experiences of violence, as well as their access to different sources of knowledge. As a result, young people demonstrate different stages of understanding, awareness and critical reflection of this phenomenon, as well as expressing either critical/active or uncritical/passive positions. Finally, the university students proposed strategies to eradicate gender violence, including the creation of coeducational spaces, making heteronormative practices more flexible and integrating dissenting opinions.

Resumo (analítico) Se analisa as maneiras em que os jovens estudantes da Universidad Austral de Chile interpretam a desigualdade e violência de gênero e qué posicionamientos adotam a respeito. A partir de uma metodologia qualitativa, analisamos depoimentos orais e escritos de 12 estudantes de pré e pós-graduação da Universidade Austral do Chile, seguindo a teoria fundamental construtivista. Os resultados evidenciam que interpretações e posicionamentos são influenciados por experiências diretas e indiretas de violência e pelo acesso a diversas fontes de conhecimento. Em consequência, os/as jovens manifestam diferentes estádios de compreensão, consciência e reflexão crítica sobre o fenômeno, assim como posicionamientos predominantemente críticos/ativos ou acríticos/passivos. Finalmente, propõe estratégias para erradicar a violência de gênero, como a criação de espaços coeducativos, a flexibilização de heteronormas e a integração de dissidências.