El Instituto de Neurocirugía e Investigaciones Cerebrales de Santiago de Chile y la primera neurocirujana en Latinoamérica / The Institute of Neurosurgery and Cerebral Research in Santiago de Chile and the first neurosurgeon woman in Latinamerica

La mexicana María Cristina García-Sancho de Penichet (1919- ) fue la primera neurocirujana en América Latina. Estudió medicina en una época en que la inserción de la mujer en esta disciplina todavía era baja y se decidió por una especialidad, inclusive difícil para los mismos hombres; la neurocirugía. Se preparó en este campo con uno de los grandes neurocirujanos de la época, Alfonso Asenjo Gómez (1906-1980) y en uno de los mejores lugares del mundo, el Instituto de Neurocirugía e Investigaciones Cerebrales en Santiago de Chile. Su aportación a la neurocirugía fue haber modificado el proceso quirúrgico de la cordotomía, operación para controlar el dolor y que tradicionalmente se hacía en dos tiempos. La doctora García-Sancho propuso realizarla en un solo paso.

María Cristina García-Sancho de Penichet (1919- ), a Mexican, was the first woman neurosurgeon in Latin America. She studied medicine at a time when women’s participation in medicine was limited, yet she chose specialization that was considered difficult even for men: neurosurgery. She trained in this discipline with one of the great neurosurgeons of the time, the Chilean Alfonso Asenjo Gómez (1906-1918), and at one of the most prestigious establishments in the world: the Institute of Neurosurgery and Cerebral Research in Santiago de Chile. Her main contribution to the field of neurology consisted in modifying the surgical procedure called cordotomy, an operation for pain control that traditionally required a two-step procedure, but which Dr. García-Sancho showed could be performed in just one step.

The increasing female participation in authorship of articles published in neurology in Brazil / A crescente participação da mulher na autoria de trabalhos publicados em neurologia no Brasil

During the past four decades the participation of women in medicine has increased dramatically. This study is focused on the women's participation in authorship of articles published in the Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, the official Journal of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology. The articles were analyzed according to the number of articles and sex of both first and the senior (last) authors. The data were collected from 1945 to 2005. A total of 950 articles were published in this period. The proportion of women serving as first authors increased from 2.8 percent to 36.6 percent and the proportion serving as senior authors increased from 2.8 percent to 23.8 percent (1945-2005).

Nas últimas quatro décadas houve um aumento crescente na participação de mulheres na medicina. Este artigo apresenta a participação de mulheres como autoras de artigos publicados em Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, jornal oficial da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia. Foi analisada esta participação em quinquênios, a partir de 1945 até 2005. Foram publicados neste período 950 artigos. A participação de mulheres como primeiro autor apresentou aumento de 2,8 por cento (1945) para 36,6 por cento (2005) e como último autor (chefe de grupo) passou de 2,8 por cento (1945) para 23,8 por cento (2005).