Effect of core stability exercises on knee proprioception, function and quality of life in chronic total knee replacement patients

Background: Chronic osteoarthritis of knee joint leads to severe pain after weight bearing and prolonged activities .TKR is widely used as a successful and effective last-stage surgical treatment for relieving chronic knee pain and functional disability. This research aimed to study the effect of core stability exercises on knee proprioception, function and quality of life in chronic total knee replacement patients. Methods: Total 40 patients with chronic total knee replacement with age between 45-65 years were included. They were divided into two groups: Group-A (n=20) and Group-B (n=20). Both group received conventional treatment, in addition Group-B received core stability exercise. Patients were evaluated pre-intervention (0 week) and post-intervention (4 week) for proprioception (by universal goniometer), for function (LEFS) and for quality of life (SF-12). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version. Significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for within group comparison. There was statistically significant difference in mean of proprioception, function and SF-12 PCS in both groups during four week intervention period. Mann Whitney U test was applied for between group comparison. Significant difference was found between Group-A and Group-B in mean difference of proprioception, function. Conclusions: The concluded that the core stability exercise along with conventional treatment is more effective for improving knee proprioception, function and quality of life than alone conventional treatment in chronic total knee replacement patients.

Core stability training reduces risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury in landing movements / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that poor dynamic postural control may lead to abnormal movement patterns during exercise,which may increase the risk of lower limb joint and anterior cruciate ligament injury.The stability of the body core is the basis of good dynamic postural control. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of core stability training on dynamic postural control and risk of injury in landing movements,and to compare the differences in training effects between genders. METHODS:Thirty-five college students(male=19,female=16)were recruited for 6 weeks of core stability training.The results of the Y balance test,trunk extensor endurance test,trunk flexor endurance test,lateral bridge endurance test,and landing error scoring system were analyzed before and after training. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The 6-week core stability training could improve trunk extensor endurance(P＜0.001),flexor endurance(P＜0.001),and lateral abdominal muscle endurance(P＜0.001).Core stability training could improve forward distance(P=0.026),backward inward distance(P＜0.001),backward outward distance(P=0.005)and comprehensive score(P＜0.001)of Y balance test for male and female college students.Landing error scoring system scores of both male and female college students significantly decreased after 6 weeks of core stability training(P＜0.001)while increasing knee(P＜0.001)and hip flexion angles(P＜0.001),decreasing knee valgus angle(P＜0.001)at the moment of touchdown,and could increase the maximum knee flexion angle(P＜0.001)and decrease the maximum knee valgus angle(P＜0.001).It is concluded that core stability training improves dynamic postural control and improves landing movement patterns,suggesting that it may help reduce the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.There are no sex differences in core stability training in terms of increased trunk flexor endurance,lateral bridge muscle group endurance,improved dynamic postural control,and reduced risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on human single-leg landing stability / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS),as a non-invasive brain stimulation technique,can enhance human muscle strength or improve single-leg landing stability instantly,but no relevant research has demonstrated this yet. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effect of tDCS on the stability of single-leg landings in human subjects. METHODS:Male undergraduate students from Wuhan Sports University were recruited as study participants.They were divided into two groups,A(n=6)and B(n=5),using a random number table.Group A underwent a sham stimulation session followed by a 3-day washout period,after which they received tDCS.Conversely,Group B received tDCS initially,followed by a 3-day washout period,and subsequently underwent the sham stimulation session.Following the respective stimulation sessions,an immediate single-leg landing test was administered to assess and collect biomechanical parameters.Data resulting from the tDCS intervention were aggregated and analyzed as the experimental group dataset,whereas data stemming from the sham stimulation were consolidated as the control group dataset. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Regarding core stability,the tDCS intervention showed a significant interaction with landing height on the maximal trunk flexion angle(P＜0.05).A paired comparison of the data showed a significant decrease in the maximum trunk flexion angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation at a 30-cm landing height.Additionally,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity(P＜0.05).Following true stimulation,there was a significant decrease in the maximum trunk lateral bending angle and the mean trunk lateral bending angular velocity compared to sham stimulation.In terms of lower limb joint stability,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the maximum dynamic ankle valgus angle(P＜0.05).This resulted in a significant decrease in the angle following true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.In addition,the tDCS intervention had a significant main effect on the peak muscle activation of the lateral head of the gastrocnemius lateralis(P＜0.05).This showed a significant increase after true stimulation compared to sham stimulation.An interaction between the tDCS intervention and landing height was observed for the peak muscle activation of the tibialis anterior(P＜0.05).Paired comparison analyses revealed a significant increase in muscle activation after true stimulation specifically at a 60-cm landing height.Regarding center of pressure stability,there were no significant interactions or main effects of the tDCS intervention on the mean lateral displacement,mean lateral displacement velocity,mean anterior-posterior displacement,or mean anterior-posterior displacement velocity at the center of pressure(P＞0.05).Furthermore,the tDCS intervention had no significant main effects on any of the center of pressure indicators(P＞0.05).In conclusion,tDCS can immediately improve core stability and lower limb joint stability during single-leg landing,making it an effective warm-up technique for improving single-leg landing stability and reducing the risk of lower limb injuries.

Relationship between core function and pressure pain threshold in senior women with non-specific chronic low back pain: cross-sectional study / Relação entre a função do core e o limiar de dor a pressão em mulheres idosas com dor lombar crônica inespecífica: estudo transversal

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNLBP) is a public health issue. Dysfunctions in muscle activation and spinal stability are estimated to directly impact pain intensity. Additionally, senior women experience greater decline in muscle function due to aging, rendering this demographic more susceptible to developing low back pain. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between core muscle instability, strength, and endurance with pressure pain threshold in senior individuals with CNLBP. METHODS: This is a quantitative observational study, with a descriptive cross-sectional design, conducted on women aged 60 to 79 years. The pressure pain threshold (PPT). The pressure pain threshold (PPT) was assessed using a pressure algometer applied to the paravertebral and anterior tibial musculature. Trunk instability was assessed on both a stable and an unstable seat, positioned atop a force platform that provided real-time displacement of the pressure center. Maximum isometric strength and endurance of trunk flexors and extensors were assessed using the McGill protocol. Person's correlations coefficient (r) was calculated, and the data were presented as mean and standard deviation. The significance level was set at p<0.05. RESULTS: This study included 49 senior women (67,3±5,6 years; body mass index of 28,5±5,2 kg/m2; pain intensity of 4,6±2,3 on a 0-10scale). No correlation was observed between PPT at L3, L5 and TA with lumbar instability, maximum isometric strength and trunk muscle endurance. CONCLUSION: In this study, no correlation was found between lumbar instability, maximum isometric strength and trunk muscle endurance with the PPT in senior women with CNLBP.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor lombar crônica inespecífica (DLCI) é um problema de saúde pública. Estima-se que disfunções na ativação muscular e na estabilidade da coluna possam repercutir diretamente na intensidade da dor. Além disso, em decorrência da idade, as mulheres idosas apresentam maior declínio na função muscular, tornando esse público mais suscetível a desenvolver a dor lombar. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a correlação entre instabilidade, força e resistência dos músculos do core com o limiar de dor por pressão em idosas com DLCI. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional quantitativo, com delineamento transversal descritivo, realizado em mulheres com idade entre 60 e 79 anos. O limiar de dor por pressão (LDP) foi avaliado com um algômetro de pressão na musculatura paravertebral (bilateralmente ao processo espinhoso nível de L3 a L5) e cinco cm abaixo da tuberosidade da tibial direita no tibial anterior. A instabilidade de tronco foi avaliada em um assento estável e outro instável, posicionados sobre uma plataforma de força para análise do deslocamento do centro de pressão em tempo real. A força isométrica máxima e a resistência de flexores e extensores do tronco foi avaliada por meio do protocolo de McGill. Foi calculado o coeficiente de correlação de Pearson (r), os dados foram expressos em média e desvio padrão e o valor considerado significativo quando p<0,05. RESULTADOS: Participaram deste estudo 49 mulheres (67,3±5,6 anos; índice de massa corporal de 28,5±5,2 kg/m2; intensidade da dor 4,6±2,3 em uma escala de 0- a 10). Não foi encontrada correlação entre o LDP em L3, L5 e TA com instabilidade lombar, força isométrica máxima e resistência dos músculos do tronco. CONCLUSÃO: Não foi encontrada, neste estudo, uma correlação entre a instabilidade lombar, a força isométrica máxima e a resistência dos músculos do tronco com o LDP em mulheres idosas com DLCI.

Inter-relationship between altered thoracic- kyphosis angle and core stability and its effect on quality of life among female subjects with hyper-kyphosis

Background: The hyper-kyphotic posture may result in altered alignment of the shoulder and pelvic girdle which may develop compensatory changes in the spinal segments above and below. Thus, affecting the components which maintain the core stability. In this study two components namely strength and endurance were evaluated. The main objective was to determine if there was any correlation between the altered thoracic kyphosis and the core stability as well as to study the effect of hyper-kyphosis on quality of life in female subjects. Methods: The study included 84 female subjects from various areas of Surat aged between 20-60 years with thoracic-kyphosis angle more than 50º and were able to read and write Gujarati language. The Thoracic-kyphosis angle was measured using inclinometer and to assess the core stability (1) Static Endurance tests (2) Dynamic Endurance test and (3) Trunk MMT for strength testing was used. The quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF Gujarati version. Results: Statistically, moderate positive correlation was obtained between age and thoracic-kyphosis angle. There was strong positive correlation between thoracic-kyphosis angle and flexion: extension, thoracic-kyphosis angle and right-side bridge: left-side bridge, thoracic-kyphosis angle and right- side bridge: extension and thoracic-kyphosis angle and left-side bridge: extension. Out of four domains of WHOQOL-BREF the first two domains showed moderate negative correlation. Conclusions: The core stability was hampered more in subjects with more thoracic-kyphosis angle. While only the physical and psychological component of quality of life was affected by the altered thoracic-kyphosis angle.

Effect of combination of pressure biofeedback therapy and Flexi-bar in sitting on chronic non-specific low back pain / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the immediate and short-term effects of pressure biofeedback therapy combined with Flexi-bar exercise in the sitting position on chronic non-specific low back pain (CNSLBP). MethodsFrom June to September, 2022, 27 CNSLBP students in Xuzhou Medical University and other universities around were randomly divided into pressure biofeedback unit (PBU) group (n = 9), Flexi-bar group (n = 9) and combined group (n = 9). On the basis of routine rehabilitation guidance, the PBU group accepted pressure biofeedback therapy, the Flexi-bar group accepted active vibration therapy, and the combined group accepted pressure biofeedback therapy and active vibration therapy, for three weeks. They were measured core stability with Stabilizer, lumbar joint repositioning error (LJRE) with iHandy, and bilateral transverse abdominis thickness and multifidus muscle cross-sectional area with ultrasonography; and assessed with Visual Analogue Scale for pain (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before and after treatment; and the core stability were measured immediately after the first treatment. ResultsThe indexes of core stability improved after the first treatment (|t| > 3.000, P < 0.05) in all groups, and improved the most in the combined group (F > 10.909, P < 0.001). All the indexes improved after three weeks of treatment (|t| > 2.604, P < 0.05), except for LJRE in PBU group; and they were the best in the combined group (|F| > 4.061, P < 0.05), except LJRE was not significantly different from the Flexi-bar group (P > 0.05). ConclusionPressure biofeedback therapy combined with Flexi-bar exercise in the sitting position can more effectively improve core stability and core muscles, proprioception, and pain for patients with CNSLBP.

Core stability training applying the sling exercise therapy pattern can significantly improve the balance of stroke survivors / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the impact of core stability training in the sling exercise therapy pattern on the balance of stroke survivors.Methods:Sixty stroke survivors were randomly divided into a control group ( n=30) and an experimental group ( n=30). In addition to routine rehabilitation training, the control group received traditional core stability training, while the experimental group underwent core stability training applying the sling exercise therapy pattern. Before and after 4 weeks of training, the standing balance of both groups was evaluated using the Prokin balance trainer, with the length and area of motion recorded when performing the balance test with the eyes open and closed. Surface electromyography was used to record the average EMG (AEMG) values of the bilateral erector spinae and multifidus muscles during the balance testing. Results:After the 4 weeks of training the length and the area of progression of the center of the pressure were both significantly smaller for both groups than before the training with the eyes both open and closed. The average length and area in the experimental group were significantly less than among the controls. The AEMG values recorded during the balance tests were significantly higher than those before the intervention for both groups, with the multifidus muscle averages on the affected side significantly greater in the experimental group than among the controls when performing the balance test with the eyes closed.Conclusion:Core stability training in the sling exercise therapy pattern is superior to conventional core stability training because it can better improve the balance of stroke survivors.

Effect of core stability training on dynamic balance and surface electromyography after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of core stability training on dynamic balance and surface electromyography (sEMG) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), and to analyze the correlation between balance index and sEMG. MethodsFrom March to December, 2022, 32 patients with ACLR in Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University were randomly divided into control group (n = 16) and experimental group (n = 16). The control group accepted routine rehabilitation treatment, and the experimental group added core stability training, for six weeks. They were evaluated with American Hospital for Special Surgery Knee Score (HSS) and International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Score (IKDC), and the dynamic balance function and sEMG were measured before and after treatment, and the correlation between dynamic balance index and root mean square (RMS) of sEMG was analyzed. ResultsAfter treatment, the scores of HSS and IKDC increased significantly in both groups (|Z| > 3.526, |t| > 63.544, P < 0.001), and were better in the experimental group than in the control group (Z = -2.392, t = 2.650, P < 0.05); the length of gait line and single support line increased significantly, the medial-lateral displacement displacement decreased (|t| > 2.368, Z = -3.516, P < 0.05), and they were better in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.497, Z = -3.091, P < 0.05); the RMS of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius increased in the experimental group (t = -5.900, Z = -2.741, P < 0.01), and were better than those in the control group (t = 3.930, Z = -3.260, P < 0.01). After treatment, the RMS of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius in both groups were positively correlated with gait line length and single support line length, and were negatively correlated with medial-lateral displacement (|r| > 0.502, P < 0.01). ConclusionCore stability training could significantly improve knee joint function and dynamic balance, and enhance the activation of gluteus maximus and gluteus medius. Dynamic balance is highly correlated with sEMG.

Effects of sling exercise on the core endurance and performance of basketball players / Efectos del ejercicio con sling en la resistencia del core y rendimiento de los jugadores de baloncesto / Efeitos do exercício com sling na resistência do core e desempenho de jogadores de basquetebol

ABSTRACT Introduction Strong core stability and strength enable the trunk to transfer the maximum amount of torque to the terminal segments, which is conducive to improving athletic performance. Because sling training is a new core exercise method, its effect on trunk endurance relative to basketball performance has rarely been studied. Objective To investigate whether a core exercise program in a specific sports group can improve core and sports-specific performance. Methods A total of 40 college students majoring in basketball were randomly assigned to training and control groups. A standardized set of core endurance and basketball-specific performance tests were used to determine and assess the effects of sling training on trunk strength, endurance, and control. Results Flexor, extensor, and right and left lateral trunk flexor muscles endurance were significantly greater in the training group than in the control group, and the time to complete the layup obstacle course was shorter than in the control group at the end of the training program, p<0.01. No differences between the two groups were found in the penalty shot, the fixed position shot, or the vertical jump and reach at the end of the training program. Conclusions Sling exercises can improve the core endurance and strength of basketball players and increase the speed of lay-ups over obstructions. Level of evidence I; Randomized clinical trial.

RESUMEN Introducción La sólida estabilidad y fuerza del core permiten que el tronco transfiera el torque máximo a los segmentos terminales, lo que conduce a mejorar el rendimiento deportivo. Como método novedoso de ejercicio para el core, se ha estudiado poco el efecto del entrenamiento con ejercicios con sling sobre la resistencia del tronco en relación con el rendimiento en el baloncesto. Objetivo Investigar si un programa de ejercicios para el core en un grupo deportivo específico puede mejorar el rendimiento del core y específico del deporte. Métodos Un total de 40 estudiantes universitarios con especialización en baloncesto fueron asignados aleatoriamente a grupos de entrenamiento y de control. Se utilizó una serie estandarizada de pruebas de resistencia del core y rendimiento específico del baloncesto para determinar y evaluar los efectos de los ejercicios con sling en la fuerza, la resistencia y el control del tronco. Resultados La resistencia de los músculos flexores, extensores y flexores laterales derecho e izquierdo del tronco fue significativamente mayor en el grupo de entrenamiento en comparación con el grupo de control, y el tiempo para completar la prueba de tiro con obstáculos fue menor que el del grupo de control al final del programa de entrenamiento, p<0,01. No hubo diferencias entre los dos grupos en lo que respecta a: tiro libre, lanzamiento en posición fija y salto vertical y alcance al final del programa de entrenamiento. Conclusiones Los ejercicios con sling pueden mejorar la resistencia y la fuerza del core en jugadores de baloncesto y aumentar la velocidad de los tiros con dribling. Nivel de evidencia I; Ensayo clínico aleatorizado.

RESUMO Introdução A sólida estabilidade e a força do core permitem que o tronco transfira o torque máximo para os segmentos terminais, o que é propício para melhorar o desempenho atlético. Como um novo método de exercício para o core, o efeito do treinamento com sling na resistência do tronco com relação ao desempenho no basquete tem sido pouco estudado. Objetivo Investigar se um programa de exercícios para o core em um grupo esportivo específico pode melhorar o desempenho do core e específico do esporte. Métodos Um total de 40 estudantes universitários formados em basquete foram aleatoriamente designados para grupos de treinamento e controle. Uma série padronizada de testes de resistência do core e desempenho específico do basquete foi usada para determinar e avaliar os efeitos dos exercícios com sling na força, resistência e controle do tronco. Resultados A resistência dos músculos flexores, extensores e flexores laterais direito e esquerdo do tronco foi significativamente maior no grupo treinamento em comparação ao grupo controle e o tempo para concluir o teste de bandeja com obstáculos foi menor que o do grupo controle no final do programa de treinamento, p < 0,01. Não houve diferenças entre os dois grupos quanto ao lance livre, arremesso em posição fixa e salto vertical e alcance no final do programa de treinamento. Conclusões Os exercícios com sling podem melhorar a resistência e a força do core em jogadores de basquete e aumentar a velocidade das bandejas com drible. Nível de evidência I; Estudo clínico randomizado.

Efecto de un programa de realidad virtual para mejorar la estabilidad de tronco en lanzadores de bala y jabalina paralímpicos. Un estudio de casos / Effect of a virtual reality program to improve trunk stability in Paralympic shot put and javelin throwers. A case study

Introducción: El deporte paralímpico se originó como parte de procesos de re-habilitación para personas que tuvieran discapacidad. Durante la ejecución de las disciplinas paralímpicas el control motor en la región del tronco y en especial del abdomen es de gran importancia para prevenir lesiones y mejorar el registro de la marca deportiva. Son muchas las herramientas utilizadas por los entrenadores de-portivos para mejorar la fuerza muscular y por consiguiente la estabilidad de tronco, buscando disminuir el riesgo en el ámbito deportivo. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre el uso de realidad virtual, junto con plataformas de estabilometría para el en-trenamiento de deportistas paralímpicos con lesiones físicas, son escasas.Objetivo: Establecer el efecto de un programa de entrenamiento del tronco apoya-do en realidad virtual en deportistas de alto rendimiento paralímpicos, lanzadores de bala y jabalina con lesiones físicas y que compiten en sillas de lanzamiento. Materiales y método: La investigación fue diseñada como un estudio cuasiex-perimental intrasujeto. Se evaluaron cinco sujetos deportistas paralímpicos de alto rendimiento con discapacidad física. Se empleó un software de realidad virtual que incluye patrones y juegos lúdicos ajustables en tiempo e intensidad y una platafor-ma de bipedestación dinámico como parte del equipo de intervención, ajustable al paciente, que permite reeducar el equilibrio, la propiocepción, fortalecer y lograr el control del tronco. Las variables de análisis fueron el nivel del desplazamiento ante-roposterior y lateral del tronco y los cambios en el volumen de acción. Se realizó una evaluación inicial, una intervención que duró de seis semanas y la evaluación final. Resultados: En las evaluaciones iniciales de todos los atletas se observó una ten-dencia al desplazamiento en sentido posterior. En la evaluación final, los rangos de desplazamiento aumentan en casi todos los sujetos con excepción del sujeto 5, cuyos valores permanecen casi estables tanto en las evaluaciones iniciales como las finales. La diferencia en el desplazamiento entre la prueba inicial y final en promedio de los participantes fue de 6.26 grados. Conclusiones: los resultados positivos del entrenamiento del tronco apoyado en realidad virtual para los participantes constituyen un aporte al conocimiento sobre el tema y abren la posibilidad de incluir esta tecnología en protocolos de entrenamiento en deporte paralímpico.

Introduction: Paralympic sport originated as part of rehabilitation processes for people with disabilities. During the execution of Paralympic disciplines, motor con-trol in the trunk region and especially in the abdomen is of great importance to prevent injuries and improve the registration of the sports record. There are many tools used by sports coaches to improve muscle strength and therefore trunk stability to reduce the risk in the sports field. However, research on the use of virtual reality along with stabilometry platforms for the training of Paralympic athletes with phys-ical injuries are scarce.Objective: To establish the effect of a trunk training program supported by virtual reality in high performance Paralympic athletes, shot put and javelin throwers with physical injuries who compete in throwing frames. Materials and method: The research was designed as an intrasubject quasi-ex-perimental study. Five high-performance Paralympic athletes with physical disabili-ties were evaluated. A virtual reality software that includes patterns and playful games adjustable in time and intensity and a dynamic standing platform were used as part of the intervention equipment, adjustable to the patient, which allows reeducating balance, proprioception, strengthening, and achieving trunk control. The variables of analysis were the level of anteroposterior and lateral displacement of the trunk and changes in the volume of action. An initial evaluation, an intervention that lasted six weeks, and a final evaluation were carried out. Results: In the initial evaluations of all athletes, a tendency towards posterior dis-placement was observed. In the final evaluation, the displacement ranges increase in almost all subjects except for subject 5, which showed values that remain almost sta-ble in both the initial and final evaluations. The difference in displacement between the initial and final test on average of the participants was 6.26 degrees. Conclusions: the positive results of trunk training supported by virtual reality for the participants constitute a contribution to the knowledge on the subject and open the possibility of including this technology in training protocols in Paralympic sports.

A Study To Analyse The Effects Of Fascial Manipulation On The Lateral Thigh Region In Mechanical Low Back Pain

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorders, affecting up to 90% of people at some point in their lifetime. Up to 50% will have more than one episode of back pain. Previous studies have highlighted the benefits of fascial manipulation for chronic low back pain over manual therapy alone. But early detection of densification of specific points in the lateral thigh region in low back pain subjects in an acute phase itself will be of benefit in resolving the back pain as the deep friction on these points aims at restoring the physiological gliding properties of the fascia and lead to immediate pain relief in the low back, increased range of motion and improved functions. Methods: Sixty individuals were enrolled for the study and were randomly allotted to two groups using a simple random method, were samples were randomly allocated by the primary investigator before baseline assessment. Control group subjects in Group A received conventional exercises, including core stability exercises. Experimental group subjects in Group B received Fascial manipulation to the lateral aspect of the thigh region in the lower limb. Both the groups received interferential therapy for 20 minutes as a part of conventional treatment for low back pain for 15 days. The subjects were assessed for their pain level, using NPRS score, and range of motion (ROM) was assessed to find any restriction in the lumbar region due to fascial densification. The functional activities of daily life were assessed using the ODI scale. The above scores were recorded before and after the interventions for both the groups. Results: The pre-test and post-test results were analyzed using a Paired and Unpaired t-test. The outcome measures of the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, Modified Schober's test, the Oswestry Disability Index were used for the study. A comparison of post-test values between Group A and Group B using unpaired t-test revealed a significant difference of p<0.001 in terms of pain relief, improved Range of motion, and functional ability of subjects in Group B than subjects in Group A. Conclusion: Fascial manipulation technique on lateral thigh region proved to be effective than conventional exercises as it showed a clinical and significant effect in decreasing pain and disability and improving the range of motion and functional activities of daily living in subjects with mechanical low back pain.

Effect Of Functional Stabilization Training On Pain And Muscle Activation Ratio Of Vastus Medialis Obliqus And Vastus Lateralis In Individuals With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Control Trial

Background: Patients with patellofemoral pain(PFP) demonstrate impaired lower-limb and trunk movement control along with hip and trunk muscle weakness. Functional stabilization training (FST) is a treatment focused on hip muscle strengthening and lower-limb and trunk movement control. The objective of the study is to examine the effectiveness of functional stabilization training on pain and electromyographic muscle activation ratio for VMO and VL in individuals with PFP. Methodology: Study has been conducted on 60 patients diagnosed with PFP. Written informed consent was obtained from the patients. All the patients were randomly allocated into two groups for 8 weeks of intervention. Outcome measurements were numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and electromyographic muscle activation ratio for VMO and VL. Results: The results showed that there is statistically high significant difference(p<0.05) showing improvement in means of NPRS and electromyographic muscle activation ratio for VMO and VL before and after intervention in both the groups but FST group shows more significant improvement in NPRS(p=0.000) and in VMO:VL(p=0.000) compared to CT group. Conclusion: FST group showed more benefits then CT group in individuals with PFP in relieving pain and improving balance in the activity of VMO and VL.

Advance in Respiratory Training for Prevention and Treatment of Nonspecific Low Back Pain (review) / 中国康复理论与实践

Respiratory training can prevent and treat nonspecific low back pain, mainly by activating the deep stabilizing muscles of trunk, establishing appropriate intra-abdominal pressure and optimizing the proprioceptive input of lumbar back, so as to maintain the stability and control of the spine. At present, the commonly used breathing training methods in clinic mainly include diaphragmatic breathing, inspiratory muscle training and abdominal breathing. However, the formulation of respiratory training prescriptions and the comparative study of therapeutic effects among different respiratory training methods still need to be further explored.

Performance of Posture Control for Professional Dancers / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the posture control of professional dancers. Methods:From April to August, 2017, 21 professional dancers from an international famous club were as experimental group. Matching the height and age, etc., 21 medical workers were recruited as control group. They were tested with Tetrax Balance Evaluation System, and assessed with Trunk Stability Test (TST) and the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Results:There was no significant difference on fail-time of TST and maximum distance of SEBT between right and left sides in both groups. The fail-time of TST was less in the experimental group than in the control group (t =-2.667, P < 0.05), as well as the maximum distance of SEBT (t = -3.991, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference on falling index between both groups (t = 1.810, P > 0.05). Conclusion:Compared with medical workers, professional dancers do better in static balance, but worse in dynamic balance. Their performance of posture control is almost the same as the others.

Effects of Whole-body Vibration Training with Different Frequency on Balance and Core Stability for Old Adults / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To investigate the effects of different frequency whole-body vibration training on dynamic and static balance ability and core stability for the old adults. Methods:From January to June, 2018, 80 old subjects were randomly divided into 30 Hz group (n = 40) and 45 Hz group (n = 40), who accepted 30 Hz and 45 Hz whole-body vibration training, respectively, for twelve weeks. They were measured with the maximum distance of center of pressure (COP) forward and backward, the time standing on single foot with eye closing, the length of track of COP as standing for 30 seconds, the standing and sitting times within 30 seconds and the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT) before and after training. Results:The maximum distance of COP forward and backward, the time standing on single foot with eye closing and the standing and sitting times within 30 seconds increased after training in both groups (t > 7.359,P < 0.001), and was more in the 45 Hz group than in the 30 Hz group (|t| > 2.271,P < 0.05). The length of track of COP as standing for 30 seconds and the time of TUGT decreased after training in both groups (t > 6.631,P < 0.001), and was less in the 45 Hz group than in the 30 Hz group (t > 2.171,P < 0.05). Conclusion:Both 30 Hz and 45 Hz whole-body vibration training can improve the dynamic and static balance ability, the core stability and mobility for old adults, to prevent them from falls. However, it seems more effective for the 45 Hz whole-body vibration training.

Cardio vascular response to core stability exercises in healthy individuals

Background: Low back pain is the most common problem which is present among 60 to 80 percent of population in the world at least once in their life time. It is considered as the most influencing aspect of health of an individual as well as their daily living status. Objective: To examine the cardiovascular responses (Heart Rate, Systolic Blood pressure and Rate Pressure Product) in the abdominal techniques that are (bracing and hollowing) used in core stability exercises. Core stability exercises have been used in the management of low back pain. The cardiovascular effects of exercises that involve postural stabilization, arms and exercises in a lying position are well known. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular effects of 6 core stability exercises on cardiac patients which were used commonly for the treatment of low back ache. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive study which was conducted on a single group of 40 healthy males and females volunteers between age group of 18-25 years. With the mean age group of 21.12+1.042. Subjects were undergraduate students of MNR Sanjeevani College of physiotherapy, Sangareddy and were taken on the basis of convenient sampling. Prior to the participation all subjects were explained briefly about the aims and objectives of the study, health benefits of the core stability exercises and about the procedure of measuring Heart rate (HR), Systolic Blood pressure (SBP) and Rate Pressure product (RPP). All subjects were screened and a detail medical history was taken to exclude any serious illness. Health screening tool questionnaire (AACVPR) was used to identify the serious illness in the subject. One day before to the exercise session subjects were taken to the Gayathri Balakavi, Sreenivasu Kotagiri, Anup Kumar Songa, S. Purna Chandra Shekhar. Cardio vascular response to core stability exercises in healthy individuals. IAIM, 2019; 6(10): 35-42. Page 36 experimental room for familiarization of the procedure. The selected core stability exercises were demonstrated and subjects were instructed not to eat an hour before and not to wear tight clothes, Exercise protocol was designed properly and perfectly for the subjects so that they will be able to perform the exercises easily and effectively and the subjects were asked to participate in the exercise sessions after taking all the necessary measures. Pre and post exercise measurements of Systolic Blood pressure (SBP), Heart rate (HR) and Rate pressure product (RPP) values were measured. Before starting the exercise session subjects were made to relax for 15- 20 minutes, then the initial parameters of cardiovascular performance Systolic Blood pressure (SBP) were measured using automatic BP apparatus Omron M 10. BP cuff was tied to the left arm and patient was in high sitting position with arm supported at heart. Heart rate (HR) and Rate pressure product (RPP) were also measured at the same time along with (SBP). Subjects were asked to do 5 repetitions of all the exercises without any rest period. Post exercise Heart rate (HR), Systolic Blood pressure (SBP), and Rate Pressure Product (RPP) were recorded immediately after they finish the exercise. Now they were made to take rest till resting heart rate (RHR) was achieved. So for the given exercise sessions Systolic Blood pressure (SBP), Heart rate (HR) and, Rate Pressure Product (RPP) were measured for pre and post exercises. Results: There was marked increase in the cardiovascular parameters (heart rate, Systolic Blood pressure, and Rate Pressure Product). After exercise was performed, all the exercises were hemodynamically demanding. The study was done on single group of 40 healthy subjects with the mean age of 21.12 ± 1.04 in which 20 were males and 20 were female subjects. The baseline systolic blood pressure was 110.30 ±11.00 and baseline rate pressure product was 8797.15 ± 1419. The study was done with the aim to measure the acute cardiovascular responses to the core stability exercises. Repeated measures of ANOVA were used as the statistical tool. Conclusion: Core stability exercises can have cardiovascular effects in people with no cardiovascular or cardiopulmonary conditions. These cardiovascular effects may be important with respect to cardiac work, in Cardiac patients for whom these exercises are indicated. So, There was a significant increase in the cardiovascular parameters (Heart Rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Rate Pressure Product) after the entire exercise session was performed by the subjects of the study.

Effect of Sling Exercise Therapy on Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To observe the effect of sling exercise therapy on chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods:From February, 2017 to February, 2018, 84 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 42 cases in each group. The observation group was treated with the combination of the sling exercise therapy and acupuncture, and the control group only received acupuncture. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) before treatment, one month after treatment and at three-month follow-up. Results:Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores of VAS and ODI between two groups (t < 1.638, P > 0.05). One month after treatment and at three-month follow-up, the scores of VAS and ODI decreased in both groups (P < 0.01). Compared with one month after treatment, the scores of VAS and ODI increased in the control group at three-month follow-up (t > 2.219, P < 0.05), however, no difference was found in the observation group (t < 1.738, P > 0.05). One month after treatment, the scores of VAS and ODI were lower in the observation group than in the control group (t > 3.535, P < 0.001). Conclusion:Sling exercise therapy combined with acupuncture is superior to simple acupuncture in treating chronic nonspecific low back pain, and the curative effect is persistent.

Effects of Kinesio Taping on Pregnancy-related Low Back Pain / 中国康复理论与实践

@#Objective To observe the effect of Kinesio Taping with lattice shapes on pregnancy-related low back pain (PLBP). Methods From March, 2017 to April, 2018, 56 patients with PLBP were randomly divided into the control group (n = 28) and experimental group (n = 28). Both groups received the core stability training, while the experimental group accepted Kinesio Taping with lattice shapes additionally. They were assessed with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Roland-Morris Dysfunction Questionnaire (RMDQ), range of lumbar activity and torso angle before, three days and two weeks after treatment. Results The range of lumbar activity improved significantly in both groups (t > 6.327, P < 0.01) three days after treatment, while the scores of VAS and RMDQ, and the torso angle improved significantly in the experimental group (t > 4.862, P < 0.001). The scores of VAS and RMDQ, the range of lumbar activity, and the torso angle improved significantly in both groups two weeks after treatment (P < 0.001), and improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Kinesio Taping with lattice shapes combined with core stability training can further reduce the lower back pain and improve the function for the PLBP patients.

Effects of Strengthened Core Stability Training with Band on Motor Function and Balance in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To investigate the application of band to strengthen core stability training for cerebral palsy. Methods From May, 2015 to December, 2016, 70 children with spastic cerebral palsy in outpatient department were di-vided into control group (n=35) and observation group (n=35). Both groups accepted routine rehabilitation train-ing, and the control group accepted core stability training, while the observation group was trained with a band during core stability training, for twelve weeks. They were assessed with Gross Motor Function Measure- 88 (GMFM-88), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Manual Muscle Test (MMT) before and after treatment. Results The scores of GMFM- 88, BBS and MMT of external oblique improved in both groups after treatment (t>12.904, P<0.001), and improved more in the observation group than in the control group (t>2.121, P<0.05). Conclusion Strengthening core stability training with a band can further improve gross motor function, balance and mus-cle strength in the spastic cerebral palsy children.

Long-term core stability training promotes recovery from lumbar disc herniation as evaluated by surface electromyography / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective To observe the effect of core stability training on lumbar disc herniation using changes in surface-electromyography signals from the core muscles.Methods Sixty patients with lumbar disc herniation were equally divided into an experimental group who were given the core stability training in addition to their regular physical therapy and a control group given the regular physical therapy only.The total course of treatment was 8 weeks.Each patient was assessed before the experiment and after 4 and 8 weeks of the intervention using the numeric rating scales of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association,the Oswestry disability index and integrated electromyogram (iEMG),root mean square (RMS) and medium frequency (MF) of the electromyographic signals from the rectus abdominis,obliqus externus abdominis,erector spinae,lumbar multifidus and gluteus medius muscles.Results No significant differences between the two groups were observed in any of the measurements before or after four weeks of the treatment.After 4 and 8 weeks of treatment,both groups had significant improvements in all of the measurements compared with before the experiment.Between 4 and 8 weeks the experimental group showed significant improvement in all of the measurements which was not matched in the control group.By the end of the treatment,all of the measurements of the experimental group were,on average,significantly better than those of the control group.Conclusions Both core stability training and regular physical therapy have similar effects on patients with lumbar disc herniation in the short term.However,continued core stability training improves the ability of core muscles and relieves pain and dysfunction better than prolonged regular physical therapy.