Gastrodin Inhibits Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease via Mediating SREBP1c Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of gastrodin on the steroid regulatory element-binding protein 1c （SREBP1c） signaling pathway in high-fat high-cholesterol diet （HFHC）-induced mice and explore the mechanism of gastrodin in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD）. MethodEight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were used in vivo and divided into the following four groups， with six mice in each group： normal group， gastrodin group （50 mg·kg-1）， model group， and model + gastrodin group （50 mg·kg-1）. NAFLD model was established by feeding mice with HFHC for four weeks， and the mice were euthanized and the liver tissues were collected after four weeks. In vitro experiments were performed using Huh7 cells which were divided into five groups， and induced with free fatty acids （FFA， 200 μmol·L-1， oleic acid-palmitic acid 2∶1） to establish an NAFLD cell model. After 24 h， different concentrations of gastrodin （0， 5， 10， 20， and 40 μmol·L-1） were added to each group and cultured for another 24 h. Oil red O staining was used to detect lipid accumulation in mouse liver and Huh7 cells. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was used to observe pathological changes in liver tissue. Levels of serum total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， and triglycerides （TG） were measured using an automatic biochemical analyzer. Relevant assay kits were used to detect liver TC， TG， and FFA levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and Western blot were used to detect the expression of lipid synthesis-related proteins fatty acid synthase （FASN）， acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 （ACC1）， and stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 （SCD1）. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed significantly increased serum TC， LDL-C， and TG levels （P<0.01）， liver TC， TG， and FFA levels （P<0.01）， increased lipid accumulation in Huh7 cells （P<0.01）， and significantly increased expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes SREBP1c， FASN， ACC1， and SCD1 in mice and Huh7 cells （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， after gastrodin treatment， the serum TC， LDL-C， and TG levels in mice significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the severity of fatty liver disease improved significantly， liver TC， TG， and FFA levels decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， lipid accumulation in Huh7 cells decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）， the expression levels of lipid synthesis-related genes SREBP1c， FASN， ACC1， and SCD1 in mice and Huh7 cells decreased significantly （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionGastrodin can reduce hepatic lipid accumulation and blood lipid levels， improve HFHC-induced NAFLD， and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of the SREBP1c lipid synthesis-related signaling pathway.

Inhibition of Alcoholic Liver Injury by Paeonol Through Eubacterium-mediated TGR5/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate whether paeonol exerts a protective effect on mice with alcoholic liver injury by regulating the takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 （TGR5）/protein kinase A （PKA）/cAMP response binding element （CREB） signaling pathway mediated by Eubacterium. MethodC57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups： normal group， model group， paeonol group （480 mg·kg-1）， antibiotic group （Abs group）， and antibiotic + paeonol group. Lieber-DeCarli liquid was used to feed C57BL/6 mice on the second day of modeling for 10 days. The blood lipids， liver function， inflammatory factors， and oxidative stress levels in mice were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin staining （HE） and oil red O staining were used to observe the morphological changes and fat accumulation in liver tissue. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to detect the diversity of intestinal microbiota in the blank， model， and paeanol groups. Western blot was used to detect the effect of paeonol on the expression levels of protein related to the signaling pathway of atresia band protein 1 （ZO-1）， Claudin-1， and TGR5/PKA/CREB in mouse ileal tissue. ResultCompared with those in the blank group， the blood lipids， liver function， oxidative stress levels， and the expression of inflammatory factors in the model group increased （P<0.01）， and the liver fat vacuoles were obvious. The ileal mucosa was seriously damaged， and the protein contents of ZO-1， Claudin-1， and TGR5/PKA/CREB in the ileal tissue decreased significantly （P<0.01）. The intestinal microbiota changed， and the proteobacteria phylum increased significantly. The ratio of Bacteroidetes to Firmicutes decreased. The relative abundance of Dubosiella newyorkensis， Lactobacillus， Bifidobacterium， and other genera decreased， while the relative abundance of Escherichia-Shigella， Morganella， Providencia， and Proteus increased significantly. Compared with the model group， paeonol significantly reduced the blood lipids， liver function， oxidative stress levels， and expression of inflammatory factors in mice with alcohol diet-induced liver injury （P<0.05）， decreased liver fat vacuoles， improved and restored the ileal intestinal barrier， and restored the normal structure of hepatocytes and ileal cells. The intestinal microbiota disorder caused by alcohol was improved， and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Eubacterium spp. was increased. The protein expression levels of ZO-1， Claudin-1， and TGR5/PKA/CREB in ileal tissue were increased （P<0.05）. ConclusionPaeonol has a protective effect on alcoholic liver injury in mice， and the mechanism of action is achieved by regulating the Eubacterium-mediated TGR5/PKA/CREB signaling pathway to ensure anti-inflammatory effect and improve the intestinal barrier.

The "four-dimensional theory" of metal element stress response / 重庆医学

Metal elements are the most common and widely distributed chemical elements in nature,which are closely related to human health,and their excess or lack will have a profound impact on the physio-logical and pathological processes of the body.This paper defines the concept of"metal element stress re-sponse",that is,the stress response that can occur in various cells,tissues and organs throughout the body when the content of metal elements in the body exceeds or falls below a certain level.According to the degree of stress,it can be divided into four dimensions:physiological stress,burden stress,pathological stress and disease stress.This paper comprehensively describes the degree,mode and biological effect of the interaction between metal elements and organism,and"four-dimensional theory"of metal element stress response is pro-posed,aiming to provide new ideas and new methods for seeking the potential intervention strategies of metal element stress response in the future

Study on the Analgesic Effect and Mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy Rats / 广州中医药大学学报

Objective To investigate the analgesic effect and mechanism of Buyang Huanwu Decoction on diabetic peripheral neuropathy(DPN)rats.Methods Sixty rats were divided into normal group,model group,low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Chinese medicine,and high-dose + H-89[protein kinase A(PKA)inhibitor]group,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the normal group,rats in all other groups were fed with high-fat and high-sugar chow combined with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin(STZ)method to construct DPN model.At the end of drug administration,the foot thermal pain threshold of rats was detected,the motor nerve conduction velocity(MNCV)and sensory nerve conduction velocity(SNCV)of rats was measured,the intraepidermal nerve fiber(IENF)in the epidermis was observed by immunohistochemistry,and serum fasting insulin(FINS),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),and the interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),angiopoietin 1(Ang-1),CD34 levels,cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)concentration in the sciatic nerve tissues were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and Western Blot assay to detect the PKA and the carbohydrate responsive element binding(CREB)in the sciatic nerve tissues.Results Compared with the normal group,foot thermal pain threshold,TC,TG,LDL-C,HOMA-IR,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly increased in the model group(P＜0.05),HDL-C,FINS,VEGF,Ang-1,CD34,IENF,MNCV and SNCV values,cAMP concentration levels,PKA and CREB phosphorylation levels were significantly reduced(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the above indexes were significantly improved in the low-,medium-and high-dose groups of Chinese medicine(P＜0.05)in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with the Chinese medicine high-dose + H-89 group,all the indexes were reversed in the Chinese medicine high-dose group.Conclusion Buyang Huanwu Decoction can improve insulin resistance and lipid metabolism,reduce limb pain,improve local microcirculation disorder,and protect nerve function in DPN rats,which reflects the therapeutic characteristics of"activating blood circulation and relieving pain".The pain-relieving effect of Buyang Huanwu Decoction may be related to the improvement of local microcirculation,inhibition of inflammatory factor release and regulation of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway protein expression.

Design and simulation of a UAV with portable folding wings for search and rescue / 军事医学

Objective To design a search and rescue UAV that is portable and user-friendly in order to meet the needs of rescue personnel on the battlefield.Methods Three-dimensional design software CATIA was used to complete the structural design of the UAV body.In order to make full use of the internal space of the UAV body,folding wings were adopted to reduce the volume of the UAV.By using ABAQUS,the finite elements of the key parts of the UAV were analyzed before the modal analysis of the whole vehicle was conducted to verify the reliability of the structure.The robot simulation software Webots was used for motion simulation of the UAV.Results Simulation analysis and test verification suggested that the structural design of the UAV was well-grounded.It could be quickly and properly deployed by means of hand launch or barrels,which made it easier for rescuers to use the UAV.Conclusion The design and simulation research of UAVs with portable folding wings for search and rescue is of great significance for the research and development of physical prototypes.This study is expected to stimulate new ideas for the development of rescue equipment in the PLA,and contribute to miniaturization of UAVs.

Research progress of finite element method in the biomechanics of the orbit / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

The finite element method(FEM)is a widely employed mathematical technique in mechanical research that divides an object into discrete and interacting finite elements. Medically, finite element analysis(FEA)enables the simulation of biomechanical experiments that are challenging to conduct. Orbital surgery poses significant challenges to ophthalmologists due to its inherent difficulty and steep learning curve. FEM enables the simulation and analysis of the mechanical properties of orbital tissue, offering a novel approach for diagnosing and treating orbital-related diseases. With technological advancements, FEM has significantly matured in the diagnosis and treatment of orbital diseases, becoming a popular area of research in orbital biomechanics. This paper reviewed the latest advancements in orbital FEM, encompassing the development of orbital FEA models, simulation of orbital structure, and its application in orbital-related diseases. Additionally, the limitations of FEM and future research directions are also discussed. As a digital tool for auxiliary diagnosis and treatment, orbital FEA will progressively unlock its potential for diagnosing and treating orbital diseases alongside technological advancements.

Effect of miniscrew placement height on the distribution of biological forces produced by clear aligner for mandibular molar distalization / 口腔疾病防治

Objective@#To explore the effect of different miniscrew placement heights on the distribution of biological forces produced by clear aligner combined with intramaxillary traction for mandibular molar distalization, to identify the miniscrew location that is conducive to the protection of lower anterior tooth anchorage and to provide a reference that can be used when designing clinical treatments.@*Methods@#Mimics, GeomagicStudio 2017, SolidWorks 2016, and Ansys workbench were used to establish finite element analysis models and perform mechanical analysis under the following six working conditions: working condition 1 was the control group without miniscrews; working conditions 2 to 5 had miniscrew in the buccal bone cortex between the first and second molars of the lower jaw 10 mm, 7 mm, 4 mm, and 1 mm from the top of the alveolar crest, respectively; working condition 6 had the miniscrew in the center of the buccal tongue at the anterior edge of the ascending branch of the lower jaw 5 mm above the occlusal plane.@*Results@#On the sagittal axis, miniscrew anchorage caused distal displacement of all teeth. Compared to the control group, in the miniscrew group, the displacement of the anterior molars exceeded that of the second molars. On the vertical axis, the result in the control group was similar to backward bending; the results in the miniscrew groups resembled the effect of a lever, lowering the lateral incisors and canines and raising the central incisors and first premolars. On the coronal axis, the second premolars and the first molars showed lingual displacement in the control group, and only the premolars and first molars showed lingual displacementin the miniscrew groups. The canines were the teeth that were most strongly affected by the change in miniscrew placement height.@*Conclusion@#The higher the miniscrew position is, the stronger the protective effect on the anterior anchorage. According to the miniscrew placement height, the mandibular arch should be properly narrowed, the central incisors and first premolars should be lowered, and the lateral incisors and canines should be raised when designing clinical treatments.

Wenxiao Powder Alleviates Depression by Promoting Neurogenesis via BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB Signaling Pathway / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo decipher the mechanism of Wenxiao powder in alleviating corticosterone-induced depression-like behaviors in mice. MethodMale ICR mice were randomized into normal， model， paroxetine （20 mg·kg-1）， and low- and high-dose （3.27， 6.54 g·kg-1， respectively） Wenxiao powder groups. The mice in normal and model groups received equal volume of saline. Other groups except the normal group were injected with corticosterone subcutaneously 0.5 h after gavage to induce depression. Mice were tested for depression-like behaviors after drug administration. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was performed to measure the corticosterone content in the serum. Nissl staining was performed to observe the damage of hippocampal neurons. Immunofluorescence staining was employed to observe the expression of double cortin （DCX） in the dentate gyrus （DG） of the hippocampus. Western blot was employed to determine the expression of proteins in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor （BDNF）/tyrosine kinase receptor B （TrkB）/extracellular signal-regulated kinase （ERK）/cAMP-response element-binding protein （CREB） pathway in the hippocampus. ResultCompared with the normal group， the model group showed decreased sucrose preference rate， increased immobility time in the tail suspension test （P<0.01）， and reduced residence time in the central area of the open field and the total movement distance （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the modeling elevated the corticosterone level in the serum （P<0.01）， decreased the volume and intensified the nuclear staining of hippocampal neurons in the DG area， reduced the expression of DCX in the DG area， and down-regulated the protein levels of BDNF， phosphorylated （p）-TrkB， p-ERK， and p-CREB in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， low-dose Wenxiao powder improved the mouse behavivors in the sucrose preference， open field， and tail suspension tests （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and high-dose Wenxiao powder improved the behaviors in the sucrose preference and open field tests （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， Wenxiao powder lowered the serum corticosterone level （P<0.01） and recovered the structure and morphology of neurons with obvious nuclei and presence of Nissl bodies in the DG area of the hippocampus. Moreover， Wenxiao powder at both doses promoted the expression of DCX in the DG area， and high-dose Wenxiao powder up-regulated the protein levels of BDNF， p-TrkB， p-ERK， and p-CREB in the hippocampus （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionWenxiao powder can alleviate corticosterone-induced depression-like behaviors and promote neurogenesis in mice possibly by activating the BDNF/TrkB/ERK/CREB signaling pathway.

Cultivation of "Emotion" Element in Red Doctors Spirit in Medical Students’ Humanistic Quality / 中国医学伦理学

The red doctors spirit is a special cultural form formed by the Chinese Communist Party in the long-term revolutionary struggle practice, and it has important practical significance and value of the times in the new era. Medicine is a subject integrating natural science and humanities. The element of "emotion" is the embodiment of traditional Chinese medical culture. It plays a role in cultivating doctors’ spirit and solving practical problems in current medical activities. By digging the four aspects of the "emotion" element in red doctors spirit of political loyalty to the party, the moral sentiment of saving the dying and healing the wounded, the rational decision-making under the transformation of medical situation, the response and processing ability of bad public opinion, and integrating it into the humanistic education of medical students. This paper explored the effective ways and promotion models of the element of "emotion" education in the growth of medical talents, so as to promote the cultivation of medical talents’ moral cultivation and ethical decision-making ability, enhance the professionalism and humanistic cultivation of medical students, and cultivate a group of medical talents with political firmness and reasonable consideration for the country.

Finite element analysis of cervical intervertebral discs after removing different ranges of uncinate processes / 解剖学报

Objective To study the stress change characteristics of the cervical disc after removing different ranges of the uncinate process by establishing a three⁃dimensional finite element model of the C

Finite element analysis of the stability of Mason type Ⅲ radial head fracture fixed with three cross-bridge headless compression screw and locking plate / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the biomechanical stability of three cross-bridge headless compression screws and locking plates in the fixation of Mason type Ⅲ radial head fractures by finite element method.@*METHODS@#Using reverse modeling technology, the radial CT data and internal fixation data of a healthy 25-year-old male were imported into the relevant software. Three-dimensional finite element model of 3 cross-bridge headless compression screws and locking plates for MasonⅢ radial head fractures were established, and the radial head was loaded with 100 N axial loading. The maximum displacement, maximum Von Mises stress and stress distribution of the two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The maximum displacements of the three cross-bridge screws group and locking plate group were 0.069 mm and 0.087 mm respectively, and the Von Mises stress peaks were 18.59 MPa and 31.85 MPa respectively. The stress distribution of the three screws group was more uniform.@*CONCLUSION@#Both internal fixation methods can provide good fixation effect. CoMPared with the locking plate fixation method, the 3 cross-bridge headless compression screws fixation is more stable and the stress distribution is more uniform.

Finite element analysis of revision prostheses for tibial bone defects with different lengths of tibial stems / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To evaluate the mechanical performance of customized metal prosthesis with tibia stems of varying lengths for tibial bone defects reconstruction.Methods:Morphologically matched postoperative finite element models of bone defect revision were developed, with three gradients (15 mm, 30 mm, and 45 mm) according to the degree of bone defect and were reconstructed with 3D printed tantalum metal prosthesis using three tibial stem lengths (80 mm, 120 mm, and 150 mm), respectively. Conventional static and dynamic (walking gait) loading was performed to analyze the peak tibial stress distribution and accumulated sliding distance at the prosthetic interface, and to assess the effects of the three tibial stems of different lengths on the stability of the customized tibial defect restorations and the internal tibial stress state.Results:The peak accumulated sliding distance of the dynamically loaded morphologically matched restorations ranged from 17.94 to 21.31 mm with static loading, which were 68% to 84.3% higher than those of 10.26 to 11.69 mm with static loading. The peak tibial stresses in the dynamically loaded model were greater than those in the statically loaded model, with an increase of 28%-49.2%, including 132.94-143.88 MPa in the statically loaded model and 170.41-200.14 MPa in the dynamically loaded model. The overall accumulated sliding distance of the tibia prosthetic model gradually decreased from the tibial osteotomy surface, and the accumulated peak sliding distances ranged from 10.26 to 11.69 mm for static loading, and from 17.94 to 21.31 mm for dynamic loading. The bone tissue stresses in the anterolateral and medial-posterior tibia increased gradually from top to bottom, and the maximum stress value in each section was in the posterior medial tibia (the maximum value was 200.14 MPa). The highest bone tissue stress in the lateral tibia was affected by the tibial stem length, which resulted in a different location, and it was the area most affected by stress shielding (maximum value of 170.65 MPa).Conclusion:For stability assessment of morphologically matched tantalum customized prosthesis, physiological gait dynamic loading studies are more reliable than static loading; the choice of tibial stem length depends on a combination of accumulated peak sliding distances and tibial bone stress distribution factors.

Finite element analysis of absorbable screws in Bernese periacetabular osteotomy / 中华骨科杂志

Objective:To investigate the stability and feasibility of using absorbable screws during Bernese periacetabular osteotomy.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on a 36 year-old woman diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip, who had undergone Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. Finite element analysis was used to simulate the stability of the acetabulum under loads of 10%, 20%, 50%, and 100% of the patient's weight. The structural stiffness of the pelvis and the maximum equivalent stress on the absorbable screws were observed under different conditions, including whether the acetabular bone block and the ilium were in contact, whether 3 or 4 screws were used, and whether a graft (including fibular cortical bone and PEEK grafts) was used.Results:The structural stiffness of the pelvis fixed with four screws increased by 67%-94% compared to that with three screws. After using a graft, the structural stiffness of the pelvis increased by 50%-83%. As the load increased, the maximum equivalent stress on the screws also increased. When the acetabular bone block and the ilium had no contact, no graft was used, and only three screws were used for fixation, the maximum equivalent stress could reach 518.9 MPa, while this value dropped to 61% when four screws were used (318.7 MPa). When the acetabular bone block and the ilium were in contact, the maximum equivalent stress was about 12% of that when there was no contact, regardless of the number of screws used. When a cortical bone graft or a PEEK graft was used, the maximum equivalent stress could drop to 21%-26% of that without a graft. When the screw strength was 130 MPa, a load of 20% of body weight was applied, and only three screws were used without a graft, the equivalent stress could exceed the strength of the screw; if four screws were used, the equivalent stress was slightly higher than the strength of the screw when a load of 50% of body weight was applied. However, when a graft was used (either cortical bone or PEEK), even when a load of 100% of body weight was applied, the equivalent stress was slightly lower than the strength of the screw.Conclusion:Absorbable screws can provide sufficient stability for Bernese periacetabular osteotomy. The contact between the acetabular bone block and the ilium, an increase in the number of screws, and the use of grafts (cortical bone and PEEK grafts) can further improve stability. Therefore, absorbable screws have broad application prospects in Bernese periacetabular osteotomy.

Effect of esketamine on learning and memory function after chronic stress and hippocampal NMDAR-CaMK Ⅱ-CREB signaling pathway in developing rats / 中华麻醉学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the effect of esketamine on learning and memory function after chronic stress and the signaling pathway of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type 2 (CaMKⅡ)-cAMP-responsive element-binding protein (CREB) in the hippocampus of developing rats.Methods:Sixty clean-grade healthy Sprague-Dawley rats of either sex, aged 7 days, weighing 10-15 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=20 each) using a random number table method: control+ normal saline group (CN group), chronic stress+ normal saline group (NS group), and chronic stress+ esketamine group (ES group). A chronic stress model was established using a chronic unpredictable stress method. After the end of stress stimulation, esketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected once a day for 7 consecutive days in ES group, and the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in NS group. Y maze test and Morris water maze test were used to assess the learning and memory function after intraperitoneal administration. Venous blood samples were obtained to measure the serum cortisol and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The animals were then sacrificed under anesthesia, the brain was removed and the hippocampal tissue was isolated for examination of the pathological changes in the hippocampal CA1 region and for determination of the ratios of phosphorylated NMDAR (p-NMDAR)/NMDAR, phosphorylated CaMKII (p-CaMKⅡ)/CaMKⅡ, and phosphorylated CREB (p-CREB)/CREB (by Western blot). Results:Compared with CN group, the time spent in the novel arm was significantly shortened, the number of entries into the novel arm was reduced, the escape latency was prolonged, the number of crossing the original platform was reduced, the serum cortisol and ROS concentrations were increased, the p-NMDAR/NMDAR ratio, p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ ratio and p-CREB/CREB ratio were decreased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of neurons were marked in NS group. Compared with NS group, the time spent in the novel arm was significantly prolonged, the number of entries into the novel arm was increased, the escape latency was shortened, the number of crossing the original platform was increased, the serum cortisol and ROS concentrations were decreased, the p-NMDAR/NMDAR ratio, p-CaMKⅡ/CaMKⅡ ratio and p-CREB/CREB ratio were increased ( P<0.05), and the pathological changes of neurons were significantly attenuated in ES group. Conclusions:Esketamine can improve the learning and memory function after chronic stress in developing rats, and the mechanism may be related to reduction of oxidative stress and enhancement of the activity of hippocampal NMDAR-CaMKII-CREB signaling pathway.

Association of Serum Levels of Trace Elements in Early Pregnancy with Bile Acid Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus:A Nested Case-Control Study / 华中科技大学学报(医学版)

Objective To explore the association between serum trace element levels in early pregnancy and gestational dia-betes mellitus(GDM),and the mediating effect of bile acid metabolism changes in this association.Methods A nested case-con-trol study was designed based on the Guangxi Zhuang Birth Cohort.A total of 248 pregnant women(case group=124,control group=124)were included from June 2015 to July 2019 in Nanning city.The concentrations of 8 trace elements and 31 bile acids in serum were measured in early pregnancy.Conditional logistic regression and BKMR models were used to analyze the associa-tion and combined effect between trace elements and GDM risk,respectively.Orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant anal-ysis(OPLS-DA)was used to screen potential bile acid biomarkers associated with GDM,and then conditional logistic regression was used to determine the association between specific bile acid levels and GDM risk.Multiple linear regression was used to e-valuate the association of serum trace element concentrations with differential bile acid metabolites.Mediation analysis was used to evaluate the mediating role of bile acids in the relationship between trace element exposure and GDM.Results After adjus-ting for confounding factors,serum vanadium(V)was found to be positively associated with the risk of GDM,while chromium(Cr),manganese(Mn),zinc(Zn),selenium(Se)and molybdenum(Mo)were negatively correlated with the risk of GDM(all P＜0.05).The OPLS-DA model and conditional Logistic regression analysis showed that taurocholic acid(TCA),glycochenodeoxy-cholic acid 3-sulfate(GCDCA-3S),glycochenodeoxycholic acid-3-O-β-glucuronide(GCDCA-3Gln),glycoursodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate(GUDCA-3S),taurodeoxycholic acid-3-sulfate(TDCA-3S),and chenodeoxycholic acid(CDCA)might be potential bile acid metabolic markers of GDM(all P＜0.05).The concentrations of multiple trace elements were also significantly correlated with the levels of specific bile acids(all P＜0.05).Mediation analysis showed that GCDCA-3Gln and TCA mediated the associa-tion between serum Zn and Se and GDM risk,respectively(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Serum trace elements such as V and Cr are significantly associated with the risk of GDM in early pregnancy,and changes in bile acid metabolism may precede the occur-rence of GDM.It is suggested that the effect of trace elements on the metabolism of bile acids,especially conjugated bile acids,may be one of the mechanisms affecting the risk of GDM.

Sal idroside Modulates cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Ci splatin-induced Damages of Cochlear Hair Cells and Spiral Ganglion Neurons in Mice / 听力学及言语疾病杂志

Objective To investigate the ameliorating effect of salidroside(SAL)on cisplatin(CIS)-induced damages of cochlear hair cells(CHC)and spiral ganglion neurons(SGNs)and its relationship with cyclic adenosine monophosphate(cAMP)/protein kinase A(PKA)/cAMP response element binding protein(CREB)pathway.Methods The cochlear basilar membranes of newborn C 57BL/6 mice were isolated and separated into control(C)group,CIS group,SAL group,SAL+SQ22536(cAMP inhibitor)group and SAL+H-89(PKA inhibitor)group,20 per group.Immunofluorescence staining was applied to observe the damages of CHC and SGNs.The kits were applied to detect the contents of ROS and cAMP in the basement membrane of the cochlea.Western blot was applied to detect the protein levels of PKA,p-CREB,CREB,Bcl-2,BDNF,and NF-M.Results CHC in CIS group were disorderly arranged and enlarged in size,SGNs had fragmented nuclei and lost neurites.SAL alleviated the damages of CHC and SGNs.Compared with the C group,the numbers of CHC and SGNs in the CIS group were less(P＜0.05),the contents of ROS and cAMP,and the levels of PKA,BDNF,NF-M,Bcl-2 proteins and p-CREB/CREB were higher(P＜0.05).Compared with the CIS group,the numbers of CHC and SGNs in the SAL group were higher(P＜0.05),the content of ROS was lower(P＜0.05),the content of cAMP,and the levels of PKA,BD-NF,NF-M,Bcl-2 proteins and p-CREB/CREB were higher(P＜0.05).Both SQ22536 and H-89 reversed the pro-tective effects of SAL on CHC and SGNs.Conclusion SAL may promote the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and neuroprotective factors by activating the cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway to alleviate the damages of CHC and SGNs caused by CIS.

Effect of different stretching lengths of lingual movable wing on the adduction of mandibular anterior teeth:a biomechanical study / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Lingual movable wing is a new type of lingual orthodontic technique and the different stretching lengths of the wring affect the torque control effect of anterior teeth.However,there is yet no related biomechanical research. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the displacement trend of dentition during adduction of mandibular anterior teeth and the effect of different wing stretching lengths on the biomechanical effect of mandibular anterior teeth. METHODS:The data of the mandible and lower dentition were collected by cone-beam CT and reconstructed using Mimics software to establish a three-dimensional finite element model of mandibular anterior teeth adducted by the lingual movable wing.The ANSYS software was used to analyze the initial displacement of the mandibular anterior teeth under the following conditions:A,2 mm stretching length;B,2.5 mm stretching length;C,3 mm stretching length;and D,3.5 mm stretching length. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The trend of initial displacement of lower dentition:The central incisors moved lingually with depression,the lateral incisors and canines moved mildly lingually with mesial lingual torsion,the second premolar was tilted distally with a marked lingual inclination and the first molar showed an overall mesial inclination with mesial crown eversion.Therefore,in the adduction cases of mandibular tooth extraction,attention should be paid to the lingual movement of the second premolar,which could be offset by corresponding techniques in clinic.The trend of anterior tooth displacement in all directions:from condition A to condition D,in the sagittal direction,the difference value in crown-root displacement of central incisors changed from-11.891 μm to-5.757 4 μm,indicating that the central incisor changes from oblique movement to overall movement.The difference value in crown-root displacement of lateral incisors changed from-11.828 1 μm to-6.711 45 μm,and that of canines changed from-7.572 3 μm to-4.695 5 μm,indicating that the oblique movement of the lateral incisors and canines is also changing to an overall movement.In the vertical direction,from condition A to condition D,the reduction of incisors was gradually increased,while that of canines was gradually decreased.These findings indicate that the stretching length of the wing can affect the oblique movement trend of the anterior teeth.As the wing continues to stretch,the torque control of the lower anterior teeth will become better.

Finite element analysis of the effect of the distribution position and content of bone cement on the stress and displacement of reverse femoral intertrochanteric fracture / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:The proximal femoral nail antirotation is the preferred treatment for reverse osteoporotic intertrochanteric fractures.Bone cement enhancement can reduce the probability of proximal femoral nail antirotation cut-out and cut-through,but there are no relevant biomechanical studies demonstrating the effect of bone cement content and location on the stress and displacement of the fracture end. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the effects of different contents and locations of bone cement in cement-reinforced proximal femoral nail antirotation on stress,strain,and displacement of reverse osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly by finite element analysis. METHODS:A healthy adult female right femur model was extracted by Mimics software and smoothed in Geometric software.Five types of internal fixation methods of proximal femoral nail antirotation(cementless,cephalic spherical 1 mL,cephalic spherical 2 mL,cephalic spherical 3.4 mL,and cylindrical 5 mL around spiral blade)and femoral intertrochanteric fracture(AO subtype 31-A3.1 type)model were established in Solidworks software.After assembly,the total stress distribution,peak stress and displacement of the five models of implants with the femur were compared in Ansys software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The peak stresses of proximal femoral nail antirotation with head-end spherical 1 mL,head-end spherical 2 mL,head-end spherical 3.4 mL,and cylindrical 5 mL enhanced proximal femoral nail antirotation around the spiral blade respectively were 571.07 MPa(located at the junction of the spiral blade and the main nail),495.45 MPa(located at the junction of the spiral blade and the main nail),467.20 MPa(located at the junction of the main nail and the distal screw connection),642.70 MPa(located at the junction of the main nail and distal screw connection),and 458.58 MPa(located at the junction of the spiral blade and the main nail).(2)The maximum displacements of proximal femoral nail antirotation with head end sphere 1 mL,head end sphere 2 mL,head end sphere 3.4 mL,and with cylindrical 5 mL enhancement around the spiral blade were 9.260 5,7.589 1,7.316 8,6.790 7,and 6.615 7 mm,respectively,all of which were located at the proximal end of the femoral head.(3)These findings revealed that for reverse femoral intertrochanteric fractures treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation,the bone cement enhancement had significant mechanical stability compared with no enhancement,and the enhancement of the spiral blade 5 mL around the perimeter was the best,which is more preferable for aged unstable intertrochanteric fractures.

Finite element analysis of the influence of scaffold materials on the fixed restoration of edentulous maxillary implants under two designs / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In the treatment of edentulous maxillary implants supported fixed repair,the selection of upper scaffold structure materials and the design of different distal implant implantation methods have a close influence on the long-term stability of the whole mouth implant repair. OBJECTIVE:To comprehensively explore the influence of three different materials of upper scaffold and two implant fixation designs on the biomechanics of the fixed maxillary implant repair based on the three-dimensional finite element method. METHODS:Based on the conical beam CT data of a healthy adult with normal jaws,the Mimics software was used to separate the maxillary and maxillary dentin three-dimensional solid models,and the Geomagic Studio software was used to construct the three-dimensional finite element model of denture with denture implant and fixed maxillary arch combined with specific model parameters.According to the different designs of distal implants in the maxillary posterior region,two scheme models were established.Scheme 1(Design 1)was designed in accordance with the"All-on-4"design used in clinical practice.Two implants were vertically implanted in the bilateral incisor region of the maxilla,and the other two implants were implanted in the bilateral second premolar region at a 30° angle.In scheme 2(Design 2),two implants were vertically implanted in the lateral incisor region of the maxilla,and two short implants were vertically implanted in the posterior region of the maxilla in the bilateral second premolar region.Three materials(titanium,zirconia and polyether ether ketone)were used to assign values to the upper scaffold structure in the two designs,and six different models were obtained.The biomechanical effects of the implant,surrounding bone tissue and the upper scaffold structure were compared and analyzed in the oblique loading direction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The maximum stress peaks of all models were distributed in the neck region around the posterior implant and the cortical bone under the two edentulous implant fixed restoration schemes,regardless of the material of the upper scaffold.(2)Compared with the alternative design of Design 2,which adopted vertical implantation of short implants,Design 1 showed a more ideal stress distribution on the maxilla.(3)The scaffold model constructed by polyether ether ketone material transferred higher stress to the implant and surrounding bone tissue close to the loading zone of the upper jaw bone,followed by titanium and zirconia.As for the support itself,the peak stress of the upper scaffold of polyether ether ketone was significantly lower than that of the zirconia and titanium scaffolds.Zirconia scaffolds were used among the three upper scaffolds to disperse the stress distribution of implant and bone tissue.(4)The results suggest that both designs can be applied to clinical practice.However,from the perspective of biomechanics,the stress distribution of the implant,surrounding bone tissue and upper scaffold in Design 1 is more rational,which is more conducive to the long-term prognosis of fixed implant repair in patients with edentulous jaws.The upper scaffold material has a certain influence on the stress distribution of the implant-bone interface.

Biomechanical difference between resin ceramic crown and zirconia all-ceramic crown implant restorations in three occlusal relationships / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:In implant restoration in the aesthetic area,zirconium dioxide is gradually becoming the most commonly used upper restorative material and has achieved better clinical results.Resin-ceramic composite,a new type of dental restorative material,begins to try to be used as an upper restorative material in implant restoration,but there is less research on the application of this material in implant restoration. OBJECTIVE:To compare the biomechanical differences between resin ceramic crowns and zirconia all-ceramic crown implant restorations in three occlusal relationships for restoring maxillary central incisors. METHODS:The cone-beam CT image data of a patient with single-crown implant restoration of maxillary central incisor were selected,and the maxillary bone model was extracted by using Mimics 21.0 software,and the model was imported into Solidworks 2020 software.The crown,adhesive,abutment,central screw,and implant were modeled,and the model of single-crown implant restoration of maxillary central incisor was assembled.After giving the model material property parameters(resin-ceramic composite and zirconia for the upper restoration materials)in ANSYS Workbench 2021 R1 software,three occlusal relationships(edge-to-edge occlusion,normal overjet and deep overbite)were simulated and loaded to analyze the stress distribution of the resin-ceramic crown and zirconia all-ceramic crown implant restoration models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The stress concentration areas in the implant restoration models of the resin-ceramic crown group and the zirconia all-ceramic crown group in different occlusal relationships were distributed in the upper restoration loading point,the abutment-implant connection,the implant neck and the surrounding bone tissue.As the occlusal relationship changed from the edge-to-edge to normal and deep overbite,the peak equivalent forces of the restorative abutment,central screw,implant,and bone tissue in both the resin-ceramic and zirconia all-ceramic crown groups gradually decreased.The highest peak equivalent forces were observed for the upper restorations in deep overbite.The zirconia all-ceramic crown group had the highest peak equivalent force in the adhesive layer in the edge-to-edge relationship,and the resin-ceramic crown group had the highest peak equivalent force in the adhesive layer in the deep overbite.(2)In the edge-to-edge occlusion,the peak equivalent force of the adhesive layer and central screw in the resin-ceramic crown group was slightly smaller than that in the zirconia all-ceramic crown group,and there was no significant difference between the two groups in the peak equivalent force at the upper restoration,restoration abutment,implant,and bone tissue.The peak stresses in the upper restoration,adhesive layer,and central screw of the resin-ceramic crown group were slightly less than those of the zirconia all-ceramic crown group at normal fit,and there were no significant differences between the two groups in the peak equivalent forces at the restoration abutment,implant,and bone tissue.In deep overbite,the peak adhesive,abutment,and central screw stresses were greater in the resin-ceramic crown group than in the zirconia all-ceramic crown group,with no significant differences in the upper restorations,implants,or bone tissue.(3)The results showed that the upper restorative material had no significant effect on the stress distribution of the implant and bone tissue,and had some effects on the stress distribution of the upper restoration,adhesive,restoration abutment,and central screw,but the difference was not significant.The occlusal relationship has a significant influence on the stress distribution in all structures and bone tissue of the implant restoration.The resin-ceramic crowns have a buffering effect on the stresses in the case of edge-to-edge and normal occlusion.