ZHANG Guoliang's Experience in Treating Cough in Convalescent Period of COVID-19 / 浙江中医药大学学报

[Objective]To introduce the clinical experience of Director ZHANG Guoliang,a famous and highly-experienced traditional Chinese medicine practitioner,in treating cough in convalescent period of Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19)with exterior and interior differentiation therapy.[Methods]Based on the relevant discussions on epidemic diseases and coughs by doctors of all ages and the experience of more than 300 COVID-19 patients treated by Director ZHANG himself,the understanding of Director ZHANG on the etiology and pathogenesis of cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 was expounded,and his experience in treating cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 with exterior and interior differentiation therapy was summarized,and a typical case was interpreted.[Results]Director ZHANG believes that treatment of cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 should start from the disease location.The disease is located in the nose and pharynx,and the exterior treatment method is adopted,focusing on ventilating the lung and dissolving phlegm,dispelling wind and relieving cough.In clinical practice,a combination of Banxia Houpu Decoction and Zhisou Powder is commonly used,added or subtracted according to the symptoms.The disease is located in the trachea and lungs,and the interior treatment method is adopted,and the phlegm turbidity(phlegm heat)accumulation in lung syndrome focuses on clearing the lungs and dissolving phlegm,relieving cough and asthma,added or subtracted Maxing Shigan Decoction,Qianjin Weijing Decoction combined with Tingli Dazao Xiefei Decoction are often used.Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome should clear the lungs and dissolve phlegm,invigorate Qi and nourish Yin,generally use added or subtracted Zhuye Shigao Decoction combined with Shengmai Drink.The medical case attached belonged to the phlegm and pharyngeal syndrome,Director ZHANG first treated with ventilating the lung and resolving phlegm,dispelling wind and relieving cough,then strengthening the spleen and invigorating Qi,drying dampness and resolving phlegm,and finally achieved good results.[Conclusion]Director ZHANG's unique opinion and clinical experience in the treatment of cough in convalescent period of COVID-19 with exterior and interior differentiation therapy are worth learning and promoting.

Textual Research on Key Information of Classic Prescription Zhuye Shigaotang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Zhuye Shigaotang is one of the 100 classic prescriptions published by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. This study used the traceability method and bibliometrics method to analyze the main applicable syndromes， efficacy and meanings， modern disease spectrum， and other aspects of Zhuye Shigaotang， so as to further promote the research and development of this prescription. The results showed that Zhuye Shigaotang originated from the Treatise on Febrile Diseases， and its ingredients included Lophatheri Herba， Gypsum Fibrosum， Pinelliae Rhizoma， Ophiopogonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Oryza sativa. The main applicable syndromes of Zhuye Shigaotang recorded in ancient books included heatstroke， cough and asthma， sores， sweat syndrome， hiccup， insomnia， malaria， headache， blood syndrome， nasosinusitis， laryngitis， etc.， involving diseases of internal medicine， surgery， gynecology， and pediatrics. Its pathogenesis was "incomplete residual heat， both Qi and Yin injuries， and stomach-Qi disharmony". The research found that Zhuye Shigaotang could also be used to treat acne， measles， and cholera， and it was especially suitable for the treatment at the later stage of epidemic diseases. Lophatheri Herba and Gypsum Fibrosum in the prescription could clear away heat and relieve vexation. Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma，Ophiopogonis Radix， Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma， and Oryza sativa could promote body fluid production and invigorate Qi. Pinelliae Rhizoma could harmonize the stomach and stop vomiting. The prescription had stable compatibility and had the effects of clearing away heat， relieving vexation， invigorating Qi， promoting body fluid production， and harmonizing the stomach. Zhuye Shigaotang was widely applied in modern clinical practices， with high application frequency in the digestive system， pediatric-related diseases， respiratory system， infectious diseases， circulatory system， and neuropsychiatric system. The specific symptoms included recurrent aphtha， hiccup， infantile pneumonia， infantile summer fever， unexplained fever， upper respiratory tract infection， epidemic hemorrhagic fever， and late measles.

Analysis of the recording value and significance of ancient pulmonary system epidemic diseases / 中国医学伦理学

From the perspective of human development history， epidemic diseases have been accompanied by human life and reproduction， causing serious threats to human health and life safety. Epidemic diseases have a rapid onset and are highly infectious， once they occur， can quickly spread to the people around them， causing many people to be infected in a short time. Pulmonary system epidemic disease is the kind of disease with the highest incidence， prevalence， and infectivity among epidemic diseases， which will also have an impact on the economic and social development and even the historical process. Overview of ancient Chinese literature， the wisdom of ancient doctors has certain reference value for possible related work today or in the future. Starting from sorting out the classical theories recorded in the ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine， this paper dug deeply into them and re⁃understood them， with a view to providing a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment， and public health services.

Insights into Treatment of Modern Epidemic Diseases from Xiangsu Powder （香苏散） inTreatment of Cold Epidemics / 中医杂志

The prescription of Xiangsu Powder （香苏散） reflects the exquisite balance in treating both the superficial and deep layers， harmonizing the body's vital energy and blood， and addressing the functions of the triple energizer simultaneously. Its application in treating cold epidemics has been a long time， yet its importance in modern disease treatment is often overlooked. Based on the treatment principles demonstrated by Xiangsu Powder in treating cold epidemics， it is proposed that in the treatment of modern epidemic diseases， the dual principles of cold and heat should not be neglected. When cold pathogens stagnate at the surface， they should be dispersed and detoxified， using methods that induce sweating to expel them from the surface. When cold and dampness coexist， efforts should be made to regulate the flow of vital energy， blood， and body fluids to restore the proper functioning of the three burners. When cold-induced pathogenic factors are severe and toxic， aromatic herbs should be utilized to dispel turbidity and avoid contamination. Throughout the entire course of treating epidemic diseases， attention should be paid to inducing sweating without damaging the body's vital energy， while also protecting the body's righteous qi， with the aim of providing refe-rence for the treatment of modern epidemic diseases.

Discussion on the Generation Logic of the Concept A Community of Common Health for Mankind from the Perspective of the History of Struggle between Human Beings and Epidemics / 中国医学伦理学

For thousands of years, epidemics have always been with life. A history of human civilization is also a history of human and epidemic unremitting struggle. The historical battle between human beings and epidemic diseases contains the idea of a community of common health for mankind for mankind. The ancient Chinese people left the world with rich wisdom and experience in the fighting against epidemic. The public health campaigns of modern Europe countries also effectively resisted the invasion of the epidemic. Facing both changes unseen in a century and the COVID-19 pandemic, although the international health governance institutions represented by the WHO have done a lot of organization and coordination work in the prevention and control of the COVID-19, they still face many difficulties such as financial support, dispute resolution, and power erosion. The contemporary emergence of the concept of a community of common health for mankind for mankind is a vivid portrayal of the focus and implementation of the human destiny community idea in the field of public health. It inherits the profound Marxist theoretical foundation and distinct traditional Chinese ethical values, which is conducive to the profound transformation of global public health governance concept from "zero-sum game" to "common destiny", and has great and far-reaching significance for strengthening international cooperation in the field of health and improving the level of human health.

Thoughts on the construction and development of public health discipline from the perspective of Healthy China / 中华医学教育探索杂志

The implementation of the "Healthy China" policy is inseparable from public health. The improvement of the national health level, the control of health risk factors and the improvement of health service ability and other aspects need to rely on the talent training and discipline construction of public health and preventive medicine in medical colleges, which highlights that the public health discipline construction and development of our country has a certain lag and limitations: unprofessional public health academic team and disciplines; separation of teaching research and practice in public health; lack of public health expertise and insufficient personnel scale; health emergency and legal system that do not match economic development, etc. Therefore, in order to promote the construction of healthy China, we should promote the integration of public health disciplines, strengthen the teaching and practice of health emergency response, improve the health emergency response and dynamic monitoring system focusing on prevention so that we can make public health disciplines both scientific and contemporary.

Impact of Climatic Factors on Dengue Incidences in Eastern Province, Sri Lanka

Introduction:Health sector is one of the most important sectors of any country. Many aspects such as diseases, health practices, and institutions are associated with health. Among different infectious diseases, dengue has become a major health issue for human in most tropical and subtropical regions. It is a viral disease originatedand spread from mosquito and it is in several forms. Since, this seriously affects human life, taking necessary measures, including policies, rules, regulation and best practices to bring this menace into a minimum level, is essential. Such actions require proper background about the disease including factors that this disease depends on. Several factors may be associated with dengue fever and climatic variables take a greater place. Effect of these variables may vary from area to area. Aims:This study aimed to investigate the impact of climatic variables for progression of dengue disease in the Eastern Province of Sri Lanka, which is consisted of three districts: Batticaloa; Trincomaleeand Ampara. Study Design:Number of dengue incidences and climatic variables such as rainfall, temperature, number of rainy days, day time humidity, night-time humidity, number of sunny days, and UV Index were obtained for each month in the period from 2009to 2017 from Meteorology Department and statistical abstracts of Sri Lanka. Analysis was carried out by using the statistical techniques:correlation analysis;regression analysis;principle component analysis and a graphical technique, contour maps. Results:Only a few climatic factors affect dengue incidences in these three districts. However, no any regular pattern could be observed. Impact of each climatic factor varies from district to district. In Batticaloa district, a number of rainy days and day time humidity affect dengue incidences negatively and positively respectively meanwhile wind speed positively affects dengue incidences in Ampara district. No any climatic variables in Trincomalee district show a relationship with dengue incidences in the district. In general, moderate humidity creates a favourable situation for the spread of dengue disease irrespective of districts. Heavy rainfall does not show a relation with dengue incidences as people believe.Conclusion:It is difficult to investigate the impact of each climatic factor alone on dengue incidences because there are inter correlated. Number of dengue incidences may depend on many other variables such as population density, geographical location, health practices, personal health status, knowledge, policies of different institutes and organizations. It is essential to incorporate these sorts of variables also to have a proper understanding of the dengue disease and its spread.

Research on traditional Chinese medicine syndrome of coronavirus disease 2019 based on expert experience research / 第二军医大学学报

Since the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played an important role in the frontline of epidemic prevention and control. At present, the theory of COVID-19 in the domestic TCM community is in a state of booming. This article summarizes and analyzes the main viewpoints of the representative TCM experts on COVID-19, such as disease name, disease nature, pathogenesis, treatment principles and methods, and prescriptions. Most experts believe that COVID-19 belongs to the "wet poison epidemic". "Wet poison" is the pathological core of COVID-19, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis. However, some experts have proposed to explore the pathogenesis of COVID-19 from the perspectives of "excessive internal heat", "Qi failing to control body fluid", "warm heat" and so on. In addition, experts also have their own unique opinions on the disease location and the nature of COVID-19, which directly affect the treatment principles and methods and the choice of prescriptions. Based on the current research, we propose that it is necessary to understand the pathogenesis from the occurrence and development of the disease, to distinguish the different pathogenesis from the perspective of "three-cause measures", attach importance to blood stasis in prognosis of the disease, and achieve the unity of subjectivity and objectivity, personalization and standardization in TCM differentiation and treatment.

Analysis on the theory and clinical ideas of acupuncture and moxibustion for the prevention and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 / 中国针灸

Acupuncture and moxibustion has a wealth of experience in the prevention and control of epidemic disease since ancient times, which was used for all kinds of acute infectious diseases in modern times and its efficacy has been clearly and reliably reported. This article proposes the theoretical feasibility and reliability of acupuncture and moxibustion interventional prevention and treatment by discussing the recognition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the perspective of acupuncture and moxibustion. The unique "acupuncture and moxibustion program" for COVID-19 is presented including treatment in different stages, selecting acupoints by distinguishing meridians, applying needle technique by various methods. The article also proposes a new understanding of acupuncture and moxibustion at related acupoints on the surface of the body that can directly affect the "" to treat the disease.

Health information analysis and health promotion in social media / 中华医学图书情报杂志

Social media are an important channel to spread health information and an important influencing factor for health information behaviors. The personal information on social media can predict the public health events, as-sess the personal health condition and help to improve the health behaviors of the public. The active role of foreign and domestic social media in predicting epidemic and infectious disease, monitoring smog, supporting user emotion and health, early warning drug adverse effects, and establishing healthy lifestyle were described. The health infor-mation analysis using the data on social media and the effect of social media on health information behaviors were summarized in order to provide the theory for the successive research.

Molecular epidemiological characteristics and genotype analysis of norovirus in Zhenjiang region / 临床检验杂志

Objective To analyze the molecular epidemiological characteristics and genotype distribution of norovirus in Zhenjiang region during 2015 and 2016.Methods The fecal samples from diarrhea patients in Zhenjiang region were collected,and the expression level of norovirus capsid protein gene was detected by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR).The PCR products were validated by gene sequencing.Then,phylogenetic tree was constructed with Mega software,and sequence evolution and genotype were analyzed.Results The positive rate of norovirus infection was 5.30％ (85/1 605).Among them,the detection rates of G Ⅰ genogroup and G Ⅱ genogroup were 0.87％ (14/1 605) and 4.55％ (73/1 605),respectively,and 2 samples were detected both of G Ⅰ and G Ⅱ genogroups.The highest positive rate of G Ⅱ genogroup occurred in adolescent patients aged from 10 to 20 years (17.80％).During 2015,the detection rate of norovirus infection was the highest in January,and then in November and February.During 2016,the detection rate of norovirus infection was the highest in December,and then in March and April.The main genotypes of norovirus in 2015 and 2016 were new G Ⅱ.17 variant (63.89％) and G Ⅱ.4 Sydney_2012 strain (35 ％),respectively.Conclusion The infection of norovirus in Zhenjiang region appears G Ⅱ as main genogroup,adolescent as main patients,November to April of the next year as main epidemic seasons,and G Ⅱ.17 variant and G Ⅱ.4 Sydney_2012 strain as main epidemic genotypes.

Analysis of the Origin and Disadvantages of the Excessive Use in Treatment of Epidemic Disease with Heat-clearing and Detoxifying Method / 浙江中医药大学学报

Objective] To analyze the origin and disadvantages of the excessive use in treatment of epidemic disease with heat-clearing and detoxifying method. [Methods] We analyse the original reason of excessive use of heat-clearing and detoxifying method in treatment of epidemic disease in the thought of classics academic,combining with core journals from pre-Qin to after the founding of China. [Results] In pre-Qin ,heat-clearing and detoxifying method showed signs; The heat-clearing and detoxifying method created some formulas in Jin Tang; Heat-clearing and detoxifying method in treating the epidemic disease increased obviously in Song;In the Ming dynasty ,heat-clearing and detoxifying became an important method of eliminating;In the Qing dynasty to the Republic of China,advocate use of heat-clearing and detoxifying method;After the founding of China,there has appeared the trend of excessive use of heat-clearing and detoxifying method. [conclusion] At present ,treatment abuse in epidemic disease with heat-clearing and detoxifying method has its historical reasons,but this deviates with thoughts of traditional Chinese medicine treatment based on syndrome differentiation , and deserves further research.

The Attitude,Truth,and Principles of Epidemic-Disease Ethics Research / 中国医学伦理学

The epidemic-disease ethics might guide mankind to march forward to the future.To accomplish this task fully,much concern and care should be put on future interests and feasible present actions simultaneously,and the supreme value of life should be taken as the value guidance.Besides,the whole humanity,universal equality,and comprehensive fairness should be taken as the practical principles.With the guidance of epidemic-disease ethics,we can carry out the prevention & treatment of epidemic diseases,the re-construction of eco-environment and homeland after the shock of epidemic diseases,and foster the mutual-growth & inter-growth of man,life,earth,and the universe.