Historical Evolution and Key Information Research on Pediatric Famous Classical Formula Yigongsan / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Yigongsan is derived from Xiaoer Yaozheng Zhijue written by QIAN Yi in the Northern Song dynasty， which is the No. 3 formula in the Catalogue of Ancient Famous Classical Formulas（The Second Batch of Pediatrics） released by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM） in September 2022， and it can be developed as a class 3.1 new TCM drug. By referring to ancient medical books and modern literature， this study conducted herbal textual research on Yigongsan from five aspects， including historical evolution， origin and processing， dosage conversion， usage and preparation methods， and functional application， then formed the key information table of this formula， in order to provide reference for the development of reference samples and preparations of Yigongsan. Based on the results of the study， it is recommended that Panax ginseng should be removed the basal part of stem（rhizoma）， Poria cocos should be removed the peel， Citrus reticulata should be cut into shreds and Glycyrrhiza uralensis should be used. According to 4.13 g/Qian（钱）， 1 g/slice for ginger， 3 g for each jujube and 300 mL/Zhan（盏）， the doses of Ginseng Radix， Poria， Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium， Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens， Jujubae Fructus were 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 1.652， 5， 6 g， and the total amount was 19.26 g. The decocting method was to crush the medicinal materials into fine powder with 50-80 mesh， add 300 mL of water and decoct to 210 mL for each dose， then remove the dregs and take it warmly. This formula was recorded in ancient books as the main treatment for the cold-deficiency of spleen and stomach， and Qi stagnation in children with vomiting and diarrhea and lack of appetite. It has been flexibly applied by later generations of physicians， and is often used to treat anorexia， inflammation of the digestive tract， diarrhea and other diseases in children.

Implementación asistencial de estudios genómicos aplicados al diagnóstico molecular / Implementation of genomic studies applied to molecular diagnostics

El Hospital Garrahan ha sido pionero en el diagnóstico molecular de patologías pediátricas en Argentina. Los avances tecnológicos de las últimas décadas en el área de la biología molecular, sentaron las bases para la optimización y ampliación del diagnóstico molecular a partir de la secuenciación masiva en paralelo de múltiples genes. El presente trabajo describe el proceso de implementación de los estudios de secuenciación de nueva generación y el desarrollo de la Unidad de Genómica en un hospital público pediátrico de alta complejidad, así como su impacto en las capacidades diagnósticas de enfermedades poco frecuentes de origen genético. La creación del Grupo Interdisciplinario de Estudios Genómicos constituyó la vía institucional para la toma de decisiones que implican la implementación de nuevos estudios genómicos y el establecimiento de prioridades diagnósticas, extendiendo la disponibilidad del diagnóstico molecular a más disciplinas. La Unidad de Genómica trabaja en diseñar las estrategias que permitan la mayor optimización de los recursos con los que cuenta el hospital, teniendo en cuenta el equipamiento disponible, las prioridades establecidas y la frecuencia de las distintas patologías. Se demuestra el salto significativo operado en nuestras capacidades diagnósticas, tanto en la variedad de enfermedades como en el número de genes analizados, habiendo estudiado a la fecha alrededor de 2.000 pacientes, muchos de los cuales ven de este modo finalizada su odisea diagnóstica. Los estudios de NGS se han convertido en una herramienta de la práctica diaria para la atención de un número importante de pacientes de nuestro hospital. Continuaremos trabajando para ampliar su aplicación a la mayor cantidad de patologías, a través de los mecanismos institucionales ya existentes (AU)

The Garrahan Hospital has been a pioneer in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric diseases in Argentina. The technological advances of the last decades in the area of molecular biology have laid the foundations for the optimization and expansion of molecular diagnostics through massive parallel sequencing of multiple genes. This study describes the process of implementation of next-generation sequencing studies and the development of the Genomics Unit in a public pediatric tertiary hospital, and its impact on the capacity to diagnose rare diseases of genetic origin. The creation of the Interdisciplinary Group of Genomic Studies constituted the institutional pathway for decision-making involving the implementation of new genomic studies and the establishment of diagnostic priorities, extending the availability of molecular diagnostics to additional disciplines. The Genomics Unit is working to design strategies that allow for optimization of the resources available to the hospital, taking into account the equipment available, the priorities established, and the frequency of the different diseases. It demonstrates the significant leap in our diagnostic capabilities, both in the variety of diseases and in the number of genes analyzed. To date, around 2,000 patients have been studies, many of whom have thus completed their diagnostic odyssey. NGS studies have become a tool in daily practice for the care of a significant number of patients in our hospital. We will continue working to expand its application to as many diseases as possible, through the existing institutional mechanisms (AU)

The Importance of Vednaadhyaya in Clinical Diagnosis of Childhood Diseases

The knowledge of Ayurveda have been divided in eight branches i.e., Ashtangayurveda. Out of which Kaumarbhritya is the branch of Ayurveda, which deals with the knowledge of diseases and care of child right from conception till adolescence. Kashyap Samhita is the most important and main classical text of the Kaumarbhritya. The Kashyap Samhita is divided in various sections (Sthana) of which Vedanadhyaya is 25th Chapter of Sutrasthana where the symptomology of various diseases in children’s are explained and it helps in pediatric examination and diagnosis as children are not capable to speak about their symptoms themselves. The present review article is the humble effort to investigate the classical text of the Vedanadhyaya and its modern aspects. It is observable that Acharya Kashyap has integrated a broad collection of diseases of different system like skin, ENT, gastro-biliary, hematology and urinary system and has also included the Balgrahas. The symptoms described are truthful and rational in modern logical era also. Therefore, a comprehensive study of Vedanadhyaya is necessary for appropriate understanding of Ayurvedic point of view for pediatric diseases and their ordinary discriminative symptoms. It reinforces the view, that children are not miniature adults and diseases in pediatric age group have different features and requires understanding of it. This review article highlights the importance of Vednaadhyaya in clinical diagnosis of childhood diseases.

Summary of Traditional Chinese Medicine external treatment for the children with recurrent respiratory tract infection / 国际中医中药杂志

The external treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in the treatment of recurrent respiratory tract infection for children mainly includes Xiangpei therapy, massage therapy, acupoint application therapy, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Many external treatments were combined, or TCM internal and external treatments were combined, which can help to straighten qi and dispel evil and solidify the surface, harmonize viscera qi and blood, dredge meridians, balance yin and yang, tonify lung, spleen and kidney. The treatments can enhance appetite, improve immunity, and help to promote growth. The treatment can help children with recurrent respiratory tract infection improve disease resistance, reduce the number of attacks, alleviate symptoms, shorten the course of disease and improve outcomes, with few obvious adverse reactions. The compliance of children and the satisfaction of family are high.

Treatment of cough variant asthma based on the pathogenic characteristics of "wind phlegm and blood stasis" / 国际中医中药杂志

The wind, phlegm, and blood stasis are important pathogenic factors of cough variant asthma in children, and they are also the pathological products in the occurrence and development of this disease. They have typical pathogenic characteristics. The main pathogenesis characteristics of cough caused by wind, phlegm and blood stasis are as follows that external wind attacks the lungs and induces internal wind, phlegm and dampness accumulates in the lungs, and the lungs fail to declare and descend, and blood stasis obstructs the collaterals and stagnation of Qi. The wind, phlegm, and blood stasis have their own pathogenic characteristics, and their cough-causing also have their own pathogenic characteristics and clinical characteristics. Based on the characteristics of wind, phlegm, and blood stasis, the application of medicine based on the differentiation of symptoms and signs can effectively prevent and treat this disease, and provide theoretical basis and treatment ideas for the treatment of cough variant asthma in children with Chinese medicine.

Clinical research summary on the treatment of cerebral palsy with scalp acupuncture in different schools / 国际中医中药杂志

At present, many scalp acupuncture schools for cerebral palsy include Jiao's scalp acupuncture, Jin's scalp acupuncture, international standard scalp acupuncture and Zhu's scalp acupuncture. Each school of scalp acupuncture has its own strengths. And there are subtle differences in the theoretical bases and acupoint selection standards, but they also have similarities. Some acupoints selected by various schools in the treatment of children with cerebral palsy are mostly adjacent or identical in the corresponding position of the cerebral cortex, and the curative effect is obvious in improving the spasm degree, motor function and language of children with cerebral palsy. Single scalp acupuncture or scalp acupuncture combined with other therapies can achieve better results. In the future, it is necessary to standardize the clinical treatment plan, compare the efficacy of different schools, improve the follow-up and tracking, and deepen the basic research, so as to promote the application and promotion of scalp acupuncture in clinical treatment of cerebral palsy.

Brief introduction of six major pediatric massage schools and their application in the treatment of infantile anorexia / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper summarizes the academic characteristics, main treatment methods and manipulation characteristics of the sixpediatricmassage schools, including Sun Chongsan massage school, Zhang Hanchen massage school, pediatric chiropractic massage school, Shanghai pediatric massage school and Liu Kaiyun massage school, and introduces the ideas and methods of each school in the treatment of infantile anorexia. Forchildren’s anorexia, massage has various methods, but is reliable curative effect, simple and safe operation. At present, there are more experience summary literature and case reports, but few RCT with multi center or large sample. The research on the mechanism of massage is few. The academic ideas, syndrome differentiation methods and massage methods of various schools showed different, so it was difficult to establish a unified standard guide. Therefore, on the basis of inheriting the academic characteristics of various schools, we should further promote the establishment of a modern clinical pediatric massage system and clarify its mechanism.

Research progress in the relationship between intestinal microecology and pediatric diseases / 国际生物医学工程杂志

Children have unique physiological and pathological characteristics, and their various system diseases are closely related to immune function, such as respiratory system, digestive system, nervous system, endocrine system, etc. These correlations are directly or indirectly related to the intestinal micro-ecosystem. In recent years, more and more study results show that as a major component of the human micro-ecosystem, the intestinal micro-ecosystem plays a decisive role in the important physiological functions of children such as immunity, metabolism, nutrition, etc. Children's intestinal micro-ecosystem is also associated with the treatment and prognosis of infectious diseases, chronic intestinal inflammatory diseases, allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases and metabolic diseases. In this paper, the related research of intestinal micro-ecology and some common diseases in pediatrics were summarized and discussed, the correlation between intestinal micro-ecology and pediatric diseases were deeply analyzed, in order to further understand the potential pathogenesis of pediatric diseases, and to provide new ideas for guiding the clinical treatment and long-term rehabilitation.

Clinical experience of professor 's external treatment of supporting the middle for pediatric diseases / 中国针灸

It is well believed that children's spleen is often insufficient, as the structure and of spleen-stomach are incomplete. The deficiency of spleen-stomach plays an important role in the occurrence, development and pathogenesis of pediatric diseases. Professor has inherited the academic thought of , a famous physician of TCM, and proposed the external treatment method of "supporting the middle". This method emphasizes the constant care of the spleen-stomach of children in the aspect of acupoint selection, and adoptes the external treatment of children's , supporting- cupping therapy (including warming , warming moxibustion and warm scrapping), acupuncture (including abdominal acupuncture, intradermal needling) to treat children's diseases of spleen, lung, kidney and others, which has achieved satisfactory therapeutic effects.

Estudio Transversal: Prevalencia de Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio en Pacientes Ingresados en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga, 2017 / Cross- sectional study: Prevalence of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections in Patients Admitted at the Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga, 2017

INTRODUCCIÓN: El virus sincitial respiratorio es una de las principales causas de infección respiratoria baja en pacientes menores de 5 años; constituye además una de las principales causas de mortalidad pediátrica a nivel mundial. El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar la prevalencia de infección por virus sincitial respiratorio en pacientes ingresados en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga. METODOLOGÍA: Se realizó un estudio transversal, el universo incluyó a pacientes pediátricos con edades comprendidas entre los 0 y 5 años, que hayan sido ingresados en el Hospital de Especialidades José Carrasco Arteaga con diagnóstico de infección respiratoria baja. Se usó la inmunocromatografía como prueba para detección del virus, los datos fueron tabulados mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 22.0. RESULTADOS: 186 pacientes fueron incluidos en el estudio; de estos el 76.35% (n=142) fue diag-nosticado de neumonía, 19.35% (n=36) de bronquiolitis y 4.30% (n=8) de bronquitis aguda. La prevalencia de infecciones por virus sincitial respiratorio en pacientes pediátricos fue del 44% (n=82). Los factores analizados en busca de asociación con la infección fueron: edad 24 ­ 60 meses (p= 0.012), sexo masculino (p= 0.236), parto por cesárea (p= 0.853), patología crónica de base (p=0.060), esquema de vacunación incompleto (p= 0.010), lactancia materna no exclusiva (p= 0.176), tabaquismo pasivo (p= 0.609) y nivel socio económico bajo (p= 0.609). CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia general de infección por virus sincitial respiratorio en pacientes menores a 5 años es del 43%. De los factores analizados, la edad (24 ­ 60 meses) y el esquema de vacu-nación incompleto presentaron asociación estadísticamente significativa con la presencia de la infección. Esta investigación no reportó asociación con sexo masculino, parto por cesárea, patología crónica de base, lactancia materna incompleta, tabaquismo previo o nivel socio económico bajo.(AU)

BACKGROUND: Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus is one of the main causes of lower respiratory infections in patients under 5 years of age; it is also one of the main causes of pediatric mortality worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients admitted to Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed; the universe included pediatric patients between 0 and 5 years old, who had been admitted to Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga with a diagnosis of low respiratory infection. Immunochromatography was used as a test for virus detection; the data was tabulated using the statistical software SPSS version 22.0. RESULTS: 186 patients were included; 76.35% (n=142) were diagnosed with pneumonia, 19.35% (n=36) of bronchiolitis and 4.30% (n=8) of acute bronchitis. The prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus infections in pediatric patients was 44% (n=82). The factors analyzed in search of association with the infection were: age 24 - 60 months (p= 0.012), male sex (p= 0.236), cesarean delivery (p= 0.853), chronic base pathology (p= 0.060), incomplete vaccination scheme (p= 0.010), non-exclusive breastfeeding (p= 0.176), passive smoking (p= 0.609) and low socio-economic status (p= 0.609). CONCLUSION: The overall prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus infection in patients younger than 5 years is 43%. Of the analyzed factors, age (24 - 60 months) and incomplete vaccination scheme showed a statistically significant association with the presence of the infection. This investigation did not report association with male sex, cesarean delivery, chronic basic pathology, incomplete breastfeeding, previous smoking or low socio-economic status.

Moxibustion for pediatric diseases in / 中国针灸

was considered as the existing earliest monograph of TCM etiology and pathogenesis, and 6 volumes of total 50 volumes in this book involved pediatric diseases, which summarized the medical achievements of pediatrics beforeDynasty. Without detailed prescription, moxibustion was highly valued in this book and was applied for various types of pediatric emergency. With moxibustion for pediatric diseases inas starting point, three aspects, including caution about moxibustion, moxibustion at back-and moxibustion for febrile convulsion were discussed in this article.

Pediatic: desarrollo de competencias en TIC a través del aprendizaje por proyectos / Pediatic: development of competencies in ICT through project-based learning

Se describe el resultado del proyecto Pediatic luego de año y medio de ejecución cuyo objetivo era contribuir al desarrollo de competencias en Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) a través de la elaboración de recursos digitales sobre enfermedades pediátricas. En él participaron los estudiantes de 4to semestre de medicina que cursaron la asignatura Telemática II en la Universidad de La Sabana durante el 2008 y 2009. Dentro de sus principales resultados está el desarrollo de competencias en TIC en más del 85 por ciento de los estudiantes y la elaboración de más de 50 recursos educativos digitales sobre enfermedades pediátricas.

The results of the Pediatic project one and a half year after being implemented were described. The objective of the project was to support the development of competencies in ICT by means of the creation of digital resources aimed at pediatric diseases. The students in the fourth semester of the medical studies, who had Telematic II subject in their curricula in Universidad de La Sabana during 2008 and 2009, participated. Some of the main results were the development of competencies in ICT management in 85 percent of students along with the creation of over 50 digital educational resources about pediatric diseases.