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Objective Endothelial injury plays a crucial role in forming deep vein thrombosis.This study aims to compare the effectiveness of various methods for creating rabbit femoral vein thrombotic models after the endothelial injuryso as to provide a solid experimental foundation for further research on the endothelial injury and deep vein thrombosis.Methods Forty-five rabbits were randomly divided into three groups(A,B,C),with 15 cases in each group and subjected to the endothelial injury using the methods of simple clamping,combined complete ligation,and combined incomplete ligation,respectively.The intravascular ultrasonic manifestations and local endothelial pathological changes were compared at 1,3,and 7 days after modeling.Results Significant differences in vascular diameter and Young's modulus values were observed after 7 days of modeling(P<0.05).In pairwise comparisons between the groups,the Young's modulus values in group C were significantly higher than those in groups A and B after 7 days of modeling(P<0.05).Pathological examination confirmed the presence of fibr-inoid thrombus in the blood vessels of group C on the seventh day of modeling.Conclusion Combining simple clam-ping and incomplete ligation can produce a relatively stable endothelial injury and thrombus formation.This method provides a robust experimental model for further investigation into deep vein thrombosis after the endothelial injury.
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BACKGROUND:In clinical work,the stiffness of neck soft tissue in patients with neck and shoulder pain is mainly detected through palpation,which is highly subjective and lacks an objective basis.Real-time shear wave elastography is a quantitative elastic ultrasound technique that can objectively assess muscle elasticity and muscle status. OBJECTIVE:To apply real-time shear wave elastography to assess the stiffness of scalene muscles in patients with neck and shoulder pain and to observe the characteristics of muscle stiffness changes in the bilateral anterior,middle and posterior scalene muscles in patients with neck and shoulder pain. METHODS:From December 2021 to June 2022,36 healthy subjects(control group)and 36 patients with neck and shoulder pain(test group)were recruited at the Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine.Real-time shear wave elastography was applied to measure the mean values of elastic modulus and cross-sectional area of the anterior and middle and posterior scalene muscles bilaterally in the neutral and lateral flexion positions of the neck in both groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:In the same position,there were no significant differences between the mean Values of elastic modulus of the left and right anterior scalene muscles as well as between the mean Values of elastic modulus of the left and right middle scalene muscles in each group(P>0.05);there were no significant differences between the cross-sectional area of the left and right anterior scalene muscles as well as the cross-sectional area of the left and right posteromedial scalene muscles in each group(P>0.05);and the elastic modulus and cross-sectional area of the posteromedial scalene muscles were significantly higher than those of the anterior scalene muscles in both groups(P<0.01,P<0.001).The mean Values of elastic modulus of the anterior and posteromedial scalene muscles were higher in the test group than in the control group in the neutral and lateral neck flexion positions(P<0.001),while the cross-sectional areas of the anterior and posteromedial scalene muscles were lower than those in the control group(P<0.01,P<0.001).To conclude,real-time shear wave elastography can be used to visually evaluate the differences in the mean Values of elastic modulus of the anterior and posteromedial scalene muscles in different states of the neck muscles in patients with neck and shoulder pain,whose bilateral scalene muscles are in a state of strain and stiffness.
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@#Abstract: Objective To explore the value of real-time shear wave elastography in evaluating the severity of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B, and to analyze the factors that affecting its accuracy. Methods A total of 196 chronic hepatitis B patients, who admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from February 2018 to October 2020, were selected for retrospective analysis. Demographic indicators such as gender, age, body mass index(BMI), and laboratory indicators such as fasting blood glucose, liver function, and blood lipid composition were collected. The patients were detected by real-time shear wave elastography. Taking the pathological test results as the gold standard, the diagnostic value of real-time shear wave elastography in the severity of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B was analyzed, and the comprehensive effect of various factors on the diagnostic accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography was evaluated by Logistic regression analysis. Results The differences in real-time shear wave elastography of patients with different severity of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B were statistically significant, and F0 grade <F1 grade <F2 grade <F3 grade <F4 grade (all P<0.05). ROC analysis showed that the cut-off values of real-time shear wave elastography for patients with liver fibrosis in hepatitis B ≥ F1, ≥ F2, ≥ F3 and F4 were 6.15 kPa, 7.03 kPa, 8.15 kPa and 10.09 kPa respectively; the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.759, 0.806, 0.900 and 0.930 respectively (P<0.05). Results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis based on univariate analysis showed that glutamic alanine transaminase (ALT), glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST), fatty liver and inflammation levels were independent factors affecting the accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography in evaluating the severity of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B (P<0.05). Conclusions Real-time shear wave elastography technology can be used to evaluate the severity of liver fibrosis in hepatitis B, and its accuracy is mainly affected by ALT, AST, inflammation levels and fatty liver.
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Objective To assess the value of shear-wave elastography (SWE) of the liver and spleen for predicting the risk of esophageal-gastric varices (EGV) and the bleeding from EGV (EGVB) in patients with advanced schistosomiasis. Methods The medical records of 90 patients with definitive diagnosis of advanced schistosomiasis in Wuxi People’s Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from January 2017 through January 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The severity of EGV was graded in the 90 patients with advanced schistosomiasis using gastroscopic findings as a golden standard. Then, the subjects were assigned to the non-EGV and EGV groups, and the low- and high-risk EGVB groups according to the grading. The SWE elastic moduli of the liver and spleen were measured and compared between groups. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was estimated to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of the SWE elastic moduli of the liver and spleen for predicting the high risk of EGV and EGVB. Results The 90 patients with advanced schistosomiasis included 61 men and 29 women, and had a mean age of (74.3 ± 8.6) years (range, 62 to 83 years). If gastroscopic findings were employed as a golden standard, there were 32 cases with grade 0 (35.5%), 17 cases with grade 1 (18.9%), 15 cases with grade 2 (16.7%) and 26 cases with grade 3 EGV (28.9%). There were 32 cases in the non-EGV group (35.6%) and 58 cases in the EGV group (64.4%), and 41 cases in the high-risk EGV group (45.6%) and 49 cases in the low-risk EGV group (54.4%), respectively. The SWE elastic moduli of the liver and spleen were both significantly greater in the EGV group than in the non-EGV group (t = 5.73 and 7.26, both P values < 0.05). The SWE elastic moduli of the liver and spleen had AUCs of 0.70 and 0.75, optimal cut-off of 16.1 kPa and 22.6 kPa, sensitivities of 80.6% and 83.9% and specificities of 71.4% and 78.6% for the prediction of EGV, respectively. In addition, the SWE elastic moduli of the liver and spleen were significantly greater in the high-risk EGVB groups than in the low-risk EGVB group (t = 7.35 and 9.61, both P values < 0.05), and the SWE elastic moduli of the liver and spleen had AUCs of 0.68 and 0.71, optimal cut-off of 22.7 kPa and 33.8 kPa, sensitivities of 70.4% and 73.6% and specificities of 89.3% and 93.1% for the prediction of high-risk EGV, respectively. Conclusions SWE is useful to predict the risk of EGV and EGVB in patients with advanced schistosomiasis.
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Objective To investigate the application value of shear wave elastography (SWE) combined with superb micro-vascular imaging (SMI) in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid masses.Methods Seventy-eight patients diagnosed by ultrasound and verified with postoperative pathological analysis were enrolled.Conventional two-dimensional ultrasound was applied to observe the masses.SWE was performed to evaluate the elasticity and the Young's modulus (AveT1) value acquired.ROC curve was drawn to calculate the sensibility and specificity using the cut-off value of AveT1.SMI was applied to define Adler's grading standard according to the degree of blood supply.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of SWE and SWE combined with SMI in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid masses were analyzed.Results ①According to pathological analysis,there were 42 benign and 44 malignant masses;②The AveT1 value between malignant and benign groups were all significantly different (P ＜0.01).41.4 kPa was used as the best cut-off value of AveT1.The area under the ROC curve were 0.83 with sensitivity 86.9％ and specificity 88.1％;③There were more masses with the Alder class Ⅱ-Ⅲ in malignant group than those in benign group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜0.01);④Quantified with SWE or SWE combined with SMI,the sensitivity were 86.9％ and 91.3％,specificity were 88.1％ and 92.8％,and accuracy were 87.5％ and 94.1 ％,respectively,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions SWE combined with SMI represents an excellent application value in differentiating malignant and benign thyroid masses,which could improve the sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the diagnosis for thyroid masses using ultrasound.
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Objective To investigate the clinical application value of the real-time shear wave elastography (SWE)technology in the curative evaluation on Hashimoto′s thyroiditis(HT)patients treated with prednisone. Methods Applying SWE technology to determine the Young′s modulus value of thyroid tissue of 45 HT cases with subclinical hypothyroidism before and one month after treatment. Results 1 month after prednisone treat-ment,the Young′s modulus value and serum thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH),thyroid-peroxidase antibody (TPOAb)and thyroglobulin antibody(TGAb)were observed significantly changed before and one month after treatment(P < 0.05,respectively). The various modulus value was found reduced with different degrees,but the serum TSH was shown back to normal after the treatment with prednisone. Conclusions By quantitative determi-nation of Young′s modulus value,the hardness of organization information was obtained objectively,which could provide more meaningful reference basis to evaluate the treatment of prednisone for HT.
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Background and purpose:Thermal ablation (radiofrequency ablation, RFA/microwave ablation, MWA) is the most commonly used minimally invasive technique for the treatment of liver cancer. Real-time shear wave elastography (SWE) is a new type of ultrasonic imaging technology, which was used in our study to monitor thermal ablation of liver cancer. This study aimed to investigate the stiffness change of liver cancer and that of surrounding liver parenchyma before and after thermal ablation, and to evaluate the application of SWE for monitoring thermal ablation for liver cancer.Methods:From Oct. 2014 to Apr. 2015, a total number of 36 patients, with 39 lesions, were treated with RFA or MWA and got complete response. SWE examination was performed before and after ablation. The SWE-mean, SWE-min, SWE-max, SWE-SD of lesions and the surrounding liver parenchyma were measured. Statistical analysis was made to compare the stiffness changes of liver cancer with those of the surrounding liver parenchyma before and after thermal ablation, and to determine whether there were differences between two different ablation modes.Results:Before and after ablation, the SWE-mean of lesions was (30.09±11.67) kPavs (52.11±17.56) kPa,SWE-min was (10.46±8.22) kPavs (20.57±11.42) kPa, SWE-max was (51.50±20.84) kPavs (88.54±27.75) kPa, SWE-SD was (10.63±4.30) kPavs (16.89±7.72) kPa; There were statistically signiifcant differences (P0.05). After ablation, the SWE-mean of RFA and MWA was (45.55±10.91) kPavs (60.59±20.99) kPa, SWE-min was (18.95±8.86) kPavs (25.93±10.93) kPa, SWE-max was (76.58±15.51) kPavs (104.01±32.59) kPa, SWE-SD was (13.82±3.52) kPavs (20.85±9.77) kPa; There were statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05).Conclusion:SWE can quantitively analyze the stiffness of lesions. The ablation zone became stiffer after RFA or MWA, and the ablation zone of MWA was stiffer than that of RFA. Two kinds of ablation methods did not signiifcantly affect the stiffness of liver parenchyma around the lesion. SWE could potentially be used to monitor thermal ablation of liver cancer.