RESUMO
O aÌlcool eÌ a droga mais consumida no mundo, que pode gerar problemas sociais e de sauÌde, afetando usuaÌrios, pessoas que com estes convivem e a sociedade em geral. O objetivo foi identificar melhores evideÌncias em intervençoÌes para reduçaÌo do abuso de aÌlcool. RevisaÌo integrativa de literatura, realizada na LILACS, CINAHL, PUBMED e SCOPUS, por meio dos descritores intervention studies e alcoholism. Os 19 artigos selecionados, em sua maioria, foram classificados como niÌvel dois de evideÌncia, envolviam intervençoÌes com usuaÌrios de aÌlcool, destacando-se como as mais eficientes as intervençoÌes breves, intervençoÌes baseadas na internet e aconselhamento. Embora naÌo se comprovou a cessaçaÌo do uso do aÌlcool a partir das intervençoÌes, os resultados apontam reduçaÌo significativa do consumo, aumento na disponibilidade para mudança do ato de beber e impacto efetivo das intervençoÌes breves quando comparadas aos tratamentos usuais. As intervençoÌes breves constituem as melhores intervençoÌes para reduçaÌo do abuso de aÌlcool.
Alcohol is the most consumed drug in the world, which could generate social and health problems, affecting users, people living with them and the society in general. The aim was to identify the best evidence of interventions to reduce alcohol abuse. An integrative review of the literature, conducted on LILACS, CINAHL, PUBMED and SCOPUS, through the descriptors "intervention studies" and "alcoholism". Nineteen articles were selected, most of them classified as two regarding level of evidence. They involved interventions with alcohol users, the most efficient were short interventions, internet-based interventions and counselling. Although cessation of alcohol use was not proved through the interventions, results point to a significant reduction in consumption, increase of the availability to change drinking habit and effective impact of short interventions when compared to usual treatments. Short interventions constitute the best interventions to reduce alcohol abuse.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adaptação Psicológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Alcoolismo/enfermagem , Alcoolismo/prevenção & controle , Promoção da SaúdeRESUMO
To evaluate maternal and neonatal effects of desflurane compared with the sevoflurane for general anesthesia for cesarean section. The study was conducted as a prospective randomized blind study between January 2003 to January 2004 at the Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey. One hundred and two American Society of Anesthesiologists ASA I patients aged between 20-35 at 37-42 weeks of pregnancy were randomly allocated into 2 groups. All patients received thiopental and succinylcholine for induction. Patients assigned to the first group received desflurane 2.5%, and the second group sevoflurane 1.5% combined with 50% nitrous oxide and oxygen. Maternal blood loss, umbilical arterial blood gas values, delivery intervals, Apgar scores, and neurologic and adaptive capacity score NACS on the fifteenth minute, second hour, and twenty-fourth hour of age were evaluated to assess the neonatal status. One hundred and two 52 sevoflurane group, 50 desflurane group parturients were included in the study. In the desflurane group, NACS were significantly better on the fifteenth minute and second hour evaluations. There were no statistically significant differences in twenty-fourth hour NACS evaluations, Apgar scores, umbilical arterial blood gas values, delivery times, and maternal blood loss between the groups. Desflurane anesthesia offers more favorable results compared to sevoflurane in newborns delivered by elective cesarean section under general anesthesia in the early hours after delivery