Amlexanox Exhibits Cardioprotective Effects in 5/6 Nephrectomized Rats

Abstract Cardiorenal syndrome is a life-threatening condition. The aim of the current study was to determine the cardioprotective effects of amlexanox in 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham, 5/6 nephrectomized rats, and amlexanox-treated 5/6 nephrectomized group. Amlexanox (25 mg/kg/day, i.p.) administration was started just after surgery and continued for 10 weeks. After treatment, kidney function (serum creatinine and urea) and blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) were measured. Heart weight (normalized to tibial length) and fibrosis area percentage were measured. Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP, heart failure marker) and cardiac levels of ß1-adrenergic receptor (ß1AR), ß-arrestin-2, phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), diacylglycerol (DAG), pS473 Akt (a survival marker), and caspase-3 activity (an apoptosis marker) were also measured. The 5/6 nephrectomy caused renal impairment, cardiac fibrosis, apoptosis, and heart failure indicated by down- regulation of cardiac ß1AR down-stream signals compared with those in the sham group. Interestingly, amlexanox significantly reduced all cardiopathological changes induced after 10 weeks of 5/6 nephrectomy. Amlexanox showed potent cardiac antifibrotic and antiapoptotic effects in 5/6 nephrectomized rats, which were associated with reduced heart failure. To our knowledge, this is the first study that addresses the potent in vivo cardioprotective effects of amlexanox

Caracterização de um grupo de idosas hospitalizadas e seus cuidadores visando o cuidado pós alta hospitalar / Caracterización de un grupo de ancianas hospitalizadas y sus cuidadores con vistas al cuidado post-alta hospitalaria / Characterization for a group of hospitalized old women and their cares vising the care after discharge

No presente estudo foram estudadas 50 idosas internadas em unidade de clínica médica e seus respectivos cuidadores. Verificou-se que a maioria das idosas apresentavam dependências diversas e, portanto, necessitavam da presença de um cuidador para sua sobrevivência. Os cuidadores, em sua maioria, eram do sexo feminino, pertenciam à família da idosa, tinham algum grau de escolaridade e apontaram diversas dificuldades no cuidado da mesma. Constata-se, portanto, que durante a hospitalização, há necessidade de se adotarem medidas visando ao preparo do cuidador para assumir a complexa assistência requerida pelo idoso, principalmente após a alta hospitalar.

In the present study 50 old women interned in a medical treatment unity and their respective caregivers were studied. It was verified that most of the women preseted various dependencies and, threfore, they needed the presence of a caregiver for their survival. The caregivers, most of them female, belonged to the old women's family, had some scholarship degree and pointed out several difficulties en caring for the women. It is verified, consequently, that during hospitalization there is the need to take measures aiming at preparing the caregiver to take on the complex aid required by the old person, especially after hospital discharge.

La presente investigación trata del estudio de 50 mujeres ancianas internadas en clínica médica y sus respectivos cuidadores. Se verifico que la mayoría de las ancianas presentaban dependencias diversas y, por tanto, necesitaban de la presencia de un cuidador para sobrevivir. Los cuidadores, en su mayoría, eran del sexo femenino, pertenecían a la familia de la anciana, tenían algún grado de escolaridad e indicaron varias dificultades en el cuidado de la misma. Se constató que durante la hospitalización hay la necesidad de adoptar medidas con vistas al preparo del cuidador para asumir la compleja atención que requiere el anciano, principalmente después del alta hospitalaria.