RESUMO
Background: Globally, enrolled nurses (ENs) are embarking on an educational journey to become registered nurses (RNs) in order to enhance their knowledge and career opportunities. However, their aspiration is not without challenges. In Namibia, the experiences of these nurses have not been extensively researched. Objectives: This study aims to explore and describe the experiences and challenges of ENs undertaking a Bachelor of Nursing Science at the University of Namibia. Method: A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research strategy was followed as the basis of conducting the study. A sample of 15 nursing students was purposively selected from the target population of 73 nursing students. This sample size was determined by the saturation of data as reflected in repeating themes. The collected data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach. Results: Three main themes subsequently emerged from the study: ENs' positive experiences advancing in the Bachelor of Nursing Science (BNSc) programme; nurses' negative experiences advancing in the BNSc programme; and recommendations to ensure effective advancement in the BNSc programme Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed that ENs positively experience becoming a RN when it comes to self-development; however, they have negative experiences such as not receiving exemptions for prior learning and having to learn a new curriculum. Contribution: These findings may be used by the Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nursing and Public Health management in order to develop targeted interventions and ongoing strategies during their curriculum review cycles to ensure positive student experiences and success within the programme.
Assuntos
Ciências da SaúdeRESUMO
Objective: to map the scientific literature regarding the use of the Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer, ChatGPT, in academic writing in health. Method: this was a scoping review, following the JBI methodology. Conventional databases and gray literature were included. The selection of studies was applied after removing duplicates and individual and paired evaluation. Data were extracted based on an elaborate script, and presented in a descriptive, tabular and graphical format. Results: the analysis of the 49 selected articles revealed that ChatGPT is a versatile tool, contributing to scientific production, description of medical procedures and preparation of summaries aligned with the standards of scientific journals. Its application has been shown to improve the clarity of writing and benefits areas such as innovation and automation. Risks were also observed, such as the possibility of lack of originality and ethical issues. Future perspectives highlight the need for adequate regulation, agile adaptation and the search for an ethical balance in incorporating ChatGPT into academic writing. Conclusion: ChatGPT presents transformative potential in academic writing in health. However, its adoption requires rigorous human supervision, solid regulation, and transparent guidelines to ensure its responsible and beneficial use by the scientific community.
Objetivo: mapear la literatura científica sobre el uso del Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer , ChatGPT, en la escritura académica en salud. Método: se trató de una revisión de alcance, siguiendo la metodología del JBI. Se incluyeron bases de datos convencionales y literatura gris. La selección de los estudios se realizó previa eliminación de duplicados y evaluación individual y en pares. Los datos se extrajeron basándose en un guión elaborado y se presentaron en un formato descriptivo, tabular y gráfico. Resultados: el análisis de los 49 artículos seleccionados reveló que ChatGPT es una herramienta versátil, que contribuye a la producción científica, descripción de procedimientos médicos y elaboración de resúmenes alineados con los estándares de las revistas científicas. Se ha demostrado que su aplicación mejora la claridad de la redacción y beneficia áreas como la innovación y la automatización. También se observaron riesgos, como la posibilidad de falta de originalidad y cuestiones éticas. Las perspectivas futuras resaltan la necesidad de una regulación adecuada, adaptación ágil y búsqueda de un equilibrio ético en la incorporación del ChatGPT a la escritura académica. Conclusión: ChatGPT presenta un potencial transformador en la escritura académica en el área de la salud. Sin embargo, su adopción requiere una supervisión humana rigurosa, una regulación sólida y directrices transparentes para garantizar su uso responsable y beneficioso por parte de la comunidad científica.
Objetivo: mapear a literatura científica referente ao uso do Chat Generative Pre-trained Transformer , ChatGPT, na escrita acadêmica em saúde. Método: tratou-se de uma revisão de escopo, seguindo o método do JBI. Foram incluídas bases de dados convencionais e literatura cinzenta. A seleção dos estudos foi realizada após a remoção de duplicatas e avaliação individual e em pares. Os dados foram extraídos com base em um roteiro elaborado, e apresentados de forma descritiva, tabular e gráfica. Resultados: a análise dos 49 artigos selecionados mostrou que o ChatGPT é uma ferramenta versátil, que contribui para a produção científica, descrição de procedimentos médicos e elaboração de resumos alinhados aos padrões das revistas científicas. Sua aplicação melhorou a clareza da redação e beneficia áreas como inovação e automação. Também foram observados riscos, como a possibilidade de falta de originalidade e questões éticas. Perspectivas futuras destacam a necessidade de regulamentação adequada, adaptação ágil e busca por um equilíbrio ético na incorporação do ChatGPT na escrita acadêmica. Conclusão: o ChatGPT apresenta um potencial transformador na escrita acadêmica na área da saúde. Contudo, sua adoção requer supervisão humana rigorosa, regulamentação sólida e diretrizes transparentes para garantir seu uso responsável e benéfico pela comunidade científica.
Assuntos
Pesquisa , Redação , Inteligência Artificial , Enfermagem , Ciências da Saúde , Publicações Científicas e TécnicasRESUMO
Introducción: La pandemia por la COVID-19, en sucesivas olas, puede inducir a trastornos emocionales prolongados de estrés, ansiedad y depresión, con mayor impacto psicológico en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Objetivo: Determinar el impacto psicológico y los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés en la cuarta ola pandémica en estudiantes de ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en el Perú durante junio a noviembre del 2022. Se incluyeron 418 estudiantes universitarios seleccionados de manera aleatoria. Mediante una encuesta virtual se recogieron variables socioeducativas y religiosas-espirituales; se consideró impacto psicológico cuando el estudiante presentó al menos uno de los trastornos reportados en la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y se evaluaron diferencias con el ji cuadrado. Resultados:De los participantes, el 82,5 por ciento tuvo impacto psicológico; mayores proporciones fueron revelados por los estudiantes de sexo femenino (82,6 por ciento ), ≤ 20 años (86,7 por ciento), estudia y trabaja (83,7 por ciento ), estado civil conviviente (96,0 por ciento ), facultad de obstetricia (88,1por ciento ), ateo (91,7 por ciento ), no participa en actividades religiosas (85,3 por ciento ), no se considera una persona religiosa (83,5 por ciento), ni una persona espiritual (84,6 por ciento ), practica la oración semanal (87,2 por ciento ). La prevalencia de la depresión fue del 63,2 por ciento ; ansiedad 78,5 por ciento y el estrés 48,6 por ciento . Conclusiones:La pandemia, en su cuarta ola, impacta psicológicamente a 8 de cada 10 estudiantes peruanos de ciencias de la salud y los niveles de depresión, ansiedad y estrés son altos(AU)
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic, in successive waves, can induce prolonged emotional disorders of stress, anxiety and depression, with greater psychological impact on health science students. Objective: To determine the psychological impact and levels of depression, anxiety and stress in the fourth pandemic wave in health sciences students. Methods: Cross-sectional study, conducted in Peru, from June to November 2022. It included 418 randomly selected university students. A virtual survey was used to collect socio-educational and religious-spiritual variables; psychological impact was considered when the student presented at least one of the disorders reported in the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). A descriptive analysis was performed and differences were evaluated with chi-square. Results: Of the participants, 82.5 percent had psychological impact; higher proportions were revealed by female students (82.6 percent ), ≤ 20 years old (86.7 percent ), studying and working (83.7percent ), cohabiting marital status (96.0 percent ), obstetrics faculty (88.1 percent ), atheist (91.7 percent ), does not participate in religious activities (85.3 percent ), does not consider herself a religious person (83.5 percent ), does not consider herself a spiritual person (84.6 percent), practices weekly prayer (87.2 percent ). The prevalence of depression was 63.2 percent ; anxiety 78.5 percent and stress 48.6 percent . Conclusions:The fourth wave of the pandemic had a psychological impact on 8 out of 10 Peruvian health science students(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Ansiedade/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Impactos da Poluição na Saúde , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Estudantes de Saúde Pública/psicologia , Depressão/psicologia , Ciências da Saúde/educação , Estudos Transversais , Pandemias , COVID-19/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción: La inserción de los doctorandos en grupos de investigación favorece su formación y el trabajo en equipos interdisciplinares. Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de los grupos de investigación a la formación doctoral del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo en el período 2018-2021. El grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por egresados, matriculados y tutores del Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud que imparte la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad, a partir de una guía de tres temas que abordaba la problemática investigada, y que fueron validadas por miembros del Comité Doctoral. Resultados: Los egresados reconocieron la contribución de la inserción en los equipos durante su formación e hicieron sugerencias relacionadas con el acompañamiento durante el proceso. En el caso de los que estaban en formación, sugirieron aspectos que favorecerían el acceso a orientaciones con la forma de presentación y redacción de la tesis. Los tutores expresaron su conformidad con la inclusión de sus tutelados en los grupos y sugirieron, entre otros aspectos, aumentar la divulgación de los talleres previos a la defensa. Conclusiones: En la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública (ENSAP) se ha logrado que los/as profesionales con grados científicos no trabajen aislados, sino que estén articulados a los grupos de investigación, con resultados favorables, lo que ha sido avalado por los/as egresados/as del programa, matriculados/as y tutores(AU)
Introduction: The insertion of PhD aspirants into research groups favors their training and work in interdisciplinary teams. Objective: To identify the contribution of research groups to the doctoral training of the doctoral program in Health Sciences. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted in the period 2018-2021. The study group consisted of graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from the doctoral program in Health Sciences taught by the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. In-depth interviews were carried out upon the basis of a guide with three topics that addressed the investigated problem situation, validated by members of the Doctoral Board. Results: The graduates recognized the contribution of them being inserted into the teams during their training and made suggestions related to the accompaniment during the process. In the case of those in training, they suggested aspects that would favor access to guidance concerning how to present and write their dissertations. The supervisors expressed their agreement with the inclusion of their protégés into the groups and recommended, among other aspects, increasing the dissemination of the workshops prior to the defense. Conclusions: At the Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública, it has been achieved that professionals with scientific degrees do not work in isolation, but in an articulated manner together with research groups, with favorable results, which has been acknowledged by graduates, enrolled participants and supervisors from that program(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Ciências da Saúde/educação , Capacitação Profissional , Educação Continuada/métodos , Estudos de Avaliação como AssuntoRESUMO
Recent technological progress is generating important disruptions, and healthcare is no stranger to them. Nursing is subject to technology change disruptions. It is important to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages technology brings with it and the changes it generates in care processes. If technology is only used to register information, it is perceived as a load that creates anxiety in the professionals. In this article, deep questions are made about the technology acceptance challenges in the nursing care processes, its implications on nursing responsibility, and the research opportunities for adopting new care humanized models result of technological development.
Recientes avances tecnológicos están generando disrupciones importantes y el cuidado de la salud no es ajena a estos cambios. La enfermería también está sujeta a disrupciones fruto del cambio tecnológico. Es importante reflexionar sobre las ventajas y desventajas que trae consigo la tecnología y los cambios que se generan en los procesos de cuidado. Si la tecnología se usa exclusivamente para el registro de información, esta se percibe como una carga que genera ansiedad en los profesionales. En este artículo se hacen cuestionamientos profundos sobre los retos de la aceptación de la tecnología en los procesos de cuidado en enfermería, las implicaciones que tiene la tecnología en la carga de cuidado en enfermería, y las oportunidades de investigación que surgen para adoptar nuevos modelos de cuidado humanizado fruto del desarrollo tecnológico.
Recentes avanços tecnológicos estão gerando disrupções importantes e o cuidado da saúde não é alheio a essas mudanças. A enfermagem também está sujeita a disrupções fruto da mudança tecnológica. É importante refletir nesse sentido sobre as vantagens e as desvantagens que trazem consigo a tecnologia e as mudanças que são geradas nos processos de cuidado. Se a tecnologia somente se usa de maneira exclusiva para registrar informações, percebe-se como uma carga que gera ansiedade nos profissionais. Neste artigo, são feitos questionamentos profundos sobre os desafios da aceitação da tecnologia nos processos de cuidado em enfermagem, as repercussões que têm na carga de cuidado em enfermagem e as oportunidades de pesquisa que surgem para adotar novos modelos de cuidado humanizado como fruto do desenvolvimento tecnológico.
Assuntos
Pessoal Administrativo , Atenção à Saúde , Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde , Ciências da Saúde , Administração HospitalarRESUMO
The following reflection is the result of a microanalysis exercise in education carried out during the Masters in Higher Education Teaching of the Universidad El Bosque, which arose from the analytical and descriptive elaboration of categories, properties, and dimensions from the following questions: what is learning? What should a professor of medicine do for the student to learn in the clinical practice site?
La siguiente reflexión es producto de un ejercicio de microanálisis en educación llevado a cabo durante la maestría en Docencia de la Educación Superior en la Universidad El Bosque. Este texto surge de la elaboración analítica y descriptiva de categorías, propiedades y dimensiones ante las siguientes preguntas: ¿qué es el aprendizaje?, ¿qué debe hacer un profesor de medicina para que el estudiante aprenda en el espacio de práctica clínica?
Assuntos
Humanos , Gestão de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação em Saúde , Ciências da Saúde , Atividades Científicas e TecnológicasRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Identificar e mapear as tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental utilizadas no ensino da saúde. MÉTODO: Será conduzida uma scoping review, seguindo o referencial do Joanna Briggs Institute, com o objetivo de responder à questão: "Quais são as tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental que têm sido utilizadas na área da saúde?". Para a identificação dos estudos, serão utilizadas bases de dados eletrônicas multidisciplinares em ciências da saúde, bem como repositórios de dissertações e teses. A identificação e o mapeamento da evidência disponível por meio deste estudo revelarão aspectos relevantes acerca das tecnologias educacionais existentes, seus impactos e desafios neste campo, o que é considerado relevante para subsidiar a melhoria da qualidade do ensino, seja na educação permanente, educação em saúde ou formação acadêmica. Espera-se que a scoping review contribua para a análise crítica das tecnologias educacionais sobre saúde mental na área da saúde, dada a potencialidade de impacto no desenvolvimento das competências educacionais.
OBJECTIVE: To identify and map educational technologies related to mental health in healthcare. METHOD: A scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines to answer the question: "What educational technologies related to mental health have been used in healthcare?". Multidisciplinary electronic databases in the health sciences and dissertation or thesis repositories will be used. The review aims to identify and map available evidence regarding educational technologies, their impact, and challenges in the field. This information is essential to improve teaching quality in continuing education, health education, or academic training. The scoping review is anticipated to contribute to a critical analysis of educational technologies focused on mental health in the health sector, given their potential impact on the development of educational competencies.
Assuntos
Saúde Mental/educação , Tecnologia Educacional , Ciências da Saúde/educaçãoRESUMO
(Figura 1) Inspirada en la labor de la enfermería en la historia de la humanidad, y entregada como obsequio para el programa de Enfermería de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga (UNAB) en la celebración de sus 15 años, la obra muestra una enfermera con indumentaria que evoca las voluntarias francocanadienses de la Primera Guerra Mundial, con algunos rasgos fenotípicos de mujer latina en combinación anacrónica con la torre (UNAB), símbolo institucional de fondo. La guerra y el conflicto armado son situaciones presentes desde el inicio de la humanidad. En una guerra todos pierden y el único triunfo lo representan las vidas que se salvan. Las enfermeras en el mundo han sido determinantes para la derrota del coloso devorador de vidas que se alimenta de la codicia sempiterna y hegemónica promotora de la violencia política de los pueblos.
(Figure 1) Inspired by the work of nursing in the history of humanity, and given as a gift for the Nursing Program of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga (UNAB) in the celebration of its 15th anniversary. The work exhibits a nurse in clothing that evokes the Franco-Canadian volunteers of the First World War, with some phenotypical features of a Latin woman in anachronistic combination with the tower (UNAB), an institutional symbol in the background. War and armed conflict are present situations since the beginning of humanity. In a war everyone loses and the only triumph is represented by the lives that are saved. Nurses in the world have been decisive for the defeat of the life-devouring colossus that feeds on the eternal greed and hegemonic promoter of the political violence of the peoples.
Assuntos
Enfermagem , Guia de Prática Clínica , Ciências da Saúde , Enfermagem Baseada em Evidências , Cuidados de EnfermagemRESUMO
Background: COVID-19 pandemic placed pressure on global health systems, healthcare providers and undergraduate students in health sciences. Students experienced change in the teaching and learning as well as the clinical context resulting in increased stress levels. Resilience assisted students to adapt and develop competencies and effective coping mechanisms. Aim: The purpose of this integrative review is to identify resilience of undergraduate students in health sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. Setting: Online platforms. Methods: An integrative review was conducted with keywords: resilience, undergraduate students, health sciences and COVID-19. Three different searches were conducted for the time frame 20202022 on the relevant electronic data bases with full text articles. A total of 1665 records were identified and 49 potentially relevant articles were identified. Screening resulted in 34 articles that were analysed using the John Hopkins critical appraisal criteria. Results: Four themes were identified: attributes of students' resilience, aspects enhancing the development of resilience, aspects hindering the development of resilience and recommendations to cultivate resilience. Conclusion: Resilience is key to withstand the challenges in the global health system. The development of resilience in undergraduate health sciences students should be prioritised to ensure cognitive adaptability, effective coping skills and sufficient support. Contribution: These findings can assist higher educational institutions to improve their undergraduate health science programs to cultivate resilient health care professionals.
Assuntos
Ciências da Saúde , Pandemias , COVID-19 , Resiliência PsicológicaRESUMO
Background. University-based research capacity development (RCD) mechanisms tend to focus on staff and postgraduate students, with few structures targeted at undergraduate students. Support for undergraduate research must be tailored to the unique requirements of research at this level, while maintaining links with relevant structures in both the RCD and teaching and learning domains. Objective. To conduct a process evaluation of the Undergraduate Research Office (URO) in the Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences at Stellenbosch University, South Africa, using RCD and characteristics of excellence in undergraduate research criteria as benchmarks. Methods. A process evaluation of URO's first 6 years was conducted using a logic model of URO's inputs, activities, and outputs. Through a retrospective document review, a descriptive analysis of URO's inputs and activities (narrative) and URO's outputs (statistical) was conducted. Results. Following a description of inputs and activities, results present URO's outputs as a measure of the uptake of these activities. From 2015 to 2020, 259 undergraduate research projects were completed. Research consultations, workshops and undergraduate presentations at the faculty's Annual Academic Day have more than doubled since URO's inception. The Undergraduate Research Ethics Committee has reviewed 243 ethics applications since 2015, with a 1 - 2-week turnaround time. A total of 134 funding applications worth ZAR705 986 have been awarded for research project, conference presentation and publication costs. Conclusion. Results show the potential impact of a formal undergraduate research support entity on the undergraduate research outputs of a Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. This article highlights elements for success for formal undergraduate research support, and identifies gaps going forward.
Assuntos
Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Ciências da Saúde , National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine, U.S., Health and Medicine Division , Atenção à SaúdeRESUMO
El presente estudio tiene como objetivo principal examinar la aplicación de la neutrosofía en el campo de las ciencias médicas, a través de una revisión bibliográfica narrativa. Se ha determinado que la neutrosofía se relaciona con áreas como la imagenología, el análisis clínico y la toma de decisiones en el diagnóstico y la gestión de la salud. La implementación de la neutrosofía en la toma de decisiones puede disminuir la probabilidad de cometer errores, tanto en aspectos administrativos como en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de enfermedades. La presencia de herramientas neutrosóficas en la tecnología médica resulta fundamental para superar dificultades y mejorar la eficiencia en la atención médica. La integración de sistemas de diagnóstico asistido por ordenador, información clínica y administrativa puede potenciar los flujos de trabajo, optimizando así la prestación de servicios médicos. La neutrosofía, al reducir la incertidumbre en la práctica médica, ofrece la posibilidad de revolucionar la forma en que se brinda atención médica. Su aplicación conlleva el potencial de transformar los procesos y mejorar la calidad de la atención, lo que implica un avance significativo en el campo de la medicina(AU)
The main objective of this study is to examine the application of neutrosophy in the field of medical sciences through a narrative literature review. It has been determined that neutrosophy is related to areas such as imaging, clinical analysis, and decision-making in diagnosis and health management. Implementing neutrosophy in decision-making can reduce the likelihood of errors, both in administrative aspects and in diagnosing and treating diseases. The presence of neutrosophic tools in medical technology is essential to overcome challenges and improve efficiency in healthcare. Integrating computer-assisted diagnosis systems, clinical and administrative information can enhance workflow, thereby optimizing the provision of medical services. By reducing uncertainty in medical practice, Neutrosophy offers the possibility to revolutionize the way healthcare is delivered. Its application has the potential to transform processes and improve the quality of care, representing a significant advancement in medicine(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Filosofia , Gestão em Saúde , Incerteza , Ciências da SaúdeRESUMO
Objetivo: Mapear o conhecimento sobre os principais desafios e as possíveis oportunidades advindas do ensino remoto emergencial durante a pandemia da COVID-19 sob a perspectiva de docentes e discentes dos cursos de ensino superior das áreas de Ciências da Saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo pautada nas reco-mendações do The Joanna Briggs Institute. Foram realizadas buscas em duas bases de dados a fim de identificar estudos primários publicados em português, inglês e espanhol, entre os anos de 2020 e 2021, das quais foram identificadas 15 publicações que abordavam o ensino remoto emergencial em cursos de ensino superior da área de saúde. Resultados: Das publicações analisadas, 73,3% eram estudos transversais. Sete dos estudos tiveram os discentes como grupo de estudo, quatro abordaram a perspectiva docente, e três trouxeram a percepção conjunta de discentes e docentes. Os principais desafios identificados foram: o cumprimento das atividades de prática clínica, o distanciamento e menor interação entre pares, aumento da carga de trabalho, dificuldade/disparidade no acesso à internet e problemas técnicos, presença de distratores dificultando foco e motivação, dificuldade de manter aten-ção nesta modalidade de ensino, qualidade do ensino, baixa adesão dos discentes, insatisfação com as atividades em grupo e dificuldades em relação ao uso do dispositivo. Como oportunidades, a flexibilidade das aulas, o uso de tecnologias interativas, economia de tempo, melhoria de interação entre os discentes e docentes, possibilidades de cooperação vencidas pela barreira física. Conclusão: Do ponto de vista de discentes e docentes, existiram inúme-ros desafios sociais, tecnológicos (acesso e conhecimento) e pedagógicos. No entanto, este contexto também trou-xe novas oportunidades, que devem ser refletidas e analisadas pela comunidade acadêmica como pontos positivos, e incorporadas estrategicamente a fim de transformar o sistema educacional. (AU)
Objective: To map the knowledge of the main challenges and possible opportunities in emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of higher education health science professors and students. Method: This scoping review was based on the recommendations of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The search was conducted in two databases to identify primary studies published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish in 2020 and 2021; 15 publications that approached emergency remote teaching in higher education programs in the field of health were identified. Results: Of the analyzed publications, 73.3% were cross-sectional studies. Seven studies comprised students in the study group; four addressed professors' perspectives; and three analyzed both students' and professors' perceptions. The following main challenges were identified: carrying out practical clinical activities, peer distancing and less interaction, increased workload, Internet access difficulties/disparities and technical problems, presence of distractors hindering focus and motivation, attention difficulties in this teaching modality, quality of teaching, low student adherence, dissatisfaction with group activities, and difficulties using devices. The opportunities included class flexibility, interactive technology use, time saving, improved student-professor interaction, cooperation possibilities otherwise impossible due to physical barriers. Conclusion: From the students' and professors' standpoint, there were countless social, technological (access and knowledge), and pedagogical challenges. On the other hand, this context also provided new opportunities, which the academic community must consider and analyze as positive aspects incorporated strategically to transform the educational system. (AU)
Assuntos
Universidades , Educação a Distância , Ciências da Saúde , Pandemias , COVID-19RESUMO
Esta coletânea é uma obra de muitas mãos e muitas referências! Seus 22 capítulos, foram organizados em 3 partes, a saber: Aproximações Conceituais; Educação Interprofissional em Saúde como estratégia de formação e prática; e Avaliação em Educação Interprofissional em saúde. Com a obra, busca-se retratar parte das experiências e das pesquisas produzidas no Instituto Saúde e Sociedade do Campus Baixada Santista da Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp/BS), no Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Educação Interprofissional em Saúde (GPEIS), nos Programas de Pós-Graduação Interdisciplinar em Ciências da Saúde (níveis Mestrado e Doutorado) e no de Ensino em Ciências da Saúde (nível Mestrado Profissional). Através da obra expressamos o compromisso com a qualidade da formação profissional e com o sistema de saúde público e universal, assim como esperamos estar colaborando com o avanço do conhecimento sobre a formação interprofissional no país.
Assuntos
Educação Continuada , Capacitação de Recursos Humanos em Saúde , Capacitação Profissional , Educação Interprofissional , Sistemas de Saúde , Estratégias de Saúde , Gestão da Qualidade Total , Ciências da SaúdeRESUMO
La estadística es uno de los pilares de la ciencia, especialmente para describir y analizar los datos, la que ha progresado exponencialmente en los últimos años. Se le debe entender como un apoyo fundamental para la toma de decisiones en las distintas disciplinas. Los análisis exploratorios son descritos como el primer paso en la estadística, buscando organizar, representar y describir los datos, pero muchas veces este proceso se vuelve complejo, siendo importante realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la matriz de datos. Es objetivo de este manuscrito describir una propuesta metodológica para la validación de bases de datos aplicada a las ciencias de la salud. Esta metodología consta de seis etapas: cuatro de ellas obligatorias y sucesivas, y las otras dos opcionales. En la literatura médica, estos procedimientos general-mente son pasados por alto; buscamos, en consecuencia, recalcar la importancia de este proceso como previo a los análisis exploratorios.
Statistics is one of the pillars of science, especially to describe and analyze data, it has progressed exponentially in recent years. Being the fundamental support for decision-making in different disciplines. Exploratory analyzes are described as the first step in statistics, seeking to organize, represent and describe the data, but many times this process becomes complex, and it is important to carry out an exhaustive review of the data matrix. The aim of this manuscript was to describe a methodological proposal for databases validation applied to health sciences. This methodology consists of 6 stages, 4 of them compulsory and successive, and the other two, optional. In the literature these procedures are generally overlooked, our purpose is thus to emphasize the importance of this process prior to exploratory analyzes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bioestatística/métodos , Bases de Dados como Assunto , Ciências da Saúde , Confiabilidade dos DadosRESUMO
Introducción: La formación doctoral recaba relaciones internas entre los escenarios científicos y académicos. Objetivo: Exponer la propuesta de articulación de las maestrías y especialidades con el proceso de formación doctoral en la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo fenomenológico, en el que participaron doctores de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública con implicación en la formación doctoral de otras formas académicas y graduados. Se realizó un grupo de discusión mediante un foro virtual, donde se discutió la necesidad de contar con un plan de acción para la articulación, así como su conformación definitiva. Resultados: Las voces apoyaron la necesidad de contar con dicha articulación y emitieron criterios que permitieron el perfeccionamiento de la propuesta sometida a debate. Conclusiones: La articulación especialidad-maestría-doctorado de la Escuela Nacional de Salud Pública garantiza el involucramiento de los actores implicados en su ejecución y permite avizorar los logros que se propone en cuanto al fortalecimiento de la formación doctoral de la institución, desde sus propias formas académicas. Deberá favorecer el tránsito rápido y exitoso de un mayor número de profesionales hacia la formación doctoral en ciencias de la salud. Sus presupuestos, propósitos, acciones y responsables responden a las circunstancias en que esta propuesta surge y a las necesidades actuales, lo cual no limita su perfeccionamiento continuo y necesario(AU)
Introduction: Doctoral training comprises internal relationships between scientific and academic scenarios. Objective: To show a proposal for articulating the master's program and specialties with the doctoral training process of the National School of Public Health. Methods: A qualitative and phenomenological study was carried out, with the participation of doctors from the National School of Public Health involved in the doctoral training of other academic modalities and graduates. A discussion group was held through a virtual forum, where the need for an articulation action plan was discussed, as well as its definitive creation. Results: The speaking participants supported the need to have such articulation and issued criteria that allowed the improvement of the proposal submitted for discussion. Conclusions: The specialty-master's program-doctorate program articulation of the National School of Public Health guarantees that actors be involved in its implementation and makes it possible to foresee the proposed achievements in terms of strengthening the institution's doctoral training, based on its own academic modalities. It should favor the rapid and successful transition of a greater number of professionals towards doctoral training in health sciences. Its foundations, purposes, actions and responsible actors respond to the circumstances in which this proposal arises, as well as to the current needs, which does not limit its continuous and necessary improvement(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Logro , Especialização , Ciências da Saúde , Capacitação Profissional , Tutoria , Instituições Acadêmicas , Faculdades de Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
Introducción: Para su desarrollo investigativo, los estudiantes de pregrado cuentan con órganos de difusión propios: las revistas científicas estudiantiles. Los actores de sus equipos editoriales son, en su mayoría, alumnos con gran prestigio investigativo. Objetivo: Caracterizar el desempeño de los estudiantes de medicina en la gestión editorial de revistas científicas sobre ciencias de la salud. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y retrospectivo de corte transversal. El universo quedó conformado por 39 estudiantes; no se aplicó técnica de muestreo. Se analizaron las variables: edad, sexo, año académico, carrera, centro de formación superior, revistas en ciencias de la salud, función que desempeña dentro del equipo editorial, y tipos de artículos que maneja según función y preferencia. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, con una significación de p < 0,05. Resultados: Predominaron el sexo masculino, las personas con 21 y 22 años, y el cuarto año y la carrera de medicina. La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Cienfuegos contó con 12 estudiantes. Se destacó la revista EsTuSalud; además, la función de revisor. Prevalecieron los artículos de revisión según función; y, de preferencia, los originales. Conclusiones: Se cuenta con representación de los diferentes años académicos, pertenecientes o no a la sede de la revista. Esta cualidad ha permitido hacer frente al creciente volumen de información y, a la vez, asumir diferentes funciones dentro de la gestión editorial(AU)
Introduction: For their research development, undergraduate students have their own dissemination bodies: student scientific journals. Most of the members of their editorial teams are students with great research prestige. Objective: To characterize the performance of medical students in the editorial management of scientific journals on health sciences. Methods: An observational, descriptive and retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. The study universe consisted of 39 students; no sampling technique was applied. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, academic year, major, higher education center, health sciences journals, role played within the editorial team, and types of articles handled according to role and preference. Descriptive statistics were used, with a significance of P < 0.05. Results: The male sex, people aged 21 and 22 years old, as well as the fourth academic year and the medicine major, were predominant. The University of Medical Sciences of Cienfuegos had twelve students. The journal EsTuSalud was remarkable, together with the role of reviewer. According to function and preference, there was a prevalence of review and original articles, respectively. Conclusions: There is representation from different academic years, belonging or not to the journal's headquarters. This quality has permitted to cope with the growing volume of information and, at the same time, to assume different functions as part of the editorial management process(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Artigo de Revista , Ciências da Saúde/educação , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudo ObservacionalRESUMO
Introducción. La UNESCO define la bioética como el estudio sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinario, para resolver los problemas éticos planteados por la medicina, las ciencias sociales y de la vida, comprendiendo lo relativo a los adelantos científicos aplicados a seres humanos y su relación con la biósfera. La UNESCO, asistida por un comité internacional de expertos, presentó en el 2016 el plan de estudios básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", orientado a fortalecer su enseñanza en ambientes universitarios. El objetivoprincipal de este manuscrito fue identificar los referentes conceptuales y los esfuerzos multilaterales para la inclusión de la bioética en los currículos, señalando su pertinencia para el mejoramiento continuo, el fortalecimiento de la enseñanza y la investigación en las ciencias biomédicas. Temas de reflexión. Referentes conceptuales vigentes, esfuerzos multilaterales en la enseñanza de la bioética, política nacional de ética de la investigación, bioética e integridad científica. Conclusiones. La bioética, como ciencia de la supervivencia, es un pilar fundamental para la práctica de las ciencias biomédicas. Es evidente la necesidad de formar y preparar de manera adecuada a los futuros profesionales, líderes de opinión, académicos, investigadores, políticos y tomadores de decisiones en aspectos bioéticos, con el propósito de mejorar y fortalecer la formulación de referentes bioéticos en la práctica biomédica y la investigación en ciencias de la salud.
Introduction. UNESCO defines bioethics as the systematic, pluralist, and interdisciplinary study to resolve the ethical problems posed by medicine, social sciences, and life, understanding matters related to scientific progress applied to human beings and their relationship with the biosphere. In 2016, UNESCO, aided by an international committee of experts, presented "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", aimed at strengthening its teaching in universities environment. The main objective of this manuscript was to identify the conceptual references and multilateral efforts for the inclusion of bioethics in curricula, indicating their relevance for continuous improvement, strengthening of teaching, and research in biomedical sciences. Topics of reflection. Current conceptual references, multilateral efforts in bioethics teaching, national research ethics, bioethics, and scientific integrity policy. Conclusions. Bioethics, as a survival science, is a fundamental pillar for the practice of biomedical sciences. The need to educate and adequately prepare future professionals, opinion leaders, academics, researchers, politicians, and decision makers in aspects of bioethics is obvious, in order to improve and strengthen the formulation of bioethical references in biomedical practice and research in healthcare sciences
Introdução. A UNESCO define bioética como o estudo sistemático, pluralista e interdisciplinar para resolver os problemas éticos colocados pela medicina, ciências sociais e da vida, incluindo questões relacionadas aos avanços científicos aplicados ao ser humano e sua relação com a biosfera. A UNESCO, auxiliada por um comitê internacional de especialistas, apresentou em 2016 o currículo básico de bioética "The Bioethics Core Curriculum", visando fortalecer seu ensino em ambientes universitários. O objetivo principal deste manuscrito foi identificar as referências conceituais e os esforços multilaterais para a inclusão da bioética nos currículos, apontando sua relevância para a melhoria contínua, fortalecimento do ensino e da pesquisa em ciências biomédicas. Tópicos de reflexão. Referências conceituais atuais, esforços multilaterais no ensino de bioética, política nacional de ética em pesquisa, bioética e integridade científica. Conclusões. A bioética, como ciência da sobrevivência, é um pilar fundamental para a prática das ciências biomédicas. Fica evidente a necessidade de formar e preparar adequadamente futuros profissionais, formadores de opinião, acadêmicos, pesquisadores, políticos e tomadores de decisão em aspectos bioéticos, com o objetivo de melhorar e fortalecer a formulação de referências bioéticas na prática biomédica e na pesquisa em ciências da saúde.
Assuntos
Bioética , Faculdades de Medicina , Ensino , Educação , Ciências da SaúdeRESUMO
A partir do uso da bibliometria como estratégia de mensuração de índices de pesquisa e produtividade, o estudo aqui apresentado analisou a produção científica brasileira sobre covid-19 na Scopus (2019-2021) e as relações das publicações de acordo com a perspectiva bourdieusiana. O referencial teórico incluiu buscar e revisitar os conceitos de Pierre Bourdieu de habitus, campo científico e capital simbólico e os de outros autores que dialogam com a perspectiva bourdieusiana. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualiquanti, exploratória, que buscou fontes de informações e documentos para responder aos questionamentos dos pesquisadores. Os resultados da investigação suscitaram importantes diagnósticos observacionais, dentre os quais o fato de 90% das universidades com maior número de publicações sobre a temática relativa à covid-19 na Scopus no período analisado serem públicas. Avalia-se que, mesmo com o corte de recursos e o enfraquecimento das instituições de pesquisa nacional, a área das ciências da saúde apresenta um crescimento significativo de estudos, realizando pesquisas de amplo interesse na atualidade.
Using bibliometrics as a strategy to measure research and productivity indexes, the study presented in this article analyzed the Brazilian scientific production about covid-19 in Scopus (2019-2021) and the relationships of those publications from the Bourdieusian perspective. The theoretical framework consisted in seeking and reviewing Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of habitus, scientific field and symbolic capital and concepts used by other authors who dialogue with the Bourdieusian perspective. It is a quali-quantitative exploratory research which sought sources of information and documents to answer the researchers' questions. The results of the investigation led to important observational discoveries, among others that 90% of the universities with the highest number of publications about covid-19 found in Scopus concerning the analyzed period by us are public universities. It is estimated that even with the cuts in government resources and the weakening of national research institutions, the area of health sciences has shown significant growth in studies, carrying out researches which have a great importance today.
Utilizando la bibliometría como estrategia para medir índices de investigación y productividad, el estudio presentado aquí analizó la producción científica brasileña sobre covid-19 en Scopus (2019-2021) y las relaciones de las publicaciones de acuerdo con la perspectiva bourdieusiana. El marco teórico ha consistido en buscar y revisar los conceptos de habitus, campo científico y capital simbólico de Pierre Bourdieu y las concepciones de otros autores que dialogan con la perspectiva bourdieusiana. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, cuantitativa y cualitativa, que buscó fuentes de informaciones y documentos para responder a las preguntas de los investigadores. Los resultados de la investigación condujeron a importantes descubiertas observacionales, entre ellas el hecho de que 90% de las universidades con mayor número de publicaciones sobre el tema de la covid-19 en Scopus en el período analizado por nosostros son públicas. Se estima que aunque haya habido reducción de recursos por el Gobierno y debilitamiento de las instituciones nacionales de investigación, el área de ciencias de la salud ha mostrado un crecimiento significativo de estudios, desarrollando investigaciones de mucho interés en la actualidad.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bibliometria , Base de Dados , Ciências da Saúde , Atividades Científicas e Tecnológicas , COVID-19 , Publicações , Coleta de Dados , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Dr. Pérez Cristiá was the Head and Director General of Cuba's Center for State Control of Medicines and Medical Devices (CECMED) from 2000 until his passing in June, 2020. Professional background Dr. Pérez Cristiá was a research pharmacologist and toxicologist by training, obtaining academic merit recognition by the Cuban Academy of Sciences. He held several positions as researcher and professor at the University of Medicine in Havana, Cuba and at the National University of Carabobo in Valencia, Venezuela. He also held various scientific appointments as President of the Cuban National Society of Toxicology, as honorary founding member of the National Toxicology Commission of Ecuador, permanent member of the General Council of Scientific Degrees in Health Sciences at the National Commission of Scientific Degrees, Ministry of Higher Education, Cuba. Dr. Pérez Cristiá was also appointed member of the MEDICC's Joint Academic Council. Apart from being a prominent scientist in his native Cuba, Dr. Pérez Cristiá became a referent in public health systems and policy both in Cuba and across the LATAM region. The following quote by Dr. C. William Keck, MEDICC's Executive Director summarizes Dr. Pérez Cristiá' s unanimous contribution to Cuba's public healthcare system: "Dr. Pérez Cristiá was an important leader as Cuba, a small and resource-scarce country, became a global biotech powerhouse and biotechnology evolved as a key component of Cuba's public health system that provides universal health care for its citizens. Safe and effective medicines and technologies to all, especially the most vulnerable, is one of the country's more important public health strategies, in which, Dr. Pérez Cristiá was a key decision maker" 1 As a visionary and leader in regulatory systems and policy in Cuba, during his 21 years as Head and Director General of the CECMED, Dr. Pérez Cristiá implemented the culture and knowledge of regulatory sciences as a key component of the institution's core values and mission. Since, regulatory sciences, have become strategic tools to support the dialogue between the Cuban health agency regulators and the key Cuban stakeholders from the biotechnology industry, research and development institutions, public health advocates, among other relevant players impacting healthcare in Cuba.2 Dr. Pérez-Cristiá was a charismatic individual and great communicator. One of his personal dreams and professional desire was to keep motivating the regulatory professional and experts from Cuba and the Latin America so as to be fully engaged and inspired. Dr. Pérez Cristiá aimed for every regulatory professional to comprehend and internalize the goals and values of regulatory sciences. To this effect, Dr. Pérez Cristiá was constantly fostering collaborations within his team, as well as developing strategic regulatory networks at the regional Latin American level and globally. His professional vision was always linked the present and the future, respecting everyone's knowledge and opinions. CECMED's key milestones and accomplishments Under Dr. Pérez's leadership, the CECMED gained recognition from the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) as one of the leading National Reference Authorities (NRA's) in the Latin American region for Medicines and Biologics. The PAHO classification system, granted CECMED the Level 4 in 2010 (highest classification).3 Below, is a list of other key regulatory milestones: The CECMED served as General Coordinator of the PAHO Regional National Regulatory Authorities (NRA's) for two consecutive mandates (2014 - 2016). The CECMED served as General Coordinator of the National Center for the Regulation of Medicines of the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Americas (ALBAMED) (2009 - 2010). CECMED became a WHO National Regulatory Reference Center for Vaccines (2000). CECMED became Observer of the International Council Harmonization (ICH) (2016). CECMED became Associate Member of the International Coalition of Medicines Regulatory Authorities (ICMRA) (2021). In addition to the above accomplishments, throughout the past three decades, the CECMED's Quality Management System was also certified in several occasions by the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification (AENOR) and the National Office of Standardization, becoming an IQnet member for the past 10 years.3 Furthermore, in September 2004 the CECMED became a member of the Developing Nations Vaccine Regulators' Network (DCVRN). The CECMED was able to become a network member as the Agency fulfilled the critical regulatory functions required by WHO, also meeting the criteria of having at least one prequalified vaccine manufacturer for supply via a United Nations agency. Apart from the above, the CECMED has gained recognition from all of the LATAM regional Regulatory Authorities and global Regulatory Agencies, such as Health Canada, US-FDA, The National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) of China, The Russian Regulatory Agency, Swiss Medic, the Paul Ehrlich Institute, among other. The CECMED's Office of Innovation A paramount contribution by Dr. Pérez Cristiá to public health and access to biopharmaceutical innovation in Cuba, (prospectively across the LATAM region) has been the creation of the CECMED's Office of Innovation in October, 2019. First of its kind in the Latin American region, the CECMED's Office of Innovation was built on a comprehensive regulatory framework with the aim to accelerate innovation enabling successful transition of novel products from research and development to clinical research, granting patients' early access to innovative medicines.4 This initiative has been propelled by the speed and complexity of new discoveries challenging both capacities and creative thinking of the Cuban regulatory authority, coupled with the change from a rigid, one-size fits all regulatory system to a more adaptive and flexible model (without compromising rigor) becoming an alternative, valuable and innovative regulatory tool. LATAM Endowed Chair in Regulatory Sciences Another key contribution linked to Dr. Pérez Cristiá's vision as a regulatory leader in the LATAM region has been the creation of a specialized training program in Regulatory Sciences for the regional Regulatory professional's community. Dr. Pérez Cristiá envisioned the creation of an Endowed Chair collaborating with renowned academic institutions in Cuba and across the Latin American region. Basically, the development of a professional training program to convey advanced training and expertise in drug regulation across the LATAM region, granting access to an international, multidisciplinary academic curriculum aimed at improving professional regulatory skills, teaching regulatory sciences as an imbedded culture based on an undergraduate and graduate curriculum. Furthermore, the Endowed Chair would allow access to expand the scope of regulatory research through publications, promoting joint academic initiatives as well as providing opportunities to collaborate with other institutions and regulatory agencies (both regional and global). Acknowledgements The authors of this tribute, are honored to have shared the contributions and legacy of Dr. Perez-Cristiá, Head and Director of the Cuban Regulatory Authority (CECMED) during his 20 years of tenure. Dr. Perez Cristia's commitment, professional legacy and teachings will permanently prevail, as he was unanimously regarded as a regulatory referent in public health in Cuba, across the Latin American region and globally.