Sexual motivation and performance in sexual naïve and experienced rats treated with ivermectin: an ultrasonic vocalization study / Motivação e desempenho sexual em ratos com e sem experiência sexual tratados com ivermectina: um estudo da vocalização ultrassônica

In mammals, ivermectin acts as a GABAA receptor agonist and stimulates GABA release. Previous studies showed that ivermectin (IVM) reduces sexual performance, impairing the latency to the first mount and intromission. These parameters are usually considered motivational parameters of sexual behavior. However, IVM increases GABAergic activity leading to motor incoordination. Thus, it is reasonable to propose that IVM affects sexual performance via motor incoordination pathways. The present study analyzed ultrasonic vocalization in rats to verify whether IVM impairs sexual behavior via motivational mechanisms or motor impairment. Because sexual experience attenuates the impairment of motor performance, rats with sexual experience were also studied. Sexually naive and experienced rats were administered a therapeutic IVM dose and saline. The rats were exposed to receptive females, and the latency to the first mount was evaluated, followed by the 50-kHz USV test. IVM treatment in naïve rats increased the latency to first to mount relative to Saline naïve rats, while no differences were observed between saline and experienced rats. In naïve-IVM rats, a reduced frequency and total calls and increased mean time of calls occur relative to SAL-naïve rats. Experienced IVM rats did not show differences in the frequency, mean, and maximal calls close to Saline experienced rats. However, an increase in the total calls and the dominant frequency of calls were observed in IVM-experienced rats compared to Saline experienced rats. A negative and positive correlation occurred between the latency to the first mount and USVs in groups with and without ivermectin exposure. Hence, we propose that ivermectin increased the sexual motivation of rats exposed to a female in estrous based in USVs despite an increased latency to the first mount that occurred. The increased latency to the first mount resulted from motor incoordination, as previously observed and proposed by our group.(AU)

Em mamíferos, a ivermectina (IVM) atua como agonista do receptor GABAA e estimula a liberação de GABA. Estudos anteriores mostraram que a IVM reduz o desempenho sexual, prejudicando a latência para a primeira monta e intromissão. Esses parâmetros são geralmente considerados parâmetros motivacionais do comportamento sexual. Por outro lado, a IVM aumenta a atividade GABAérgica levando à incoordenação motora. Assim, é possível que a IVM afete o desempenho sexual devido a um impedimento motor. O presente estudo analisou a vocalização ultrassônica em ratos para verificar se a IVM prejudica o comportamento sexual via mecanismos motivacionais ou comprometimento motor. Uma vez que a experiência sexual atenua o comprometimento do desempenho motor, também foram estudados ratos com experiência sexual. Ratos sexualmente inexperientes e experientes foram administrados com uma dose terapêutica de IVM ou solução salina IVM. Os ratos foram expostos a fêmeas receptivas e foi avaliada a latência para a primeira monta, seguida do teste de vocalização ultrassônica (USV) de 50 kHz. O tratamento com IVM em ratos inexperientes aumentou a latência para a primeira monta em relação a ratos inexperientes tratados com solução salina, enquanto não foram observadas diferenças entre ratos experientes tratados com IVM e solução salina. Em ratos inexperientes tratados com IVM ocorreu redução da frequência e total de USVs, bem como aumento do tempo médio de USVs em relação aos ratos sem experiência. Ratos experientes tratados com IVM não mostraram diferenças na frequência, média e máxima das USVs em relação aos ratos experientes tratados com solução salina; no entanto, observou-se aumento no total de USVs e na frequência dominante de USVS em ratos experientes tratados com IVM comparados aos experientes tratados com solução salina. Observou-se correlação negativa e positiva entre a latência para a primeira monta e USVs nos grupos sem e com experiência tratados com IVM, respectivamente. Assim, propomos que a IVM aumentou a motivação sexual de ratos expostos a uma fêmea em estro com base em USVs, apesar de apresentar aumento na latência para a primeira monta. O aumento da latência para a primeira monta foi atribuída à incoordenação motora, conforme observado anteriormente e proposto por nosso grupo.(AU)

Effect of Wubi Shanyao pills on sexual function in mice with kidney-yang-deficiency induced by hydrocortisone / 浙江大学学报·医学版

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of Chinese medicine Wubi Shanyao pills on sexual function of kidney-yang-deficiency mice induced by hydrocortisone.@*METHODS@#Male Kunming mice were injected with hydrocortisone for 10 days to prepare the kidney-yang-deficiency model, and administrated with Wubi Shanyao pills (0.91, 1.82, 2.73 g/kg) for 9 weeks. The general behaviors of mice (autonomous activity, grasping power) were observed; sexual behaviors (capture, straddle, ejaculation frequency and incubation period) of mice were detected by mating experiment. The serum levels of cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E@*RESULTS@#Wubi Shanyao pills increased the number of independent activities, grasping power, capture frequency of model mice and shortened the capture latency (all @*CONCLUSIONS@#Wubi Shanyao pills can improve the sexual function of mice with kidney-yang-deficiency induced by hydrocortisone, which may be related to regulating the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis), promoting the proliferation of testicular cells, and inhibiting cell apoptosis.

Seminal parameters and sexual behavior on farm rabbits provided with a diet supplemented with canola oil at the start of puberty / Parámetros seminales y conducta sexual en conejos de granja con dieta suplementada con aceite de canola al inicio de la pubertad

SUMMARY: In order to evaluate the effect on sexual behavior and spermatic parameters of white New Zealand rabbits, at the onset of puberty, they were fed a standard diet supplemented with canola oil (obesogenic). Two groups were formed; one of which received daily 180 g of a standard commercial diet supplemented with 13 ml of canola oil during 12 weeks, while the second group (control) were fed daily 180 g of only the standard commercial diet. Starting at 20-weeks of age, seminal volume, en masse and individual sperm motility, and sperm concentration per mm3 were measured from each individual, as well as the behaviors olfactory exploration, chinning, and first and second attempt at mounting were assessed. No significant differences were found between groups in terms of seminal volume, and en masse and individual sperm motility count and percentage (P>0.05). In relation to sexual behavior, the group fed with supplemental canola oil showed reduced the response time to females in the sexual behaviors of chinning, olfactory exploration, and first and second attempt at mounting when compared to the control group (P<0.01). The data indicate that the addition of canola oil to a standard rabbit diet at the start of puberty and continued for 12 weeks increases the body mass index and reduces the response time in sexual behaviors such as olfactory exploration, chinning, and second attempt at mounting when interacting with female stimulus. Nevertheless, the seminal parameters did not show any modification. Other studies are needed to show the benefits or disadvantages of the addition of varying inclusion percentages of other vegetable oils, to evaluate their effects on reproductive efficiency in breeder male rabbits.

RESUMEN: Con el propósito de evaluar en conejos Nueva Zelanda blanca de granja el efecto de una dieta estándar suplementada con aceite de canola (obesogénica) sobre el comportamiento sexual y los parámetros espermáticos al inicio de la pubertad, se formaron dos grupos. Un grupo recibió una dieta consistente de 180 g al día de una dieta estándar comercial adicionada con 13 ml de aceite de canola durante 12 semanas y al otro grupo (testigo) se le suministró 180 g por día de la misma dieta estándar sin aceite de canola. A partir de las 20 semanas de edad en cada individuo se midió el volumen seminal, la motilidad espermática en masa e individual, la concentración espermática por mm3 y se evaluaron la conducta de: exploración olfatoria, frotamiento del mentón (Chinning), primer intento de monta y segundo intento de monta. En las variables volumen seminal, conteo y porcentaje de motilidad espermática en masa e individual no hubo diferencia significativa entre ambos grupos (P>0,05). Con respecto al comportamiento sexual, el grupo suplementado con aceite vegetal presentó menor tiempo de respuesta a la hembra estímulo en las conductas de frotamiento del mentón, exploración olfatoria y segundo intento de monta con respecto al grupo testigo (P<0,01). Los datos obtenidos indican que la adición de aceite de canola a la dieta estándar de conejos al inicio de la pubertad durante 12 semanas aumenta el índice de masa corporal de los individuos y disminuye el tiempo de respuesta en las conductas de exploración olfatoria, de frotamiento del mentón y de segundo intento de monta al interaccionar con la hembra estímulo. Sin embargo, no modificó los parámetros seminales evaluados. Es necesario realizar otros estudios con el fin de evaluar en conejos sementales el beneficio o desventaja sobre su eficiencia reproductiva al utilizar diferentes porcentajes de inclusión en la dieta de otros aceites vegetales.

The effects of maternal low protein and estrogen on sexual behavior and testicular maturation in male rats / Efectos de niveles maternos bajos de estrógeno y proteína sobre el comportamiento sexual y maduración testicular en ratas macho

In recent years, disorders related to the development and function of the male reproductive tract has increased, thus generating a surprising decrease in semen volume and sperm count. We examined the effects of low protein and estrogen on sexual behavior and testicular maturation in male rats. We also examined FSH, LH and testosterone levels and histological damage of testis tissue. The male rats were subjected to standard long-term treatment with estradiol by oral and paranteral delivery. The number of mounts, copulatory efficiency and ejaculation latencies for the paranteral protein diet (PPD) group was significantly lower than those in a group nourished with a low protein diet (LPD) and oral protein diet (OPD) groups (P<0.05). Testes and epididymis sections were examined by four grades, according to the level of damage of epithelium in the testes and epididymis. Higher histological damage was also detected in the PPD group. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that unwanted estrogen effects were higher in the paranteral administered group on examination of sexual behavior and histological damage of epithelium in the testes and epididymis of male rats.

En los últimos años, los trastornos relacionados con el desarrollo y la función del tracto reproductivo masculino han aumentado, lo que genera una disminución importante en el volumen de semen y el conteo de espermatozoides. Se examinaron los efectos de niveles bajos en proteínas y estrógeno en el comportamiento sexual y la maduración testicular en ratas macho. También se examinaron FSH, LH y los niveles de testosterona y el daño histológico de tejido testicular. Las ratas macho fueron sometidas al tratamiento y administración estándar a largo plazo con estradiol por vias oral y parenteral. El número de montajes, eficiencia de copulación y latencias de eyaculación para el grupo de dieta de proteínas parenteral (DPP) fue significativamente menor que los del grupo con una dieta baja en proteínas (PBD) y de proteína oral baja (POB) grupos (P<0,05). Fueron examinados los testículos y epidídimo de acuerdo a cuatro grados, en relación al nivel de daño del epitelio en los testículos y epidídimo. También se detectó un mayor daño histológico en el grupo DPP. En conclusión, se confirma que los efectos no deseados del estrógeno fueron mayores en el grupo con administración parenteral en el examen de conducta sexual y en el daño histológico del epitelio en los testículos y el epidídimo de ratas macho.

Reproductive physiology, and physical and sexual development of female offspring born to diabetic dams / Desenvolvimento físico, sexual e fisiologia reprodutiva da prole feminina de ratas diabéticas

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to evaluate physical and sexual development and reproductive physiology in female rat offspring that developed in hyperglycemia conditions in utero and during lactation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Maternal diabetes was induced in female rats by a single IV injection of streptozotocin before mating. Female offspring development was evaluated by means of the following parameters: physical development; age of vaginal opening and first estrus; weight and histological evaluation of uterus and ovaries; duration of the estrous cycle, sexual behavior, and fertility after natural mating. RESULTS: In the female offspring, maternal diabetes caused delays in initial physical development; diminution in ovary weight and number of follicles; and inferior reproductive performance compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The exposure to hyperglycemia in uterus and during lactation caused delays in physical and sexual development, and affected the reproductive physiology of female rats negatively.

OBJETIVOS: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento físico e sexual e a fisiologia reprodutiva de ratas que se desenvolveram em condições hiperglicêmicas in utero e lactação. MATERIAIS E METODOS: Para induzir o diabetes nas ratas, foi utilizada estreptozotocina em dose única via intravenosa antes do acasalamento. A prole feminina foi avaliada por meio dos seguintes parâmetros: o desenvolvimento físico; a idade de abertura vaginal e do primeiro estro, peso e avaliação histológica do útero e ovários; a duração do ciclo estral, o comportamento sexual e a fertilidade após acasalamentos naturais. RESULTADOS: O diabetes materno provocou, na prole feminina, retardo no desenvolvimento físico; diminuição do peso dos ovários e do número de folículos; a performance reprodutiva foi inferior à do grupo controle. CONCLUSÕES: Concluiu-se que a exposição aos meios intrauterino e lactacional hiperglicêmicos provocou retardo no desenvolvimento físico e sexual e prejudicou a fisiologia reprodutiva de ratas.

Induction of complete courtship ritual in Amblyomma cajennense using 2,6-dichlorophenol at female-equivalent quantities / Indução dos comportamentos de cortejo em Amblyomma cajennense pelo 2,6-diclorofenol em quantidades equivalentes às das fêmeas

In order to clarify the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in the courtship of Amblyomma cajennense, sexually mature males that had previously fed on rabbits were tested in bioassays. The males were released onto dummies treated with whole female extract or synthetic 2,6-DCP at a concentration of two female equivalents, or with hexane (control), and their responses were observed. In the presence of both the extract and 2,6-DCP, excitation was observed among the males, expressed in the form of touching and probing the dummy, and mounting occurred readily. The percentages of mounting (73 percent) and tipping over (60 percent) were equal in the two treatments and higher than in the control group (27 and 20 percent, respectively). Relatively short durations of mounting were recorded, and these were statistically similar in all treatments. Almost all instances of mounting resulted in tipping-over behavior. A few isolated cases of males that went directly to ventral positioning without mounting were observed. It was confirmed that 2,6-DCP alone is capable of mediation of mounting behavior in A. cajennense.

Visando elucidar o papel do 2,6-diclorofenol (2,6-DCF) no cortejo de Amblyomma cajennense, machos sexualmente maduros, previamente alimentados em coelhos, foram avaliados em testes biológicos. Os machos foram liberados sobre manequins tratados com um extrato de fêmeas, ou com 2,6-DCF sintético na concentração equivalente a duas fêmeas, ou com hexano (controle), e suas respostas foram observadas. Na presença do extrato e do 2,6-DCF, a excitação dos machos foi expressa na forma de toques e sondagens, e a monta ocorreu rapidamente. As porcentagens de respostas observadas nos dois tratamentos foram iguais, sendo a monta (73 por cento) e retorno na superfície ventral (60 por cento) mais altos que no controle (27 e 20 por cento, respectivamente). Foram observados períodos de monta relativamente curtos, sendo esses estatisticamente iguais em todos os tratamentos, e quase todos resultando em posicionamento ventral. Alguns casos isolados de posicionamento ventral sem monta foram observados. Foi confirmado que o 2,6-DCP sozinho é capaz de mediar o comportamento de monta de A. cajennense.

effect of amantadine on clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction in male rats

Several studies have reported that Clomipramine has the ability to suppress male rat sexual behavior. Literature indicates that the activation of brain D2 receptors causes facilitation of penile erection, and a number of reports have indicated dopamine's involvement in sexual function. Hence this study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Amantadine, a dopamine agonists on the Clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction. The study subjects involved a total of 48 males and 48 females, 4 months old Sprague-Dawley albino rats, all housed in a group of six males and females separately in plexi glass cages in an acclimatized colony room [25 +/- 0.5[degree sign]C] maintained on a 12/12 hr light/dark cycle. The male rats were randomly divided into four groups of 12 male rats each. Group I served as controls. Group II, III, and IV were treated with Amantadine [9 mg/kg body weight, p.o] 30 min, prior to the treatment with 13.5 mg/kg, 27 mg/Kg and 54 mg/Kg bodyweight p.o of Clomipramine respectively for 60 days. The control group received vehicle 1 ml / kg p.o. The sexual behavior of the male rats was observed to determine the following parameters: mount latency, intromission latency, ejaculation latency, post ejaculatory pause, and intromission frequency. As well as the sexual behavior; serum testosterone and histopathology of the testes were also investigated in this study. The results indicate that Amantadine in all aspects failed to antagonize Clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction in male rats. Even the sexual competence of male rats treated with 1/2 therapeutic dose [TD] of Clomipramine failed to regain their sexual competence in the presence of Amantadine. Testicular damage and decline in testosterone levels continued in the presence of Amantadine. Overall, the results suggest that Amantadine could not be a safe antidote to antagonize Clomipramine induced sexual dysfunction

Effect of the chitin synthesis inhibitor triflumuron on the development, viability and reproduction of Aedes aegypti

The control of Aedes aegypti is impaired due to the development of resistance to chemical insecticides. Insect Growth Regulators (IGR) exhibit distinct mechanisms of action and are considered potential vector control alternatives. Studies regarding the effects of sublethal IGR doses on the viability of resulting adults will contribute to eval-uating their impact in the field. We analyzed several aspects of Ae. aegypti adults surviving exposure to a partially lethal dose of triflumuron, a chitin synthesis inhibitor. A highly significant difference in the proportion of males and females was noted in the triflumuron-exposed group (65.0 percent males) compared to the controls (50.2 percent males). Triflumuron affected adult longevity, particularly for females; after 16 days, only 29.2 percent of males and 13.8 percent of females were alive, in contrast with 94 percent survival of the control mosquitoes. The locomotor activity was reduced and the blood-feeding ability of the treated females was also affected (90.4 percent and 48.4 percent of the control and triflumuron-exposed females, respectively, successfully ingested blood). Triflumuron-surviving females ingested roughly 30 percent less blood and laid 25 percent fewer eggs than the control females. The treated males and females exhibited a diminished ability to copulate, resulting in less viable eggs.

More about the role of 2,6-dichlorophenol in tick courtship: identification and olfactometer bioassay in Amblyomma cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus

This study aimed to identify 2,6-dichlorophenol (2,6-DCP) in Amblyomma cajennense and to evaluate its role in A. cajennense and Rhipicephalus sanguineus courtship. Hexanic extract from attractive females was purified by solid phase extraction and the phenol was identified by the single ion monitoring method using GC/MS. In an olfactometer, the responses of A. cajennense and R. sanguineus males to females, control rubber septa or rubber septa impregnated with 2,6-DCP at 50, 500, and 5000 ng, respectively, were studied. 2,6-DCP was identified in A. cajennense extract and the males oriented themselves toward the concentration of 500 ng. These septa and the females were recognized as copula partners. The septa treated with 2,6-DCP did not attract and were not even recognized by the R. sanguineus males, whereas the females were recognized. Due to the presence of 2,6-DCP in A. cajennense and the results of biological bioassays, it was concluded that this compound acts as an attractant and mounting sex pheromone in this tick, but it does not play any role in R. sanguineus courtship.

Free serum testosterone level in male rats treated with tribulus alatus extracts

OBJECTIVE: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Tribulus alatus extracts on free serum testosterone in male rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Free serum testosterone level was measured in male rats treated with alcoholic extracts of the aerial part without fruits, fruits of Tribulus alatus and their fractions. RESULTS: All tested extracts showed significant increase in the level of free serum testosterone when compared to that of corresponding control, p < 0.05. Statistical comparison of all groups revealed that the maximum level was found in groups treated with chloroformic and ethanolic fractions of fruits extract. CONCLUSION: Tribulus alatus extract appears to possess aphrodisiac activity due to its androgen increasing property.

Effect of Kaempferia parviflora Wall. ex. Baker on sexual activity of male rats and its toxicity.

Kaempferia parviflora Wall. Ex. Baker (Krachaidum) has long been used among Thai men for sexual enhancement. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of K. parviflora ethanolic extract on the sexual behavior of male rats and its toxicity. The experiment was divided into three groups of rats given K. parviflora extract at doses of 60, 120, and 240 mg/kg BW for 60 days, whilst a control group received distilled water at 1 ml/day per oral. The results showed that all groups of male rats had significantly higher courtship behavior during the first 10-minute period of observation than in the 2nd and 3rd 10-minute periods, except those receiving the highest dose of K. parviflora. They revealed the same amount of courtship behavior throughout a whole 30-minute period, which was significantly lower than the control group. There was no significant difference between treated and control groups in other sexual behaviors; mount frequency (MF), intromission frequency (IF), mount latency (ML), or intromission latency (IL). Toxicological study revealed no significant difference of hemoglobin, WBC or differential cell count. All dosages had no effect on kidney and liver function, according to the normal values of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Crea), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Nevertheless, the histopathological study showed a morphological change in the liver. It was concluded that K. parviflora extract at 240 mg/kg BW reduced the time in the first 10 mintues of rat courtship behavior and the use of high and chronic doses of K. parviflora in humans should be considered inadvisable.

Prazosin blocks the glutamatergic effects of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid on lordosis behavior and luteinizing hormone secretion in the estrogen-primed female rat

We have observed that intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of selective N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA)-type glutamatergic receptor antagonists inhibits lordosis in ovariectomized (OVX), estrogen-primed rats receiving progesterone or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH). When NMDA was injected into OVX estrogen-primed rats, it induced a significant increase in lordosis. The interaction between LHRH and glutamate was previously explored by us and another groups. The noradrenergic systems have a functional role in the regulation of LHRH release. The purpose of the present study was to explore the interaction between glutamatergic and noradrenergic transmission. The action of prazosin, an alpha1- and alpha2b-noradrenergic antagonist, was studied here by injecting it icv (1.75 and 3.5 µg/6 µL) prior to NMDA administration (1 µg/2 µL) in OVX estrogen-primed Sprague-Dawley rats (240-270 g). Rats manually restrained were injected over a period of 2 min, and tested 1.5 h later. The enhancing effect induced by NMDA on the lordosis/mount ratio at high doses (67.06 ± 3.28, N = 28) when compared to saline controls (6 and 2 µL, 16.59 ± 3.20, N = 27) was abolished by prazosin administration (17.04 ± 5.52, N = 17, and 9.33 ± 3.21, N = 20, P < 0.001 for both doses). Plasma LH levels decreased significantly only with the higher dose of prazosin (1.99 ± 0.24 ng/mL, N = 18, compared to saline-NMDA effect, 5.96 ± 2.01 ng/mL, N = 13, P < 0.05). Behavioral effects seem to be more sensitive to the alpha-blockade than hormonal effects. These findings strongly suggest that the facilitatory effects of NMDA on both lordosis and LH secretion in this model are mediated by alpha-noradrenergic transmission.

Progesterone restores stress induced inhibition of estrous behavior in rat.

Exposure to a stressor (mild electrical shocks to foot, five times per episode, at 1800, 1830, 1900 and 1930 hrs of proestrus) coinciding with period of pre-ovulatory progesterone secretion in rats abolished estrous behavior as shown by the absence of lordosis response and a significant increase in rejection quotient compared to controls. These rats did not show spermatozoa in the vaginal smear next day morning in contrast to their presence in controls. On the other hand, rats treated with progesterone (a single injection, 500 microg in 0.1 ml olive oil at 1800 hr of proestrus) prior to exposure to stressor showed normal estrous behavior, as shown by significantly lower rejection quotient than rats exposed to stress alone, lordosis quotient similar to controls and presence of spermatozoa in the vaginal smear next day. The results, albeit indirectly, to the best of our knowledge, first time indicate that stress induced impaired steroidogenesis leads to suppression of estrous behavior.

Evidence for presence of female produced pheromone components in male scent brush extract of castor semi-looper moth Achaea janata L.

Hexane extract of male terminalia (along with scent brushes) of castor semi-looper moth, Achaea janata L, elicited significant olfactory responses in both male and female insects by electroantennogram recording technique. However, male extract in the wind tunnel evoked noticeable behaviour responses in the female insects only. Orientation response of the males to the male extract was not evident in wind tunnel experiments. Two electrophysiologically-active compounds were identified from the male extract. Based on GC retention times and mass spectrometry the two compounds were confirmed as (Z,Z)-9,12-octadecadienal and (Z,Z,Z)-3,6,9-heneicosatriene. These two compounds are also constituents of female produced four-component blend of A. janata.

Atenolol or butoxamine injection at the lateral septum doesn't inhibit male sexual behavior in rats.

To investigate the role of specific adrenoreceptors subtypes on sexual behavior, atenolol, butoxamine, a mixture of atenolol and butoxamine, and saline (vehicle) were injected into the lateral septum in four different groups of sexually active male rats. Application of a mixture of atenolol and butoxamine produced inhibition of copulatory activity. On the other hand, application of either atenolol or butoxamine alone did not inhibit copulatory activity. But it produced stimulation of some of the components of male sexual behavior. Inability of either atenolol or butoxamine to inhibit the male sexual behavior, and inhibition of the same by the mixture of atenolol and butoxamine, indicate that both beta-adrenoreceptors at the lateral septum are involved in the elaboration of male sexual behavior. Stimulation of some components of sexual behavior on application of atenolol or butoxamine could be attributed to an unbalanced activity of beta-adrenoreceptors.

study of Khar-e-Khasak Khurd [tribulus terrestris linn., fruits] on sexual behaviour

Khar-e-Khasak Khurd [Tribulus terrestris Linn, fruit] is used for treating sexual dysfunctions in the Unani System of Medicine. The effects of aqueous extract of drug were studied on sexual behaviour of male rats. In this study copulatory behaviour, penile erection, licking, grooming of genitals and copulatory movement in absence of female rats were observed. Androgenic and anabolic activities were also assessed by recording the weight of ventral prostate and levator ani muscle. The results show that test drug 500 mg/kg orally produced a significant increase in mounting frequency by 54%, Intromission frequency by 87%, mounting latency by 92%, Intromission latency by 107%, ejaculatory latency by 52% and post-ejaculatory interval by 24%. The drug produced significant increase in penile erection index, weight of prostate and levator ani muscles by 73% and 51.6%. This study supports the use of this drug in treatment of impotence, premature ejaculation and depressed libido

Water temperature and pH influence olfactory sensitivity to pre-ovulatory and post-ovulatory ovarian pheromones in male Barilius bendelisis.

The attractive response and sexual activity elicited by pre-ovulatory steroid sulphate and post-ovulatory 15K-PGF pheromones are greater in wild caught tubercular males and immature males which express breeding tubercles on the snout (at 12-13 days post androgen implant) than in non-tubercular and non-androgen implanted males of freshwater fish Barilius bendelisis. This shows that circulatory androgens exert an activational effect on olfactory receptors of male fish. Wild caught tubercular males and androgen implanted juvenile males exhibit a high responsiveness to steroid sulphate at the water temperature and pH which fish experience during the pre-spawning phase. The male's sensitivity to 15K-PGF is almost equally high at the water temperature and pH which they experience in wild during the both pre-spawning and spawning periods. This suggests that the differential olfactory sensitivity to the two classes of pheromones in androgen implanted males is due to the varied temperature and pH of water, and that during the breeding season the male's olfactory sensitivity to PGF pheromone is more widespread than to the steroidal pheromone. An increased and decreased olfactory sensitivity in mature males to sex pheromones and L-alanine respectively during the breeding phase is in agreement with the hypothesis that pheromonal stimuli dominate over feeding stimuli to promote spawning success.

Psicobiologia do comportamento sexual: amantadina como ferramenta farmacológica para o estudo dos diferentes componentes da resposta sexual de ratos / Sexual behavior psicobiology: amantadine as pharmacological tool for studying the different components of rats sexual response

O comportamento sexual humano apresenta três componentes distintos e obviamente integrados, respectivamente denominados de desejo, exitação e orgasmo sexuais, regulados por diferentes circuitos neurais. Em ratos, a resposta sexual também apresenta diferentes componentes, tendo sido descrita a existência de quatro fatores: fator de iniciação, relacionado à motivação sexual, fator de contagem de intromissões, da taxa copulatória e da taxa de sucesso copulatório, relacionadas co componente consumatório da resposta sexual. O comportamento sexual de ratos, e provavelmente de outros mamíferos, apresenta ainda uma organização temporal, organizada em "mount bouts". Neste trabalho, procuramos estudar os diferentes componentes de resposta sexual de ratos, utilizando a amantadina, droga que facilitou todos os componentes da resposta sexual e evocou os reflexos genitais de ratos, como ferramenta farmacológica; desenvolvemos um modelo experimental de disfunção erétil através do tratamento crônico com L-NAME, investigando os efeitos da amantadina nesses animais; estudamos os efeitos da privação de sono REM na resposta sexual de ratos, bem como os efeitos da amantadina nos animais privados de sono REM; e investigamos a influência do bloqueio +1 noradrenérgico e da ativação 5-HT1B serotoninérgica nos efeitos da amantadina sobre o comportamento sexual. Nossos resultados ratificam a ação estimulante da amantadina na resposta sexual, sobretudo nos componente motivacional, no sucesso copulatório e na organização temporal do comportamento sexual; demonstram que a privação de sono REM per se facilita ambos os componentes motivacional e da taxa de sucesso copulatório e potencia as ações da amantadina sobre a organização temporal do comportamento sexual; e que esses efeitos da privação de sono REM não decorrem do estresse associado à técnica de privação utilizada. O tratamento crônico com L-NAME forneceu um importante modelo experimental para o estudo de disfunções eréteis, sugerindo que os efeitos dessa droga envolvem principalmente mecanismos periféricos, uma vez que foi revertido pelo co-tratamento com três potentes vasodilatadores. unção ejaculatória, provavelmente por mecanismos centrais, sem alterar os demais componentes, enquanto a ativação 5-HT1B inibiu o componente motivacional, a resposta ejaculatória, reduziu a taxa de sucesso copulatório, mas não modificou significamente a resposta erétil, nem a organização temporal do comportamento sexual dos animais...

Efeito do suco extraído das folhas de Bryophyllum Calycinum Salisb(Crassulaceae)sobre a liberaçäo de Gonadotrofinas / Efect of the leaves juice of Bryophyllum calycinum salisb(crassulaceae)in gonadotrophines discharge

O suco extraído das folhas de Bryophyllum Caylcinum Salisb(Crassulaceae) possui uma atividade anti-histamínica H1 periférica. A histamina endógena interfere na liberaçäod de LH e FSH. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo o estudo do efeito do suco das folhas de B. Calycinum sobre o comportamento de ratos Wistar adultos relacionados ao LH e FSH, utilizando a avaliaçäo do efeito da difenidramina(DPH) anti-H1 em ratos controle. Concluiu-se que o suco das folhas de B. Calycinum e a DPD aumentou a receptividade sexual em ratas e prejudica o desempenho sexual quando o mesmo tratamentoé aplicado em ratos