Evaluación de la salud sexual, mental y sueño en hombres chilenos posterior a infección por SARS-CoV-2 / Sexual, physical, mental and sleep sequelae four months after SARS-CoV-2 disease

BACKGROUND: Long term sequelae can be observed after SARS-CoV2. AIM: To describe the sexual, physical, mental and sleep sequelae four months after SARS-CoV2 diagnosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients recovering from SARS-CoV2 with different degrees of disease severity were consecutively included and separated in two study groups, namely Group 1 including patients that had an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and Group 2 including those with mild or moderate COVID-19. Handgrip strength, respiratory polygraphy (RP), Quality of life using the SF-12 questionnaire, and the international index of erectile (IIEF-5) function were assessed. RESULTS: Twenty patients who had ARDS, and 10 without ARDS were included. Erectile dysfunction was observed in 77 and 10% of patients with and without ARDS, respectively (p < 0.01). The figures for sleep obstructive apnea were 82 and 40% respectively (p = 0.02) and for the physical domain SF-12 score were 39.2 and 47.9 points respectively (p = 0.01). No differences in muscle strength were observed. After a multivariable analysis, previous ARDS due to COVID-19 was independently associated with erectile dysfunction, with an odds ratio of 30.6 (95% confidence intervals, 3.08300.3, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Among men with ARDS due to COVID-19, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was high and independently associated with a severe disease four months after discharge.

La disfunción eréctil como factor determinante en la salud sexual y reproductiva en tiempos de la COVID-19 / Erectile dysfunction: A determinant factor in sexual and reproductive health in times of COVID-19

Señor Editor: En su revista se publicó un artículo de revisión titulado Salud sexual y reproductiva en tiempos de la COVID-19 en el que los autores describen como incide la COVID-19 en la salud sexual y reproductiva a diferentes niveles. Este es un tema tratado con frecuencia debido al carácter reciente de la pandemia, la cual se ha caracterizado por provocar nuevas y variadas consecuencias patológicas de manera continua.1 El artículo abarca el tema en casi todas sus aristas, pero consideramos que no se mencionó un factor determinante que afecta a la salud sexual y reproductiva que es la disfunción eréctil que puede ocasionar la COVID-19. La evidencia sólida acumulada en las últimas décadas respalda la noción de que la función eréctil es un excelente marcador sustituto de la salud sistémica en general y del rendimiento vascular en particular, que comparte muchos factores de riesgo con las enfermedades cardiovasculares. Esto se describe mediante la ecuación DEndt = DE (la disfunción endotelial es igual a la disfunción eréctil y viceversa). La integridad vascular es necesaria para la función eréctil, y es probable que el daño vascular asociado a la COVID-19 afecte el frágil lecho vascular del pene, lo que resultará en una función eréctil deteriorada.2,3 Como lo demuestran las pruebas radiológicas posteriores a la recuperación, puede haber una fibrosis significativa en el intersticio pulmonar por COVID-19. Con la fibrosis pulmonar, la función pulmonar fisiológica se ve afectada, lo que lleva a un intercambio de gases...(AU)

Prevalence of priapism in individuals with sickle cell disease and implications on male sexual function / Prevalência de priapismo em indivíduos com doença falciforme e suas implicações na função sexual masculina

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate epidemiological aspects of priapism in patients with sickle cell disease, and these aspects impact on adult sexual function. Methods This was a cross-sectional study including individuals with sickle cell disease who were evaluated at a reference center for sickle cell. Participants completed a structured questionnaire about their sociodemographic characteristics and priapism events. Sexual function was assessed using validated two instruments, the Erection Hardness Score and one about the sex life satisfaction. Results Sixty-four individuals with median aged of 12 (7 to 28) years were interviewed. The prevalence of priapism was 35.9% (23/64). The earliest priapism episode occurred at 2 years of age and the latest at 42 years. The statistical projection was that 71.1% of individuals of the study would have at least one episode of priapism throughout life. Patients with episodes of priapism (10/23) had significantly worse erectile function Erection Hardness Score of 2 [1-3]; p=0.01 and were less satisfied with sexual life 3 [3-5]; p=0.02. Conclusion Priapism is usually present in childhood, and severe episodes are associated with cavernous damage, impairment in the quality of the erection, and lower sexual satisfaction.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar aspectos epidemiológicos do priapismo em pacientes com doença falciforme e o impacto desses aspectos na função sexual de adultos. Métodos Trata-se de estudo transversal, que incluiu indivíduos com doença falciforme acompanhados em um centro de referência. Os participantes responderam a um questionário estruturado acerca das características sociodemográficas e eventos de priapismo. A função sexual foi avaliada por meio de dois instrumentos validados, a Escala de Rigidez de Ereção e um sobre satisfação com a vida sexual. Resultados Foram entrevistados 64 indivíduos com média de idade de 12 (7-28) anos. A prevalência de priapismo foi de 35,9% (23/64). O episódio mais precoce ocorreu aos 2 anos de idade e o mais tardio, aos 42 anos. A projeção estatística foi de que 71,1% desses sujeitos teriam pelo menos um episódio de priapismo ao longo da vida. Pacientes adultos com episódios de priapismo (10/23) apresentaram função erétil significativamente pior Escala de Rigidez de Ereção de 2 [1-3]; p=0,01 e estavam menos satisfeitos com a vida sexual 3 [3-5]; p=0,02. Conclusão O priapismo manifesta-se desde a infância, e episódios graves estão associados a dano cavernoso, prejuízo na qualidade da ereção e menor satisfação sexual.

Prevalencia y caracterización de disfunciones sexuales masculinas en el personal de la Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca, año 2019 / Prevalence and characterization of male sexual dysfunctions in the staff of the Academic Unit of Health and Welfare of the Catholic University of Cuenca, 2019

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y caracterizar la disfunción sexual masculina en el personal docente y administrativo de la Unidad Académica de Salud y Bienestar de la Universidad Católica de Cuenca en el 2019. Metodología: estudio cuantitativo, observacional y transversal. Se encuestaron a 114 varones que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. El análisis se realizó mediante estadística descriptiva, para variables cuantitativas se empleó media y desviación estándar y para las cualitativas frecuencias y porcentajes. Resultados: la prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales masculinas fue de 75.4%. Un 60.5% tuvieron edades entre 20 a 39 años, 60.5% estaban casados, 87.2% religión católica, 67.4% eran docentes. Según trastornos del deseo, el 27.9% presentó hiperactividad masculina, el 18.6% fobia y un 9.3% hipoactividad; según los trastornos de excitación, el 53.5% presentó disfunción eréctil, siendo un 93.5% leve. El trastorno orgásmico y la dispareunia masculina se presentó en el 30.2% y el 29.1% respectivamente. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de disfunciones sexuales fue elevada en comparación con la bibliografía consultada

Objective: to determine the prevalence and characterize male sexual dysfunction in the teaching and administrative staff of the Academic Unit of Health and Welfare of the Catholic University of Cuenca in 2019. Methodology: It is a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study. A total of 114 men who met the inclusion criteria were surveyed. The analysis was performed using descriptive statistics; mean and standard deviation were used for quantitative variables, and frequencies and percentages for the qualitative variables. Results: the prevalence of male sexual dysfunctions was 75.4%. The 60.5% were between 20 and 39 years old, 60.5% were married, 87.2% were Catholic, and 67.4% were teachers. According to desire disorders, 27.9% presented male hyperactivity, 18.6% phobia and 9.3% hypoactivity; according to arousal disorders, 53.5% presented erectile dysfunction, 93.5% being mild. Orgasmic disorder and male dyspareunia occurred in 30.2% and 29.1% respectively. Conclusions: the prevalence of sexual dysfunctions was high compared to the literature consulted

Prevalence and risk factors for erectile dysfunction in HIV-infected patients in Salvador, Brazil

ABSTRACT Background: Effective antiretroviral therapy (ART) has increased life expectancy for HIV patients to levels close to that observed for general population. Comorbidities are also increasing, due to ageing of such population. Erectile dysfunction (ED) has been a frequent finding in men living with HIV. Objectives: The goals of the present study were to define the prevalence of ED and associated factors in HIV-infected men, in a referral center of Salvador city, Brazil. Methods: HIV-infected men ≥18 years of age, receiving care at the AIDS Clinics of Complexo Hospitalar Professor Edgard Santos (C-HUPES), Universidade Federal da Bahia were consecutively included in the study until the estimated sample size (N = 134) was reached. Patients filled a structured questionnaire on clinical-epidemiological characteristics, as well as the International Index on Erectile Function to assess ED. Results: Most (55%) were black and single (79%), mean age 44.8 years. ED was detected in 29 (21.6%) patients; 86% of ED cases were classified as severe. The only factors associated with ED were low income (p = 0.02) and unemployment (p = 0.01). No association was found between ED and frequency of comorbidities, age, or ART used by patients. Conclusion: In a referral center in Salvador city, socio-economic problems were the main factors associated with ED. Psychological impact of poor social conditions should be routinely assessed in patients with ED to implement preventive measures for ED.

Epidemiología de la disfunción sexual eréctil en ancianos de un área de salud / Epidemiology of sexual erectile dysfunction in elders of a health area

Introducción: El desempeño sexual masculino en la vejez es visto, generalmente, desde sus caracteres negativos. Conocer cuál es el comportamiento y los factores de riesgo para la disfunción sexual eréctil en la población estudiada permite una mejor adaptación a los cambios fisiológicos del proceso de envejecimiento, disfrutar de una sexualidad gratificante y elevar su calidad de vida. Objetivo: Describir la presencia de disfunción eréctil en ancianos según variables sociodemográficas, epidemiológicas y clínicas e identificar los posibles factores de riesgo asociados a su aparición. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal en ancianos de un área de salud durante el período 2013-2016. El universo estuvo conformado por 290 ancianos. Se tomó una muestra de 220 los cuales cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión y exclusión. Se les aplicó un modelo de recogida de información anónimo. Los datos fueron validados estadísticamente mediante el chi cuadrado, la prueba exacta de Fisher y la regresión logística. Resultados: Predominaron las edades de 60 a 74 años, con bajo nivel escolar y jubilados. El grado de disfunción eréctil moderada fue el más frecuente. Los factores que se asociaron a esta fueron enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, depresión, trastornos urológicos, hábitos tóxicos y fármacos como antihipertensivos, diuréticos, digitálicos y psicofármacos. Conclusiones: La disfunción eréctil predominó en el grupo de ancianos con factores que deterioraron su salud. La sexualidad es un aspecto fundamental de esta, por lo que se incrementaron los casos de disfunción con el avance de la edad(AU)

Introduction: The sexual masculine performance in old ages is generally seen from negative points of view. Knowledge on which are the risk behaviours and factors for the sexual erectile dysfunction in the studied population allows a better adjustment of the physiological changes of the aging process, to enjoy a gratifying sexuality and to raise their life´s quality. Objective: To describe the presence of erectile dysfunction in elders according to socio-demographic, epidemiological and clinical variables and to identify possible risk factors associated with its appearance. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in elders of a health area from 2013 to 2016. The sample group consisted in 290 elders. A sample was taken in 220 of them whom met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An anonymous model of data collection was applied to them. Data was statistically validated by means of Chi-Square, Fisher's exact test, and the logistic regression´s test. Results: Ages from 60 to 74 years, people with low educational level and pensioners were predominant. Moderate erectile dysfunction´s degree was the most frequent. The factors associated to this one were: non-chronic communicable diseases, depression, urologic disorders, toxic habits and drugs such as antihypertensive, diuretics, digitalis, and psychoactive drugs. Conclusions: Erectile dysfunction prevailed in the group of elders with factors that worsen their health. Sexuality is a fundamental aspect of health; that is why the cases of dysfunction increased at the same time as aging(AU)

Stage effect of chronic kidney disease in erectile function

ABSTRACT Purpose The study aims to assess the influence of the stage of chronic kidney disease and glomerular filtration rate on prevalence and degree of erectile dysfunction. Materials and Methods This transversal study, conducted from May 2013 to December 2015, included patients with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment, stages III/IV/V. Erectile dysfunction was evaluated by the International Index of Erectile Function. Data classically associated with erectile dysfunction were obtained by medical record review. Erectile dysfunction, degree of erectile dysfunction, and other main variables associated with erectile dysfunction were compared between patients with chronic kidney disease on conservative treatment stages III versus IV/V using the Chi-square test. The relationship between score of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction and glomerular filtration rate was established by Pearson correlation coefficient. Results Two hundred and forty five patients with chronic kidney disease in conservative treatment participated of the study. The prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients with chronic kidney disease in stages IV/V was greater than in stage III. Glomerular filtration rate positively correlated with score of the International Index of Erectile Dysfunction. Conclusions The study suggests that chronic kidney disease progression (glomerular filtration rate decrease and advance in chronic kidney disease stages) worsen erectile function. Hypothetically, diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction may be anticipated with the analysis of chronic kidney disease progression.

Erectile dysfunction is associated with subclinical carotid vascular disease in young men lacking widely-known risk factors / 亚洲男科学杂志(英文版)

This study aimed to gain insight into the underlying pathogenesis of erectile dysfunction in young men under the age of 40 years without widely-known risk factors. Compared with normal controls, patients with erectile dysfunction had increased carotid intima-media thickness, fasting levels of blood glucose and insulin, and homeostatic model assessment index, as well as lower flow-mediated vasodilation and testosterone levels (P < 0.05), though all of these values were within their respective normal range. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified carotid intima-media thickness, flow-mediated vasodilation, insulin level, and homeostatic model assessment index as significant predictors of erectile dysfunction. Young men with flow-mediated vasodilation <10.65% were 11.645 times more likely to have erectile dysfunction, young men with carotid intima-media thickness >0.623 mm had a 4.16-fold, and young men with homeostatic model assessment index >1.614 had a 5.993-fold greater risk of having erectile dysfunction. In conclusions, in young men with normal results from general clinical screening, an increased carotid intima-media thickness and homeostatic model assessment index and reduced flow-mediated vasodilation were associated with a higher incidence of erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction may appear before the detection of traditional cardiovascular risk factors and may be the earliest clinical sign of subclinical cardiovascular disease.

Erectile dysfunction in ankylosing spondylitis patients

ABSTRACT Background Rheumatic diseases such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS) may be associated with sexual dysfunction. Aim To study erectile function of a group of Brazilian AS patients comparing them with controls. Materials and Methods This was a cross sectional study approved by the local Committee of Ethics in Research. The questionnaire IIEF (International Index of Erectile Function) was applied to 40 AS patients and 40 healthy controls. AS patients had determination of disease activity (through BASDAI or Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease activity index), ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score, MASES or Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Score and SPARCC or Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada), function (through BASFI or Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index and HAQ or Health Assessment Questionnaire) and BASMI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrological Index). Results AS patients had a median score on IIEF of 22.0 (IQR=18-25) while controls had 29 (IQR=27-30) with p<0.0001 Only 17.5% of the AS patients had no erectile dysfunction, in opposite to 87.5% of controls (p<0.0001). IIEF scores had a negative association with BASDAI (p<0.0001), HAQ (p=0.05), body mass index (P=0.03), MASES (P=0.02) and SPARCC (P=0.02) in a univariate analysis. Multiple regression showed that BASDAI was the only variable independently associated with IIEF. Conclusion There is a high prevalence of erectile dysfunction among AS patients that is associated with disease activity measured by BASDAI.

Assessment of sexual functions in partners of women with complaints of urinary incontinence

ABSTRACT Aim: Investigation of the erectile functions in partners of women with urinary incontinence problems. Materials and Methods: Sexually active female patients over the age of 18 years with complaints of urinary incontinence (n=30) (Group-1), and without urinary incontinence (n=30) (Group-2, controls) were included this study. Evaluation of the patients were done at Erzincan Mengücek Gazi Training and Research Hospital's urology outpatient clinic between June 2012 and January 2013. Partners of group-1 and group-2 were asked to fill in the 5-item International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) questionnaire, and then the scores of the two groups were compared for statistically significant differences. Results: Among the partners of the group-1 patients, 15 (50%) had mild erectile dysfunction (ED), 11 (36.6%) had moderate ED, 1 (3.4%) had severe ED, and erectile function was normal in the remaining 3 (10%). Among the partners of group-2 patients, 15 (50%) had mild ED, 7 had moderate ED, 1 (3.4%) had severe ED, and 7 (23.3%) had normal erectile function. Compared to the spouses of group-2 patients, ED was more prevalent among the spouses of group-1 patients. Conclusion: Erectile function in the partners of women with urinary incontinence may be adversely affected by the UI of their partners.

Prevalencia de disfunción eréctil y factores asociados en pacientes con indicación de rehabilitación cardíaca / Erectile dysfunction in patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation: prevalence and associated factors

Introducción: La disfunción eréctil (DE) afecta a millones de personas en el mundo. Se caracteriza por daño endotelial vascular y actualmente es considerado un marcador de riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular. Sin embargo, no es evaluada normalmente por el personal médico y los pacientes se rehúsan a discutirlo. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la prevalencia de DE y sus factores asociados en pacientes con indicación de rehabilitación cardíaca. Material y Método: Estudio descriptivo, transversal, incluyó 225 pacientes con indicación de rehabilitación cardíaca de 6 países de Latinoamérica: Chile (CH), Brasil (BR), Perú (PE), Colombia (CO), Argentina (AR) y Paraguay (PY) en el período de marzo-agosto 2014. Se obtuvo datos demográficos y se utilizó el cuestiona-rio Índice Internacional de Función Eréctil (CIIFE) auto administrado. Las variables fueron procedencia, edad, peso, talla, IMC, obesidad, hipertensión arterial (HTA), diabetes mellitus (DM), infarto agudo del miocardio (IAM), tabaquismo y uso de fármacos. Resultados: Se evaluó a 225 hombres. De acuerdo al CIIFE, 80,1% tuvo algun tipo de DE; 8,9% severa; 10,7% moderada; 26,2% media a moderada y 35,6% media. Los factores asociados significativamente fueron el país de procedencia, la DM, la edad y el tabaquismo. Conclusión: La prevalencia de Disfunción Eréctil en pacientes con indicación de rehabilitación cardíaca de Chile, Brasil, Perú, Colombia, Argentina y Paraguay fue 80,1% y sus factores asociados son edad, obesidad, IAM, DM, HTA y tabaquismo.

Background: Erectile dysfunction (ED) affects millions of males around the world. It is characterized by endothelial dysfunction and is currently considered to be a marker of cardiovascular disease. However, it is seldom evaluated by medical personnel and patients frequently refuse to discuss the subject. The aim of this investigation was to determine incidence and prevalence of ED and associated factors in patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation. Method: A descriptive, cross sectional study was performed in 225 patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation in 6 Latin American countries: Chile (CH), Brazil (BR), Perú (PE), Colombia (CO), Argentina (AR) and Paraguay (PY), from March to August 2014. Demographic data were collected and the self-administered International ED questionnaire was applied to evaluate ED. Variables included age, weight, height, BMI, obesity, hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), acute myocardial infarction, smoking habit and use of different medications Results: 80.1% of subjects had some type of ED: it was severe in 8.9%, moderate in 10.7%. moderate to intermediate in 26.2% and intermediate in 35.6%. Factors associated to the presence of ED were country of origin, DM, age, and smoking habit Conclusion: ED was present in a mean of 80.1% of patients referred for cardiac rehabilitation in Chile, Brazil, Perú, Colombia, Argentina, and Paraguay. ED was associated to age, obesity, myocardial infarction, DM, HT, and smoking habit.

Personas con disfunción eréctil atendidos en la consulta de Andrología, Instituto de Endocrinología de Cuba, 2009-2012 / People with erectile dysfunction treated in the consultation of Andrology, Institute of Endocrinology of Cuba, 2009-2012

ResumenLa disfunción sexual eréctil (DE) es un problema de salud que afecta la calidad de vida del que la padece, de su pareja y de su entorno.Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre el grado de severidad de la DE con factores de riesgos conocidos, comorbilidades, parámetros clínicos, bioquímicos y hormonales, atendidos en la consulta de andrología del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología (INEN).Método: Estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, que incluyó 385 pacientes > 20 años, atendidos entre 2009-2012. Variables estudiadas: clínicas, antropométricas, bioquímicas y hormonales. Estadígrafos: pruebas Chi2 y ANOVA.Resultados: La media de edad fue 56,85 ±8,2 años. El 82,9 % tenía ≥ 50 años y un 95 % padecía alguna enfermedad crónica. Predominó los grados moderados y severos de DE (45 % y 39 % respectivamente), los diuréticos e inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina se asociaron a la DE (p=0,042) y (p=0,012). El consumo de alcohol fue común (69,9%). El Índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, índice cintura/cadera, glucemia, colesterol total y triglicéridos se incrementaron cuando fue mayor el grado de severidad de la DSE. La testosterona total se asoció inversamente con una significación estadística (p=0,005). Las comorbilidades más frecuentes fueron: diabetes tipo 2 (p < 0,004), hipertensión arterial (p < 0,007), obesidad (p < 0,005) y enfermedad de Peyronie (p<0,017).Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación directamente proporcional entre el grado de severidad de la DE con algunos de sus factores de riesgo y enfermedades crónicas frecuentes. Esta fue inversamente proporcional a los valores de testosterona total.

AbstractThe sexual erectile dysfunction (ED) is a health problem that affects the life quality of which suffers it, of their couple and of their environment.Objective:To determine the association among the grade of severity of ED with factors of well-known risks, associates diseases, clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters, assisted in the consultation of andrology of the National Institute of Endocrinology (INEN).Method:An observational descriptive study was performed, transversal, including 385 patients > 20 years, assisted among 2009-2012. Studied variables: clinical, anthropometrics, biochemical and hormonal. Statisticians: Quarter Chi Test and ANOVA.Results:The age stocking was 56, 85 ±8,2 years. The 82,9 % have ≥50 years and 95% suffered some chronic illness. It prevailed the moderate and severe grades of ED (45% and 39% respectively), the diuretics and IECAs were associated to ED (p=0,042) and (p=0,012). The consumption of alcohol was common (69, 9%). The corporal mass index, circumference of the waist, waist/hip index, glycemic, total cholesterol and triglycerides were increased when it was bigger the grade of severity of ED. The total testosterone was inversely associated with a statistical significance (p=0,005). The most frequent associates diseases were: Type 2 Diabetes (p <0,004), High Blood Pressure (p <0,007), Obesity (p <0,005) and Peyronie´s Disease (p <0,017). Conclusions: A directly proportional association between the grade of severity of ED and some risk factors and frequent chronic illnesses was found. This was inversely proportional to the values of total testosterone.

Enfermedad periodontal y disfunción eréctil / Periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction

La enfermedad periodontal es una enfermedad inflamatoria destructiva crónica que afecta a los tejidos de soporte del diente y es una de las infecciones crónicas más prevalentes en los humanos con la capacidad de inducir la producción de citocinas proinflamatorias, interviniendo en la regulación de las respuestas inflamatorias que aumentan los niveles de IL-6 y PCR, que da como resultado la activación de las células inflamatorias y endoteliales, pudiendo dar lugar a disfunción endotelial.La disfunción eréctil se define como la incapacidad persistente de lograr y mantener una erección suficiente para permitir una relación sexual satisfactoria y puede ser una manifestación temprana de la arteria coronaria y de la enfermedad vascular periférica, por lo que debe considerarse también como una señal de peligro potencial de la enfermedad cardiovascular. El enlace entre enfermedad periodontal y disfunción eréctil aún está en investigación y la información es muy limitada. Existen factores de riesgo (tabaco, diabetes mellitus y enfermedades cardíacas) compartidos por la disfunción eréctil y la periodontitis crónica que contribuyen a la disfunción endotelial. El objetivo de la presente revisión es dar a conocer la posible relación entre la enfermedad periodontal y la disfunción eréctil y las variables confundentes entre esta relación mediante una revisión de la literatura.

Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory destructive disease that affects the tissue supporting the teeth, and is one of the most prevalent chronic infections in humans. It can induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, intervening in the regulation of inflammatory responses affecting the IL-6 and C-reactive protein, and finally activates inflammatory cells and endothelial cells. This can lead to endothelial dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is defined as the persistent inability to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient to permit satisfactory sexual intercourse and can be an early manifestation of coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease, and should therefore be considered also as a potential warning sign for cardiovascular disease. The link between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction is still under investigation and the information is very limited. There are risk factors (smoking, diabetes mellitus, and heart disease) shared by erectile dysfunction and chronic periodontitis that contribute to endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this review is to provide plausibility between periodontal disease and erectile dysfunction and confounding variables between this relationship through a literature review.

Association between renal function, erectile function and coronary artery disease: Detection with coronary angiography

PURPOSE: Many patients admitted for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have chronic renal insufficiency and erectile dysfunction (ED). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between ED and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in patients with coronary artery disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied 183 patients undergoing coronary angiography owing to AMI. The GFR was calculated and the International Index of Erectile Function-5 (IIEF-5) was used to evaluate ED. The relations between erectile function, GFR, and the number of occluded coronary arteries were evaluated. RESULTS: Of 183 patients with a mean age of 55.2+/-11.16 years who underwent coronary angiography owing to AMI, 100 (54.64%) had ED. The ED rate was 45.36% (44/97) in patients with single-vessel disease, 64.5% (31/48) in patients with two-vessel disease, and 65.7% (25/38) in patients with three-vessel disease. The ED rate in patients with single-vessel disease was significantly lower than in the other groups (p<0.001). The mean IIEF scores were 24.2+/-4.3, 20.4+/-4.9, and 20.5+/-4.2 in the three groups, respectively (p<0.001). Mean GFRs were similar in patients with single-vessel disease, two-vessel disease, and three-vessel disease (128.2+/-46.8, 130.8+/-70.9, and 110.8+/-44.6, respectively, p=0.171). The GFR was significantly lower in the presence of ED only for single-vessel disease (p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed that the presence and severity of ED are linked to the number of occluded vessels as documented by coronary angiography. The presence of ED and reduced GFR are associated with single-vessel coronary artery disease. This relationship can be used to predict the likelihood of coronary artery disease.

Associated factors and prevalence of erectile dysfunction in hemodialysis patients

Purpose: The proposal of this study was to determine the prevalence and the associated factors of erectile dysfunction (ED) among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on data collected from HD male patients. Clinical, demographic and laboratory data of all patients were collected in three HD clinics from December 2010 to June 2011. Patients answered questions of erectile function domain from International Index of Erectile Function. Data were evaluated by descriptive analysis and by univariate (ULRA) and multivariate logistic regression analysis (MLRA). Results: Three hundred and five patients participated of the study. The prevalence of ED was 68.19%. ED was associated with diabetes (DM), benign prostatic hyperplasia, glomerulonephritis as cause of chronic renal failure (CRF), smoking habits, lower creatinine levels (ULRA), use of calcium channel blocker (MLRA), aging, lower education level, alcohol consumption, DM (as cause of CRF) and coronary insufficiency (ULRA and MLRA). Conclusions: ED was highly prevalent in the HD men. It was independently associated with aging, current use of alcohol, long alcohol use (even for those who do not drink more), lower education level, diabetes as cause of CRF, coronary insufficiency and use of channel blockers calcium. .

Erectile dysfunction in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection

Hepatitis C virus [HCV] infection is a major public health problem worldwide and in Egypt. Several studies have suggested that chronic HCV infection may be associated with erectile dysfunction [ED] in men. The aim of our study was to detect the prevalence of ED among male patients with chronic HCV infection. The study included 150 male patients with chronic HCV infection [124 patients with chronic hepatitis and 26 patients with HCV-associated liver cirrhosis]. The Child-Pugh score was used to assess the severity of cirrhosis. An Arabic validated version of the five-item International Index of Erectile Function [IIEF-5] was used to detect the presence and severity of ED. The patients' age ranged from 20 to 80 years with mean age +/- standard deviation [SD; 50 +/- 17.19] years. The prevalence of ED among patients with chronic HCV infection was found to be 29.3%. The prevalence was significantly higher in cirrhotic as compared to chronic hepatitis patients [p < 0.001] and the average ED score was significantly lower in patients with liver cirrhosis than in those with chronic hepatitis. There was a highly significant relation between the severity of ED and the severity of liver disease. There was a significant negative correlation between serum bilirubin and ED score and a significant positive correlation between serum albumin and ED score in patients with liver cirrhosis. About 30% of patients with chronic HCV infection were found to have ED: so, given the high prevalence of HCV infection in Egypt, chronic HCV infection may be considered in the differential diagnosis of ED. There was a highly significant relation between the severity of ED and the severity of liver disease and the majority of patients with liver cirrhosis proved to be suffering from ED, which may be related to the associated hypoalbuminaemia

Afrontamiento al distrés relacionado con la disfunción eréctil en varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 / Coping with erectile dysfunction-related distress in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: los estudios sobre afrontamiento al distrés generado por las dificultades sexuales en personas con diabetes mellitus son escasos. Objetivos: identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento que emplea un grupo de varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 frente al distrés generado por la disfunción eréctil, y explorar la relación entre estas estrategias y sus necesidades percibidas y referidas. Métodos: estudio descriptivo, transversal, que combinó metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa, en el que participaron 10 varones con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y disfunción eréctil secundaria. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: Escala de Modos de Afrontamiento, de RS Lazarus y S Folkman, Técnica de los 10 Deseos y Entrevista Semi-estructurada. La información cuantitativa se procesó a través de valores absolutos, porcentajes y medias (según dato e instrumento), y la cualitativa a través de la extracción de temas generales, categorías y contenidos. Se realizó triangulación teórica y de fuentes. Los aspectos éticos fueron considerados. Resultados: los sujetos tenían edad media de 51,6 años, nivel escolar superior y medio-superior, y todos fueron residentes en La Habana. Aparecieron divergencias entre las estrategias referidas a través del cuestionario y la entrevista: en el primero los sujetos refirieron con mayor frecuencia la búsqueda de apoyo social (media 1,8), mientras en las entrevistas refirieron mayormente la huida-evitación, a través de estrategias emergentes y coadyuvantes como: el desinterés informacional, la búsqueda de causas externas y la búsqueda de nuevas experiencias. Las necesidades y motivaciones fundamentales se expresaron en el área sexual-marital. Conclusiones: los sujetos utilizaron el manejo emocional como estilo de afrontamiento fundamental frente al distrés relacionado con la disfunción eréctil, a través de la estrategia de huida-evitación. Este hecho, la relevancia otorgada a la sexualidad y otros aspectos discutidos en el artículo, condicionan importantes vulnerabilidades psicosexuales en los sujetos estudiados(AU)

Introduction: the studies on the coping with distress generated by sexual difficulties in diabetes mellitus persons are scanty. Objectives: to identify the coping strategies of a group of men with type 2 diabetes mellitus against the distress generated by erectile dysfunction and to explore the relationship between these strategies and their perceived and referred requirements. Methods: cross sectional and descriptive study combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Ten men with type 2 diabetes mellitus and secondary erectile dysfunction participated in it. The instruments were Coping Modes Scale of RS Lazarus and S. Folkman, Ten-desire technique and semi-structured interview. The quantitative information was processed by using absolute values, percentages and means (according to data or instrument used) and the qualitative one through extracting general topics, categories and contents. Theoretical and source triangulation was carried out. Ethical aspects were taken into consideration. Results: the subjects were 51.6 years-old as average, higher and middle-higher education and all were living in Havana. There were divergences among the strategies mentioned in the questionnaire and the interview in the former, the subjects stated the search for social support more frequently (mean of 1.8) whereas in the latter, they mostly mentioned runaway-avoidance, through emerging and coadjutant strategies such as lack of interest in information, search of external causes and search of new experiences. Fundamental needs and motivations were expressed in the sexual-marital area. Conclusions: the participants used emotional management as a fundamental way of coping with erectile dysfunction distress, through the runaway-avoidance strategy. This event, the importance given to sexuality and other discussed aspects in the article give rise to important psychosexual vulnerabilities in the studied subjects(AU)

Disfunción eréctil en portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en edad productiva / Erectile dysfunction among diabetic patients

Background: Diabetic microangiopathy is one of the main causes of erectile dysfunction. Aim: To study the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among diabetic patients. Material and Methods: The "international index of erectile function" survey was applied to 120 diabetic men aged 21 to 50years. Demographic data, evolution time of diabetes, a glycosilated hemoglobin measured in the last three months, weight, height and treatment received were also recorded. Results: Fifty five percent of patients had erectile dysfunction. Patients with an inadequate metabolic control had a significantly higher risk of having this condition (odds ratio 5.5; 95% confidence intervals 2.3-81). Conclusions: Erectile dysfunction is common among diabetic patients and closely associated with an inadequate metabolic control.