Anatomical Conditions in Simultaneous Orthognathic Surgery and Structural Rhinoplasty. A Clinical Series / Condiciones Anatómicas en Cirugía Ortognática y Rinoplastia Estructural Simultanea. Una Seria Clínica

SUMMARY: Orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty show synergy in terms of function and aesthetic results. The aim of this research is to analyze variables related to simultaneous orthognathic surgery and rhinoplasty and to discuss the surgical sequence. Male and female subjects between 18 and 45 years old were included in this research. Diagnosis related to nasal morphology (nasal tip bifid, rotate, square and others as well as the alae morphology and columella), facial deformity (sagittal and vertical deformity), type of surgery (rhinoplasty techniques and orthognathic techniques) and complications were included. The minimum follow-up was 12 months; Chi- Square and t test were used to define correlations, considering a value of p<0.05 for statistical significance. Class III facial deformity was observed in 40 % of subjects and class II facial deformity was present in 43 %. For the nasal deformities, the tip and nasal bridge were most prevalent; primary nasal deformity was observed in the 83 % of subjects and was significant more than secondary nasal deformity (p=0.042). Bimaxillary surgery was performed in 31 cases (88 %). In 10 cases a change of the original plan for rhinoplasty due to previous maxillary surgery was realized, mainly in class III facial deformity, with no statistical differences. Revision rhinoplasty was realized in 5 cases (14 %) and was not related to surgical variables; revision for orthognathic surgery was not necessary in this series. Rhinoplasty and orthognathic surgery simultaneously show low complications and predictable results. We can conclude that maxillary mandibular osteotomies and rhinoplasty could be performed safely. However, larger studies are necessary to understand the best choice and variables involved in simultaneous procedures and soft tissue response.

La cirugía ortognática y la rinoplastia muestran sinergia en términos de resultados funcionales y estéticos. EL objetivo de esta investigación es analizar variables relacionadas con la cirugía ortognática y rinoplastia ejecutada de forma simultanea. Fueron incluidos hombres y mujeres entre 18 y 45 años de edad. EL diagnóstico fue en base a la morfología nasal (punta bífida, rotada, cuadrada u otras así como alteraciones del ala nasal y columela), deformidad facial (deformidad sagital y vertical), tipo de cirugía (técnica de rinoplastia y cirugía ortognática) y complicaciones asociadas. El seguimiento mínimo fue de 12 meses; se utilizo las prueba t test y chi cuadrado para definir relaciones estadísticas considerando un valor de p< 0,05 para obtener diferencias significativas. La deformidad clase III fue observada en el 40 % de los sujetos y la deformidad facial de clase II se presento en el 43 %. Para la deformidad nasal, las alteraciones de a punta nasal y nasal fueron mas prevalentes; la deformidad nasal primaria se presentó en el 83 % de los sujetos y fue significativamente mayor que la deformidad nasal secundaria (p=0,042). La cirugía bimaxilar se realizó en 31 casos (88 %); en 10 casos se realizó el cambio del plan quirúrgico inicial de la rinoplastia debido a cambios generados en la cirugía maxilar previa, mayormente en deformidad facial de clase III, sin presentar diferencias significativas. La rinoplastia de revisión fue realizada en 5 casos (14 %) y no fue relacionada con ninguna variable de tipo quirúrgica; la revisión de cirugía ortognática no fue realizada en ningún caso de esta serie. La rinoplastia y la cirugía ortognática simultanea mostraron bajas complicaciones y resultados predecibles. Se puede concluir que la osteotomía maxilo mandibular y la rinoplastia son seguras; sin embargo, estudios de mayor volumen son necesarios para entender la mejor opción y variables relacionadas con procedimientos simultáneos y la respuesta de tejidos blandos faciales.

Surgical treatment of vidianneurectomy and selective vidianneurectomy in 60 cases of refractory allergic rhinitis / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To explore the effect of vidian neurectomy and selective vidian neurectomy in the treatment of moderate and severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: A total of 60 patients with moderate-to-severe persistent AR treated in Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected, including 28 males and 32 females. A total of 40 cases in the observation group were subjected to vidianneurectomy, while, 20 cases in the control group underwent selective vidianneurectomy. Patients in the two groups were followed up at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively, and evaluated according to AR diagnostic and efficacy assessment criteria. Four symptoms of sneezing, clear runny nose, nasal congestion, and nasal itching were scored as efficacy indices before and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. The regression of the lower turbinate swelling after surgery was assessed by nasal endoscopy or sinus CT. Postoperative tear secretion was followed up in both groups, and patients with dry eyes were counted in combination with ocular symptoms. SPSS 19.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data before and after the surgery and between the two groups. Results: The preoperative, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative inferior turbinate signs were (2.73±0.45), (1.20±0.41), (1.25±0.49) and (1.30±0.56) points in the observation group and (2.75±0.44), (1.45±0.69), (1.75±0.72) and (1.90±0.85) points in the control group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in the between-subjects effect test between the two groups (F=8.28, P<0.05), indicating a more durable surgical effect in the observation group. The total effective rate at 2 years after surgery was 95.0% (38/40) in the observation group and 50% (10/20) in the control group. The difference between the two groups by Fisher's exact test was statistically significant. No dry eye patient was found in either group at a 1.5-year postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: Both vidianneurectomy and selective vidianneurectomy have good recent treatment effects, vidianneurectomy has better long-term curative effects than selective vidianneurectomy.

Clinical study of endoscopic surgery for recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective:To compare the clinical effects and complications of surgery + chemotherapy and radiotherapy + chemotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrence, so as to compare the safety and efficacy of two different therapeutic methods. Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 40 patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy and chemotherapy admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to June 2020. Among them, 26 patients were treated with surgery. The recurrent tumor was removed under nasal endoscope, and the frozen resection margin was negative during the operation. Chemotherapy was continued for stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ patients from 3 to 5 weeks after surgery. Fourteen patients received secondary radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Postoperative complications and survival rate were observed. Results:There were 14 patients in the secondary chemoradiotherapy group（control group） and 26 patients in the nasal endoscopic surgery group（observation group）. Among the 26 patients, 19 patients underwent nasal septal mucosal repair, 5 patients underwent temporal muscle flap repair, 2 patients underwent submental flap repair, 2 patients had nasal septal mucosal flap necrosis and cerebrospinal fluid leakage, and the temporal muscle flap was used for secondary repair in the second stage operation, and 8 patients needed cervical lymph node dissection. The patients recovered well after surgery, and the patients in stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ were treated with chemotherapy after 3 weeks to 5 weeks according to the patient's wound condition. There were significant differences in the incidence of complications and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates between the two groups（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be treated by nasal endoscopic surgery to remove the tumor, and the use of pedicled nasal septal mucosal flap or temporal muscle flap for skull base reconstruction, The operation can effectively prevent major complications such as internal carotid artery rupture and hemorrhage, and improve the survival rate and quality of life of patients. It provides a safe and effective treatment for patients with recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Anomalías congénitas nasales: Estudio retrospectivo y revisión de la literatura / Congenital Anomalies of the Nose: retrospective study and literature review

INTRODUCTION. Congenital malformations occur in 1 in 5,000 to 40,000 live births. They present as a morphological abnormality of the nasal pyramid or as a picture of moderate to severe nasal obstruction. OBJECTIVE. Evaluate the etiology, associated comorbidities, management and mortality of congenital malformations of the nose in neonates and infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Cross-sectional retrospective descriptive study, 105 medical records were reviewed, of which 26 corresponded to patients with congenital nasal malformations, at the Carlos Andrade Marín Specialty Hospital in Quito - Ecuador, between January 2009 and May 2022; the tabulation and analysis of data was carried out in the Excel program. The patients were classified according to Losee et al. in 4 types: hypoplasia, hyperplasia, clefts and tumors RESULTS. Nasal anomalies occurred in males in 73.07%, all presented nasal obstruction, the diagnosis was made by flexible nasofibroscopy; in 42.3% of the cases, the evaluation was complemented with computed tomography. The most frequent congenital pathology was stenosis - choanal atresia with 53.8%, followed by craniofacial clefts with 15.39%. In 42.3% of the cases there was an association with genetic syndromes, neurological, ocular and intestinal pathology. 69.23% of the patients received clinical treatment with nasal lavages, nasal corticosteroids and positive pressure by cannula, while 30.77% were resolved surgically, being: 2 unilateral choanal atresia, 1 middle fossa stenosis, 4 cleft lip and palate and 1 encephalocele. Mortality was 7.69% CONCLUSION. Hypoplasias and clefts are the predominant pathologies, flexible nasal nasofibroscopy is the diagnostic test of choice. The clinical treatment was successful in the initial management in 69.23% of cases. Surgery was performed for the repair of facial clefts; being the hypoplasias or masses managed by endoscopic approach.

INTRODUCCIÓN. Las malformaciones congénitas se presentan en 1 de cada 5.000 a 40.000 nacidos vivos. Se presentan como una anomalía morfológica de la pirámide nasal o como un cuadro de obstrucción nasal moderada a severo. OBJETIVO. Evaluar la etiología, comorbilidades asociadas, manejo y mortalidad de las malformaciones congénitas de nariz en neonatos y lactantes. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS. Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo transversal, se revisaron 105 historias clínicas de las cuales 26 correspondieron a pacientes con malformaciones congénitas nasales, en el Hospital de Especialidades Carlos Andrade Marín de Quito - Ecuador, entre enero de 2009 a mayo de 2022; la tabulación y análisis de datos se realizó en el programa Excel. Los pacientes fueron clasificados según Losee et al. en 4 tipos: hipoplasia, hiperplasia, hendiduras y tumores. RESULTADOS. Las anomalías nasales se presentaron en el sexo masculino en el 73.07%, el motivo de consulta fue la obstrucción nasal, el diagnóstico se realizó mediante nasofibroscopía flexible; en el 42,3% de los casos se complementó la evaluación con tomografía computarizada. La patología congénita más frecuente fue la estenosis - atresia de coana con un 53,8%, seguida de hendiduras craneofaciales con un 15.39%. En el 42.3% de los casos existió asociación con síndromes genéticos, patología neurológica, ocular e intestinal. El 69,23% de los pacientes recibió tratamiento clínico con lavados nasales, corticoides por vía nasal y presión positiva por cánula, mientras que el 30,77% se resolvió quirúrgicamente, siendo: 2 atresia unilateral de coana, 1 estenosis de fosa media, 4 hendiduras labio palatinas y 1 encefalocele. La mortalidad fue del 7,69%. CONCLUSIÓN: Las hipoplasias y las hendiduras son las patologías que predominaron, la nasofibroscopia flexible nasal es el examen diagnóstico de elección. El tratamiento clínico fue exitoso en el manejo inicial en el 69,23% de casos. La cirugía se realizó para la reparación de hendiduras faciales; siendo las hipoplasias o masas manejadas por abordaje endoscópico.

Pharyngeal bulb prosthesis and speech outcome in patients with cleft palate / Obturador faríngeo e resultados de fala em pacientes com fissura palatina

Abstract Introduction: Individuals with cleft palate can present with velopharyngeal dysfunction after primary palatoplasty and require a secondary treatment due to insufficiency. In these cases, the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis can be used temporarily while awaiting secondary surgery. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the outcome of treatment of hypernasality with pharyngeal bulb prosthesis in patients with history of cleft palate presenting with velopharyngeal insufficiency after primary palatal surgery. We hypothesized that the use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency in patients with cleft palate. Methods: Thirty speakers of Brazilian Portuguese (15 males and 15 females) with operated cleft palate, ages ranging from 6 to 14 years (mean: 9 years; SD = 1.87 years), participated in the study. All patients were fitted with a pharyngeal bulb prosthesis to manage velopharyngeal insufficiency while they were awaiting corrective surgery to be scheduled. Auditory-perceptual analysis of speech recorded in the conditions with and without pharyngeal bulb prosthesis were obtained from three listeners who rated the presence or absence of hypernasality for this study. Results: Seventy percent of the patients eliminated hypernasality while employing the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis, while 30% still presented with hypernasality. The comparison was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The use of the pharyngeal bulb prosthesis is an effective approach to eliminate hypernasality related to velopharyngeal insufficiency.

Resumo Introdução: Indivíduos com fissura palatina podem apresentar disfunção velofaríngea após a palatoplastia primária e necessitam de um secundário devido à insuficiência velofaríngea. Nesses casos, o obturador faríngeo pode ser usado temporariamente enquanto se aguarda uma cirurgia secundária. Objetivo: Investigar o resultado do tratamento da hipernasalidade com o uso de obturador faríngeo em pacientes com histórico de fissura palatina que apresentam insuficiência velofaríngea após a palatoplastia primária. Nossa hipótese é que o uso do obturador faríngeo seja uma abordagem eficaz para eliminar a hipernasalidade relacionada à insuficiência velofaríngea em pacientes com fissura palatina Método: Participaram do estudo 30 indivíduos falantes do Português Brasileiro (15 homens e 15 mulheres) com fissura palatina operada, de 6 a 14 anos de idade (média: 9 anos; DP = 1,87 anos). Todos os pacientes receberam obturador faríngeo para o tratamento da insuficiência velofaríngea, enquanto aguardavam vaga para a cirurgia secundária. A análise perceptivo-auditiva da fala, realizada nas condições com e sem obturador faríngeo, foi realizada por três ouvintes, quanto à presença e ausência da hipernasalidade. Resultados: 70% dos pacientes eliminaram a hipernasalidade de fala com o uso do obturador faríngeo, enquanto 30% não eliminaram. A comparação foi estatisticamente significante (p < 0,001). Conclusão: O uso temporário do obturador faríngeo é uma abordagem efetiva para eliminar a hipernasalidade decorrente da insuficiência velofaríngea.

Effet de la prémédication par des corticoïdes systémiques sur la chirurgie endonasale de la polypose naso-sinusienne / Effect of premedication with systemic corticosteroids on endonasal surgery for naso-sinus polyposis

Déterminer si une cure préopératoire de corticoïdes systémiques réduirait le saignement au cours de la chirurgie endonasale de la polypose naso-sinusienne (PNS) et améliorerait la visualisation du champ opératoire. Méthodes: Étude prospective randomisée incluant des adultes (>18 ans) atteints de PNS primitive résistante au traitement médical et qui vont bénéficier d'une chirurgie endoscopique endonasale. Ces patients sont randomisés en deux groupes: un groupe préparé par des comprimés de prednisolone 20mg, à la posologie de 0.5mg/Kg/j pendant 7 jours avant la chirurgie et un groupe non préparé. Les critères d'évaluation sont: la perte sanguine avec la comparaison des hémoglobines (Hb) pré et postopératoires, le temps opératoire et la visibilité du champ opératoire évaluée par le chirurgien selon le score de Boezaart. Résultats: Nous avons inclus 32 patients. Dix-sept patients dans le groupe non préparé et 15 patients dans le groupe préparé. Les deux groupes étaient comparables sur le plan épidémiologique, clinique et paraclinique (p>0,05). La perte sanguine moyenne était plus importante dans le groupe non préparé (700±487 ml versus 500±480 ml) mais sans différence significative (p=0,38). La différence était statistiquement non significative (p=0,24) entre les 2 groupes pour l'Hb postopératoire et pour la différence d'Hb préopératoire - Hb post opératoire. Le temps opératoire était plus court dans le groupe préparé (80±24 min versus 90±64 min) sans différence statistiquement significative (p=0,11). Le score de Boezaart était comparable (médiane=3) (p=0,29). Conclusion: Cet essai clinique n'a pas démontré que l'administration d'une cure préopératoire de corticothérapie orale peut réduire considérablement la perte de sang au cours de la chirurgie de la PNS et améliorer la visualisation du champ opératoire

Quiste nasolabial: reporte de dos casos / Nasolabial cysts: report of two cases

Los quistes nasolabiales son lesiones quísticas poco frecuentes, que se presentan como ocupación de la fosa canina, el ala nasal o el vestíbulo nasal. Usualmente son asintomáticas, pero pueden infectarse. El diagnóstico se realiza con el examen físico y exámenes imagenológicos, como la tomografía computarizada y/o resonancia magnética. El tratamiento consiste en la extirpación quirúrgica completa por abordaje sublabial, o por marsupialización endoscópica transnasal. Se describen dos casos, uno de ellos es una paciente de sexo femenino que presenta deformidad nasal producto del crecimiento progresivo de un quiste nasolabial unilateral, y otro de un paciente de sexo masculino que presenta una celulitis facial severa, con una tomografía computarizada que muestra quistes nasolabiales bilaterales. Los quistes nasolabiales deben ser considerados como parte del diagnóstico diferencial en otorrinolaringología en cuadros de deformidad nasal y aumento de volumen facial.

Nasolabial cysts are a rare developmental cyst, presenting as a fullness of canine fossa, nasal ala or vestibule of the nose. They are usually asymptomatic but may become infected. The diagnostic approach includes physical examination and imaging studies such as computed tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is complete surgical excision by sublabial approach, or transnasal endoscopic marsupialization. Here we describe two cases, one female presenting as nasal deformity due to progressive growth of unilateral nasolabial cyst, and a healthy young male presenting severe facial cellulitis, with a computed tomography showing bilateral nasolabial cysts. Nasolabial cyst should be incorporated in the differential diagnosis of nose deformities and facial swelling in otorhinolaryngology.

Patología infecciosa del vestíbulo nasal / Infectious diseases of the nasal vestibule

El vestíbulo nasal corresponde a la primera porción de la fosa nasal, éste se encuentra delimitado lateralmente por los cartílagos alares y medialmente por el borde caudal del septum nasal y la columela. Las enfermedades infecciosas del vestíbulo nasal son patologías frecuentes en la práctica clínica; su diagnóstico se realiza en base a sospecha clínica y examen físico, requiriendo habitualmente solo manejo médico ambulatorio. Desde el punto de vista etiológico pueden ser virales, bacterianas y fúngicas. Las principales especies bacterianas involucradas corresponden a Staphylococcus coagulasa negativa, S. epidermidis, S. hominis y S. haemolyticus, difteroides spp y S. aureus. Su manejo es esencialmente médico con casos excepcionales requiriendo manejo quirúrgico. En la actualidad existe escasa información epidemiológica al respecto, lo que dificultad la clasificación de los dichos cuadros clínicos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura sobre cuadros infecciosos que afectan el vestíbulo nasal para lograr sistematizar y clarificar las distintas patologías y sus tratamientos.

The nasal vestibule corresponds to the first portion of the nasal passage, limited laterally by the lateral crus and medially by the caudal edge of the nasal septum and columella. Infectious diseases of the nasal vestibule are frequent in clinical practice, diagnosis is made based on clinical suspicion and physical examination, usually requiring only ambulatory medical management. In terms of etiology, they can be viral, bacterial and fungal. The main bacterial species involved correspond: Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis and S. haemolyticus, difteroides spp and S. aureus. Management is essentially medical and only exceptionally requires surgery. Currently, there is a lack of epidemiological information in this regard, which makes it difficult to classify these clinical conditions. A review of the literature on infectious conditions that affect the nasal vestibule was performed, to systematize and clarify the different pathologies and their management.

Tratamento cirúrgico de hemangioma infantil nasal e labial na fase involuída: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of infantile nasal and labial hemangioma in the involuted phase: a case report

Hemangioma infantil (HI) é o tumor vascular mais comum e a neoplasia benigna mais frequente da infância, com maior incidência no sexo feminino e na população branca. Quase 60% dos casos ocorrem em cabeça e pescoço, sendo o tratamento ativo durante a fase proliferativa mais frequentemente indicado, em decorrência dos possíveis problemas funcionais e do potencial desfigurante. Relatamos um caso de paciente com hemangioma infantil involuído de ponta nasal e lábio superior, tratado de forma expectante durante a infância, submetida à correção da deformidade residual com técnicas de rinoplastia, associado à zetaplastia e lipoenxertia do lábio superior com bom resultado e satisfação do paciente.

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is the most common vascular tumor and the most frequent benign neoplasm in childhood, with the highest incidence in females and the white population. Almost 60% of cases occur in the head and neck, and active treatment during the proliferative phase is the most frequently indicated, due to possible functional problems and disfiguring potential. We report a case of a patient with involute infantile hemangioma of the nasal tip and upper lip, treated expectantly during childhood, submitted to residual deformity correction with rhinoplasty techniques, associated with zetaplasty and upper lip grafting with good results and patient satisfaction.

New Ringer's lactate gel formulation on nasal comfort and humidification / Nova formulação de Ringer lactato gel no conforto e umidificação nasal

Abstract Introduction: The use of saline irrigation for nasal washes is a well established procedure in the treatment of sinonasal inflammation and infection. In addition to saline solutions, Ringer's lactate is also an efficient option for nasal washes and humidification. Objective: To assess the comfort, humidification and tolerance regarding stinging sensation, provided by sodium chloride nasal gel at the concentrations of 4.5 mg/g and 6.0 mg/g through questionnaires answered by the patients. Methods: A total of 60 patients, 56 females, aged between 22 and 66 years old (mean age of 47) and 4 males, aged between 36 and 66 years (mean age of 49), were included in the study for a period of 17 days (±2 days) treatment. The patients were monitored by a general practitioner throughout the study period. They were instructed to apply each product in both nostrils twice a day during a 7-day period (±2 days). The patients were evaluated prior to the use of the first product at visit 0 (V0), after 7 days of treatment (±2 days) at visit 1 (V1), after 3 days of product discontinuation at visit 2 (V2) and after 7 days (±2 days) of treatment with the second product, in visit 3 (V3). Results: A significant difference (5% significance) was observed regarding comfort and stinging sensation between the two different concentrations; comfort was higher and stinging was lower with the 6.0 mg/g concentration gel. No difference in humidification was observed between the two treatments. Conclusion: Ringer's lactate at the concentration of 6.0 mg/g was superior to that at 4.5 mg/g for parameters comfort and stinging sensation. No statistical difference was observed between the two products regarding nasal humidification.

Resumo Introdução: O uso de soluções salinas para lavagem nasal está consagrado no tratamento de quadros inflamatórios e infecciosos nasossinusais. Além das soluções salinas, o ringer lactato é uma importante opção tanto para lavagem quanto para a hidratação nasal. Objetivo: Avaliar a tolerabilidade (ardência e conforto) e umidificação do produto gel nasal cloreto de sódio 4,5 mg/g em relação ao ringer lactato 6,0 mg/g, por meio de questionários respondidos pelos pacientes. Método: Foram incluídos 60 pacientes, 56 mulheres (22-66 anos; média: 47 anos) e quatro homens (36-66 anos; média: 49 anos) foram incluídos no estudo de 17 dias (± 2 dias) de tratamento. Os pacientes foram supervisionados por um clínico geral durante todo o período do estudo. Os pacientes usaram os produtos com uma borrifada em cada narina duas vezes ao dia, durante sete dias (± 2 dias). As formulações foram avaliadas antes do uso do primeiro produto na visita 0 (V0), após sete dias (± 2 dias) de tratamento na visita 1 (V1), após três dias de interrupção do primeiro tratamento na visita 2 (V2) e após sete dias (± 2 dias) de uso do segundo produto na visita 3 (V3). Resultados: Foi observada diferença significante para o conforto das vias nasais, (significância de 5%), na comparação entre os tratamentos nos atributos de conforto e ardência. O conforto das vias nasais foi superior e a ardência inferior para o gel nasal ringer lactato 6,0 mg/g em comparação ao gel cloreto de sódio 4,5 mg/g. Não foi observada diferença significante para a umidificação entre os tratamentos. Conclusão: O gel ringer lactato 6,0 mg/g foi superior ao produto gel cloreto de sódio 4,5 mg/g nos quesitos conforto e ardência. Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significante entre os tratamentos em relação à umidificação das vias nasais.

Rinomodelação ou rinoplastia não-cirúrgica: uma abordagem segura e reprodutível / Rhinomodelation or non-surgical rhinoplasty: a safe and reproducible approach

Introdução: A rinoplastia é uma cirurgia que muitas vezes apresenta resultados imprevisíveis, mesmo em mãos de cirurgiões experientes. Neste sentido, a rinomodelação com preenchedores é um procedimento não-cirúrgico para corrigir pequenas alterações externas nasais em casos específicos. Métodos: Os autores descrevem a técnica de aplicação de preenchedores (ácido hialurônico ou hidroxiapatita de cálcio) para modelação nasal. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos ao preenchimento nasal, entre 2009 e 2012. Foi avaliado o edema da ponta nasal, a dor e o grau de satisfação dos pacientes com o resultado. Resultados: Foram incluídos 39 pacientes no estudo. Com relação aos desfechos analisados com ácido hialurônico: 52% apresentaram edema leve; 74% tiveram dor leve; 15% se mostraram muito satisfeitos e 74% satisfeitos com o resultado. Com relação aos pacientes submetidos à rinomodelação com hidroxiapatita de cálcio: 67% apresentaram edema moderado; 50% dor moderada; 17% dor intensa e 84% se mostraram satisfeitos com o resultado. Conclusão: A rinomodelação com preenchedores reabsorvíveis é um procedimento simples, com resultados estéticos aceitáveis, sendo necessário um profundo conhecimento anatômico para diminuir o risco de complicações.

Introduction: Rhinoplasty often leads to unpredictable results, even in the hands of experienced surgeons. However, in specific cases, rhinomodelation with fillers, a non-surgical procedure to correct minor nasal external changes, can be used. Methods: This study describes the application technique of fillers (hyaluronic acid or calcium hydroxyapatite) for nasal modeling. Patients undergoing nasal filling between 2009 and 2012 were included. Edema of the nasal tip, pain, and the degree of patient satisfaction with the outcome were assessed. Results: Thirty-nine patients were included in the study. Regarding the outcomes of rhinomodelation with hyaluronic acid, 52% patients presented with mild edema, 74% had mild pain, 15% were very satisfied, and 74% were satisfied with the result. For the outcomes of rhinomodelation with calcium hydroxyapatite, 67% patients presented with moderate edema, 50% had moderate pain; 17% had severe pain, and 84% were satisfied with the result. Conclusion: Rhinomodelation with resorbable fillers is a simple procedure with acceptable esthetic results. However, a deep anatomical knowledge is necessary to decrease the risk of complications.

Voz hipernasal y regurgitación nasal aguda: reporte de un caso clínico y revisión de la literatura / Hypernasal speech and acute nasal regurgitation: a case report and a review of the literature

RESUMEN La voz hipernasal y la regurgitación nasal son síntomas de disfunción velofaríngea. Ésta puede tener múltiples causas: anatómicas, neurológicas o funcionales. Se describe el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino, de 13 años, que se presenta con voz hipernasal y regurgitación nasal aguda. Al examen físico se evidencia inmovilidad del velo del paladar derecho sin otros hallazgos neurológicos. El estudio con resonancia nuclear magnética de cerebro y punción lumbar fueron normales. Se diagnosticó una incompetencia velofaríngea aguda transitoria, de probable etiología viral. La paciente evolucionó de forma favorable con mejoría clínica progresiva. La incompetencia velofaríngea a causa de una paresia o parálisis del nervio vago y/o nervio glosofaríngeo es una causa poco frecuente de disfunción velofaríngea.

ABSTRACT Hypernasal speech and nasal regurgitation are symptoms of velopharyngeal dysfunction. This may have multiple causes, including velopharyngeal incompetence due to paresis or paralysis of the vagus nerve and/or glossopharyngeal nerve. We describe the case of a 13 year-old female patient, with hypernasal speech and acute nasal regurgitation, with a physical examination showing immobility of the right palate with no other neurological findings. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and lumbar puncture was normal. Transient acute velopharyngeal incompetence was diagnosed, probably of viral etiology. The patient evolved favorably with progressive clinical improvement. Velopharyngeal incompetence due to paresis or paralysis of the vagus and/or glossopharyngeal nerves is a rare cause of velopharyngeal dysfunction.

Upper airway cough syndrome in 103 children / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#In China, upper airway cough syndrome (UACS) is only less frequent than cough-variant asthma and accounts for 24.71% of chronic cough. This study aimed to determine the pathogenetic constituents and factors affecting UACS in children of different age groups, and to identify clinical clues for diagnosing UACS and a method for curative effect evaluation.@*METHODS@#A total of 103 children with UACS whose chief complaint was chronic cough were studied from January to November 2013 at Children's Hospital, Capital Institute of Pediatrics. According to their age, children with UACS were divided into 3 groups: nursing children, pre-school children, and school-age children. We analyzed the differences in pathogenetic constituents and factors affecting UACS in children. The effect of UACS treatment was evaluated by the visual analog scale (VAS) and an objective examination. Chi-squared test and analysis of variance were performed with the SPSS 19.0 statistical software.@*RESULTS@#There was a high incidence of UACS in school-age children. Rhinitis with adenoid hypertrophy was the main cause of 103 suspected UACS cases. Adenoidal hypertrophy was the major cause of UACS in the pre-school children group, while rhinitis was the major reason in the nursing children and school-age children groups. Among the 103 children, there were 45 allergen-positive children, with no significant difference among different age groups. VAS scores in the different disease groups after treatment were lower than those before treatment (all P < 0.01). VAS scores in different disease groups showed significant differences, except for 12 vs. 24 weeks after treatment (P = 0.023). Different age groups had different secondary complaints.@*CONCLUSIONS@#There are different pathogeneses in different UACS age groups. Clinical treatment efficacy of children with UACS can be evaluated by the VAS combined with an objective examination. We recommend that the course of treatment should be 12 weeks.

Non-invasive continuous positive airway pressure ventilation and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy use in children without primary lung pathology: A prospective observational study

Background. Non-invasive nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) and high-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) are non-invasive ventilation (NIV) modalities appropriate for children in developing countries. There is minimal literature describing nCPAP and HFNC use in children with respiratory compromise secondary to non-pulmonary disease. Objectives. Th present study aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of children without primary lung pathology, who received nCPAP and HFNC during their admission to Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. Methods. This was a prospective observational study of routinely collected data, between August 2015 and January 2016. Primary and secondary outcome measures were NIV failure (progression to intubation and invasive ventilation) and paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission, respectively. Comparative statistics were conducted using Mann-Whitney U or t-tests. Data significantly associated with the primary and secondary outcomes on univariate analysis were entered into backward stepwise logistic regression models to determine independent predictive factors. Results. There were 31 cases of nCPAP and 1 case of HFNC use in 31 patients (median age 3.5 (interquartile range (IQR) 1.8 - 7.6) months). The majority (n=23; 71.9%) presented with primary diarrhoeal disease. There were 2 deaths (6.5%), 17 (53.1%) PICU admissions, and 5 (15.6%) cases received invasive ventilation (NIV failure). The median duration of hospital stay was 11.5 (IQR 6.0 - 17.5) days. Patients who failed NIV had lower admission SaO2 levels than those without treatment failure (95% (IQR 95 - 99) v. 100% (IQR 100 - 100); p=0.03). On multiple logistic regression, lower temperature (adjusted OR (aOR) 0.19; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.05 - 0.78; p=0.02) and receiving inotropes in the emergency setting (aOR 23.05; 95% CI 1.64 - 325.06; p=0.02) were independently associated with PICU admission. Conclusion. nCPAP was used clinically for the management of children with respiratory compromise secondary to non-pulmonary illnesses, particularly diarrhoeal disease. Larger controlled clinical studies are needed to determine the effectiveness and utility of nCPAP in this population. HFNC was not commonly used, and this modality requires further investigation in this population

Aspects épidémiologiques et cliniques des pathologies naso-sinusiennes en consultation dans une structure de santé de proximité de Bamako

Introduction : La pathologie naso-sinusienne occupe une place importante en ORL. Sa prise en charge passe par une étude de données de la circonscription concernée. Ce travail avait pour but d'établir le profil épidémiologique, et clinique des pathologies naso-sinusiennes. Matériels et méthode : Il s'agissait d'une étude transversale descriptive menée en consultation sur une période de six mois allant de janvier 2018 à juin 2018 dans l'unité d'ORL-CCF du Centre de Santé de Référence de la Commune V de Bamako. Ont été inclus tout patient venu pour la première fois en consultation dans ladite unité pour pathologie naso-sinusienne. Résultats : Les pathologies naso-sinusiennes ont représenté 12,62% des consultations qui s'élevaient à 1656 patients. Nous avons recensé 60,3% de femmes et 39,7% d'hommes. La tranche d'âge 21-30 ans a constitué 25,8% des cas. L'âge moyen a été de 29 ans, avec des extrêmes de 11 jours et 80 ans. Les motifs de consultation ont été l'obstruction nasale (41,6%), l'épistaxis (19,2%), et les rhinorrhées 12,4%. Les rhinites ont représenté 59,8%, les sinusites 20,1%, les corps étrangers et les épistaxis chacun 7,6% des diagnostics. Un cas de tuberculose nasale a été observé. Conclusion : Les pathologies naso-sinusiennes sont dominées par la pathologie inflammatoire et infectieuse

Schwannome endonasal à localisation turbinale inférieure. A propos d'un cas

Introduction : Le schwannome est une tumeur bénigne développée aux dépens des cellules de Schwann des nerfs périphériques. La localisation endonasale en particulier au niveau des cornets est rare. Observation : Nous rapportons le cas d'une femme de 23 ans reçue dans notre structure pour une masse de la fosse nasale droite localisée au niveau du cornet inférieur, obstruant totalement la lumière nasale, sans envahissement local. Après un bilan endoscopique et radiologique, l'exérèse a été effectuée par voie endoscopique endonasale. L'analyse de la pièce opératoire avait mis en évidence un schwannome. Avec un recul de 24 mois nous n'avons pas noté de récidive. Conclusion : Le schwannome à point de départ turbinal inférieur constitue une entité rare. Il doit être considéré dans le diagnostic différentiel d'une tumeur bénigne unilatérale des cavités naso-sinusiennes

Lesiones destructivas de la línea media facial secundarias al consumo de cocaína: caso clínico / Cocaine induced midline destructive lesions: report of one case

Vasculitic midline destructive lesions can be a complication of cocaine use. We report a 44-year-old man who presented with a two months history of left facial pain associated with ipsilateral facial paralysis and a cheek phlegmon. Magnetic resonance imaging showed broad soft tissue destruction linked to important cranial nerve involvement. Antibiotic and antifungal therapy was started and multiple surgical debridement procedures were performed, with no clinical improvement. Microbiological analysis was negative. Finally, thanks to the histologic findings corresponding to vasculitis and granuloma formation and the history of cocaine abuse, a cocaine induced midline destructive lesion was diagnosed.