Caracterización de estilos de aprendizaje, satisfacción y acceso a residencia médica en participantes de un programa de educación médica continuada bimodal/virtual en Medellín, Colombia, 2017 / Characterization of Learning Styles, Satisfaction, and Access to Medical Residency in Participants of a Bimodal/Virtual Continuing Medical Education Program in Medellín, Colombia, 2017

Introducción: los estilos de aprendizaje son rasgos del estudiante que pueden ayudar a la planificación curricular en educación médica. No se conoce con certeza si algún estilo de aprendizaje específico se relaciona con la satisfacción en educación médica continuada o si aumenta las probabilidades de acceder a una residencia médica. Objetivo: este trabajo buscó categorizar los estilos de aprendizaje en una cohorte de médicos, describir su satisfacción según cada estilo de aprendizaje y el acceso a una residencia médica. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal en médicos cursando un diplomado de actualización médica. Se categorizaron estilos de aprendizaje y sus combinaciones (activo, reflexivo, teórico y pragmático). Se calculó la diferencia de medias de satisfacción del curso. Posteriormente, se evaluó la asociación entre el estilo de aprendizaje y el acceso a un cupo de residencia médica. Resultados: trescientos once médicos (n=311) aceptaron participar. El 75 % tenían entre uno y dos estilos dominantes, siendo el más frecuente el reflexivo/teórico (n=108; 34,7%). No se encontró una mayor satisfacción global asociada a un estilo en particular. Conclusión: el estilo de aprendizaje dominante es el reflexivo/teórico. La satisfacción global es mayor en la modalidad bimodal. No se encontró asociación con ningún estilo de aprendizaje y el acceso a residencia médica.

Introduction: learning styles are student traits that can aid in curriculum planning in medical education. It is not known for certain if any specific learning style is related to satisfaction in continuing medical education or if it increases the chances of accessing a medical residency. Objective: the learning styles are student traits that can aid in curriculum planning in medical education. This study aimed to categorize learning styles within a cohort of physicians, describe their satisfaction according to each learning style, and assess access to a medical residency program. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted with physicians attending a diploma in clinical and surgical areas. Learning styles were categorized according to the CAMEA40 questionnaire. The median differences of course satisfaction was calculated. Subsequently, the association between each learning styles and access to a medical residency post was evaluated. Results: three hundred eleven (n = 311) agreed to participate. A total of 75 % had between one and two dominant learning style, the most frequent being the reflective/theoretical (n = 108; 34,7 %). No greater overall satisfaction associated with a particular learning style was found. Conclusion: one-third of the doctors had a reflective/theoretical profile. The overall satisfaction and access to a medical residency were no associated with any learning style.

Low-cost versus high-fidelity pediatric simulators for difficult airway management training: a randomized study in continuing medical education

Abstract Background: High-fidelity (HF) pediatric patient simulators are expensive. This randomized study aimed to compare the quality and educational impact of a full-scale simulation workshop with an HF infant simulator (SimBaby™, Laerdal) or with a low-cost (LC) simulator composed of an inert infant manikin with SimBaby™ software that displays respiratory/hemodynamic parameters on a monitor for medical education in pediatric difficult airway management. Methods: After written informed consent, anesthetists and emergency or ICU physicians participated in teams (4 to 6 participants) in a training session that included direct participation and observation of two difficult intubation scenarios. They were randomized into two groups (HF group, n = 65 and LC group, n = 63). They filled out a simulation quality score (SQS, 0 to 50), self-evaluated their anesthetists' non-technical skills (ANTS) score (15 to 60), and an educational quality score (EQS, 0 to 60) immediately (T0, main criteria), as well as 3 (T3) and 6 (T6) months after the training session. Results: We enrolled 128 physicians. Direct participation SQS (39 ± 5 HF group versus 38 ± 5 LC group), observation SQS (41 ± 4 H F group versus 39 ± 5 LC group), ANTS scores (38 ± 4 HF group versus 39 ± 6 LC group), T0 SQS (44 ± 5 HF group versus 43 ± 6 LC group), T3 and T6 SQS were not different between groups. Conclusion: Our low-cost simulator should be suggested as a less expensive alternative to an HF simulator for continuing medical education in pediatric difficult airway management.

Situación actual de la enseñanza quirúrgica por simulación en Venezuela / Current status of surgical training with simulation in Venezuela

La simulación constituye un instrumento beneficioso para la adquisición de destrezas quirúrgicas. Su disponibilidad en países en vías de desarrollo representa un obstáculo importante en la educación quirúrgica contemporánea.Objetivo : Identificar centros de capacitación quirúrgica en Venezuela que utilicen la simulación para el entrenamiento de habilidades técnicas y conocer la opinión de los miembros de la Sociedad Venezolana de Cirugía (SVC) acerca de su uso para desarrollar habilidades en cirugía abierta.Métodos : Estudio transversal y descriptivo. Se enviaron encuestas por correo electrónico a todos los miembros activos de la SVC. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para el análisis y presentación de los datos.Resultados : De 1115 encuestas enviadas, 111 fueron completadas; 67,6 % de los participantes no tienen conocimientos sobre la existencia de centros de entrenamiento basados en simulación quirúrgica; el 99,1 % están de acuerdo con implementar la simulación como método de capacitación complementario y consideran importante el entrenamiento de habilidades en cirugía abierta; 94,6 % manifestó que el entrenamiento debe estructurarse y ejecutarse en módulos que inicien con tareas básicas para luego avanzar hacia procedimientos más complejos; 75 % de los procedimientos avanzados que deben practicarse con mayor frecuencia corresponden al sistema gastrointestinal, destacando las anastomosis intestinales (74,7 %).Conclusión : la gran mayoría de los cirujanos en las Instituciones de salud de Venezuela no tienen acceso a la simulación como herramienta educativa, a pesar de estar de acuerdo con que su implementación es altamente potenciadora para el desarrollo de habilidades técnicas(AU)

Simulation represents a beneficial tool for acquiring surgical skills. Its availability in developing countries poses a significant obstacle in contemporary surgical education.Objective : To identify surgical training centers in Venezuela that use simulation for technical skills training, and to understand the opinion of members of the Venezuelan Society of Surgery (SVC) regarding its use for developing open surgical skills.Methods : A cross-sectional, descriptive study. Surveys were sent via email to all active SVC members. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis and presentation.Results : Of the 1,115 surveys sent, 111 were completed. 67.6% of the participants were unaware of the existence of simulation-based surgical training centers. 99.1% agreed with implementing simulation as a complementary training method and considered training in open surgery skills important. 94.6% stated that training should be structured and conducted in modules starting with basic tasks and progressing to more complex procedures; 75% of the advanced procedures that should be practiced more frequently were related to the gastrointestinal system, with intestinal anastomoses (74.7%) being particularly highlighted.Conclusion : The majority of surgeons in Venezuelan healthcare institutions do not have access to simulation as an educational tool, despite agreeing that its implementation is highly beneficial for the development of technical skills(AU)

A clínica psicanalítica das urgências subjetivas no hospital universitário: construção de um caso clínico / Psychoanalysis of subjective urgencies at a university hospital: construing a clinical case / La clínica psicoanalítica de urgencias subjetivas en el hospital universitario: construcción de un caso clínico

O hospital constitui-se como um contexto em que a urgência subjetiva pode vir a se apresentar de forma frequente, instaurando, para cada sujeito, uma vivência de angústia. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar as possibilidades para uma clínica das urgências subjetivas no contexto de um hospital universitário em Salvador, considerando as vivências em uma residência multiprofissional. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório, em que se realizou revisão teórica sobre o tema e se construiu um caso clínico, sob orientação psicanalítica. A escolha do caso baseou-se na escuta clínica ao longo dos atendimentos e da atuação em equipe multiprofissional, considerando os impasses ao longo do tratamento. Foram utilizados registros documentais produzidos pela psicóloga residente ao longo dos atendimentos, que ocorreram durante três meses. Os resultados apontam para as contribuições da escuta psicanalítica no tratamento das urgências e na atuação em equipe multiprofissional no contexto hospitalar. A subjetivação da urgência permitiu, no caso em questão, um tratamento pela palavra do que havia incidido diretamente no corpo como fenômeno. Conclui-se pela relevância em discutir o tema da urgência e suscitar novas pesquisas, reintroduzindo no contexto hospitalar a questão sobre a subjetividade.(AU)

Hospitals are contexts in which subjective urgency can frequently materialize, triggering an experience of anguish for each subject. Hence, this research investigates the possibilities of establishing a subjective urgency clinic at a university hospital in Salvador, considering the experiences in a multidisciplinary residence. A qualitative, exploratory research was conducted by means of a theoretical review on the topic and construction of a clinical case, under psychoanalytical advisement. The case was chosen based on clinical listening during the sessions and performance in a multidisciplinary team, considering the obstacles for long-term treatment. Data were collected from documentary records produced by the resident psychologist during three months. Results point to the contributions of psychoanalytic listening to treating subjective urgencies and to the performance of a multidisciplinary team in the hospital context. In the case in question, subjectivation of urgency allowed a treatment through the word of affecting phenomenon. In conclusion, discussing urgency and conducting further research, are fundamental to reintroduce subjectivity in the hospital context.(AU)

El hospital es un contexto en el que frecuentemente se puede percibir una urgencia subjetiva, estableciendo una experiencia de angustia para cada sujeto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar las posibilidades de una clínica de urgencia subjetiva en el contexto de un hospital universitario en Salvador (Brasil), considerando las experiencias en una Residencia Multiprofesional. Se trata de una investigación cualitativa, de carácter exploratorio, en la que se realizó una revisión teórica sobre el tema y construcción de un caso clínico, con orientación psicoanalítica. La elección del caso se basó en la escucha clínica a lo largo de las sesiones y actuación en un equipo multidisciplinar, considerando los impasses para el tratamiento a largo plazo. Se utilizaron registros documentales elaborados por el psicólogo residente, durante las atenciones, que se realizaron durante tres meses. Los resultados apuntan a las contribuciones de la escucha psicoanalítica en el tratamiento de urgencias y en la actuación de un equipo multidisciplinario en el contexto hospitalario. La subjetivación de la urgencia permitió, en el caso en cuestión, un tratamiento a través de la palabra de lo que había afectado directamente al cuerpo como fenómeno. Se concluye que es relevante discutir el tema de la urgencia y plantear nuevas investigaciones, reintroduciendo el tema de la subjetividad en el contexto hospitalario.(AU)

Educação permanente no sistema único de saúde: concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços / Continuing permanent education in the brazilian national health system: conceptions from management and care professionals / Educación continua en el sistema único de salud brasileño: concepciones de los profesionales de gestión y servicios

Este artigo pretende compreender as concepções de profissionais da gestão e dos serviços do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) sobre Educação Permanente em Saúde (EPS), bem como seus desafios e potencialidades. Utilizou-se de grupo focal para coleta, seguido de análise lexical do tipo classificação hierárquica descendente com auxílio do software Iramuteq. Os resultados delinearam quatro classes: a) EPS - entendimentos e expectativas; b) entraves à EPS; c) ETSUS e EPS por meio de cursos e capacitações; e d) dispositivos de EPS: potencialidades e desafios. Os participantes apontaram equívocos de entendimentos acerca da EPS ao equipará-la à Educação Continuada (EC) voltada à transferência de conteúdo, com repercussões negativas na prática de EPS. Discute-se o risco em centralizar o responsável pela concretização dessa proposta, que deveria ser coletiva e compartilhada entre diferentes atores. Reivindica-se, portanto, uma produção colaborativa, que possa circular entre os envolvidos, de modo que cada um experimente esse lugar e se aproprie da complexidade de interações propiciadas pela Educação Permanente em Saúde.(AU)

This article aims to understand the conceptions of professionals from the management and services of the Unified Health System (SUS) on Permanent Education in Health (EPS), as well as its challenges and potential. A focus group was used for data collection, followed by a lexical analysis of the descending hierarchical classification type using the Iramuteq software. The results delineated four classes: a) EPS - understandings and expectations; b) obstacles to EPS; c) ETSUS and EPS by courses and training; and d) EPS devices: potentialities and challenges. Participants pointed out misunderstandings about EPS, when equating it with Continuing Education (CE) focused on content transfer, with negative repercussions on EPS practice. The risk of centralizing the person responsible for implementing this proposal, which should be collective and shared among different actors, is discussed. Therefore, a collaborative production is claimed for, which can circulate among those involved, so that each one experiences this place and appropriates the complexity of interactions provided by Permanent Education in Health.(AU)

Este artículo tiene por objetivo comprender las concepciones de los profesionales de la gestión y servicios del Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) sobre Educación Continua en Salud (EPS), así como sus desafíos y potencialidades. Se utilizó un grupo focal para la recolección de datos, seguido por un análisis léxico del tipo clasificación jerárquica descendente con la ayuda del software Iramuteq. Los resultados delinearon cuatro clases: a) EPS: entendimientos y expectativas, b) Barreras para EPS, c) ETSUS y EPS a través de cursos y capacitación, y d) Dispositivos EPS: potencialidades y desafíos. Los participantes informaron que existen malentendidos sobre EPS al equipararla a Educación Continua, con repercusiones negativas en la práctica de EPS, orientada a la transferencia de contenidos. Se discute el riesgo de elegir a un solo organismo como responsable de implementar esta propuesta colectiva, que debería ser colectiva y compartida entre los diferentes actores. Se aboga por un liderazgo colaborativo, que pueda circular entre los involucrados, para que cada uno experimente este lugar y se apropie de la complejidad de interacciones que brinda la Educación Continua en Salud.(AU)

El profesor de cirugía, más que un cirujano / The Professor of Surgery, more than a surgeon

Introducción. La educación médica en cirugía se encuentra en transformación, producto de la incorporación de estrategias pedagógicas en sus procesos docente-asistenciales. Sin embargo, existe una limitación de los docentes para responder a las necesidades educativas actuales propias de un programa de especialización en cirugía. Estudios sobre el tema han identificado puntos de intervención en las competencias docentes, con una nueva concepción de un profesor de cirugía. Métodos. Se analizó, con una posición crítica y desde la perspectiva del residente, los atributos esperados en un profesor de cirugía de alta calidad. Discusión. Se caracterizaron los roles de un profesor de cirugía, acorde con la actividad clínica y quirúrgica habitual, sus cualidades e impacto esperado como generador de un cambio en las competencias, técnicas y no técnicas, de un profesional médico en especialización. Asimismo, se efectuó una aproximación teórica al proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la cirugía, así como de la construcción de su identidad docente, y los alcances pedagógicos de un profesor de cirugía en la actualidad. Conclusiones. El perfil del cirujano general ha cambiado y los profesores de cirugía deben estar a la altura de este reto. Los nuevos modelos educativos favorecen un impacto positivo en los postgrados y en la percepción del residente sobre su proceso formativo. Sin embargo, es necesario una reconfiguración del docente, dentro de un contexto propio del ejercicio de la cirugía y su responsabilidad social. Los programas académicos están obligados a propiciar el desarrollo profesoral en pro de elevar el nivel del futuro cirujano.

Introduction. Medical education in surgery is undergoing transformation as a result of the incorporation of pedagogical strategies in its teaching-assistance processes. However, there is a limitation of the professors to respond to the current educational needs of a specialization program in surgery. Studies on the subject have identified points of intervention in teaching skills, with a new conception of a professor of surgery.Methods. The expected attributes in a high-quality professor of surgery were analyzed from a critical point of view and from the resident's perspective. Discussion. The roles of a professor of surgery were characterized, in accordance with the usual clinical and surgical activity, their qualities, and expected impact as a generator of a change in technical and non-technical skills of a medical professional in specialization. Likewise, a theoretical approach to the teaching-learning process of surgery was carried out, as well as the construction of its teaching identity, and the pedagogical scope of a professor of surgery today. Conclusions. The profile of the general surgeon has changed and professors of surgery must rise to this challenge. The new educational models favor a positive impact on postgraduate courses and on the resident's perception of their training process. However, a reconfiguration of the teacher is necessary, within a context of the exercise of surgery and its social responsibility. The academic programs are required to promote teacher development in order to raise the level of the future surgeon.

Potencialidades e fragilidades da supervisão acadêmica no cenário da pandemia do covid-19: relato de experiência / Potentials and weaknesses of academic supervision during the covid-19 pandemic: an experience report / Potencialidades y fragilidades de la supervisión académica en el escenario de la pandemia del covid-19: reporte de experiencia

A pandemia pelo Covid-19¹ levou o Brasil ao maior colapso sanitário-hospitalar de sua história. O Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) prevê a qualificação profissional dos médicos, além de contar com as instituições públicas de educação superior por meio da supervisão acadêmica2. Contudo, a situação pandêmica restringiu as visitas de supervisão, as quais passaram a ser realizadas virtualmente. Com isto, este artigo busca conhecer o olhar dos supervisores acadêmicos na atuação dentro do PMMB, no contexto da pandemia do Covid-19, a luz das fragilidades e potencialidades no que tange à atuação na atenção básica. Trata-se de um relato de experiência realizado com base nos relatórios de acompanhamento do processo de supervisão acadêmica. Foram realizados nos momentos de avaliação das supervisões, elaborado pela tutoria, com os 16 supervisores, entre 2020 e 2021. Como resultado, notamos a indisponibilidade de internet estável nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), perda da vinculação, devido a distância física não propiciar o fortalecimento do vínculo com os gestores das secretarias de saúde, dificuldades no manejo clínico das infecções respiratórias, a realização de diagnósticos diferenciais, a gestão da demanda reprimida e prejuízos frente à saúde mental dos profissionais. Portanto, o uso de ferramentas virtuais para manter o vínculo com seus supervisionados foi a estratégia mais efetiva nesse período de distanciamento social. A pandemia pelo Covid-19 trouxe desafios para os profissionais médicos, porém mesmo diante das fragilidades apontadas, à presença do supervisor acadêmico, se possibilitou a educação permanente, diante de uma doença nova e com atualizações de propedêutica recorrentes, bem como o apoio organizacional e ético.

The Covid-19 pandemic resulted in the biggest health system collapse in Brazil's history. Within the Mais Médicos Program (PMM), professional qualification by academic supervision relied on public higher education institutions, activity that became restricted to virtual meetings due to the pandemic situation. Given this context, this experience report investigates how academic supervisors evaluate their performance within the PMM during the Covid-19 pandemic, focusing on the weaknesses and potentialities in primary health care. Data were collected from the academic supervision monitoring reports on tutoring evaluation carried out by 16 supervisors, between 2020 and 2021. Poor internet connection (instability, loss of connection) in the UBS hinders strengthening the bond between physicians and health management. Results point to difficulties in the clinical management of respiratory infections, in performing differential diagnoses, in managing pent-up demand and mental health issues. During social distancing, the use of virtual tools was the most effective strategy to maintain the academic bonds. Notwithstanding the challenges brought and weaknesses revealed by the pandemic, the academic supervision enabled permanent education in the face of a new disease and recurrent propaedeutic updates, as well as organizational and ethical support.

La pandemia del COVID-19¹ llevó a Brasil al mayor colapso sanitario hospitalario de su historia. El Programa Más Médicos (PMM) prevé la calificación profesional de los médicos y de las instituciones  de educación superior públicas, a través de la supervisión académica. Sin embargo, la situación pandémica ha restringido las visitas de supervisión, que ahora se han realizado de manera virtual. Ante lo anterior, este artículo tiene como objetivo conocer la perspectiva de los supervisores académicos en el desempeño del PMM en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19, a la luz de las debilidades  y potencialidades en cuanto al desempeño en la atención primaria. Este es un informe de experiencia basado en los informes de seguimiento del proceso de supervisión académica, realizado por la tutoría en los momentos de evaluación de las supervisiones, en la que participaron 16 supervisores en el período entre 2020 y 2021. La indisponibilidad de internet estable en la Unidad Básica de Salud (UBS) y la pérdida de conexión por distanciamiento físico no brindan el fortalecimiento del vínculo con los directivos de los departamentos de salud. Se observaron dificultades en el manejo clínico de las infecciones respiratorias, realización de diagnósticos diferenciales, manejo de la demanda acumulada y problemas de salud mental entre los profesionales. Se concluye que el uso de herramientas virtuales para mantener el vínculo con sus supervisados fue la estrategia más efectiva en este período de distanciamiento social. La pandemia del COVID-19 ha generado desafíos para los profesionales médicos. Sin embargo, en estas debilidades, la presencia del supervisor académico posibilitó  la educación permanente frente a una nueva enfermedad y con actualizaciones propedéuticas recurrentes, además de apoyo organizacional y ético.

Medical internship training during the COVID-19 pandemic ­ A case of 'sacrificial pawns' or not?

Background: Newly qualified medical practitioners in South Africa (SA) are part of the frontline health care workers who face Africa's most severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The experiences of interns during the pandemic reflect SA's preparedness to respond in a crisis and inform strategies that could be adopted to balance training and service in resource-challenged contexts. Aim: To explore the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats posed during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic as reflected on by interns within the clinical training platforms in SA. Setting: Public hospitals in KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: An online questionnaire consisting of eight open-ended questions based on the SWOT framework related to personal and professional perspectives to clinical training during the COVID-19 pandemic was developed using SurveyMonkey. All data were collected remotely via social media platforms. Data were thematically analyzed. Results: Forty-six interns reflected on personal and systemic challenges as the major threats and weaknesses in intern training during the COVID-19 pandemic. Extrapolating on strengths and opportunities, there were three overarching learnings interns reflected on. These related to being a medical professional, communities of practice and the development and enhancement of clinical and non-clinical competencies. Existing challenges in the environment exacerbated the threats posed by COVID-19 and innovative strategies related to improving support, feedback, broadening the intern curriculum and online training. Conclusion: Although the clinical environment where interns learn and work is often stressful and overpowered by high service burdens, there are unique opportunities to enhance self-directed learning and graduate competencies, even in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Continuing professional development system for health-care professions, Egypt

While the regulatory framework for medical education in Egypt has rapidly evolved, the progress of developing a system for continuing professional development has been slow. In 2018 the government approved legislation establishing a regulatory authority for continuing professional development and added expectations for continuing professional development as a condition of relicensure for physicians in Egypt. The new authority has deployed a provider-accreditation model that sets criteria for educational quality, learning outcomes, independence from industry, and tracking of learners. Only accredited providers can submit continuing professional development accredited activities. Despite regulatory and administrative support there have been several barriers to the implementation of the system including limited availability of funding, lack of suitable training venues and equipment for hands-on training, and resistance from the profession. As of March 2022, 112 continuing professional development providers have achieved accreditation, and deployed 154 accredited continuing professional development activities. The majority of accredited providers were medical associations (64%) and higher education institutions (18%), followed by medical foundations and nongovernmental organizations (13%) and health-care facilities (5%). One electronic learning platform has been accredited. Any entity with commercial interests cannot be accredited as a continuing professional development provider. Funding of continuing professional development activities can be derived from provider budgets, programme registration fees or appropriate sponsors. Funding from industry is limited to unrestricted educational grants. The foundations for an effective continuing professional development system have been established in Egypt with the aim of achieving international recognition.

Knowledge of emergency preparedness among nurses in Machakos level five Hospital in Machakos County, Kenya

BACKGROUND An emergency is an unexpected event that disrupts normal operations within a health facility and requires immediate interventions to address it. Knowledge of emergency preparedness is an important role of clinical nursing to enhance patient outcomes. This study aimed to determine the types of emergencies received at Machakos Level 5 Hospital (ML5H) and to assess the nurses' level of knowledge on emergency preparedness. MATERIALS AND METHOD This was a descriptive cross-sectional research design. The study was conducted at Machakos Level 5 Hospital, Machakos County, Kenya. The sample included 132 nurses working at ML5H, who were randomly selected and consented to participate in the study. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire and an observation checklist. Data were coded and entered into SPSS version 25 software and the analysis included descriptive statistical tests. RESULTS A little more than a half (56%) of the nurses were found to have adequate knowledge of emergency preparedness; 65% had attended training on emergency preparedness and 63% indicated that training had enhanced their competence. CONCLUSION A higher proportion of nurses reported not participating in emergency drills that could be used to improve their knowledge and skills in emergency preparedness. The results of the study indicate that there is a need to enhance the knowledge of nurses' on emergency preparedness.

Ten years of IRCAD, Barretos, SP, Brazil

Minimally invasive surgery represented a significant milestone in modern surgery; however, continuous innovation and the emergence of new technologies pose new challenges in terms of surgical learning curves since new interventions are associated with increased surgical complexity and a higher risk of complications. For this reason, surgeons are aware of the beneficial effects of "learning before doing" and the importance of safely implementing new surgical procedures in order to obtain better patient outcomes. Considered the largest Latin American training center in minimally invasive surgery, IRCAD Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, makes it possible to acquire surgical skills through training in different and the most complex areas of medicine, providing the experience of real and simulated situations, with focus on innovation. The center possesses state-of-the-art infrastructure and technology, with a very high-level teaching staff and an affectionate and hospitable reception. Since its inauguration, in 2011, the center has already qualified numerous professionals and has placed the country in a privileged position in terms of surgical knowledge. The present article describes the activities developed over these ten years of the institute in Brazil as the largest training center for surgeons of the continent in order to address the importance of surgical skills training.

Percepción de los estudiantes de histología sobre el aprendizaje basado en problemas / Perception of Histology Students Regarding Problem Based Learning

Actuales tendencias educativas en ciencias de la salud manifiestan necesidad de integrar currículum en líneas verticales promoviendo trabajo en equipo y resolución de problemas mediante metodología de pequeños grupos. Objetivo Valorar la percepción de estudiantes de la clase de histología acerca del aprendizaje basado en problemas en la Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras en el Valle de Sula (EUCS/UNAH-VS) en el en el segundo período academico del 2018. Metodología Estudio mixto predominantemente cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Instrumento tipo encuesta. Muestra por conveniencia de 22 estudiantes de la EUCS/UNAH-VS. La tabulación de datos y medidas de tendencia central y dispersión se realizaron en Excel, preguntas abiertas analizadas por concordancia con coeficiente kappa de Cohen. Resultados Percepción positiva en aspectos valorados por mayoría de estudiantes; estímulo del autoaprendizaje, pensamiento crítico, integración de conceptos básicos en ciencias clínicas con una media para todos los aspectos: 4.8 de 5. El 90.9% consideró que el método refuerza contenidos, el 95.5% integra conceptos de ciencias básicas y clínicas, el 90.9%, estimula autoaprendizaje, el 77% el pensamiento crítico, 95.5% consideró adecuada la facilitación y el 72.7% desearía más temas ejecutados de esta forma. Preguntas de respuesta abierta revelaron que: cambiarían organización de grupos, mayor tiempo y mejor planificación, considerar otra metodología de evaluación. Conclusión los estudiantes mostraron una respuesta positiva a este tipo de metodología resaltando el autoaprendizaje, refuerzo de contenidos e integración de ciencias básicas con ciencias clínicas de medicina...(AU)

Sigilo médico na era digital: análise da relação médico-paciente / Medical confidentiality in the digital era: an analysis of physician-patient relations / Confidencialidad médica en la era digital: análisis de la relación médico-paciente

Resumo O estudo analisa o sigilo na relação médico-paciente, abordando a influência de novas tecnologias, como as mídias sociais, no exercício da profissão, e aferindo o conhecimento de profissionais sobre situações em que o sigilo pode ser quebrado sem consequências legais. Trata-se de pesquisa de natureza exploratória, de abordagem quantitativa e corte transversal realizada entre outubro e novembro de 2019, com 116 médicos, por meio de questionário estruturado com 19 questões, entre as quais cinco avaliaram o conhecimento sobre sigilo profissional de acordo com o Código de Ética Médica e o ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Considerou-se que os médicos que responderam três ou mais questões corretamente apresentaram conhecimento satisfatório sobre o uso de mídias sociais e o sigilo médico (apenas 55,2% dos entrevistados). O resultado revela a importância da educação médica continuada, principalmente quanto ao sigilo médico.

Abstract The study analyzes confidentiality in the physician-patient relations, addressing how new technologies, such as social media, influence professional practice, and assessing the professionals' knowledge regarding situations in which confidentiality can be broken without legal consequences. This cross-sectional, quantitative and exploratory research took place between October and November 2019, involving 116 physicians who answered a structured questionnaire with 19 questions, among which five assessed knowledge on professional secrecy according to the Code of Medical Ethics and the Brazilian legal system. Physicians who answered three or more questions correctly were considered to have satisfactory knowledge on social media use and medical confidentiality (only 55.2% of respondents). Results reveal the importance of continuing medical education, especially regarding medical confidentiality.

Resumen El estudio analiza la confidencialidad en la relación médico-paciente, abordando la influencia de las nuevas tecnologías, como las redes sociales, en el ejercicio de la profesión, y midiendo el conocimiento de los profesionales sobre situaciones en las que la confidencialidad puede romperse sin consecuencias legales. Se trata de una investigación exploratoria, con enfoque cuantitativo y transversal, realizada entre octubre y noviembre de 2019, con 116 médicos, mediante un cuestionario estructurado con 19 preguntas, entre las que cinco evaluaron conocimientos sobre la confidencialidad profesional según el Código de Ética Médica. y el sistema legal brasileño. Se consideró que los médicos que respondieron correctamente a tres o más preguntas tenían un conocimiento satisfactorio sobre el uso de las redes sociales y la confidencialidad médica (solo el 55,2% de los encuestados). El resultado revela la importancia de la educación médica continua, especialmente en lo que respecta a la confidencialidad médica.

Simulación de intubación pediátrica con videolaringoscopio de bajo costo en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 / Simulation of pediatric intubation using a low-cost videolaryngoscope in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic

En pacientes con infección por SARS-CoV-2 la intubación endotraqueal es un procedimiento con riesgo elevado de contagio. La videolaringoscopia complementa la protección del profesional, pero los videolaringoscopios comerciales son caros y no siempre están disponibles en las terapias intensivas pediátricas argentinas. El objetivo fue describir la práctica de intubación en un modelo de cabeza de simulación de lactante con un videolaringoscopio artesanal de bajo costo.Quince pediatras sin experiencia previa con el dispositivo participaron de una práctica de intubación en una cabeza de simulación con un videolaringoscopio artesanal. El tiempo promedio del primer intento fue de 116,4 segundos (intervalo de confianza del 95 % [IC95 %]: 84,8-148,0) y, el del siguiente fue de 44,2 segundos (IC95 %: 27,7­60,6). El tiempo disminuyó de forma significativa en el segundo intento (p : 0,0001). El dispositivo permitió la intubación exitosa en todos los intentos acortando la duración del procedimiento en la segunda práctica

In patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, endotracheal intubation is a procedure with a high risk for transmission. A videolaryngoscopy is a supplementary level of health care provider protection, but commercial videolaryngoscopes are expensive and not always available in pediatric intensive care units in Argentina. Our objective was to describe intubation practice using an infant head mannequin with a low-cost, handcrafted videolaryngoscope.Fifteen pediatricians with no prior experience using the device participated in an intubation practice in a head mannequin with a handcrafted videolaryngoscope. The average time for the first attempt was 116.4 seconds (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 84.8-148.0) and, for the second one, 44.2 seconds (95 % CI: 27.7-60.6). Time decreased significantly for the second attempt (p: 0.0001).A successful intubation was achieved with the device in all attempts, and the procedure duration decreased with the second practice