Comparison of oral manifestations with CD4 count in HIV-infected patients.

Aim and Objective: This study was carried out with the primary aim of correlating oral changes and general changes of HIV-infected patients with their CD4 count. Materials and Methods: 124 patients were selected, and after taking their informed consent, they were subjected to detailed history taking and thorough clinical examination. Specific oral lesions and general physical changes were recorded. Every patient was subjected to laboratory investigation for CD4 count. All these findings were tabulated. The clinical observation and laboratory findings were subjected to critical analysis and correlated. Statistical test, i.e. Student's " t" test, was applied and objective conclusions were drawn. Result: Out of 124 patients, 40 had oral candidiasis, 6 had oral hairy leukoplakia, 12 had periodontal disease, 20 had xerostomia, 30 had melanin pigmentation, while 4 had HSV2, and atypical ulceration. Out of 40 patients with oral candidiasis, 28 patients had CD4 count <200 (group A), 10 patients were in group, B (CD4 count 200-500 cell/mm 3 ) and 2 patients in group C(CD4 >500 cell/mm 3 ). Oral hairy leukoplakia occurred in equal proportions in group A and B. These periodontal diseases were more commonly in group B; xerostomia and melanin pigmentation was equally seen in group A and B. Conclusion: Oral candidiasis, oral hairy leukoplakia, linear gingival erythema, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis are specific oral indicators which will definitely suggest to the dental surgeon that the disease is running a rapid downhill course and due to this the oral physician is in a position to raise a suspicion and alert the general physician regarding the declining immune status of patient.

Periodonto: consideraciones en pacientes oncológicos que requieren quimioterapia / Periodontium: some considerations in oncologic patients requiring chemotherapy

El cáncer es una enfermedad sistémica en la cual el organismo produce células malignas en exceso, que tienen un desenfrenado crecimiento y división. El cáncer causa el 13 por ciento de las muertes por enfermedad en el planeta, convirtiéndose en la segunda enfermedad responsable de muertes, detrás de las enfermedades cardíacas. Se estima que a lo largo del siglo XXI ha de convertirse en la principal enfermedad que afecte a personas en países desarrollados. Aún así, se ha producido un aumento en la supervivencia de los pacientes oncológicos. El tratamiento del cáncer es multidisciplinario y en él la cooperación de los distintos profesionales que intervienen es de gran importancia para su correcta planificación. Se basa en tres pilares: la cirugía, la radioterapia y la quimioterapia. También existe un cuarto pilar, la terapia biológica, que incluye hormonoterapia, inmunoterapia y técnicas no citotóxicas.

Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis in an adult patient using an orthodontic appliance / Gingivoestomatitis herpética primaria en un paciente adulto utilizando un aparato ortodóntico

The present article describes a clinical case of an adult patient using an orthodontic appliance, who returned to the dental office after the placement of orthodontic mini-implants, complaining of aphthas. By means of clinical and case history evaluation the diagnosis of primary herpetic gingivostomatitis was reached. The treatment was prescription of an antiviral agent associated with a chlorhexidine-based oral mouthwash. One week after their onset, there was complete regression of the lesions.

El presente artículo describe un caso clínico de un paciente adulto utilizando un aparato de ortodoncia, que regresó a la consulta dental después de la colocación de mini-implantes ortodónticos, quejándose de aftas. Por medio de la evaluación clínica y de historia del caso, el diagnóstico de gingivoestomatitis herpética primaria fue realizado. El tratamiento fue la prescripción de un agente antiviral asociados con un enjuague bucal con clorhexidina. Una semana después de su inicio, se produjo regresión completa de las lesiones.

Molecular Analysis of Two Cases of Severe Congenital Neutropenia / 대한진단검사의학회지

Severe congenital neutropenia is a rare hematological disease characterized by a selective decrease in circulating neutrophils, maturation arrest of granulocytic precursors at the promyelocyte stage, and recurrence of infections. A 2-month-old male infant (patient A) and a 14-month-old female child (patient B) were referred to our hospital due to severe neutropenia. Sequencing analysis of ELA2 and HAX1 genes was performed. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms of HAX1 gene were found. They were 5,104T-->G point mutation of exon 1 and 5,474A-->G point mutation of intron 1 in HAX1 gene. The mutation of ELA2 gene was not found. The patient A showed a good response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment and the absolute neutrophil count recovered to 1,195/microliter. But the patient B showed a partial response to G-CSF treatment and experienced several episodes of herpetic gingivostomatitis, oral ulcer, acute pharyngotonsillitis and otitis media during follow-up.

Condições bucais relacionadas com o estresse: uma revisão dos achados atuais / Buccal conditions related with the stress: a revision of the current discoveries

O desequilíbrio da harmonia entre o corpo e a mente é o que origina o desenvolvimento de doenças relacionadas ao estresse. Muitas patologias hoje estudadas têm íntima relação com o estresse, e estabelecer a relação estresse/doença é fundamental para conhecer e tratar algumas dessas patologias. Considerando-se a importância do tema para os alunos e profissionais da Odontologia, justifica-se a realização deste trabalho, com vista ao melhor entendimento acerca do tema abordado e ao aprimoramento do diagnóstico das mesmas. Podemos sugerir que os aspectos psicossociais, em especial o estresse, têm sua participação na etiologia de algumas condições na cavidade bucal, atuando de forma conjunta com outros fatores, entretanto o papel do estresse nessas condições estudadas não está perfeitamente esclarecido. É necessário enfatizar que estas condições devem merecer atenção especial do cirurgião dentista, que, por sua vez, faz parte de uma equipe multidisciplinar no atendimento do paciente, sendo necessário o encaminhamento do paciente portador de uma dessas condições associadas ao estresse a profissionais especializados, para uma terapia adjunta, podendo melhorar sobremaneira o resultado do tratamento odontológico.

The unbalance between body and mind is what originates the development of diseases related to stress. A number of pathologies today studied has intimate relationship with stress. To establish the relationship between stress and disease is fundamental to know and to treat some of those pathologies. Considering the importance of the issue for dental students and professionals, it is justified the accomplishment of this work, with view to the best understanding about the approached theme and to the establishment of the its diagnosis. We can suggest that the psico-social aspects, especially stress, have their participation in the aetiology of some conditions in the oral cavity, acting in varied ways with other factors. However, the role of stress in those studied conditions is not perfectly understood. It is necessary to emphasize that these conditions should have the dentist’s special attention and are part of a multidisciplinary team in the patient’s attendance, being necessary the direction of the patient bearer of one of those conditions associated to stress to specialized professionals for an attached therapy.

Contribuiçäo ao estudo da infecçäo herpética na cavidade bucal / Contribution to the study of herpetic infection in the oral cavity

Infecçäo herpética na cavidade bucal. Abordam-se a etiologia, manifestaçöes clínicas e orientaçäo terapêutica da infecçäo causada pelo vírus herpes simples na cavidade bucal. Chega-se a conclusäo que a infecçäo herpética é causada por um vírus com alto poder de contaminaçäo, ocorrendo pelo contato direto e que a maioria da populaçäo adulta alberga o vírus, sendo que há inúmeras formas de tratamento para a infecçäo herpética, tais como, o aciclovir, o IDU e levamisole