Research progress of Eubacterium and its metabolite short-chain fatty acids in regulating type 2 diabetes mellitus / 中华预防医学杂志

Intestinal flora and its metabolites are closely related to the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM). Eubacterium is one of the dominant intestinal flora, and its metabolites short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) play a leading role in regulating intestinal metabolic balance. It has been reported that SCFAs can regulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1, improve the function of pancreatic β cells, participate in bile acids metabolism and regulate the production of inflammatory factors in T2DM. Based on the above research background, this article mainly reviews the relationship between Eubacterium and its metabolite SCFAs and T2DM and its regulatory mechanism.

Correlation between gut microbiota and liver biochemical indicators in patients with chronic hepatitis B / 生物工程学报

Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is a global epidemic disease caused by hepatitis B virus that can lead to hepatic failure, even liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The occurrence and development of CHB are closely related to the changes in the gut microbiota communities. To explore the relationship between the structure of gut microbiota and liver biochemical indicators, 14 CHB patients (the CHB group) and 11 healthy people (the CN group) were randomly enrolled in this study. Our results demonstrate that CHB caused changes in the gut microbiota communities and biochemical indicators, such as alanine transaminase, total bilirubin and gamma glutamyl transferase. Furthermore, CHB induced imbalance of the gut microbiota. Prevotella, Blautia, Ruminococcus, Eubacterium eligens group, Bacteroides uniformis and Ruminococcus sp. 5_1_39BFAA were associated with the critical biochemical indicators and liver injury, suggesting a new approach to CHB treatment.

Analysis of Correlation among Oral Environment, Oral Myofunction, and Oral Microorganisms / 치위생과학회지

BACKGROUND: Factors affecting oral function include tooth number, oral muscle strength, and oral diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship among oral environment, muscle, and microbiology. METHODS: Fifty-six elderly individuals in a day care center were included in the study. The survey regarding tongue and lip muscle strength and oral microorganisms was conducted from November to December 2018. RESULTS: Tongue and lip muscle strength were greater in men than women (p>0.05). Tongue muscle strength was greater in the ≤80-year-old group (34.94±9.85) than the ≥90-year-old group (25.57±7.54) (p<0.05). Tongue muscle strength and lip muscle strength were greater in the ≥15 functional teeth group (34.08±9.31 and 9.25±1.63, respectively) than in the <15 functional teeth group (28.08±7.53 and 7.76±1.51, respectively) (p<0.05). Age was significantly correlated with functional tooth number, denture use, and tongue muscle strength. The number of functional teeth was positively correlated with tongue muscle strength, lip muscle strength, and oral microorganisms. Denture use was negatively correlated with tongue and lip muscle strength. Tongue muscle strength was significantly correlated with lip muscle strength. The number of Eubacterium nodatum was higher in men than women. The number of Parvimonas micra and Enterococcus faecalis was higher in the groups with ≥15 functional teeth, denture use, and greater tongue and lip muscle strength. The number of Lactobacillus casei was higher in the group that uses dentures and with greater tongue strength. CONCLUSION: Oral microbiology is more important in oral environment and management than oral muscle function. The correlation between oral muscle and oral microorganism requires further study. Therefore, oral care training should be conducted to improve the oral care practice of elderly individuals, maintain oral health through oral care, and prevent the decrease in saliva secretion by aging.

Changes of fecal flora and its correlation with inflammatory indicators in patients with inflammatory bowel disease / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes in fecal flora and its correlation with the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We collected fresh fecal specimens from 167 IBD patients (including 113 with ulcerative colitis and 54 with Crohn's disease) and 54 healthy volunteers. The fecal flora was analyzed by gradient dilution method and the data of inflammatory markers including WBC, PLT, CRP and ESR were collected to assess the association between the fecal flora and the inflammatory markers.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The species Enterrococcus (6.60∓0.23, P<0.01), Saccharomyces (2.22∓0.27, P<0.05), Bacteriodes (5.57∓0.28, P<0.001), Bifidobacterium (5.08∓0.30, P<0.01), Peptococcus (6.22∓0.25, P<0.001), Lactobacillus (6.00∓0.26, P<0.001), and Clostridium (3.57∓0.30, P<0.05) all increased significantly, while Eubacterium (1.56∓0.24, P<0.01) reduced markedly in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with those in the control subjects. Enterrococcus (6.93∓0.28, P<0.01), Saccharomyces (2.73∓0.37, P<0.01), Bacteriodes (4.32∓0.52, P<0.05), Bifidobacterium (4.88∓0.42, P<0.05), Peptococcus (6.19∓0.32, P<0.01) and Lactobacillus (4.73∓0.47, P<0.001) all increased significantly and Eubacterium (1.01∓0.29, P<0.01) and Clostridium (0.87∓0.31, P<0.01) decreased in patients with Crohn's disease. The positivity rates of bacterial culture were consistent with the results of quantitative analysis of the fecal flora. The changes in fecal flora did not show a significant correlation with these inflammatory markers.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IBD patients have fecal flora imbalance compared with the healthy controls, and this imbalance may contribute to the occurrence and progression of IBD. The decline of Eubacterium contributes to the occurrence and development of IBD.</p>

Detection of Mogibacterium timidum in subgingival biofilm of aggressive and non-diabetic and diabetic chronic periodontitis patients

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the frequency of detection of Mogibacterium timidum in subgingival samples of subjects with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) and uncontrolled diabetic and non-diabetic subjects with generalized chronic periodontitis (GChP). 48 patients with GAgP, 50 non-diabetic and 39 uncontrolled (glycated hemoglobin >7%) type 2 diabetic subjects with GChP were enrolled in this study. Subgingival biofilm were collected from deep pockets (probing depth > 7 mm). After DNA extraction, M. timidum was detected by Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction and chi-square test was used to data analysis (p>0.05). There were no differences in the frequency of detection of M. timidum between subjects with GAgP (35%) and non-diabetic subjects with GChP (40%) (p>0.05). The frequency of detection of M. timidum was significantly higher in deep pockets of diabetic subjects with GChP (56%) when compared to GAgP (p<0.05), but similar to non-diabetic subjects with GChP (p>0.05). The frequency of detection of M. timidum was higher in subjects GChP presenting uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus, when compared to GAgP subjects.

Influence of local tetracycline on the microbiota of alveolar osteitis in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of local tetracycline on the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in rats, and on the microbiota associated to this infection. Forty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=10): I - the rats had the maxillary right incisor extracted and the alveolar wound did not receive any treatment; II - adrenaline and Ringer-PRAS were introduced into the alveolar wound; III - the alveolar wound was irrigated with sterile saline; and IV - the alveolar wound was irrigated with an aqueous solution of tetracycline. Microbial samples from the alveolar wounds were collected 2 days after surgery and inoculated on blood agar (with and without 8 µg/mL of tetracycline) and other selective media, and were incubated in either aerobiosis or anaerobiosis at 37ºC, for 2 to 14 days. It was verified that tetracycline reduced the occurrence of alveolar osteitis in the rats and caused significant changes in the microbiota of the surgical sites, decreasing the number of anaerobes and increasing the participation of tetracycline-resistant and multi-resistant microorganisms.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos do uso tópico de tetraciclina sobre a ocorrência de alveolite em ratos e sobre a microbiota a ela associada. Quarenta ratos foram divididos, ao acaso, em 4 grupos (n=10): grupo I, realizou-se somente a extração do incisivo superior direito e a ferida alveolar não recebeu nenhum tratamento; grupo II, além da extração dental, soluções de adrenalina e Ringer-PRAS foram introduzidas no interior do alvéolo; grupo III, a ferida alveolar foi irrigada com solução salina estéril; grupo IV, a ferida alveolar foi irrigada com solução aquosa de cloridrato de tetraciclina a 10 por cento. As amostras dos alvéolos para processamento microbiológico foram coletadas dois dias após a realização das cirurgias e foram inoculadas em ágar sangue com ou sem 8 µg/mL de tetraciclina e em outros meios de cultura seletivos, incubadas em aerobiose ou anaerobiose, a 37ºC, de 2 a 14 dias. Verificou-se que a tetraciclina reduziu a ocorrência de alveolite e provocou uma modificação significativa na microbiota do sítio cirúrgico, levando a uma redução nas proporções ocupadas pelos microrganismos anaeróbios e uma elevação da participação de microrganismos resistentes à tetraciclina e outros antimicrobianos.

The function of lexical motifs in the organization of the Actinomycetes 5S rRNAs

This work shows results obtained by employing the linguistic method to identify biologically meaningful sites in Actinomycetes 5S rRNAs. The approach adopted identifies triplet-words, along the base sequence of 5S rRNA, located mainly at the alpha and beta domains of the 5S secondary structure. There are triplet-words representing universal protein binding sites that include important prokaryote signatures, and sites strategically located in critical regions related to the formation of the 5S ribonucleoproteins (RNP) complex. In those sites, where the GC pressure promoted substitutions, the analysis demonstrates that alterations did not affect their biological significance. Sites formed by GGY (or more rarely GGR), continued to play an important role as ribosomal proteins rpL18 and rpL5 protein receptors. The data suggest that instead of increasing the molecular variability, expected for the diversity in species and habitats occupied for the group, GC pressure functioned as a reducer mechanism for the inter-specific diversity.

Neste trabalho são apresentados resultados obtidos empleando o método linguístico para identificar sítios no 5S rRNAs de actinomicetes com significado biológico. A abordagem identificou palavras-tripletes, junto com a sequência de bases do 5S rRNAs, localizados principalmente nos domínios alfa e beta da estrutura secundária. Entre eles, existem palavras-tripletes que representam sítios de ligação de proteínas universais, que incluem importantes assinaturas procarióticas, além de sítios estrategicamente colocados em regiões críticas relacionados com a formação do complexo 5S ribonucleoproteína (RNP). Nestes sítios, onde a pressão GC promove substituições, as alterações não afetaram seu significado biológico. Sítios formados por GGY (ou mais raramente GER), jogam um papel importante como receptores de proteínas ribossomicas rpL18 e rpL5. Os dados também sugerem que ao contrário de aumentar a variabilidade molecular, esperada pela diversidade em espécies e habitats ocupados pelo grupo, GC funciona como um mecanismo para diversidade inter-específica.

Antitumor mechanisms of Eubacterium lentum and its components.

In the present study, some antitumor mechanisms of Eubacterium lentum (TYH-11) and bacterial components having antitumor effects were investigated. E.lentum induced maximum NK cell activity in C3H/He mice on day 1 after injection (90.6% against 33.9% of control at E:T ratio 50:1) and the activity was kept at a level of 48.6% on day 7. Tumoricidal peritoneal macrophages were induced 9 days after E.lentum injection into BALB/c mice (56.2% against 10.1% control at E:T ratio 10:1). Tumoricidal macrophage activity persisted at the same level for at least 11 days. Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was induced only in tumor bearing mice treated with E.lentum, 4 weeks after tumor inoculation. Antitumor activity was observed in the cell wall (CW) and membrane fractions (CM) of E.lentum. CW induced NK cell activity; the activity was transient while the kinetics of NK activity by CM showed 2 peaks, on day 1 and day 7. Tumoricidal macrophages were induced by CW and the activity level was the same as that induced by whole body, while that induced by CM was at a lower level. Neither CW nor CM induced CTL in tumor bearing mice.

Anaerobic Bacterial Isolation in Patients with Chronic Prostatitis Syndrome / 대한비뇨기과학회지

In a general way, anaerobic isolation is troublesome and needs competent personnel and fittings. In addition, bacterial isolation from the prostate is disappointing because of difficulty in interpretation of the results. In this experiment, we tried the best way to isolate anaerobes from the prostate in terms of processing of the specimens such as catching, transportation, etc. We performed this antegrade experiment for 12 months in 1992 and got the results from 43 patients with chronic prostatitis syndrome as follows. l. Age distribution was in broad range between 20 and 54 showing peak incidence in 31-40 years(49% ) and the next in 20-30 years( 30%). 2. Subjective symptoms and signs consisted of perineal discomfort, suprapubic discomfort, frequency, urethral discomfort, dysuria, morning drop, testicular discomfort, and hemospermia 3. Majority of the cases( 36 cases. 83.7% ) were normal in the microscopy of VB1 EPS of 31 cases(72%) showed WBC more than 10/HPF. VB3 of 23 cases(53.5% ) showed than l0/HPF 4. A total of 40 cases showed aerobes in EPS and/or VB3 by culture. However, only 8 cases showed aerobes in EPS and/or VB, exclusive of 32 cases in which aerobes also appeared in VB1. 5. Anaerobic bacteria were cultured only from EPS for a total of 8 cases. There were 2 cases with Bacteroides species, 2 cases with Prevotella bivia, 2 cases with Peptostreptococcus anaerobrus,2 cases with Actinomyces meyeri, 1 case with Eubacterium lentum and 1 case with Eubacterium limosum.

Antagonismo exercido por bactérias anaeróbias estritas da flora fecal humana contra Clostrdium perfringens, estudado em camundongos gnotobióticos / antagonism exerted by an association of strict anaerobic bacteria from human fecal flora against clostridium perfringens in gnotobiotic mice

Resumo: O antagonismo entre um número limitado de bactérias anaeróbicas estritas isoladas de uma flora fecal humana e Clostridium perfrigens tipo A (CpA) foi estudado no trato intestinal de camundongos gnotobióticos. Uma associaçäo de 18 bactérias (três bacteroides, cinco peptostreptococcus, cinco eubacterium e cinco clostridium) eliminou CpA dos intestinos de todos os camundongos gnotobióticos em três dias. Durante o processo de simplificaçäo dessa associaçäo de 18 para 7 bactérias houve uma perda na capacidade de eliminar a cepa alvo. Uma eliminaçäo definitiva de CpA foi observada em somente 23 (por cento) dos camundongos inoculados intragastricamente com as 7 bactérias. esses resultados sugerem uma relaçäo complexa entre bactérias diretamente envolvidas no efeito antagonista com cepas auxiliares (au)

Lisis de Eubacterias por Eubacterias aisladas del suelo. / Lysis of Eubacteria by Eubacteria isolated from soil

Se describe la identificacion y espectro de actividad litica de 103 cepas eubacterianas aisladas de diferentes suelos. Los microorganismos aislados se identificaron como pertenecientes a los generos Bacillus Pseudomonas y Achromobacter. Las cepas del genero Bacillus presentaron un mayor espectro de actividad litica siendo algunas de las identificadas com B. cereus las unicas que fueron activas sobre todas las bacterias ensayadas