Reporte de caso de dengue clásico a predominio de sintomatología dermatológica en el marco de la epidemia en la provincia de Misiones 2023-2024 / Case of classic dengue with predominance of dermatologic symptoms in the 2023-2024 epidemic in the province of Misiones

Se presenta un caso femenino de dengue clásico (DC) en el marco de la epidemia 2023-2024 en la provincia de Misiones, con predominio de síntomas dermatológicos de exantemas máculo papulosos, habonosos y eritrodérmicos sobre los síntomas sindrómicos cardinales. Las lesiones presentan componente humoral y de extravasación, sin diátesis ni componentes purpúricos apreciables, presentando una rápida y efectiva evolución al eritema y la normalización con tratamiento antihistamínico y corticoide parenteral. De la misma manera se evalúan alteraciones analíticas hematológicas y hepáticas de gran magnitud, con escasa repercusión clínica, que se mensuran en función del riesgo relativo al dengue hemorrágico (DH) y el pronóstico de la paciente. (AU)

A female case of classic dengue (DC) is presented in the context of the 2023-2024 epidemic in the province of Misiones, with a predominance of dermatologic symptoms of maculopapular, hives, and erythrodermic rashes overlapping the cardinal syndromic symptoms. The lesions have a humoral and extravasation component, without any significant diathesis or purpuric components, showing rapid and effective progression to erythema and normalization with antihistamine and parenteral corticosteroid treatment. Similarly, hematologic and hepatic analytical alterations of great magnitude are evaluated, with little clinical impact, measured in terms of relative risk for hemorrhagic dengue (HD) and the prognosis of the patient. (AU)

Eritema multiforme, una rara presentación de exantema en población pediátrica: a propósito de un caso / Erythema multiforme, a rare occurrence of exanthema in the pediatric population: on the subject of a case

El Eritema multiforme (EM) o eritema polimorfo es una enfermedad aguda de la piel de naturaleza inmunológica con o sin compromiso de mucosas, que puede comportarse como crónica recurrente. Se presenta con lesiones cutáneas en diana distintivas, a menudo acompañado de úlceras o bullas en mucosas (oral, genital u ocular). Entre sus formas clínicas se distingue: una forma menor caracterizado por un síndrome cutáneo leve y su forma mayor que se manifiesta como una afectación cutánea con daño mucoso marcado. Entre sus principales diagnósticos diferenciales se encuentran el Síndrome de Stevens-Johnson (SSJ) y Síndrome de Lyell (Necrólisis epidérmica tóxica (NET)). Tiene una incidencia estimada < 1%, siendo su forma mayor levemente más frecuente que su forma menor (0.8-6 por millón/año). Puede darse a cualquier edad, presentando un peak de incidencia entre los 20 y 30 años, predominando ligeramente el sexo masculino con una proporción 3:2, sin predilección racial. Su presentación en edad pediátrica es rara, más aún en la primera infancia. En esta población es más frecuente el EM menor recurrente. En el presente texto se reporta un caso de EM en población pediátrica como una rara forma de presentación exantemática, abordado en el Servicio de Pediatría del Complejo Asistencial Dr Victor Rios Ruiz (CAVRR)en la ciudad de Los Ángeles, Chile en el presente año.

Erythema multiforme (EM) also known as polymorph erythema is an acute skin disease of immunological nature with or without mucous membrane involvement, which may behave as chronic recurrent. It presents with distinctive targets like skin lesions, often together with ulcers or bullae in mucous membranes (oral, genital or ocular). Among its clinical forms are: a minor form characterized by a mild skin syndrome and its major form that manifests as a skin disease with marked mucosal damage. Among its main differential diagnoses are Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Lyell Syndrome (Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEC)). It has an estimated incidence < 1%, with its major form being slightly more frequent than its minor form (0. 8-6 per million/year). It can occur at any age, presenting a peak incidence at the age between 20 and 30 years, with a slight predominance of males with a 3:2 ratio, without racial predilection. Its presentation in pediatric age is rare, even more so in early childhood. Minor recurrent EM is more common in this population. This paper reports a case of EM in the pediatric population as a rare form of exanthematic presentation, addressed at the Department of Pediatrics of the Complejo Asistencial Victor Rios Ruiz (CAVRR) in the city of Los Angeles, Chile this year.

Clásico exantema de islas blancas en un mar rojo en el curso de dengue con signos de alarma / Classic white islands in a sea of red exanthem in the course of dengue with alarm signs

Fig. 1- Se observa exantema cutáneo morbiliforme a forma de múltiples lesiones maculares blanquecinas, redondas, confluentes de piel respetada y de diámetro variable, asociadas a petequias diseminadas dando el aspecto de islas blancas en un mar rojo

Síndrome DRESS por paracetamol / DRESS syndrome due to acetaminophen

A síndrome DRESS é uma entidade rara e distinta, caracterizada por acometimento cutâneo e envolvimento de órgãos internos, com risco potencial de morte. O diagnóstico e o tratamento pre- coces são de vital importância. Relatos de DRESS por paraceta- mol são raros na literatura, razão pela qual apresentamos este caso. Paciente do sexo masculino, 56 anos, com surgimento de rash maculopapular, febre, linfadenopatia e hipereosinofilia 3 semanas após suspensão de paracetamol, associados ao ante- cedente familiar de reação a fármaco. Evoluiu bem após pulso- terapia com metilprednisolona.

DRESS syndrome is a rare and distinct entity characterized by cutaneous manifestations and internal organs involvement with a potential risk of death. Early diagnosis and treatment are vi- tally important. Reported cases of DRESS syndrome due to ace- taminophen are rare in the literature, and that is the reason for this case report. A 56-year-old male patient with maculopapular rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and hypereosinophilia three we- eks after suspension of acetaminophen, associated with a family history of drug reaction. It progressed well after pulse therapy with methylprednisolone.

New papulovesicular rash in the course of COVID-19 signaling viral reactivation

SUMMARY Cutaneous manifestations are considered an infrequent presentation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and are mostly described in outpatient settings. Its onset during the course of the severe COVID-19 disease has been poorly described in severe cases. Studies focused on dermatological manifestations mostly described maculopapular or pernio-like lesions and less frequently vesicular or varicella-like eruption. We described the occurrence of a vesiculopapular eruption in three laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients associated with severe lung injury in whom the skin findings preceded viral reactivation and recrudescence of hypoxemia. The potential mechanisms for COVID-19-related cutaneous manifestations include immune hypersensitivity, cytokine-release syndrome, deposition of microthrombi, and vasculitis.

Recurrent vulvar rashes in a girl aged 22 months for more than half a year / 中国当代儿科杂志

A girl, aged 22 months, attended the hospital due to recurrent vulvar rashes for more than half a year. Skin biopsy showed Langerhans cell histiocytosis, and evaluation of systemic conditions showed no systemic involvement. Therefore, the girl was diagnosed with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (skin type). In conclusion, for rashes on the vulva alone, if there are no specific clinical manifestations, the possibility of Langerhans cell histiocytosis should be considered after molluscum contagiosum, sexually transmitted diseases, and Fordyce disease are excluded.

Prurido no paciente em hemodiálise: associação com ingestão de fósforo e nível sérico de cálcio / Prurido en el paciente en hemodiálisis: asociación con ingestión de fósforo y nivel sérico de cálcio / Pruritus in hemodialysis patients: association with phosphorus intake and serum calcium level

Resumo OBJETIVO Analisar a associação entre a ocorrência do prurido e a adesão à dieta prescrita, indicadores bioquímicos da função renal e a qualidade da hemodiálise, em pacientes renais crônicos. MÉTODO Estudo transversal, realizado em uma clínica de diálise no Nordeste do Brasil, com 200 pacientes submetidos à hemodiálise, no primeiro semestre de 2015. Para análise dos dados fez-se uso da estatística inferencial, através dos testes de Qui-Quadrado e Exato de Fisher; e teste de U de Mann Whitney. RESULTADOS O prurido esteve presente em 51% da amostra, associando-se estatisticamente com o consumo de fósforo (P=0,024) e a elevação do cálcio sérico (P=0,009). CONCLUSÃO O prurido em pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise sofre influência da não adesão adequada à dieta prescrita, além da elevação de indicadores bioquímicos da função renal.

Resumen OBJETIVO Analizar la asociación entre la ocurrencia del prurito y la adhesión a la dieta prescrita, indicadores bioquímicos de la función renal y la calidad de la hemodiálisis, en pacientes renales crónicos. MÉTODO Estudio transversal, realizado en una clínica de diálisis en el Nordeste de Brasil, con 200 pacientes sometidos a la hemodiálisis, en el primer semestre de 2015. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó la estadística inferencial, a través de las pruebas de Qui-Cuadrado y Exacto de Fisher; y prueba de U de Mann Whitney. RESULTADOS El prurito estuvo presente en el 51% de la muestra, asociándose estadísticamente con el consumo de fósforo (P = 0,024) y la elevación del calcio sérico (P = 0,009). CONCLUSIÓN El prurito en pacientes renales crónicos sometidos a la hemodiálisis sufre influencia de la no adhesión adecuada a la dieta prescrita, además de la elevación de indicadores bioquímicos de la función renal.

Abstract OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between the occurrence of pruritus and adherence to the prescribed diet, biochemical indicators of renal function and the quality of hemodialysis in chronic renal patients. METHOD A cross-sectional study performed at a dialysis clinic in the Northeast of Brazil, with 200 patients undergoing hemodialysis in the first half of 2015.To analyze the data, inferential statistics were used, using Chi-Square and Fisher's Exact tests; and Mann Whitney U test. RESULTS The pruritus was present in 51% of the sample, being associated statistically with phosphorus consumption (P = 0.024) and elevation of serum calcium (P = 0.009). CONCLUSION Pruritus in chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis is influenced by adequate nonadherence to the prescribed diet, in addition to the elevation of biochemical indicators of renal function.

Dengue, presentación inusual en un lactante: reporte de un caso / Dengue with unusual clinical features in an infant: case report

El estado de Yucatán (México) es un área endémica para dengue. Durante el 2015 hubo un incremento en el número de casos esperados. OBJETIVO: Describir y analizar la presentación clínica, evolución y manejo de un caso de infección por dengue con manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas en un lactante menor, que derivaron en síndrome de choque por dengue. CASO CLÍNICO: Lactante de un mes que consulta por eritema generalizado y antecedente de picadura de insecto. Su manejo hospitalario se basó en la resolución del episodio agudo de anafilaxia. Durante su estadía presentó hipotensión, taquicardia, anemia y dificultad respiratoria. Se derivó a terapia intensiva pediátrica, pero al quinto día de estancia falleció debido a síndrome de choque. La RPC y serología de anticuerpos IgG confirmaron etiología por dengue. CONCLUSIONES: Las infecciones por dengue en el lactante menor pueden cursar afebriles, por lo cual es importante sospecharlas oportunamente ante la presencia de eritema generalizado, taquicardia e hipotensión, con la finalidad de evitar las consecuencias letales del choque por dengue.

The state of Yucatan, in Mexico, is an endemic area for dengue. During 2015, there was an unpredicted increase in the number of expected cases of dengue fever. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyse the clinical presentation, progress, and management of a case of dengue infection with non-specific clinical manifestations in an infant which resulted in a dengue shock syndrome. CASE REPORT: One month old infant admitted to hospital with a generalised rash and a history of being bitten by an insect. He was diagnosed with anaphylaxis based on clinical manifestations and anamnesis. While in hospital, he developed hypotension, tachycardia, anaemia, and respiratory distress. He was transferred to the intensive care unit, but died on the fifth day. He tested positive to dengue virus in the PCR test and for IgG antibodies using Elisa. The basic cause of death was dengue shock syndrome. CONCLUSIONS: Dengue fever in young infant infections may be afebrile, so it is important to suspect them appropriately in the presence of a generalised rash, tachycardia, and hypotension, in order to avoid the deadly consequences of dengue shock.

Exantema laterotorácico unilateral en un adulto: reporte de un caso relacionado a infección por mycoplasma pneumoniae / Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem in an adult: report of a case related to mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

El exantema laterotorácico unilateral de la infancia (ULE) es una condición benigna, de etiología desconocida, que se caracteriza por un exantema maculopapular que típicamente afecta, de forma unilateral, un pliegue axilar con posterior diseminación centrífuga. Paciente de 19 años, sin antecedentes mórbidos que presentó una erupción cutánea pruriginosa de inicio en la axila derecha con posterior diseminación a la axila contralateral y pliegues inguinales. Acude con exámenes de laboratorios en los que destaca serología positiva para Mycoplasma pneumoniae. El exantema laterotorácico unilateral de la infancia es una erupción benigna de presentación característica en niños pero que también se puede presentar en adultos. Su etiología es desconocida, pero su presentación en relación a fiebre, síntomas infecciosos respiratorios y gastrointestinales antes o durante el exantema, sugieren un origen viral o bacteriano. En este caso, planteamos como posible agente etiológico a Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood, is a benign condition of unknown etiology that is characterized by a maculopapular exanthema that typically affects one axillary fold followed by centrifugal dissemination. A 19-yearold male patient, healthy, who developed an axillary pruritic rash followed by dissemination to contralateral axillar and inguinal folds. He had laboratory tests with positive serology for Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Unilateral laterothoracic exanthem of childhood is a benign condition that characteristically presents during childhood but can also affect adults. It has an unknown etiology but its presentation in relation with fever, infectious symptoms respiratory and gastrointestinal diseases, suggest a viral or bacterial origin. In this case we raise Mycoplasma pneumoniae as possible etiologic agent.

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis associated with spider bite

Abstract: Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is an acute febrile rash, usually induced by drugs, which recently has been linked to spider bite. We report a case of a male patient, 48 years old, with an erythematous rash accompanied by fever and small non-follicular pustules. He reported previous pain in the buttock with the onset of a necrotic plaque. The lesion was compatible with spider bite of the genus Loxosceles. According to the EuroSCAR group instrument, the patient scored +10 indicating definite diagnosis of AGEP. As the patient had a compatible lesion and had no other triggers of AGEP, in an Loxosceles endemic area, the AGEP would be associated with spider bite, as described in other publications.

Cutaneous graft-versus-host disease after hematopoietic stem cell transplant - a review

Abstract Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT) associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The earliest and most common manifestation is cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. This review focuses on the pathophysiology, clinical features, prevention and treatment of cutaneous graft-versus-host disease. We discuss various insights into the disease's mechanisms and the different treatments for acute and chronic skin graft-versus-host disease.

Necrosis grasa subcutánea con hipercalcemia persistente en un neonato tratado con hipotermia terapéutica: Reporte de un caso / Subcutaneous fat necrosis and persistent hypercalcaemia in a newborn treated with therapeutic neonatal hypothermia: A case report

La hipotermia terapéutica constituye el tratamiento de elección para los recién nacidos con encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica moderada-grave, que cambia el pronóstico de estos niños y se acepta como una técnica segura y con escasas complicaciones secundarias considerando su beneficio. Un posible efecto adverso es la necrosis grasa subcutánea, una paniculitis transitoria aguda de presentación durante las primeras semanas de vida. Se presenta un caso de un recién nacido a término afecto de encefalopatía hipóxico-isquémica con lesiones cutáneas en forma de eritema multiforme generalizado y placas eritematosas firmes e induradas en la espalda, los glúteos y las extremidades a los 12 días de vida, tras el tratamiento con hipotermia. El estudio histopatológico, tras la biopsia cutánea, confirmó la sospecha de necrosis grasa subcutánea. Al mes de vida, presentó cifras elevadas de calcio sérico, que precisaron tratamiento con hidratación intravenosa y diuréticos. La calcemia descendió hasta normalizarse a los 3 meses, con desaparición progresiva de las lesiones cutáneas.

Therapeutic hypothermia is the current standard treatment in newborns with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, changing the outcome of these children. It is considered a safe technique with almost no side effects. A possible adverse side event is subcutaneous fat necrosis, which is an acute self-limiting panniculitis that develops during the first weeks of life. We report a case of a newborn at term suffering hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy with a generalized multiform erythematous rash and firm and indurated plaques over the back, buttocks and extremities on his 12th day of life after being treated with therapeutic hypothermia. Histopathological study after skin punchbiopsy confirmed the suspicion of subcutaneous fat necrosis. The infant developed asymptomatic moderate hypercalcaemia within the first month of life, which was treated with intravenous fluids and diuretics. Serum calcium levels decreased and normalized in 3 months, with progressive disappearance of skin lesions.

Exantemas virales: Sarampión / Viral rashes: measles

Las enfermedades exantemáticas son un conjunto de entidades clínicas de diverso origen, generalmente de etiología infecciosa, cuya manifestación cardinal es una erupción cutánea. Dentro de estas patologías destaca el Sarampión, enfermedad producida por el virus homónimo, un virus ARN de la familia paramyxoviridae, de alta contagiosidad en personas no inmunizadas, que se transmite por contacto directo o por aire. El cuadro clínico consta de dos fases, la fase prodrómica caracterizada por fiebre alta, tos, coriza y conjuntivitis; y la fase exantemática de sintomatología florida con la aparición del rush maculopapular eritematoso característico del sarampión. El diagnóstico se sospecha ante cualquier paciente que presente fiebre y exantema característico del cuadro. La confirmación diagnóstica se realiza mediante serología con la detección de anticuerpos IgM específicos del virus en sangre o secreción oral. El tratamiento se basa principalmente en medidas de soporte y administración de vitamina A. En Chile existe la vacuna trivírica, incluida dentro del Plan Nacional de Inmunizaciones, que confieren inmunidad contra este agente. Durante el presente año se han reportado brotes de sarampión en distintos países del mundo, dentro de ellos Chile, por ello que nace la necesidad de realizar una revisión bibliográfica actualizada de la enfermedad.

The exanthematic diseases are a set of clinical entities of diverse origin, usually due to infection, whose cardinal manifestation is a skin rash. Between these diseases, measles is very important, caused by the homonymous virus, an RNA virus family Paramyxoviridae, highly contagious in people who have not been immunized (5), which is transmitted by direct contact or by air. The clinical features consists of two phases, the prodromal phase characterized by high fever, cough, coryza and conjunctivitis; and the rush phase with the onset of characteristic erythematous maculopapular rush of measles. The diagnosis is suspected in any patient presenting with fever and characteristic rash. Diagnostic confirmation is done by serology detection of virus specific IgM antibodies in blood or oral secretions. The treatment is mainly based on support measures and vitamin A administration. In Chile there is MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, rubella), included in the National Immunization Program, which confers immunity against this agent. During this year, there have been reported measles outbreaks in different countries around the world, among them is Chile, for this reason arises the need for an updated literature review.

Antibodies to Neospora caninum in sheep from slaughterhouses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil / Anticorpos para Neospora caninum em ovinos de abatedouros do estado de São Paulo, Brasil

Neosporosis is an emergent disease responsible for considerable economic impact due to reproductive losses. Its zoonotic potential remains unknown. This study involved a survey of antibodies to Neospora caninum in slaughtered sheep and their association with epidemiological variables. Serum samples from 596 sheep from the states of São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were collected in two slaughterhouses located in São Paulo and evaluated by indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT), using cut-off titers of 25. Among these samples, 353/596 (59.23%; 95%CI 55.23-63.10) were positive and 263/353 (74.50%; 95%CI 69.71-78.77%) were from Rio Grande do Sul. Statistical associations were determined in the univariate analysis between the serological results and sex, breed and municipality of origin. Sheep that came from extensive breeding system showed higher chance (OR=2.09) of presenting antibodies to N. caninum in relation to those from semi-intensive system. Higher chance was also observed for the different studied breeds, except Bergamácia, in relation to Hampshire Down. The results revealed the presence of infection by N. caninum in sheep from slaughterhouses.

A neosporose é uma doença emergente responsável por considerável impacto econômico devido a perdas reprodutivas e seu potencial zoonótico permanece desconhecido. Este estudo envolveu a pesquisa de anticorpos para Neospora caninum em ovinos abatidos e sua associação com variáveis epidemiológicas. Amostras de soro sanguíneo de 596 ovinos, procedentes dos estados de São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foram colhidas em dois abatedouros localizados em São Paulo, e avaliadas pelo teste de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), utilizando-se como ponto de corte o título de 25. Dentre essas amostras, 353/596 (59,23%; IC95% 55,23-63,10) foram positivas e dentre os ovinos positivos 263/353 (74,50%; IC95% 69,71-78,77%) eram procedentes do Rio Grande do Sul. Associações estatísticas foram determinadas na análise univariada entre os resultados sorológicos e o sexo, raça e município de origem. Ovinos oriundos de sistema de criação extensivo demonstraram maior chance (OR=2.09) de apresentarem anticorpos para N. caninum em relação aos de sistema semi-intensivo. Uma maior chance também foi observada para as diferentes raças estudadas, exceto Bergamácia, em relação à raça Hampshire Down. Os resultados revelaram a presença de infecção por N. caninum em ovinos de abatedouros.

A Case of Disseminated Intra-abdominal Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Managed with Low Dose Imatinib / 대한소화기학회지

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the gastrointestinal tract. Imatinib mesylate is recommended as adjuvant therapy for GIST after surgical resection. However, drug-related adverse events are common. A 74-year-old female with metastatic GIST who was managed with imatinib experienced severe adverse events, including skin rashes, tremor, and alopecia, etc. The imatinib dose was reduced and the size of the metastatic GIST continued to decrease and adverse events showed significant improvement.

Hemólisis, exantema, serositis. Manifestaciones extrapulmonares del Mycoplasma pneumoniae: Reporte de un caso / Hemolysis, serositis and exanthema induced by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: Report of one case

Mycoplasma infections have extrapulmonary manifestations that may be associated with respiratory symptoms and may have skin, heart, gastrointestinal, rheumatologic, neurologic, hematologic involvement. Cold agglutinin mediated autoimmune hemolytic anemia is the most common hematological manifestation. We report a 27-year-old woman infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, who presented respiratory involvement with pneumonia, exanthema, serositis and acute hemolytic anemia that required transfusion. The key for the diagnosis were the extrapulmonary manifestations associated with respiratory involvement after five days of hospitalization.

Exantema macular en un niño con gastroenteritis por rotavirus: informe de caso / Macular exanthema in a child with rotavirus gastroenteritis: a case report

Aparte de la gastroenteritis, raramente se ha implicado al rotavirus en otros trastornos cutáneos como el exantema maculopapular generalizado, el edema hemorrágico agudo del lactante y el síndrome de Gianotti-Crosti. Comunicamos el caso de un niño de 30 meses de edad que presentó erupciones cutáneas maculares eritematosas mientras cursaba una gastroenteritis por rotavirus. En nuestro conocimiento, este es el primer caso en la bibliografía en el que se informan lesiones maculares eritematosas asociadas a rotavirus en un paciente pediátrico. En consecuencia, deseamos compartir nuestra experiencia para que se considere la infección por rotavirus dentro del diagnóstico diferencial de los niños que presenten gastroenteritis y erupción eritematosa.

Apart from gastroenteritis, rotavirus has been rarely implicated with some cutaneous disorders such as generalized maculo-papular exanthema, infantile acute hemorrhagic edema and Gianotti-Crosti syndrome. We report a 30-month old toddler boy who developed erythematous macular skin eruptions during the course of rotavirus gastroenteritis. To our knowledge, this is the first case in the literature reporting rotavirus-related macular erythematous lesions in a pediatric patient. We therefore would like to share our experience, to keep ro-tavirus infection in the differential diagnosis of children with gastroenteritis and erythematous eruption.