Association of Khat chewing, smoking, age and sex with periodontal status among Yemeni adults / Associação da mastigação de Khat, tabagismo, idade e gênero com a condição periodontal entre adultos iemenitas

Objective: Periodontal diseases are very common dental disease. Many risk factors may play significant role in the periodontal disease initiation and progression. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of khat chewing, smoking, age and gender on periodontal status among Yemeni adults. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1231 patients attending the outpatient dental polyclinics of University of Science and Technology during the academic years 2017/2018. All completed sheets were collected throughout the year by the supervisors. Data cleaning, descriptive statistics, and inferential statistics were then performed. Results: Khat chewers were more frequent than non-chewers counterparts (60.7% vs. 39.3%). The prevalence of smoking was 25.5% (297 patients). Study results indicated that periodontitis is more associated with female gender and participants aged more than 35 years old. Results also showed that female and age older participants aged more than 35 years were significantly associated with gingival recession. Mean number of the teeth with gingival recession in male patients were higher than in females. Male gender and patients aged more than 35 years old were significantly associated with furcation involvement. Conclusion: The present study has shown females gender and age older than 35 seem to be risk factors of periodontal diseases. Males has more teeth affected by gingival recession and more furcation involvement (AU)

Objetivo: As doenças periodontais são patologias dentárias com alta prevalência. Diversos fatores de risco podem desempenhar papel significativo no início e progressão das doenças periodontais. Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar os efeitos da mastigação de khat, tabagismo, idade e gênero na condição periodontal de adultos iemenitas. Material e Métodos: Este estudo transversal foi realizado em 1231 pacientes atendidos nas policlínicas odontológicas ambulatoriais da Universidade de Ciência e Tecnologia durante os anos acadêmicos de 2017/2018 através de um questionário para coleta de dados préestabelecido. Todas os questionários preenchidos foram coletados ao longo do ano pelos supervisores. A apuração dos dados, estatística descritiva e estatística inferencial foram realizadas. Resultados: os mastigadores de Khat foram mais frequentes do que as não-mastigadores (60,7% vs. 39,3%). A prevalência de tabagismo foi de 25,5% (297 pacientes). Os resultados do estudo indicaram que a periodontite está mais associada ao gênero feminino e aos participantes com mais de 35 anos de idade. Os resultados também mostraram que participantes do gênero feminino e acima de 35 anos foram significativamente associadas à recessão gengival. O número médio de dentes com recessão gengival em pacientes do gênero masculino foi maior que no feminino. O gênero masculino e os pacientes com mais de 35 anos de idade foram significativamente associados ao envolvimento da furca. Conclusão: O presente estudo mostrou que o gênero feminino e a idade acima de 35 anos parecem ser fatores de risco para doenças periodontais. Pacientes do gênero masculino têm mais dentes afetados pela recessão gengival e mais envolvimento de furca.(AU)

The prevalence of tooth wear among a group of yemeni adults / La prevalencia del desgaste dental entre un grupo de adultos yemeníes

This study aimed at investigating tooth wear prevalence and determining the associated factors among a group of Yemeni adults. It is a preliminary cross-sectional and analytical investigation conducted on 600 participants aged 20­50 years. The participants were purposively selected from two main cities (Sana'a and Aden) with an equal sample size and divided equally by gender. For administering a questionnaire, interviews were conducted with all participants before clinically examining them. Using the Tooth Wear Index (TWI), tooth wear was assessed. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test to identify the relationship between tooth wear and associated factors., Tooth wear was prevalent among 78.67% of the participants; of which 64.83% were in anterior teeth, 63.83% in posterior teeth, 74% in maxillary teeth, and approximately 74.5% in mandibular teeth. It also was 100% prevalent in the 31-40 and 41-50 age groups, while it was 67.2% in the 20-30 age group. This showed that tooth wear prevalence was significantly higher in the two oldest groups than in the youngest group (p<0.001). Moreover, khat chewing, location, highly frequent consumption of foods and high frequency of acidic drinks consumption were critical indicators of tooth wear. Besides, a low education level, smoking and a low socio-economic status were associated with tooth wear. Finally, the study revealed that tooth wear is highly prevalent among adults in two Yemeni cities, and socio-behavioral risk indicators such as khat chewing and cigarette smoking have a significantly association with tooth wear.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la prevalencia del desgaste dental y determinar los factores asociados en un grupo de adultos yemeníes. Es una investigación preliminar analítica y transversal que se lleva a cabo en 600 participantes de entre 20 y 50 años. Los participantes fueron seleccionados a propósito de dos ciudades principales (Sana'a y Aden) con un tamaño de muestra igual y divididos por igual por género. Para administrar un cuestionario, se realizaron entrevistas con todos los participantes antes de examinarlos clínicamente. Usando el Índice de Desgaste Dental, se evaluó el desgaste dental. Los datos se analizaron utilizando la prueba de chi-cuadrado para identificar la relación entre el desgaste dental y los factores asociados. El degaste dental tuvo una prevalencia del 78,67% de los participantes; de los cuales 64.83% en dientes anteriores, 63.83% en dientes posteriores, 74% en dientes maxilares y aproximadamente 74.5% en dientes mandibulares. Fue 100% prevalente en los grupos de edad 31-40 y 41-50, mientras que la prevalencia fue 67.2% en el grupo de edad 20-30. Esto demostró que la prevalencia del desgaste dental fue significativamente mayor en los dos grupos de personas mayores que en el grupo más joven (p<0.001). Además, mascar khat, la ubicación, el consumo muy frecuente de alimentos y la alta frecuencia de bebidas ácidas fueron indicadores críticos del desgaste dental. Además, el bajo nivel educativo, el tabaquismo y el bajo nivel socioeconómico se asociaron con el degaste dental. Finalmente, el estudio reveló que el desgaste dental es altamente prevalente entre los adultos en dos ciudades yemeníes, y los indicadores de riesgo socioconductual como la masticación de khat y el tabaquismo tienen una asociación significativa con el desgaste dental.

Tongue lesions and anomalies in a sample of Yemeni dental patients: a cross-sectional study

Background: Tongue examination helps considerably in diagnosing the underlying health state of the patient, especially in the cases of chronic diseases. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and association of tongue lesions with risk factors among Yemeni dental patients. Materials and methods: An oral medicine specialist examined all 713 patients attending the dental polyclinics at the University of Sciences and Technology (Sana’a, Yemen). The examination sheet was designed to include information related to patient characteristics, medical history, dental history, habits, and tongue lesions. Results: The prevalence of tongue lesions among the examined participants was 76.5 percent. The prevalence rate was 83.4 percent for males and 69.2 percent for females. Fissured tongue was the most common condition. Logistic regression analysis indicated that older age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.007), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p=0.001) were associated with fissured tongue; gender (p<0.001), khat chewing (p<0.001), and smoking (p<0.001) were associated with hairy tongue; and older age (p<0.001), khat chewing (p=0.001), and smoking (p=.021) were associated with coated tongue. Conclusion: The prevalence of tongue lesions among this sample of Yemeni population was 76.5 percent; fissured tongue and hairy tongue were the most prevalent lesions. Khat chewing, smoking, and older age were the associated risk factors for many of studied lesions and anomalies.

A Prevalence Study of Typhoid Fever in Taiz and Al-Hodiedah cities in Yemen.

Aims: Typhoid fever is an acute illness associated with fever that is most often caused by the Salmonella typhi bacteria. This study was carried out to determine the prevalenece of typhoid fever and distribution among different groups in Al-hodiedah and Taiz hospitals, and to determine the relation between the two governorates. Study Design: Seroprevalence survey. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out in Taiz hospitals and Al- Hodiedah hospitals in Yemen for about 1500 cases during September to December 2012. Methodology: A total of 1500 cases were randomly collected and examined by Widal test and blood samples for WBC to detect the typhoid fever. Also, the questionnaire data was used for determine the correlation between typhoid fever and other factors such as age, sex, and clinical symptoms, then the data analyzed by spss program. Results: This study found that 151 cases of typhoid fever are positive for widal test from total 1500 specimens was collected from Al-hodiedah hospitals and Taiz hospitals. Also found from 151 positive cases 57 cases for male and 94 cases for female. There were 55 cases the main complain was fever follow by diarrhea 42 cases then abdominal pain 31 cases. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that there is no significant different in the prevalence of typhoid fever between cases collected from Taizhospitals and Al-Hodeida hospitals. Also, no significant different between sex or age and the positive cases. The positive cases were come with different manifestations such as fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea.

Seroprevalence and Incidence of Toxoplasma gondii among Apparently Healthy and Visually or Hearing Disabled Children in Taiz City, Yemen

This cross sectional study was conducted in the city of Taiz, Yemen, during the period from August 2006 to August 2007 in order to investigate the seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis among apparently healthy children (AHC) and visually and/or hearing disabled children (DC). The seroprevalence was 16.0% among AHC compared to 32.5% among DC. The effect of gender was clear as the seroprevalence rate was significantly higher among females (18.3 and 43.8% for AHC and DC, respectively) than males (13.8 and 25% for AHC and DC, respectively). The seroprevalence was proportionally increased with the age, and the highest rates (20.9 and 53.0%) were reported among the oldest age group (> 10-14 years) for AHC and DC groups, respectively. The incidence rate was also higher (4.2%) in DC group compared to AHC group (2.4%) during 1 year period. These data indicate that the seroprevalence and incidence of toxoplasmosis are significantly higher in DC group than those of AHC group. We need to check further relationship between toxoplasmosis and visual and/or hearing disability.

Retrospective analysis of 194 leprosy cases in the Republic of Yemen.

A review of the case files of 194 leprosy patients registered at a representative skin and venereal diseases out-patient clinic was done to assess the epidemiological and clinical patterns of the disease in Yemen. Almost all patients came from the poorer social groups and there was clustering of patients around some families. About 55% of the patients were aged 20 to 39 years and about 35% were aged over 40 years at the time of detection. Males were affected about three times as females; in males MB cases occurred about twice as often as PB cases and 12% of the cases presented as pure neuritic leprosy. Reactions were noticed in 39 cases (20%), six having type 1 and 27 having type 2 reaction. Bacterial index (BI) among 123 positive cases ranged from 0.1 to 6, about 70% of these cases showing mean BI of more than 2.0. Patients' response to treatment (MDT) was very good and BI decreased by about 1.55 (+/-0.05) logs per year. About 50% of the patients had some disability (14% grade 1), and the disability rate among PB cases was about 70%. Our findings indicate the need for earlier diagnosis and better disability preventive measures.