RESUMO
The approach combining disease, syndrome, and symptom was employed to investigate the characteristic changes of blood stasis syndrome in a rat model of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head(SONFH) during disease onset and progression. Seventy-two male SD rats were randomized into a healthy control group and a model group. The rat model of SONFH was established by injection of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) in the tail vein at a dose of 20 μg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) on days 1 and 2 and gluteal intramuscular injection of methylprednisolone sodium succinate(MPS) at a dose of 40 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1) on days 3-5, while the healthy control group received an equal volume of saline. The mechanical pain test, tongue color RGB technique, gait detection, open field test, and inclined plane test were employed to assess hip pain, tongue color, limping, joint activity, and lower limb strength, respectively, at different time points within 21 weeks of modeling. At weeks 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, and 21 after modeling, histopathological changes of the femoral head were observed by hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining and micro-CT scanning; four coagulation items were measured by rotational thromboelastometry; and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was employed to determine the levels of six blood lipids, vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), endothelin-1(ET-1), nitric oxide(NO), tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor factor-1(PAI-1), bone gla protein(BGP), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB(RANKL), osteoprotegerin(OPG), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b(TRAP5b) in the serum, as well as the levels of 6-keto-prostaglandin 1α(6-keto-PGF1α) and thromboxane B2(TXB2) in the plasma. The results demonstrated that the pathological alterations in the SONFH rats were severer over time. The bone trabecular area ratio, adipocyte number, empty lacuna rate, bone mineral density(BMD), bone volume/tissue volume(BV/TV), trabecular thickness(Tb.Th), trabecular number(Tb.N), bone surface area/bone volume(BS/BV), and trabecular separation(Tb.Sp) all significantly increased or decreased over the modeling time after week 4. Compared with the healthy control group, the mechanical pain threshold, gait swing speed, stride, standing time, and walking cycle of SONFH rats changed significantly within 21 weeks after modeling, with the greatest difference observed 12 weeks after modeling. The time spent in the central zone, rearing score, and maximum tilt angle in the open field test of SONFH rats also changed significantly over the modeling time. Compared with the healthy control group, the R, G, and B values of the tongue color of the model rats decreased significantly, with the greatest difference observed 11 weeks after modeling. The levels of total cholesterol(TC), total triglycerides(TG), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol(LDL-C), and apoprotein B(ApoB) in the SONFH rats changed significantly 4 and 8 weeks after modeling. The levels of VEGF, ET-1, NO, t-PA, PAI-1, 6-keto-PGF1α, TXB2, four coagulation items, and TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α ratio in the serum of SONFH rats changed significantly 4-16 weeks after modeling, with the greatest differences observed 12 weeks after modeling. The levels of BGP, TRAP5b, RANKL, OPG, and RANKL/OPG ratio in the serum of SONFH rats changed significantly 8-21 weeks after modeling. During the entire onset and progression of SONFH in rats, the blood stasis syndrome characteristics such as hyperalgesia, tongue color darkening, gait abnormalities, platelet, vascular, and coagulation dysfunctions were observed, which gradually worsened and then gradually alleviated in the disease course(2-21 weeks), with the most notable differences occurred around 12 weeks after modeling.
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Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Cabeça do Fêmur/patologia , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/efeitos adversos , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur/patologia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Esteroides , Dor , ColesterolRESUMO
Hypoxia, as an important hallmark of the tumor microenvironment, is a major cause of oxidative stress and plays a central role in various malignant tumors, including glioblastoma. Elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a hypoxic microenvironment promote glioblastoma progression; however, the underlying mechanism has not been clarified. Herein, we found that hypoxia promoted ROS production, and the proliferation, migration, and invasion of glioblastoma cells, while this promotion was restrained by ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI). Hypoxia-induced ROS activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling, which enhanced cell migration and invasion by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Furthermore, the induction of serine protease inhibitor family E member 1 (SERPINE1) was ROS-dependent under hypoxia, and HIF-1α mediated SERPINE1 increase induced by ROS via binding to the SERPINE1 promoter region, thereby facilitating glioblastoma migration and invasion. Taken together, our data revealed that hypoxia-induced ROS reinforce the hypoxic adaptation of glioblastoma by driving the HIF-1α-SERPINE1 signaling pathway, and that targeting ROS may be a promising therapeutic strategy for glioblastoma.
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Humanos , Hipóxia Celular , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Glioblastoma/patologia , Subunidade alfa do Fator 1 Induzível por Hipóxia/metabolismo , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Transdução de Sinais , Microambiente Tumoral , Neoplasias Encefálicas/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND@#Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in the pathophysiology of sepsis, but the exact mechanism remains debatable. In this study, we investigated the associations among the serum levels of PAI-1, the incidence of 4G/5G promoter PAI-1 gene polymorphisms, immunological indicators, and clinical outcomes in septic patients.@*METHODS@#A total of 181 patients aged 18-80 years with sepsis between November 2016 and August 2018 in the intensive care unit in the Xinhua Hospital were recruited in this retrospective study, with 28-day mortality as the primary outcome. The initial serum level of PAI-1 and the presence of rs1799768 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were examined. Univariate logistic regression and multivariate analyses were performed to determine the factors associated with different genotypes of PAI-1, serum level of PAI-1, and 28-day mortality.@*RESULTS@#The logistic analysis suggested that a high serum level of PAI-1 was associated with the rs1799768 SNP of PAI-1 (4G/4G and 4G/5G) (Odds ratio [OR]: 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09, 5.68). Furthermore, a high serum level of PAI-1 strongly influenced 28-day mortality (OR 3.36; 95% CI 1.51, 7.49). The expression and activation of neutrophils (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.93, 0.99), as well as the changes in the expression patterns of cytokines and chemokine-associated neutrophils (OR: 1.00; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.00), were both regulated by the genotype of PAI-1.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Genetic polymorphisms of PAI-1 can influence the serum levels of PAI-1, which might contribute to mortality by affecting neutrophil activity. Thus, patients with severe sepsis might clinically benefit from enhanced neutrophil clearance and the resolution of inflammation via the regulation of PAI-1 expression and activity.
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Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Genótipo , Neutrófilos , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único/genética , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sepse/genéticaRESUMO
This study was designed to evaluate the protective effect of CPD1, a novel phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, on renal interstitial fibrosis after unilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (UIRI). Male BALB/c mice were subjected to UIRI, and treated with CPD1 once daily (i.g, 5 mg/kg). Contralateral nephrectomy was performed on day 10 after UIRI, and the UIRI kidneys were harvested on day 11. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE), Masson trichrome and Sirius Red staining methods were used to observe the renal tissue structural lesions and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to detect the expression of proteins related to fibrosis. HE, Sirius Red and Masson trichrome staining showed that CPD1-treated UIRI mice had lower extent of tubular epithelial cell injury and deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) in renal interstitium compared with those in the fibrotic mouse kidneys. The results from immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay indicated significantly decreased protein expressions of type I collagen, fibronectin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) after CPD1 treatment. In addition, CPD1 dose-dependently inhibited the expression of ECM-related proteins induced by transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in normal rat kidney interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and human renal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2). In summary, the novel PDE inhibitor, CPD1, displays strong protective effects against UIRI and fibrosis by suppressing TGF-β signaling pathway and regulating the balance between ECM synthesis and degradation through PAI-1.
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Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Ratos , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular , Fibrose , Rim , Nefropatias , Inibidores da Fosfodiesterase 5 , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de PlasminogênioRESUMO
Abstract The development of stable cell lines producing recombinant proteins is very time-consuming and laborious. One of the practical approaches successfully performed is Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS). A mutated chimeric tissue plasminogen activator (mt-PA) was developed by removing the first three domains of t-PA, insertion of GHRP sequence and mutation toward resistance to plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). In the current study, a new stable CHO-DG44 cell line producing mt-PA was developed by two sequential clonal selections: FACS and clonal-selection by limiting dilution. Furthermore, the expression was more evaluated using two different expression media. Finally, the high-producing clones were selected based on the dot blot and amidolytic activity test. The transfection efficiency of CHO-DG44 cells was 38% as measured by flow cytometry on green fluorescent protein (GFP). After performing FACS on stable cell pools, the expression yield was increased to fifty-fold. In terms of growth profile, CD-DG44 showed higher viability and cell density results than ProCHO5 medium. The expression of mt-PA was significantly higher in CD-DG44 than in ProCHO5, 765 and 280 IU/mL, respectively. Our data indicated that selection of an appropriate expression medium played a critical role in the development of potent producing stable cells by FACS.
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Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Otimização de Processos , Citometria de Fluxo/métodos , Fluorescência , Contagem de Células/instrumentação , Células Clonais/classificação , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/efeitos adversos , Proteínas de Fluorescência VerdeRESUMO
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Cicatriz , Colágeno Tipo I , Colágeno , Contratura , Desmina , Regulação para Baixo , Matriz Extracelular , Fibroblastos , Fibronectinas , Fibrose , Folistatina , Terapia Genética , Imuno-Histoquímica , Miofibroblastos , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , RNA Mensageiro , Traumatismos dos Tendões , Tendões , Inibidor Tecidual de Metaloproteinase-1RESUMO
This study determined the expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and microRNA (miR)-17 in a mouse depression model. Forty male mice were divided evenly into control and depression groups. A chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model was constructed. qRT-PCR was used to determine the expression of PAI-1 mRNA and miR-17. Western blotting and ELISA were used to determine expression of PAI-1 protein. Dual luciferase reporter assay was carried out to identify direct interaction between miR-17 and PAI-1 mRNA. The mice with depression had elevated PAI-1 mRNA and protein in hippocampal tissues and blood. Expression of miR-17 was decreased in hippocampal tissues and blood from mice with depression. miR-17 bound with the 3′-UTR of PAI-1 mRNA to regulate its expression. This study demonstrated that miR-17 expression in hippocampal tissues and blood from mice with depression was decreased while expression of PAI-1 mRNA and protein was up-regulated. miR-17 participated in depression in mice by regulating PAI-1.
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Animais , Masculino , Coelhos , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , MicroRNAs , Depressão/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro , Hipocampo/metabolismoRESUMO
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is a biomarker of thrombosis. Adipose and vascular tissues are among the major sources of PAI-1 production. Previous studies indicated that fat deposits mediate increased cardiovascular risk among obese individuals. We investigated the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of PAI-1 in adipose and vascular tissues from the omentum and the subcutaneous tissue. The pathology samples were selected from 37 random patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery between 2008-2009. PAI-1 expression was semi-quantitatively scored and compared between the groups. Significant differences were noted in the IHC expression of PAI-1 between the omental and the subcutaneous adipose tissues (1.1 ± 0.8 versus 0.8 ± 0.6, respectively (p=0.05)). Adipose tissue displayed higher IHC expression of PAI-1 compared to vascular wall tissue in both omentum and subcutaneous sections (1.1 ± 0.8 versus 0.5 ± 0.9 (p=0.004), and 0.8 ± 0.6 versus 0.4 ± 0.6 (p=0.003), respectively). In conclusion, our study compared PAI-1 expression in the omentum versus the subcutaneous tissue and adipose versus vascular tissues. IHC expression of PAI-1 level was significantly higher in the omental adipose tissue compared to the subcutaneous adipose tissue. Adipose tissue displayed significantly higher PAI-1 expression than vascular tissue. The study elucidates the biological differences of adipose and vascular tissue from subcutaneous versus omental sections.
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Humanos , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/análise , Imuno-Histoquímica , Tecido Adiposo , Gordura Abdominal/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Perivascular stem cells (PVCs) have been identified as precursors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that offer promising prospects for application in the development of cellular therapies. Although PVCs have been demonstrated to have greater therapeutic potential compared to bone marrow and adipose tissue-derived MSCs in various diseases, the regulatory role of PVCs on inflammasome activation during macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses has not been investigated.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we found that the PVC secretome effectively alleviates secretion of both caspase-1 and interleukin-1β in lipopolysaccharide-primed and activated human and murine macrophages by blocking inflammasome activation and attenuating the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). We further showed that the PVC secretome significantly reduces inflammatory responses and endoplasmic reticulum stress in peritoneal macrophages in a mouse model of monosodium urate-induced peritonitis. A cytokine antibody array analysis revealed that the PVC secretome contains high levels of serpin E1 and angiogenin, which may be responsible for the inhibitory effects on mitochondrial ROS generation as well as on inflammasome activation.CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that PVCs may be therapeutically useful for the treatment of macrophage- and inflammation-mediated diseases by paracrine action via the secretion of various biological factors.
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Fatores Biológicos , Medula Óssea , Estresse do Retículo Endoplasmático , Inflamassomos , Inflamação , Macrófagos , Macrófagos Peritoneais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais , Peritonite , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Células-TroncoRESUMO
Trauma-induced coagulopathy is classified into primary and secondary coagulopathy, with the former elicited by trauma and traumatic shock itself and the latter being acquired coagulopathy induced by anemia, hypothermia, acidosis, and dilution. Primary coagulopathy consists of disseminated intravascular coagulation and acute coagulopathy of trauma shock (ACOTS). The pathophysiology of ACOTS is the suppression of thrombin generation and neutralization of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 mediated by activated protein C that leads to hypocoagulation and hyperfibrinolysis in the circulation. This review tried to clarify the validity of activated protein C hypothesis that constitutes the main pathophysiology of the ACOTS in experimental trauma models.
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Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Doença Aguda , Transtornos da Coagulação Sanguínea , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Coagulação Intravascular Disseminada , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Proteína C , Fisiologia , Trombina , Ferimentos e LesõesRESUMO
Background@#Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) was previously established to impact several phenotypes in many kinds of cancer, including pancreatic cancer. However, its prognostic significance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) needs support of further evidence. This study was designed to address the issue.@*Methods@#PAI-1 expression was detected by tissue microarray-based immunohistochemical staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens from 93 PDAC patients with surgical resection from September 2004 to December 2008. Its relationships with clinicopathologic variables and tumor-specific survival (TSS) were further evaluated using Chi-square, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank, as well as Cox regression analyses.@*Results@#Expression of PAI-1 was much higher in tumor than that in nontumor tissues, based on comparison of all samples and 74 matched ones (95 [47.5, 180] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = -2.439, P = 0.015 and 100 [46.9, 182.5] vs. 80 [45, 95], Z = -2.594, P = 0.009, respectively). In addition, tumoral PAI-1 expression was positively associated with N stage (22/35 for N1 vs. 21/51 for N0, χ = 3.903, P = 0.048). Univariate analyses showed that TSS of patients with high PAI-1 tumors was significantly poorer than that of those with low PAI-1 tumors (log rank value = 19.00, P < 0.0001). In multivariate Cox regression test, PAI-1 expression was identified as an independent predictor for long-term prognosis of resectable PDAC (hazard ratio = 2.559, 95% confidence interval = 1.499-4.367, P = 0.001).@*Conclusion@#These results suggest that expression of PAI-1 is upregulated in PDAC and might serve as a poor prognostic indicator.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático , Química , Mortalidade , Patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Química , Mortalidade , Patologia , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos ProporcionaisRESUMO
Aim: This study compared early plasma levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in normal pregnancy and preeclampsia and determined its relationship with disease severity. Subjects and Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 195 normotensive, aproteinuric pregnant women without prior history of gestational hypertension. The women were attending the Antenatal Clinic at The Lagos University Teaching Hospital and were within 24 weeks gestation at recruitment. The outcome measures were PAI-1, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and significant proteinuria. The endpoint of the study was the development of preeclampsia. The diagnosis of preeclampsia was made by the attending Obstetrician. The data were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistical software. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05. Results: First trimester PAI-1 levels were significantly higher in the women who later developed preeclampsia compared to those who had a normal pregnancy (P < 0.0001). In these group of women who later developed preeclampsia, PAI-1 had an inverse relationship with gestational age (r = 0.878) whereas in normal pregnancy, PAI-1 and gestational age had a direct relationship (r = 0.017). Second trimester systolic and DBP values were also significantly higher in the women who later developed preeclampsia compared to normal pregnancy, P = 0.007 and 0.004, respectively. There was, however, no correlation between PAI-1 values and SBP, DBP and proteinuria in the women who developed preeclampsia. Conclusion: Plasma levels of PAI-1 are increased early in pregnancies complicated by preeclampsia, but the lack of correlation of this marker with disease severity may limit its clinical utility
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Pressão Sanguínea , Lagos , Nigéria , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Pré-Eclâmpsia , Gravidez , ProteinúriaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common feature of the final stage of nearly all cause types of chronic kidney disease. Although classic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) agonists have a protective effect on diabetic nephropathy, much less is known about their direct effects in renal fibrosis. This study aimed to investigate possible beneficial effects of lobeglitazone, a novel PPARγ agonist, on renal fibrosis in mice. METHODS: We examined the effects of lobeglitazone on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) induced renal fibrosis mice. We further defined the role of lobeglitazone on transforming growth factor (TGF)-signaling pathways in renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis through in vivo and in vitro study. RESULTS: Through hematoxylin/eosin and sirius red staining, we observed that lobeglitazone effectively attenuates UUO-induced renal atrophy and fibrosis. Immunohistochemical analysis in conjunction with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis revealed that lobeglitazone treatment inhibited UUO-induced upregulation of renal Smad-3 phosphorylation, α-smooth muscle actin, plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, and type 1 collagen. In vitro experiments with rat mesangial cells and NRK-49F renal fibroblast cells suggested that the effects of lobeglitazone on UUO-induced renal fibrosis are mediated by inhibition of the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that lobeglitazone has a protective effect on UUO-induced renal fibrosis, suggesting that its clinical applications could extend to the treatment of non-diabetic origin renal disease.
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Animais , Camundongos , Ratos , Actinas , Atrofia , Western Blotting , Colágeno Tipo I , Nefropatias Diabéticas , Fibroblastos , Fibrose , Técnicas In Vitro , Células Mesangiais , Peroxissomos , Fosforilação , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Insuficiência Renal Crônica , Transcrição Reversa , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta , Fatores de Crescimento Transformadores , Regulação para Cima , Ureter , Obstrução UreteralRESUMO
The presence of childhood obesity predisposes to the development of cardio vascular and metabolic diseases, such as coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus, in adulthood. The polymorphisms described in PAI-1 gene have been linked with obesity and metabolic syndrome in several populations. The aim of this study was to investigate the as sociation of the -844 G/A (rs2227631), -675 4G/5G (rs1799889) and HindIII C/G (rs757716) PAI-1 polymorphisms with obesity and dyslipidemia in a sample of Mexican children. A cross-sectional study was performed in 222 children with an age range between 6-11 years; 104 children were classified as obese and 118 children with normal-weight. The PAI-1 poly morphisms were analyzed by PCR-RFLP. Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplogenotype analysis among the three polymorphisms were determined. The results showed significant as sociations with obesity of the -844 G/A genotype and the A allele (OR= 2.75, p<0.001 and OR= 1.76, p=0.01, respectively). The -844 G/A polymorphism was found in LD with -675 4G/5G PAI-1 polymorphism (D= 0.77). We found that G-4G-C/A-5G-G is a risk haplogeno type for obesity [OR=2.6; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17-4.22; p= 0.01] and with marginal association with hypertriglyceridemia(OR= 2.6; 95% CI 1.04-6.35; p= 0.05). The G-4G-C/A 5G-G PAI-1 haplogenotype may be a genetic marker of susceptibility for obesity and hypertri glyceridemia in Mexican children.
La presencia de la obesidad en la infancia predispone al desarrollo de enfermedades cardiovasculares y metabólicas, como la enfermedad arterial coronaria y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en la edad adulta. Algunos polimorfismos en el gen PAI-1 se han relacionado con la obesidad y el síndrome metabólico en varias poblaciones. El objetivo del estudio fue investigar la asociación de los polimorfismos -844 G/A (rs2227631), -675 4G/5G (rs1799889) y HindIII C/G (rs757716) en el gen PAI-1 con la obesidad y las dislipidemias en una muestra de niños mexicanos. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 222 niños con un rango de edad de 6-11 años, de los cuales 104 niños fueron clasificados con obesidad y 118 con peso normal. Los poli morfismos en el gen PAI-1 fueron analizados por PCR-RFLP. También se determinó el desequilibrio de ligamiento y el análisis de haplogenotipos de los tres polimorfismos. Los resultados mostraron la asociación significativa de la obesidad con el genotipo -844 G/A y el alelo A (OR= 2,75, p<0,001 y OR= 1,76, p=0,01, respectivamente). El polimorfismo -844 G/A se encontró en desequilibrio de ligamiento con el -675 4G/5G (D= 0.77). También se encontró que el haplogenotipo G-4G-C/A-5G-G es un marcador de riesgo para la obesidad [OR=2,6; 95% intervalo de confianza (CI) 1,17-4,22; p= 0,01], además de que este haplogenotipo presentó una asociación marginal con la hipertrigliceridemia (OR= 2,6; 95% CI 1,04-6,35; p= 0,05). El haplogenotipo G-4G-C/A-5G-G en el gen PAI-1 puede ser un marcador genético de susceptibilidad para obesidad e hipertrigliceridemia en niños mexicanos.
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Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Hipertrigliceridemia/genética , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio/genética , Obesidade Infantil/genética , Estudos Transversais , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Genótipo , MéxicoRESUMO
This review article introduces the research advances in the pathophysiological mechanism of obesity in inducing pediatric bronchial asthma, including the role of leptin in obesity and asthma, the association of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 with obesity and asthma, the association of adiponectin and interleukins with obesity and asthma, and the influence of neurotransmitter on asthma. In particular, this article introduces the latest research on the inhibition of allergic asthma through targeting at the nociceptor of dorsal root ganglion and blocking the signaling pathway of the nociceptor.
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Humanos , Asma , Leptina , Fisiologia , Fator de Crescimento Neural , Fisiologia , Neurotransmissores , Fisiologia , Obesidade , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , FisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Dysregulation of adipokines caused by excess adipose tissue has been implicated in the development of obesity-related metabolic diseases. This study evaluated the effects of mugwort (Artemisia princeps Pampanini) ethanol extract on lipid metabolic changes, insulin resistance, adipokine balance, and body fat reduction in obese rats. METHODS: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a control diet (NC), high-fat diet (HF, 40% kcal from fat), or high-fat diet with 1% mugwort extract (HFM) for 6 weeks. RESULTS: Epididymal and retroperitoneal fat mass increased in the HF group compared with the NC group, and epididymal fat mass was reduced in the HFM group (p < 0.05). No difference was observed in serum levels of total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) among the groups. However, triglyceride (TG), TG/HDL-C ratio, and TC/HDL-C ratio increased in the HF group and significantly decreased in the HFM group. TG and TC levels in the liver were significantly higher in the HF group, whereas these levels were significantly reduced in the HFM group. HF rats had lower insulin sensitivity as indicated by increased homeostasis model assessment of the insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) value. HOMA-IR values significantly decreased in the HFM group. Adiponectin levels were higher in NC rats, and their leptin and PAI-1 levels were lower. Relative balance of adipokines was reversed in the HF group, with lower adiponectin levels but higher leptin and PAI-1 levels. In contrast, the HFM group maintained balance of adiponectin/leptin and adiponectin/PAI-1 levels similar to NC by reducing leptin and PAI-1 levels. CONCLUSION: Overall data indicated that mugwort extract can be effective in alleviating metabolic dislipidemia, insulin resistance, and adipokine dysregulation induced by a high-fat diet.
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Animais , Humanos , Masculino , Ratos , Adipocinas , Adiponectina , Tecido Adiposo , Artemisia , Colesterol , Dieta , Dieta Hiperlipídica , Etanol , Homeostase , Resistência à Insulina , Gordura Intra-Abdominal , Leptina , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipoproteínas , Fígado , Doenças Metabólicas , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , TriglicerídeosRESUMO
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Prevention of osteonecrosis (ON) has seldom been addressed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of resveratrol on preventing steroid-induced ON in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Seventy-two rabbits were divided into four groups: (1) NEC (ON) group: thirty rabbits were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) once, then with methylprednisolone (MPS) daily for 3 days; (2) PRE (prevention) group: thirty rabbits were given one dose of LPS, then MPS daily for 3 days, and resveratrol on day 0 and daily for 2 weeks; (3) RES (resveratrol) group: six rabbits were given resveratrol for 2 weeks but without LPS/MPS; (4) CON (control) group: six rabbits were given alcohol for 2 weeks but without LPS/MPS. Levels of plasma tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), thrombomodulin (TM), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), maximum enhancement (ME) by magnetic resonance imaging, and ON incidence were evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The PRE group had a lower ON incidence than the NEC group, but with no significant differences at 2 weeks and 12 weeks. The RES and CON groups did not develop ON. TM and VEGF were significantly higher in the NEC group compared with the PRE group at weeks 1, 2, and 4 (TM: 1 week, P = 0.029; 2 weeks, P = 0.005; and 4 weeks, P = 0.047; VEGF: 1 week, P = 0.039; 2 weeks, P = 0.021; 4 weeks, P = 0.014), but the difference disappeared at 12 weeks. The levels of t-PA and PAI-1 were not significantly different between the NEC and PRE groups. The TM, t-PA, PAI-1, and VEGF concentrations in the RES and CON groups did not change over time. Compared to the baseline, ME in the NEC group decreased significantly (P = 0.025) at week 1, increased significantly (P = 0.021) at week 2, and was decreased at week 12. The variance was insignificant in the PRE group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Resveratrol may improve blood supply to bone in a rabbit model of ON of the femoral head via anti-inflammatory effects to protect the vascular endothelium and reduce thrombosis.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Necrose da Cabeça do Fêmur , Lipopolissacarídeos , Toxicidade , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Metilprednisolona , Toxicidade , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Sangue , Estilbenos , Farmacologia , Usos Terapêuticos , Trombomodulina , Sangue , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Sangue , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , SangueRESUMO
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) in preventing postoperative peritoneal adhesions in rats and explore the mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups, including a blank control group, adhesion model group, and high-, moderate-, and low-dose STS-treated groups, and were subjected to injuries of the parietal peritoneum and cecum to induce peritoneal adhesions, followed by intraperitoneal administration of saline and STS at the doses of 20, 10, and 5 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days, respectively. Another 15 untreated rats served as the blank control group. The adhesion scores in each group were recorded after the treatments; the activity of tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) in peritoneal lavage fluid was measured, tPA/PAI-1 protein ratio in the peritoneal tissue was determined by ELISA, and the expressions of TGF-β1 and collagen I were detected by immunohistochemistry. The anastomotic healing model was used to assess the impact of STS on wound healing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Intraperitoneal administration of STS effectively prevented peritoneal adhesion without affecting anastomotic healing in the rats. Compared with the adhesion model group, the STS-treated groups showed increased peritoneal lavage fluid tPA activity and tPA/PAI-1 ratio in the ischemic tissues with lowered TGF-β1 and collagen I expressions in the ischemic tissues.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Intraperitoneal administration of STS can prevent peritoneal adhesion and enhance local fibrinolysis in rats, and these effects may be mediated by TGF-β signaling pathway.</p>
Assuntos
Animais , Ratos , Ceco , Ferimentos e Lesões , Patologia , Colágeno Tipo I , Metabolismo , Fibrinólise , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Peritônio , Ferimentos e Lesões , Patologia , Fenantrenos , Farmacologia , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Metabolismo , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Aderências Teciduais , Ativador de Plasminogênio Tecidual , Metabolismo , Fator de Crescimento Transformador beta1 , Metabolismo , CicatrizaçãoRESUMO
The concentration of adenosine in the normal kidney increases markedly during renal hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation. A recent study reported that an A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) antagonist attenuated the progression of renal fibrosis. The adriamycin (ADX)-induced nephropathy model induces podocyte injury, which results in severe proteinuria and progressive glomerulosclerosis. In this study, we investigated the preventive effect of a highly selective A3AR antagonist (LJ1888) in ADX-induced nephropathy. Three groups of six-week-old Balb/c mice were treated with ADX (11 mg/kg) for four weeks and LJ1888 (10 mg/kg) for two weeks as following: 1) control; 2) ADX; and 3) ADX + LJ1888. ADX treatment decreased body weight without a change in water and food intake, but this was ameliorated by LJ1888 treatment. Interestingly, LJ1888 lowered plasma creatinine level, proteinuria, and albuminuria, which had increased during ADX treatment. Furthermore, LJ1888 inhibited urinary nephrin excretion as a podocyte injury marker, and urine 8-isoprostane and kidney lipid peroxide concentration, which are markers of oxidative stress, increased after injection of ADX. ADX also induced the activation of proinflammatory and profibrotic molecules such as TGF-β1, MCP-1, PAI-1, type IV collagen, NF-κB, NOX4, TLR4, TNFα, IL-1β, and IFN-γ, but they were remarkably suppressed after LJ1888 treatment. In conclusion, our results suggest that LJ1888 has a renoprotective effect in ADX-induced nephropathy, which might be associated with podocyte injury through oxidative stress. Therefore, LJ1888, a selective A3AR antagonist, could be considered as a potential therapeutic agent in renal glomerular diseases which include podocyte injury and proteinuria.
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Adenosina , Albuminúria , Hipóxia , Peso Corporal , Colágeno Tipo IV , Creatinina , Doxorrubicina , Ingestão de Alimentos , Fibrose , Inflamação , Isquemia , Rim , Estresse Oxidativo , Plasma , Inibidor 1 de Ativador de Plasminogênio , Podócitos , Proteinúria , Receptores Purinérgicos P1 , ÁguaRESUMO
PURPOSE: In the present study, we evaluated the levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by performing immunohistochemical staining to determine whether they were reliable prognostic markers in patients with breast cancer. METHODS: Demographic and clinicopathological parameters of 214 patients with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and 80 patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who were diagnosed and treated from 2006 to 2010 were analyzed. Tissue microarray was constructed and immunohistochemical staining was performed for each specimen. RESULTS: Univariate analyses showed that age at diagnosis, history of hormone replacement therapy, radiation therapy, skin and chest wall invasion, Paget disease, lymphovascular invasion, estrogen receptor positivity, and triple-negative subtype were significantly associated with patient prognosis (p<0.005). Patients with DCIS showed higher PAI-1 expression than patients with IDC (82.5% and 36.2%, respectively; p=0.012). Lymph node metastasis was more frequent in patients with high uPA levels than in patients with low uPA levels (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: Our results suggested that PAI-1 was involved in tumor progression in the early stages of breast cancer, such as DCIS. In addition, our results suggested that high uPA levels were associated with the lymph node metastasis of IDC.