Guilingji Capsules reduce 900 MHz collphone electromagnetic radiation-induced testicular oxidative damage and downregulate Prdx2 protein expression in the rat testis / 中华男科学杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship of electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from 900 MHz cellphone frequency with testicular oxidative damage and its influence on the Prdx2 protein expression in the rat testis, and to explore the mechanism of Guilingji Capsules (GC) alleviating oxidative damage to the testis tissue.@*METHODS@#Fifty healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into five groups of equal number, sham-EMR, 4-h EMR, 8-h EMR, 4-h EMR+GC and 8-h EMR+GC and exposed to 900 MHz EMR (370 μW/cm2) for 0, 4 or 8 hours daily for 15 successive days. The rats of the latter two groups were treated intragastrically with GC suspension and those of the first three groups with pure water after exposure to EMR each day. After 15 days of exposure and treatment, all the rats were sacrificed and their testis tissue collected for observation of the histomorphological and ultrastructural changes by HE staining and transmission electron microscopy, measurement of the levels of serum glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) with thiobarbiuric acid and determination of the Prdx2 protein expression by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the rats in the sham-EMR group, those in the 4-h and 8-h EMR groups showed different degrees of histomorphological and ultrastructural changes in the testis tissue, significantly decreased levels of GSH (［80.62 ± 10.99］ vs ［69.58 ± 4.18］ and ［66.17 ± 8.45］ mg/L, P < 0.05) and SOD (［172.29 ± 10.98］ vs ［158.92 ± 6.46］ and ［148.91 ± 8.60］ U/ml, P < 0.05) and increased level of MDA (［7.51 ± 1.73］ vs ［9.84 ± 1.03］ and ［11.22 ± 2.13］ umol/ml, P < 0.05), even more significantly in the 8-h than in the 4-h EMR group (P < 0.05). In comparison with the sham-EMR group, the expression of the Prdx2 protein was markedly downregulated in the 4-h and 8-h EMR groups (0.56 ± 0.03 vs 0.49 ± 0.03, 0.21 ± 0.01, P < 0.05), but again upregulated in the 4-h and 8-h EMR+GC groups (0.55±0.03 and 0.37±0.04) (P < 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Electromagnetic radiation from cellphones can cause ultrastructural damage to the testis tissue of male rats, while Guilingji Capsules can alleviate it, presumably by upregulating the Prdx2 protein expression in the testis tissue and reducing testicular oxidative damage.

Evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic effects of sildenafil on acute radiation proctitis in rats

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the prophylactic and therapeutical effects of sildenafil in a model of acute radiation proctitis (ARP). Methods: All experimental procedures of this study was examined by histopathological, immunohistochemical and transmission electron microscopic analysis. Results: Our histopathological evaluations indicated significant increases in lesion severity, cryptic apsis, cryptitis, cryptic distortion, reactive atypia and infiltration depth of the control (proctitis) group. While the prophylaxis group and the treatment group had significantly lower scores. High-dose group showed similar results as prophylaxis group. Histopathological findings of the prophylaxis group was more significant than the treatment group. Immunoreactivities of IL-1β, FGF-2, TNF- α and HIF-1α increased in the control group especially in the epithelial and cryptic regions. On the contrary, sildenafil application caused significant decreases of inflammatory markers in all treatment groups, specifically better results in the prophylaxis group. Conclusion: The sildenafil has anti-inflammatory effects on ARP, as well as protective effects against ARP and the protective effect of sildenafil surpasses its therapeutic effect histopathologically.

Therapeutic effect of Aloe vera and silver nanoparticles on acid-induced oral ulcer in gamma-irradiated mice

Abstract Radiation combined injury, a life-threatening condition, has higher mortality than simple radiation injury. The aim of the present study was to analyze the efficiency of Aloe vera and silver nanoparticles in improving the healing of ulcerated oral mucosa after irradiation. Thirty male Albino mice were divided into five groups: control, radiation, Aloe vera (AV), silver nanoparticles (NS), and AV+NS. The mice were exposed to whole body 6Gy gamma-radiation. After one hour, 20% acetic acid was injected into the submucosal layer of the lower lip for ulcer induction. The animals received topical treatment with the assigned substances for 5 days. Lip specimens were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin and anti alpha-smooth muscle actin immunohistochemical staining. Results demonstrated occurance of ulcer three days post irradiation in all groups except in the AV+NS group where only epithelial detachment was developed. After seven days, data revealed persistent ulcer in radiation group, and almost normal epithelium in the AV+NS group. A significant reduction of epithelial thickness was detected in all groups at the third day as compared to control. At the seventh day, only the AV+NS group restored the epithelial thickness. Area percent of alpha-smooth muscle actin expression was significantly decreased in radiation group at the third day followed by significant increase at the seventh day. However, all treatment groups showed significant increase in alpha-smooth muscle actin at the third day, which decreased to normal level at the seventh day. Our study demonstrated the efficiency of Aloe vera and silver nanoparticles in enhancing ulcer healing after irradiation.

L-carnitine has a protective effect on the colonic mucosa during abdominopelvic radiotherapy in rats

ABSTRACT PURPOSE: To evaluate histopathologically the radioprotective effect of L-carnitine on the colonic mucosa in rats undergoing abdominopelvic irradiation. METHODS: Thirty-two rats were randomly assigned to four experimental groups: intraperitoneal administration of normal saline (group 1) or L-carnitine (300 mL/kg; group 2), followed in groups 3 and 4, respectively, by one dose of abdominopelvic radiation (20 Gy) 30 min later. Rats were sacrificed 5 days after radiation, and their descending colons were resected for histopathological evaluation of the presence and severity of damage. RESULTS: Average damage scores did not differ significantly between groups 1 and 2 (0.13 ± 0.35 and 0.25 ± 0.46, respectively); the group 3 score was highest (10.25 ± 0.71), and the group 4 score (3.63 ± 1.41) was significantly lower than that of group 3 (both p = 0.0001). Pre-radiation L-carnitine administration significantly reduced mucosal thinning, crypt distortion, reactive atypia, inflammation, cryptitis, and reactive lymph-node hyperplasia (all p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: L-carnitine had a radioprotective effect on rat colonic mucosa. L-carnitine use should be explored for patients with gastrointestinal cancer, who have reduced serum L-carnitine levels.

Radiation nephritis: anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone in adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) / Nefritis por radiación: efecto anti-inflamatorio de la dexametasona en ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus)

The anti-inflammatory effect of dexamethasone on the irradiated kidneys of adult Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) was studied. Eighteen adult Wistar rats were, after acclimatization, randomly divided into 3 groups of 6 animals per group. The control group had normal saline, receiving neither drugs nor radiation. The second group received normal saline and radiation. The third group received pretreatment with dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days followed by radiation. Radiation was delivered to the animals as a single fraction of 2.5 Gy of gamma rays from Cobalt-60 source, using an AECL Theatron 780-C Teletherapy machine. After exposure to the different interventions, the animals were sacrificed on the 14th post-irradiation day and the kidneys dissected out from each animal. The renal tissues were subjected to histological processing, and then studied using an eyepiece objective ruler calibrated with a 2mm stage micrometer for histomorphometric studies. The result of the study showed that all irradiated animals suffered weight loss by the 14th day post-irradiation (p<0.05) irrespective of the additional treatment with dexamethasone and this was statistically significant. Histomorphometry showed that the maximum width of the glomerular capsule was significantly greater in the radiation groups than in the control at p<0.05. The maximal glomerular diameter was significantly greater in irradiated animals compared with the control animals at p<0.05. The outcome of this study showed that the intraperitoneal administration of dexamethasone at 1mg/kg body weight/day for 2 days prior to treatment with irradiation did not prevent weight loss nor ameliorate the swelling of the nephrons resulting from the effect of radiation injury to the Wistar rat.

Fue estudiado el efecto anti-inflamatorio de la dexametasona en riñones irradiados de 18 ratas Wistar adultas (Rattus norvegicus). Luego de la aclimatización, aleatoriamente se dividieron en 3 grupos de 6 animales por grupo. El grupo control recibió una solución salina normal, sin recibir drogas ni radiación. El segundo grupo recibió solución salina normal y radiación. El tercer grupo recibió tratamiento previo con dexametasona con 1 mg / kg de peso corporal / día, durante 2 días, seguido de radiación. Los animales fueron expuestos a radiación con una fracción independiente de 2.5 Gy de rayos gamma por una fuente de Cobalto-60, usando una máquina de teleterapia AECL Theatron 780-C. Después de la exposición a las diferentes intervenciones, los animales fueron sacrificados el día 14 post-irradiación y los riñones de cada uno de los animales fueron disecados. Los tejidos renales fueron sometidos a procesamiento histológico, y luego se estudiaron utilizando un objetivo ocular milimetrado calibrado a 2mm para el estudio histomorfométrico. Se demostró que todos los animales irradiados sufrieron pérdida de peso 14 días después de ésta (p <0.05), independientemente de los tratamientos adicionales con dexametasona , siendo estadísticamente significativo. La histomorfometría mostró que el ancho máximo de la cápsula glomerular fue significativamente mayor en los grupos irradiados que en el control en p <0.05. El diámetro máximo del glomérulo fue significativamente mayor en los animales irradiados en comparación con los animales control p <0.05. Los resultados de este estudio mostraron que la administración intraperitoneal, de 1 mg / kg de peso corporal / día durante 2 días, de dexametasona antes de comenzar el tratamiento con irradiación, no impide la pérdida de peso ni permite aliviar el edema de los nefrones, injuria producto de la radiación a las Ratas Wistar.

Effect of AC II, a herbal formulation on radiation-induced immunosuppression in mice.

A single dose of 6 Gy irradiation significantly reduced the total WBC count while in herbal formulation (AC II) treated groups it was found to be significantly increased. Similarly bone marrow cellularity and alpha-esterase positive cells, which were lowered by radiation, were partly restored in AC II treated groups. The data indicate that AC II can overcome the immunosuppression produced by irradiation.

Modelo biológico para evaluar la acción fotoprotectora de un extracto de cordón umbilical humano / Biological model to evaluate the photoprotective action of an extract from human umbilical cord

Se demostró por observación macroscópica e histológica que la aplicación tópica de un extracto de cordón umbilical humano en forma de gel, es capaz de proteger la piel de ratones albinos Balb/C de los efectos perjudiciales producidos por la exposición de estos a una fuente artificial de radiaciones ultravioletas. Se compararon además los resultados obtenidos en este sentido con un fotoprotector de la industria norteamericana, e igualmente se discutieron las posibilidades de usar este modelo biológico para evaluar productos con acción fotoprotectora