Analysis of clinical features and variants of NF1 gene in 12 patients with Neurofibromatosis type 1 / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the types of NF1 gene variants and clinical characteristics among patients with Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1).@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 12 patients diagnosed at Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital between December 2019 and May 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The probands and their family members were subjected to high-throughput sequencing, and candidate variants were verified by Sanger sequencing and chromosome microarray analysis.@*RESULTS@#The 12 patients had ranged from 4 months to 27 years old, with a male-to-female ratio of 2 : 1. Cafè-au-lait spots were found in all patients. 83.3% of them also had axillary and/or inguinal freckling, 58.3% had neurofibromas, and 16.7% had congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia. Five types of NF1 gene variants were identified in the patients, including 5 nonsense variants, 4 frameshift variants, 1 missense variant, 1 splice variant, 1 large deletion involving the whole gene. Six patients were found to harbor de novo variants, 2 had inherited the variants from their parents, and 4 were not verified for their parental origin. The c.3379del (p.Thr1127Glnfs*15) and c.6628_6629del (p.Glu2210Thrfs*10) variants were unreported in literature and databases.@*CONCLUSION@#Most NF1 patients may present with Cafè-au-lait spots initially and are due to pathogenic variant of the NF1 gene. High-throughput sequencing can efficiently identify such variants among the patients and enable the definite diagnosis.

Analysis of a child with Verheij syndrome due to variant of PUF60 gene / 中华医学遗传学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical phenotype and genetic variant in a child with Verheij syndrome (VRJS).@*METHODS@#A child who had presented at the Soochow University Affiliated Children's Hospital and Wujiang District Children's Hospital in July 2022 for "elevated scapula since early childhood" was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples of the child and his parents were collected and subjected to whole exome sequencing. Candidate variant was verified by Sanger sequencing and bioinformatic analysis.@*RESULTS@#The child had manifested elevated scapulae, torticollis, neck asymmetry, facial dysmorphism, dispersed café-au-lait spots, limited mobility of upper limbs and shoulder joints, and intellectual disability. Sequencing revealed that he has harbored a de novo heterozygous c.405dupT (p.Ile136Tyrfs*4) variant of the PUF60 gene. Based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG), this variant was classified as pathogenic (PVS1+PS2_moderate+PM2_supporting). Combined his clinical features and result of genetic testing, the child was diagnosed with VRJS due to variant of the PUF60 gene.@*CONCLUSION@#The clinical manifestations of VRJS include facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, elevated scapulae, vertebral fusion, other skeletal malformations, without significant abnormalities of the heart, kidney, and eyes, which need to be distinguished from Klippel-Feil syndrome. Above finding has expended the mutation spectrum of the PUF60 gene and provided a reference for delineation of the genotype-phenotype correlation of the VRJS.

Estudio clínico y molecular en pacientes cubanos con neurofibromatosis tipo i / Clinical and molecular study in cuban patients with type I neurofibromatosis

Introducción: La neurofibromatosis tipo i es una enfermedad hereditaria, autosómica dominante, multisistémica, progresiva con penetrancia completa y expresividad variable. El análisis de las familias con marcadores moleculares permite realizar el diagnóstico por métodos indirectos. Objetivos: Estudiar dos familias cubanas con al menos un caso de neurofibromatosis tipo i e identificar los alelos resultantes del polimorfismo para el diagnóstico molecular. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo a dos familias con al menos un caso de neurofibromatosis tipo i. Se extrajo el ADN con la técnica de precipitación salina y fue utilizada la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la amplificación del fragmento de interés. Se realizó la digestión enzimática con la enzima Rsai para analizar los alelos del polimorfismo estudiado y posteriormente hacer la electroforesis en gel de agarosa al 2 por ciento. Resultados: Las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes fueron las manchas color café con leche, pecas axilares e inguinales y lesiones óseas. Se detectaron los alelos 1 y 2 al analizar el polimorfismo en las muestras. Las frecuencias alélicas fueron 38,5 por ciento y 61,5 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: Fueron identificadas las principales manifestaciones clínicas en los pacientes. La técnica para el análisis del polimorfimo permitió el estudio molecular en las familias con neurofibromatosis tipo i. Se detectaron los alelos del marcador molecular y sus frecuencias. Se realizó el diagnóstico molecular de los individuos sospechosos (AU)

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis type i is a hereditary, autosomal dominant, multisystemic, progressive disease with complete penetrance and variable manifestation. The analysis of families with molecular markers allows diagnosis by indirect methods. Objectives: To study two Cuban families with at least one case of neurofibromatosis type i and to identify the alleles resulting from the polymorphism for molecular diagnosis. Methods: A descriptive study of two families with at least one case of neurofibromatosis type i was performed. DNA was extracted with the saline precipitation technique and polymerase chain reaction was used for amplification of the fragment of interest. Enzymatic digestion was performed with the RsaI enzyme to analyze the alleles of the polymorphism studied and then to perform electrophoresis in 2 percent agarose gel. Results: The most frequent clinical manifestations were café-au-lait spots, axillary and inguinal freckles and bone lesions. Alleles 1 and 2 were detected when analyzing the polymorphism in the samples. The allele frequencies were 38.5 percent and 61.5 percent respectively. Conclusions: The main clinical manifestations in patients were identified. The technique for polymorphism analysis allowed the molecular study in the families with neurofibromatosis type i. The alleles of the molecular marker and their frequencies were detected. Molecular diagnosis of suspected individuals was performed (AU)

Caracterización clínica de pacientes chilenos con displasia fibrosa/síndrome de McCune-Albright / Clinical features of Chilean patients with Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome

BACKGROUND: Fibrous Dysplasia/McCune-Albright Syndrome (FD/MAS) is characterized by a spectrum of manifestations that may include fibrous dysplasia of bone and multiple endocrinopathies. AIM: To describe the clinical spectrum, the study and follow-up of patients with FD/MAS cared at our institution. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of medical records of 12 pediatric and adult patients (11 women) who met the clinical and genetic diagnostic criteria for FD/ MAS. RESULTS: The patients' mean age at diagnosis was 4.9 ± 5.5 years. The most common initial clinical manifestation was peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) in 67% of patients and 75% had café-au-lait spots. Fibrous dysplasia was present in 75% of patients and the mean age at diagnosis was 7.9 ± 4.7 years. Ten patients had a bone scintigraphy, with an age at the first examination that varied between 2 and 38 years of age. The most frequent location of dysplasia was craniofacial and appendicular. No patient had a recorded history of cholestasis, hepatitis, or pancreatitis. In four patients, a genetic study was performed that was positive for the pathogenic variant of guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating (GNAS). CONCLUSIONS: These patients demonstrate the variable nature of the clinical presentation and study of FD/MAS. It is essential to increase the index of diagnostic suspicion and adherence to international recommendations.

McCune-Albright syndrome - A case report with transmission electron microscopy

Abstract McCune - Albright syndrome is a genetic disease with cutaneous mosaicism caused by post-zygotic activating mutations in GNAS locus, it has a triad of fibrous bone dysplasia, café-au-lait macules and precocious puberty. We examined a 22-year-old female patient with café au lait spot in right side of the abdomen, with a chessboard - like distribution, extending to right thigh with geographical contours, she has also an ovarian cyst, scoliosis and truncal obesity. Biopsies were taken from the hyperpigmented area and processed for light microscopy and for transmission electron microscopy. Light microscopy showed increased melanin pigment with HE staining. Immunohistochemistry with melanocytic markers (HMB-45 and Melan-A) revealed a normal number of melanocytes. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated normal epidermal structures, such as desmosomes, cytokeratin filaments and hemidesmosomes. With high magnifications an irregular melanossomal contour was seen, with some indentations in their outline.

Neurofibromatosis tipo 1. Más allá de las manchas café con leche: ¿es necesario actualizar criterios? / Neurofibromatosis type 1. Beyond to café-au-lait spots: necessary update criteria?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings that meets the criteria developed by the NIH in 1997, which remain highly sensitive and specific in adults, but not in children, in which the manifestations vary with age. In children under 2 years in the pretumoral stage with a negative family history, it would be useful to have additional clinical diagnostic criteria. Genetic testing is not widely available and although café-au-lait spots remain the cardinal and most frequent clinical sign, they cannot make the diagnosis of NF-1 on their own. (AU)

Dermoscopy of the iris: identification of Lisch nodules and contribution to the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1

Abstract Neurofibromatosis is a common genodermatosis, whose diagnosis often involves the participation of a dermatologist. A case of a 38-year-old female patient with four café-au-lait macules and eleven neurofibromas on clinical examination is presented. Dermoscopy allowed the identification of Lisch nodules in the iris, bilaterally. The combination of these findings allowed the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1, according to NIH criteria. Lisch nodules are melanocytic hamartomas of the iris, which must be evaluated through a visual augmentation method, usually employed in ophthalmology. Alternatively, dermoscopy can be used and contribute to the early diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 1.

Síndrome de McCune-Albright, una forma poco frecuente de pubertad precoz: diagnóstico, tratamiento y evolución / McCune-Albright syndrome, a rare form of precocious puberty: Diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up

Introducción. El síndrome de McCune-Albright (SMA) es un trastorno genético caracterizado por displasia ósea fibrosa, manchas cutáneas color "café con leche" e hiperfunción autónoma de uno o varios órganos endocrinos. El SMA es producido por mutaciones activadoras del gen GNAS1. La endocrinopatía más frecuente es la gonadal, que se manifiesta como pubertad precoz periférica. Objetivo. Describir las características clínicas y los estudios de laboratorio e imágenes en el momento del diagnóstico y a lo largo de la evolución de la enfermedad, con énfasis en la tríada clásica del síndrome. Población y métodos. Estudio clínico observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo de las historias clínicas de pacientes con SMA de la División de Endocrinología del Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez desde 1974 hasta 2019. Resultados. Se presentan 12 niñas. Todas tuvieron pubertad precoz periférica (PPP) secundaria a quistes ováricos funcionantes. La edad de presentación fue temprana (2,6 ± 1,3 años). Los niveles de gonadotrofinas estuvieron suprimidos o en rango prepuberal con niveles de estradiol generalmente elevados. Diez niñas tuvieron manchas "café con leche" desde el nacimiento. Durante la evolución se detectó displasia fibrosa poliostótica en todas las pacientes. Los tratamientos utilizados para disminuir la recurrencia de los quistes ováricos y los efectos del hiperestrogenismo mostraron diferente eficacia. Conclusiones. En esta serie, la aparición de PPP contribuyó al diagnóstico temprano del SMA y fue de difícil tratamiento. En la evolución persistió la hiperfunción gonadal y empeoraron las lesiones óseas.

Introduction. McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a genetic disorder defined by fibrous dysplasia of bone, café-au-lait skin spots, and autonomous hyperfunction of one or more endocrine organs. MAS is caused by activating mutations of the GNAS1 gene. The most frequent type of endocrinopathy is gonadal endocrinopathy in the form of peripheral precocious puberty. Objective. To describe the clinical characteristics, laboratory and imaging tests at the time of diagnosis and over the course of the disease, focusing on the classical triad of MAS. Population and methods. Observational, descriptive, retrospective clinical study of patients with MAS seen at the Department of Endocrinology of Hospital de Niños Ricardo Gutiérrez between 1974 and 2019. Results. Twelve girls are described, all of whom developed peripheral precocious puberty (PPP) secondary to functional ovarian cysts. Their age at presentation was early (2.6 ± 1.3 years). Gonadotropin levels were suppressed or in the prepubertal range with generally high estradiol levels. Ten girls had café-au-lait skin spots since birth. During the course of disease, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia was detected in all patients. The treatments used to reduce ovarian cyst recurrence and hyperestrogenism effects showed varied effectiveness. Conclusions. In this series, the onset of PPP helped to make an early diagnosis of MAS and was difficult to treat. The course of disease showed persistent gonadal hyperfunction and worsening of bone injuries

Piebaldism Associated with Café-au-lait Macules and Intertriginous Freckling: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

We present 9-year-old fraternal twins from a family with piebaldism, having congenital depigmented macules and meeting the diagnostic criteria for neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) due to the multiple café-au-lait macules (CALMs) and intertriginous freckling at the same time. It's still a debatable issue that CALMs and intertriginous freckling may be seen in the clinical spectrum of piebaldism or these patients should be regarded as coexistence of piebaldism and NF1. However, based on recent literature and our patients' findings, we suggest that this rare phenotypic variant of piebaldism may not need the careful clinical follow-up and molecular testing for NF1. Besides, it may be suitable that these individuals with piebaldism showing NF1-like clinical phenotypes should be further tested for KIT and SPRED1 gene mutations.

Hallazgos clínicos y epidemiológicos en la neurofibromatosis tipo 1 y el complejo esclerosis tuberosa en una serie de pacientes pediátricos / Clinical and epidemiological findings in neurofibromatosis type 1 and tuberous sclerosis complex in a series of pediatric patients

Resumen: Introducción: La neurofibromatosis tipo 1 (NF1) es una entidad genética con una incidencia de 1 entre 2,500 a 3,500 nacimientos. Por su parte, el complejo esclerosis tuberosa (CET) presenta una incidencia de 1 entre 6,000 a 10,000 nacimientos. Ambas entidades neurocutáneas cursan con un patrón de herencia autosómico dominante, expresividad variable y la morbimortalidad se encuentra asociada a complicaciones multisistémicas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue exponer las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de una serie de pacientes pediátricos con diagnóstico de NF1 y CET atendidos en la Unidad de Genética Médica de la Universidad de Los Andes. Métodos: Este trabajo corresponde a una serie de casos de pacientes menores de 16 años atendidos en un período de 11 años, que cumplan con los criterios diagnósticos de NF1 y CET según los consensos para cada entidad. Resultados: Se estudiaron 89 pacientes, 73 con NF1 y 16 con CET. Presentaron dos criterios para NF1, 58 (79.45%) pacientes, y las máculas café con leche fueron las más frecuentes y presentes en todos los casos; 10 pacientes (62.50 %) presentaron dos criterios mayores para el CET, y las máculas hipocrómicas estuvieron igualmente presentes en todos los casos. Conclusiones: Este estudio muestra la forma de presentación clínica de las dos entidades neurocutáneas más frecuentes. Se discuten los criterios diagnósticos con el objeto de identificarlos a edades más tempranas y poder brindar una evaluación médica interdisciplinaria, tratamiento y un oportuno asesoramiento genético familiar.

Abstract: Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a genetic entity with an incidence of 1 in 2,500 to 3,500 births. Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) has an incidence between 1 in 6,000 to 10,000 births. Both neurocutaneous entities present an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, variable expressivity and their morbidity and mortality is associated with multisystemic complications. The aim of this study was to present the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of a series of pediatric patients diagnosed with NF1 and TSC, who were treated in the Medical Genetics Unit of the Universidad of Los Andes. Methods: This work corresponds to a series of cases of patients under 16 years of age served in a period of 11 years, who met the diagnostic criteria of NF1 and CET according to the consensus for each entity. Results: We studied 89 patients, 73 with NF1 and 16 with TSC. 58 (79.45%) of the patients presented two criteria for NF1, with café-au-lait macules being the most frequent and present in all cases. 10 (62.50%) of the patients presented two major criteria for TSC; hypochromic macules were equally present in all cases. Conclusions: This study shows the clinical presentation of the two most frequent neurocutaneous entities. Diagnostic criteria are discussed in order to perform them at younger ages and to provide an interdisciplinary medical evaluation, treatment and timely family genetic counseling.

A case of growth hormone deficiency combined with neurofibromatosis Type 1 and its gene analysis / 中南大学学报(医学版)

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder caused by NF1 gene mutations. Café au lait spots, neurofibromatosis, Lisch nodules, axillary freckling, dermal neurofibromas and skeletal dysplasia are the most common manifestations for this disease. A 11-year-old boy visited Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University due to growth-retardation. He was eventually diagnosed as NF1 with growth hormone deficiency. A novel heterozygous splicing mutation c.6579+2 T>C (IVS 34+2 T>C) of NF1 gene was identified in the patient and his mother. Considering NF1 may present with short stature due to growth hormone deficiency, all children with short stature combined with café au lait spots should be screened for NF1, which may assist the clinical diagnosis and the genetic counseling.

Moyamoya syndrome associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 in a pediatric patient

Abstract: Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a multisystem genetic disease of autosomal dominant transmission that reveals important cutaneous manifestations such as café-au-lait spots, multiple neurofibromas, and ephelides in skin fold areas, as well as hamartomatous lesions in the eyes, bones, glands, and central nervous system. Moyamoya disease is a rare progressive vaso-occlusive disorder that occurs with important ischemic cerebrovascular events. Despite the rarity of this association in childhood, children diagnosed with neurofibromatosis type 1 and focal neurologic symptoms should be investigated for moyamoya syndrome. The present study reports the case of a pediatric patient with a rapidly progressive cerebrovascular accident and a late diagnosis of Neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with moyamoya disease.

Neurofibroma plexiforme gigante: tratamento cirúrgico / Neurofibroma plexiforme Giant: surgical treatment

Contexto: Neurofibromatose (NF) é desordem neuroectodérmica; apresenta manifestações na pele, sistema nervoso, olhos e ossos. A variante tipo 1 (NF-1) é a mais frequente na população, tendo como critério diagnóstico a presença de pelo menos dois dos seguintes achados: seis ou mais manchas "café com leite" maiores que 0,5 cm em pré-púberes ou maiores que 1,5 cm após a puberdade; efélides axilares ou inguinais; dois ou mais neurofibromas ou um neurofibroma plexiforme; dois ou mais nódulos de Lisch; glioma óptico; displasia óssea e um parente de primeiro grau com NF-1. Descrição do caso: Paciente com 24 anos de idade, sexo masculino, apresentava efélides axilares; múltiplas máculas "café com leite" maiores que 1,5 cm distribuídas no tronco, dorso e membros inferiores; tumoração amolecida na região lombo-sacra à esquerda, compatível com neurofibroma plexiforme. Hipótese diagnóstica: neurofibromatose tipo 1 (NF-1). Realizada excisão do neurofibroma, o exame histopatológico não evidenciou transformação maligna. Discussão: NF-1 tem elevada prevalência na população (um caso em cada 3.000 habitantes). Neurofibromas plexiformes (NP) são neurofibromas que se estendem ao longo do trajeto de um nervo. Podem sofrer degeneração maligna a tumores da bainha do nervo periférico, sendo esta a principal causa de morte. Conclusão: A NF, especialmente a tipo 1, apresenta a possibilidade de acometimento multissistêmico, sendo fundamental o seguimento do paciente por equipe multiprofissional. Apresentamos um caso com tratamento por meio de excisão cirúrgica, a qual trouxe grande alívio ao paciente devido às dimensões e localização do neurofibroma plexiforme.

[ neurofibromatosis type 1 family report with multiple cases in 3 consecutive Generations]

Neurofibromatosis type1 [NF1] with the incidence of 1 in 3500 births, is the most common disorder which affects skin and peripheral nervous system. NF1 results from mutations in NF1 gene. The NF1 gene spans 350kbp and to date, nearly 2434 mutations in it were reported. The gene with 100 percent penetrance is located on chromosome 17 encoding neurofibromin protein. Recently, many challenges of its genetic analysis have been overcome through the application of new sequencing techniques. In present study patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 have been characterized from clinical symptoms such as presence of cafe au lait spot, plexiform neurofibroma, optic nerves involvement, presence of several patients in first degree relatives. These patients were in different ages including 73, 63, 44, 20 with different symptoms and severities of disease. In this communication, a NF1 family with 4 cases in 3 generations has been presented

Peripheral retinal ischemia in a young Indian woman with neurofibromatosis type 1

Neurofibromatosis type 1 [NF-1] is an autosomal dominantly inherited disease characterized by cafe-au-lait spots, neurofibromas, axillary freckling, Lisch nodules of iris, gliomas and various systemic vascular ischemic manifestations mainly in the aorta, brain and kidney. Retinal vascular manifestations in patients with NF-1 are usually representative of retinal capillary hemangiomatosis. Few cases of NF-1 with retinal vascular occlusive disease have been described. We describe a young Indian woman with NF-1 with unilateral peripheral retinal ischemia but no vascular abnormality at the posterior pole

Isodicentric Chromosome 15 Syndrome in a Korean Patient With Cafe-au-lait Spots

No abstract available.

Síndrome de McCune-Albright. Reporte de un caso / McCune-Albright syndrome: a Case Report

El Síndrome de McCune-Albright (SMA) es una rara entidad que se caracteriza por displasia fibrosa ósea poliostótica, lesiones cutáneas hiperpigmentadas y endocrinopatías, la más frecuente es la pubertad precoz y sobre todo en niñas. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de sexo femenino de 5 años de edad, que se interna por fractura patológica del fémur derecho, constatándose lesiones líticas en fémur contralateral, pelvis, tórax y calota; manchas café con leche en regiones del tórax anterior, perineal y dorsolumbar; Tanner 2 mamario y púbico, con antecedente de sangrado vaginal en 2 oportunidades 1 mes antes; y con Rx de muñeca izquierda compatible con edad ósea de 9 años; además de microadenoma hipofisiario. El SMA resulta de mutaciones esporádicas somáticas postcigóticas en el gen que codifica la subunidad α de la proteína Gs (GNAS1). Esta proteína actúa en la transducción de señales mediante la unión a la adenil-ciclasa productora de adenosín monofosfato cíclico (AMPc). Es importante conocer esta asociación de signos a fin de obtener un diagnóstico precoz y manejo adecuado .

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS)isa rare disease characterized by poly ostotic fibrous dysplasia of bone, hyperpigmented skin lesions, and endocrinopathies, most commonly precocious puberty, and especially in girls. We presented the case of a female patient aged 5years hospitalized for pathological fracture of the right femur with findings of lytic lesions of the contralateral femur pelvis, thorax, and calvarium, and café-au-lait spots of the anterior, perineal, and dorsolumbar thorax; Tanner stage 2 breasts and pubes, a history of vaginal bleeding on two occasionsone monthearlier, left-wrist X-ray compatible with abone age of 9years and pituitary microadenoma. MAS is caused by sporadic postzygotic somatic mutations of the gene that codifies the alpha subunit of the G(s) protein (GNAS1). This protein acts in the transduction of signals by binding with cyclic-adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) producing adenylate cyclase. It is important to beaware of this group of associated signs in order to achiev e early diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Neurossarcoma plexiforme secundário à neurofibromatose tipo 1:relato de caso / Plexiform neurosarcoma secondary to Neurofibromatosis type 1: case report

A neurofibromatose tipo 1 é um transtorno neurocutâneo congênito caracterizado pela proliferação de tumores benignos da bainha dos nervos periféricos acompanhada de expressão inconstante a nível cutâneo, ósseo e nervoso. A evolução da doença é variável e dependente de possíveis complicações, sendo o prognóstico, em sua ausência, favorável. Os neurofibromas plexiformes são relativamente frequentes, constituindo complicação potencialmente grave, dependendo de sua localização e invasão de estruturas vizinhas. A transformação maligna desses tumores é rara, afetando 3 a 5% dos pacientes. O objetivo do estudo foi apresentar caso grave de neurofibromatose 1 com resultado fatal para o paciente, chamando a atenção para o diagnóstico das possíveis complicações. Paciente do gênero masculino, 20 anos, internado por massa cervical de etiologia a esclarecer. Com antecedentes de displasia tibial e duas exéreses de massas cutâneas não especificadas. Ao exame objetivo, apresentava múltiplas manchas café com leite, efélides axilares e inguinais, e nódulos na íris bilateralmente. Estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico de neurofibromatose1 em paciente sem história familiar, mediante dois resultados histopatológicos compatíveis. O estudo da massa revelou neurofibroma plexiforme cervicotorácico com malignização neurossarcomatosa, invadindo a veia jugular interna direita, artéria subclávia e plexo braquial, condicionando complicações hemorrágicas, posteriormente fatais. Apesar dos neurofibromas serem tumores benignos, estima-se que a esperança de vida dos pacientes com neurofibromatose 1 seja 15 anos menor do que a da população geral. A existência de complicações potencialmente fatais tornam indispensáveis a monitorização constante e o seguimento evolutivo das manifestações dessa doença

Neurofibromatosis type 1 is a congenital neurocutaneous disorder characterized by proliferation of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors together with inconstant, cutaneous, osseous and neurological expression. Disease progression is variable and depends on eventual complications, with prognosis being favorable when they are absent. Plexiform neurofibroma is a relatively frequent and potentially severe complication, depending on its localization and surrounding structures. Malignant transformation is rare, affecting 3 to 5% of patients. The objective of this study was to present a severe case of neurofibromatosis 1, with fatal result for the patient, addressing the diagnosis of possible complications. Male patient, 20 years old, admitted due to cervical bulk of unknown origin, with a history of tibial dysplasia and two excisions of other unspecified cutaneous bulks. The physical examination showed multiple cafe-au-lait spots, axillary and inguinal ephelides, and bilateral iris Lisch nodules. Diagnosis of neurofibromatosis 1 was established in a patient without a family history, according to two compatible histopatological results. The investigation of the bulk demonstrated a plexiform cervical-thoracic neurofibroma with invasion of right internal jugular vein, subclavian artery and brachial plexus, with neurosarcomatous malignization, causing fatal hemorrhagic complications. In spite of neurofibromas being benign tumors, individuals with neurofibromatosis 1are predicted to have a lifespan of approximately 15 years less than the general population. Existence of potentially fatal complications makes close surveillance and follow-up of clinical manifestations crucial.

The Incidence of Birthmarks in Korean Newborn Infants

PURPOSE: Birthmarks are commonly observed during neonatal period and its prevalence varies between races and countries. Most skin lesions are transient and not require medical treatment. But some birthmarks have potential medical significance and may be the first sign of systemic medical problems. We carried out a prospective study to determine the prevalence of birthmarks in Korean newborn infants. METHODS: From October 2012 to January 2013, 1,964 Korean newborn infants who were born in Cheil General Hospital, Kwandong University College of Medicine were evaluated for the presence of birthmarks within 48 hours after birth. RESULTS: Among 1,964 newborn infants, 980 (49.9%) infants were male and 984 (50.1%) were female. The most common pigmentary birthmark was Mongolian spot (97.1%), which was mostly presented on sacrogluteal area, and was followed by nevocellular nevi (0.8%), cafe-au-lait spot (0.8%), and sebaceous nevi (0.2%). Among vascular birthmarks, the most common lesion was salmon patch (30.8%), and followed by port-wine stain (0.2%) and hemangioma (0.2%). The common other lesions were sebaceous hyperplasia (37.4%), erythema toxicum neonatorum (10.2%), milia (4.1%), skin appendage (2.6%), anal dimple (1.2%), auricular pit (0.9%), miliaria (0.5%), aplasia cutis congenita (0.2%) in the order of frequency. CONCLUSION: We studied the prevalence of the birthmarks in Korean newborn infants. The most common pigmentary birth mark was mongolian spot, and the most common vascular birthmark was salmon patch in Korean newborn infants.