Spectrophotometric evaluation of coronal discoloration induced by bioceramic root canal filling materials / Evaluación espectrofotométrica de la decoloración coronal inducida por materiales biocerámicos de obturación del conducto radicular

The aim of this study is to evaluate the crown discoloration induced by bioceramic root canal filling materials (OrthoMTA and iRoot SP) compared to AH Plus. Material and Methods: Sixty intact mandibular single rooted premolars were sectioned 2 mm below the cemento-enamel junction, prepared, and randomly assigned into four groups according to the root filling materials: OrthoMTA, iRoot SP, AH Plus and unfilled. Results: Before placement of the materials in the pulp chamber and the coronal third of the root, the spectral reflectance lines of the crowns were recorded by a digital spectrophotometer at baseline, and after filling at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months and ∆Ε values were calculated. All materials used induced clinically perceptible crown discoloration (∆Ε>3.7) and no significant difference was detected between these materials (p>0.05). Regardless of the material, discoloration progressed significantly within the three months (p<0.05) however, at 6 months, the discoloration reduced for AH Plus and no further increase for bioceramic materials was detected. Conclusion: Bioceramic root filling materials tested induced clinically perceptible crown discoloration and their application in the esthetic zone should be performed with caution.

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar la decoloración de la corona inducida por materiales biocerámicos de obturación del conducto radicular (OrthoMTA e iRoot SP) en comparación con AH Plus. Material y Métodos: Se seccionaron sesenta premolares mandibulares de raíz única intactos, 2 mm por debajo de la unión cemento-esmalte, se prepararon y se asignaron al azar en cuatro grupos de acuerdo con los materiales de obturación radicular: OrthoMTA, iRoot SP, AH Plus y sin relleno. Resultados:Antes de la colocación de los materiales en la cámara pulpar y el tercio coronal de la raíz, las líneas de reflectancia espectral de las coronas se registraron con un espectrofotómetro digital al inicio del estudio, y a la semana 1, así como a 1, 3 y 6 meses, y los valores ?? fueron calculados. Todos los materiales utilizados indujeron una decoloración de la corona clínicamente perceptible (??> 3,7) y no se detectaron diferencias significativas entre estos materiales (p> 0,05). Independientemente del material, la decoloración progresó significativamente dentro de los tres meses (p<0.05); sin embargo, a los 6 meses, la decoloración se redujo para AH Plus y no se detectó ningún aumento adicional para los materiales biocerámicos. Conclusiones: Los materiales biocerámicos de obturación radicular probados indujeron una decoloración de la corona clínicamente perceptible y su aplicación en la zona estética debe realizarse con precaución.

Cytotoxicity and cytokine production by calcium silicate-based materials on periodontal ligament stem cells

Abstract This study investigated the effect of three commercial calcium silicate-based materials (CSBM) on cytotoxicity and pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in cultured human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Culture of hPDLSCs was established and characterized. Extracts of Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil) and PBS Cimmo HP (Cimmo Soluções em Saúde, Pouso Alegre, MG, Brazil) were prepared by placing cement specimens (5 x 3 mm) in culture medium. Then, the extracts were serially two-fold diluted (1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16) and inserted into the cell-seeded wells for 24, 48 and 72 h for MTT assays. TNF-α and IL-10 cytokines were quantified by ELISA at 24h-cell supernatants. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). All CSBM exhibited some cytotoxicity that varied according to extract concentration and time of evaluation. MTA Fillapex presented the highest cytotoxic effects with significant reduction of metabolic activity/cell viability when compared to Bio-C Sealer and Cimmo HP®. TNF-α was significantly upregulated by the three tested cements (p < 0.05) while only MTA Fillapex significantly upregulated IL-10 in comparison to control. Taken collectively, the results showed that PBS Cimmo HP®, Bio-C Sealer and MTA Fillapex present mild and transient cytotoxicity and slightly induced TNF-α production. MTA Fillapex upregulated IL-10 release by hPDLSCs.

Resumo Este estudo investigou o efeito de três materiais comerciais à base de silicato de cálcio (CSBM) na citotoxicidade e na produção de citocinas pró e antiinflamatórias em células-tronco do ligamento periodontal humano (hPDLSCs). Cultura de hPDLSCs foi estabelecida e caracterizada. Extratos de Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brasil), MTA Fillapex (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brasil) e PBS Cimmo HP® (Cimmo Soluções em Saúde, Pouso Alegre, MG, Brasil) foram preparados com a colocação de espécimes dos cimentos (5 x 3 mm) em meio de cultura. Em seguida, os extratos foram diluídos (1, 1: 2, 1: 4, 1: 8, 1:16) e inseridos nos poços semeados de células para ensaio de citotoxicidade por meio de MTT por 24, 48 e 72 h. As citocinas TNF-α e IL-10 foram quantificadas por ELISA em sobrenadantes de células de 24 h. Os dados foram analisados por ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α = 0,05). Todos os CSBM exibiram alguma citotoxicidade que variou de acordo com a concentração do extrato e o tempo de avaliação. O MTA Fillapex apresentou os maiores efeitos citotóxicos com redução significativa da atividade metabólica / viabilidade celular quando comparado ao Bio-C Sealer e Cimmo HP®. O TNF-α foi regulado positivamente pelos três cimentos testados (p <0,05), enquanto apenas o MTA Fillapex regulou positivamente a liberação de IL-10 em comparação com o controle. Tomados em conjunto, os resultados mostraram que PBS Cimmo HP®, Bio-C Sealer e MTA Fillapex apresentam citotoxicidade leve e transitória e induziram a produção de TNF-α. O MTA Fillapex regulou positivamente a liberação de IL-10 por hPDLSCs.

Alternative to avoid tooth discoloration after regenerative endodontic procedure: a systematic review

Abstract This systematic review aimed to evaluate whether alternative materials to conventional triple antibiotic paste (TAP - metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, and minocycline) and grey mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) could avoid tooth discoloration in teeth submitted to Regenerative Endodontic Procedure (REP). It was also investigated if dental bleaching is able to reverse the color of darkened teeth due to REP. The search was conducted in four databases (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science and BVS - Virtual health library), following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The retrieved papers were uploaded in the software EndNoteTM and two reviewers independently selected the studies and extracted the data. Only studies in humans (case reports, case series, clinical trials) were included in the review. From 1,122 potentially eligible studies, 83 were selected for full-text analysis, and 38 were included in the review. The included studies were mainly case reports (76.3 %). The studies described a total of 189 teeth submitted to REP. From these, about 54% of teeth presented some degree of discoloration. Most teeth presenting color alteration were treated with TAP, especially when combined with GMTA. Only three studies performed dental bleaching to restore the color of teeth and neither bleaching technique was able to restore the original color of the crowns. The use of alternative materials to TAP and GMTA, such as double antibiotic paste or Ca(OH)2 pastes and white mineral trioxide aggregate or BiodentineTM, reduces the occurrence of tooth discoloration.

Resumo Esta revisão sistemática teve como objetivo avaliar se materiais alternativos à pasta tri-antibiótica convencional (TAP, em Inglês - metronidazol, ciprofloxacina e minociclina) e ao agregado trióxido mineral cinza (MTA cinza) poderiam evitar a descoloração dentária em dentes submetidos ao procedimento endodôntico regenerativo (REP, em Inglês). Também foi investigado se o clareamento dental é capaz de reverter a cor dos dentes escurecidos devido ao REP. A busca foi realizada em quatro bases de dados (Medline via PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science e BVS - Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde), seguindo os Principais Itens para Relatar Revisões Sistemáticas e Meta-análises. Os artigos obtidos foram carregados no software EndNoteTMe dois revisores independentes selecionaram os estudos e extraíram os dados. Apenas estudos em humanos (relatos de casos, séries de casos, ensaios clínicos) foram incluídos na revisão. De 1.122 estudos potencialmente elegíveis, 83 foram selecionados para análise do artigo completo, e 38 foram incluídos na revisão. Os estudos incluídos foram principalmente relatos de casos (76,3%). Os estudos descreveram um total de 189 dentes submetidos ao REP. Destes, cerca de 54% dos dentes apresentaram algum grau de descoloração. A maioria dos dentes com alteração de cor foi tratada com TAP, principalmente quando combinada com MTA-cinza. Apenas três estudos realizaram o clareamento dental para restaurar a cor dos dentes e nem a técnica de clareamento conseguiu restaurar a cor original das coroas. O uso de materiais alternativos à TAP e ao MTA cinza, como a pasta bi-antibiótica, pasta de Ca(OH)2e MTA branco ou BiodentineTM, reduz a ocorrência de descoloração dentária.

Reacción del tejido óseo de la rata a un material de obturación de conductos radiculares de tercera generación: un ensayo piloto / Reaction of the rat osseous tissue to a third-generation root canal filling material: a pilot assay

Objetivos: analizar la respuesta del tejido óseo de la rata a la implantación de Licon-D (LND). Material y métodos: se implantaron en tibias de 18 ratas, tubos de silicona obturados con LND o pasta lentamente reabsorbible (PLR) utilizada como control positivo. La pared lateral de los tubos (SCN) fue utilizada como control negativo. A los 7, 30 y 90 días post implantación, los implantes y tejidos circundantes fueron fijados en formol al 10 por ciento y procesados para su estudio histológico. Resultados: 7 días: se observó una reacción inflamatoria severa de los tejidos en contacto con LND y PLR, mientras que en contacto con SCN se observó un tejido conectivo sano, con excepción de dos casos. 30 días: la reacción inflamatoria en contacto con LDN se redujo, observándose un proceso de reparación en progreso con trabéculas óseas incipientes. 90 días: en contacto con LDN se observó una cápsula fibrosa y reparación ósea. Para PLR se observó a los 30 días un tejido fibroso que rodeaba un foco de tejido granulomatoso, mientras que los SCN se encontraban rodeados por una cápsula constituida por tejido fibroso sano. 90 días: en contacto con PLR, se observó una cápsula fibrosa y trabéculas óseas incipientes. En contacto con SCN, los tejidos circudantes se encontraban normales en todos los casos. Conclusiones: a pesar que LND y PLR produjeron una reacción inflamatoria inicial severa, luego de 90 días, ambos materiales fueron bien tolerados por el tejido óseo de la rata. Se observó una reparación completa en contacto con LND y un proceso de reparación en progreso en contacto con PLR.

Periapical tissue reaction to calcium phosphate root canal sealer in porcine model.

Background: Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) are a group of biomaterials possessing wide scope of use in various branches of medical science. These materials have been proposed to be highly biocompatible and osteoconductive. This study is based on a newly developed CPC formulation (Chitra-CPC) and is aimed at the evaluation of its biocompatibility through an Endodontic Usage Test in a porcine study model. Objective: To evaluate the periapical tissue reaction to Chitra-CPC when used as a root canal sealer/filler material in comparison with a resin sealer, AH Plus (Dentsply). Materials and Methods: The procedure was done on porcine animal model following the ISO 7405 criteria. The material was implanted intentionally into the periapical area of 36 teeth through a root canal procedure carried out in six animals which were divided equally among 1-month and 3-month time periods. Results were based on the histological evaluation of the autopsied specimens after the prescribed time periods. Results: Mild to moderate periapical tissue reaction was found in Chitra-CPC samples belonging to the 1-month time period, whereas majority of the 3-month CPC samples showed an absence of inflammation. Samples of AH Plus in 1-month period showed severe to moderate inflammation, whereas 3-month AH Plus samples had a mild to moderate inflammation. Conclusions: Chitra-CPC is a biocompatible material.

Spectrophotometric analysis of crown discoloration induced by MTA- and ZnOE-based sealers

Crown discoloration can be induced by root canal sealer remnants following root canal treatment. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate chromatic alterations in human tooth crowns induced by a Mineral Trioxide Aggregate-based sealer (MTA Fillapex®) and a commonly used ZnOE-based sealer (Roth-811). The tested null hypothesis was that the application of the materials did not induce clinically perceptible crown discoloration (Ho: CIE color difference ΔE<3.7). Material and Methods: Forty five fully developed, intact, mandibular third molars were sectioned 1 mm below the cemento-enamel junction. The pulp chambers were chemomechanically debrided via the cervical access. The specimens were randomly assigned into three groups Group 1: MTA Fillapex, Group 2: Roth 811, Group 3: Negative control (unfilled) and immersed in individually marked vials containing distilled water up to the cervix (37±1°C). The spectral reflectance lines were recorded by utilizing a UV-VIS spectrophotometer equipped with integration sphere in the visual spectrum at baseline, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after material placement. Data were transformed into values of the CIE L*a*b* color system and the corresponding ΔE values were calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way mixed ANOVA models, at p=0.05 level of significance. Results: A statistically significant increase in a* and b* chromatic parameters of the MTA Fillapex Group was measured. However, ΔE values did not exceed the human eye perceptibility threshold (set at ΔE<3.7) during the experimental period (ΔEt3=2.88). In Roth-811 Group, a statistically significant decrease in L* and a statistically significant increase in a* and b* chromatic parameters was measured, during all observation periods. Resultant ΔE values exceeded the human eye perceptibility threshold after 1 week (ΔEt1=5.65). Conclusions: Application of MTA Fillapex in tooth crowns resulted in minimal color alterations, while Roth 811 induced severe discoloration, in vitro. It could be suggested that, in terms of aesthetics, the use of MTA Fillapex appears to be favorable.

Respuesta del tejido periapical de la rata a la sobreobturaci¨®n intencional de conos de resilon y conos de gutapercha recubiertos con resina / Periapical tissue response to intentional overextension of resilon and resin-coated gutta-percha cones: a preliminary study in rats

Objetivos. La sobreobturaci¨®n accidental o inadvertida con conos de gutapercha ocurre con cierta frecuencia en endodoncia cl¨ªnica. El prop¨®sito deeste estudio fue analizar la respuesta de los tejidos periapicales de la rata a sobreobturaciones intencionalesde conos de Resilon o conos de gutapercha recubiertos con resina. Material y m¨¦todos. Se obtuvo el acceso al conducto distal de los primeros molares inferiores (izquierdoy derecho) de 16 ratas macho Wistar con un peso de ¡À 250 g. Los conductos fueron preparados y sobreobturados con los materiales problema hasta una medida estandarizada de ¡À1 mm m¨¢s all¨¢ del ¨¢pice mediante el empleo de un localizador apical electr¨®nico. Las mand¨ªbulas fueron disecadas, fijadas en formol-buffer al 10 por ciento y descalcificadas. Los molares y los tejidos circundantes se prepararonpara su estudio histol¨®gico de rutina y se obtuvieron cortes seriados de aproximadamente 7 ¦Ìm de espesor de la ra¨ªz distal, los que fueron coloreadoscon hematoxilina y eosina. Los datos se categorizaron de acuerdo con par¨¢metros previamente establecidos y se analizaron mediante los tests deFisher, Kruskal-Wallis y el de comparaci¨®n m¨²ltiple de Dunn.Resultados. Luego de 30 d¨ªas la reacci¨®n a los materiales problema demostraron una respuesta inflamatoria moderada a severa. Estas reacciones disminuyeron significativamente (p<0.05) a los 90d¨ªas. En este lapso se observ¨® una reparaci¨®n progresiva de los tejidos periapicales circundada por un activo desarrollo de nuevas trab¨¦culas ¨®seas deapariencia normal. Conclusiones. Al finalizar la experiencia la reacci¨®n fue similar para ambos materiales, los que fueron bien tolerados por los tejidos periapicales, sin interferir con el proceso reparativo.

Tissue reaction to Endométhasone sealer in root canal fillings short of or beyond the apical foramen

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the response of periapical tissues to the endodontic sealer Endométhasone in root canal fillings short of or beyond the apical foramen. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty root canals of premolars and incisors of 2 mongrel dogs were used. After coronal access and pulp extirpation, the canals were instrumented up to a size 55 K-file and the apical cemental barrier was penetrated with a size 15 K-file to obtain a main apical foramen, which was widened to a size 25 K-file. The canals were irrigated with saline at each change of file. The root canals were obturated either short of or beyond the apical foramen by the lateral condensation of gutta-percha and Endométhasone, originating 2 experimental groups: G1: Endométhasone/short of the apical foramen; G2: Endométhasone/beyond the apical foramen. The animals were killed by anesthetic overdose 90 days after endodontic treatment. The individual roots were obtained and serial histological sections were prepared for histomorphological analysis (H&E and Brown & Brenn techniques) under light microscopy. The following parameters were examined: closure of the apical foramen of the main root canal and apical opening of accessory canals, apical cementum resorption, intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate, presence of giant cells and thickness and organization of the apical periodontal ligament. Each parameter was scored 1 to 4, 1 being the best result and 4 the worst. Data were analyzed statistically by the Wilcoxon nonparametric tests (p=0.05). RESULTS: Comparing the 2 groups, the best result (p<0.05) was obtained with root canal filling with Endométhasone short of the apical foramen but a chronic inflammatory infiltrate was present in all specimens. CONCLUSIONS: Limiting the filling material to the root canal space apically is important to determine the best treatment outcome when Endométhasone is used as sealer.

Biocompatibility of RealSeal, its primer and AH Plus implanted in subcutaneous connective tissue of rats

OBJECTIVE: This study tested rat connective tissue response to RealSeal, RealSeal primer or AH Plus after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of implantation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats had subcutaneous sockets created on their back and received four implants each of polyethylene tubes containing one of the materials tested according to the groups: AH (AH Plus Sealer); RS (RealSeal Sealer); RP (RealSeal Primer); CG (control group - empty tube). After histological processing, sections were analyzed to identify the presence of neutrophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells, eosinophils, macrophages and giant cells, as well as fibrous capsule and abscesses, by an examiner using light microscope. Kruskal-Wallis and multiple-comparisons test were used for statistical analysis. Significance level was set at 5 percent. RESULTS: Lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate scores significantly higher than those of the control group were observed at 14 and 60 days in AH group, and at 90 days in RS group (p<0.05). There were no differences in terms of presence of macrophages, giant cells, eosinophils, neutrophils or fibrosis. AH Plus group scored higher for abscesses at 7 days than after any other period (p=0.031). RP group scored higher for lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate at 14 days than at 90 days (p=0.04). CONCLUSION: The main contribution of this study was to demonstrate that issues involved with tissue tolerance of a Resilon-containing sealer, RealSeal Sealer, cannot be attributed to its primer content.

In vivo qualitative analysis of the biocompatibility of different cyanoacrylate-based adhesives

Cyanocrylates have been widely used in the medical and dental fields for several years. In Dentistry, cyanoacrylates have been used for suturing, pulp capping, as retrofilling material in endodontic surgeries, and as cervical plug for pulpless teeth bleaching. The biocompatibility of these adhesives has been the topic of many researches and subcutaneous implantation is an effective methodology for these studies. The present study evaluated the biocompatibility of three different cyanoacrylate-based adhesives. Thirty-six Wistar rats were used, divided into four groups of 9 animals each: A (control) - distilled water, B - cyanoacrylate ester (Super Bonder), C - n-butyl-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) and D - alpha-cyanoacrylate (Three Bond). The materials were dispensed in sponges of polyvinyl chloride, the animals were incised and the sponges were inserted in the subcutaneous tissue and sutured. Each group was sub-divided according to the time of sacrifice of the animals: 7, 21 and 45 days. Subjective analysis of the histologic material showed that all groups presented some degree of irritability, but the inflammatory reaction decreased with the experimental time in all groups. Group D showed an inflammatory reaction which was closer to that of the control group and was considered to have good biocompatibility. Groups B and C were similar and presented more aggressive inflammatory reactions when compared to the control group. Based on the results, it was concluded that alpha-cyanoacrylate (Three Bond) was the most biocompatible adhesive because it caused the lowest levels of inflammation.

Estudo comparativo do efeitos de diferentes materiais restauradores estétuticos fluoretados no desenvolvimento de cárie dentes decíduos / Comparative study of the effect of different materials restorative aesthetic fluoridated in the development of decay in deciduous teeth

Comparar o efeito de diferentes materiais restauradores estéticos fluoretados no desenvolvimento de cárie secundária em dentes decíduos. Método: Para tal,utilizou-se 60 molares decíduos, nos quais confeccionou-se 60 cavidades classe V, nas faces vestibulares. As amostras foram divididas em 5 grupos de forma aleatória e restauradas com os seguintes materiais: Grupo 1 (Glacier), Grupo 2 ( Vitro Fill LC),Grupo 3 (Ketac Molar), Grupo 4 (Vitremer), Grupo 5 (Freedom),sendo expostas a ATF com gel neutro. Em seguida, foram submetidas à indução de cárie artificial pelo método deciclagem de pH, por 14 dias. Após este período, avaliou-se no microscópio de luz polarizada, a profundidade da lesão de cárie externa, profundidade e comprimento da lesão de parede,sendo os dados analisados pelo teste de Kruskal-Wallis e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: Observou-se diferenças significativas (p<0,05) na profundidade da lesão externa, entrea RC, a RCMP e o CIVC, e entre o CIVC e os demais materiais no que se refere ao comprimento da lesão de parede. A comparação da largura das lesões de parede mostrou que o CIVC e a RC, apresentaram diferenças significativas (p<0,01)quando confrontados aos demais materiais. Conclusão: Os materiais fluoretados apresentaram diferenças quanto ao efeito de inibição de cárie secundária, sendo o Ketac Molar o material que apresentou os melhores resultados.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the different materials restorative aesthetic fluoridated in the development of decay in deciduous teeth. Method: For such, 60 deciduous molars were used, us which they were made 60 cavities class V, in the vestibular faces. The samples were divided in 5 groups in an aleatory way and restored with the following materials: Group 1 (Glacier), Group 2 (Vitro Fill LC), Group 3 (Ketac Molar), Group 4 (Vitremer), Group 5 (Freedom). Later, they were exposed ATF with neutral gel. Soon after, they were submitted to the induction of artificial decay by the method of pH cycling, for 14 days. After this period, they were appraised in the microscope of polarized light, being determined the depth of the lesion of external decay, depth and length of the wall lesion. The data were analyzed by the test of Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Results: There were significant differences (p <0,05) in the depth of the lesion it expresses, among RC, RCMP and CIVC, and enter CIVC and the other materials in what refer to the length of the wall lesion. The comparison of the width of the wall lesions showed that CIVC and RC, presented significant differences (p <0,01) when confronted to the other materials. Conclusion: It was conclude that use of the materials fluoridated presented differences with relationship to the inhibition effect of secondary decay, being Ketac Molar the material that presented the best results.

Obturaciones de amalgama defectuosa en cavidades de II clase de Black observadas radiográficamente / Defective amalgam fillings in class II Black's cavities radiographically observed

Se analizaron 260 pacientes de ambos sexos, mayores de 18 años, a los cuales se les realizaron radiografías en todas las obturaciones de II clase. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo contribuir a elevar la salud de los pacientes realizando correctas obturaciones de amalgama en las cavidades de II clase de Black. Se realizó en la Clínica de Estomatología General Integral, Facultad de Estomatología del ISCM de La Habana. Se diagnosticaron 817 obturaciones de amalgama de II clase, de las cuales 518 eran correctas, o sea, el 63 por ciento de las obturaciones y 299 defectuosas, lo que representa el 37 por ciento. Los defectos analizados por medio de la radiografía fueron: alteraciones de la relación de contacto, contornos proximales y margen gingival. Se concluyó que radiográficamente, fue elevada la frecuencia de obturaciones de amalgama defectuosas en cavidades de II clase de Black. La alteración de los contornos proximales, fue el tipo de defecto más frecuente, siguiendo en orden la alteración de margen gingival y la relación de contacto deficiente. Por exceso de material del margen gingival se observó considerable reabsorción ósea, y por déficit, recidiva de caries. La radiografía sigue siendo un medio auxiliar de diagnóstico muy efectivo para observar defectos que clínicamente no se diagnostican correctamente(AU)

This research is aimed at contributing to improve the patient's health by making correct amalgam fillings in class II Black's cavities. It was carried out at the General Comprehensive Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Stomatology of the Higher Institute of Medical Sciences of Havana. 260 patients over 18 of boths sexes were analyzed. All the class II fillings were X rayed. 817 class II amalgam fillings were diagnosed. 518 of them were correct, that is, 63 percent of the fillings, and 299 deficient, accounting for 37 percent. The defects analyzed by means of X rays were alterations of the contact ratio, proximal contours and gingival line. It was radiographically concluded that the frequency of defective amalgam fillings in class II Black's cavities was elevated. The alteration of the proximal contours was the most common type of defect followed by the alteration of the gingival line and the deficient contact ratio. It was observed a considerable osteal reabsorption due to an excess of material of the gingival line, and caries relapse due to deficit. The radiography is still a very effective diagnostic tool to observe defects that were not correctly diagnosed from the clinical point of view(AU)

Avaliaçäo em microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura da adaptaçäo de três cimentos endodônticos à dentina radicular submetida à açäo prévia do laser de Er: YAG, EDTA e Soluçäo Salina Fisiológica / Optical and sccaning electron microscopies evaluation of three endodontic sealers adaptation to dentinal root submitted to the previous action of Er: YAG laser, EDTA and Saline Solution

A adaptaçäo dos cimentos endodônticos, Ketac-Endo, AH Plus e Endomethasone, à dentina radicular submetida à açäo prévia dos agentes de limpeza final laser de Er:YAG, EDTA a 17 por cento e Soluçäo Salina Fisiológica a 0,9 por cento foi estudada pelas microscopias óptica e eletrônica de varredura. Foram empregados 90 caninos humanos extraídos, que após instrumentaçäo pela técnica escalonada de memória e irrigaçäo com hipoclorito de sódio a 1 por cento, foram divididos em três grupos de 30, de acordo com o agente de limpeza final empregado. No grupo A, empregou-se o laser de Er:YAG intracanal, com parâmetros de 100mJ (energia real de 44mJ), 10pps, durante dez segundos, sob refrigeraçäo a ar, com movimentos circulares no sentido apicocoronário, seguido de irrigaçäo com 20 ml de soluçäo salina fisiológica a 0,9 por cento. Após a secagem, os canais radiculares foram armazenados em soluçäo salina fisiológica a 0,9 por cento durante 48 horas. Cada grupo foi entäo dividido em três subgrupos de dez, de acordo com o cimento endodôntico. Os 90 canais radiculares foram obturados pela técnica clássica, seguida da condensaçäo lateral ativa da guta-percha. Após comprovaçäo radiográfica da obturaçäo os canais foram vedados com Cimpat no terço cervical e forame apical, e as raízes armazenadas em soluçäo salina fisiológica a 0,9 por cento em umidade de 100 por cento a 37ºC, durante 30 dias. Em seguida, foram seccionadas transversalemte a 5mm do ápice radicular, fotografadas com aumento de quatro vezes e submetidas à análise em microscopia óptica...

Biocompatibilidade de materiais endodônticos. Resposta do tecido subcutâneo de cobaias à resina poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona - Parte 2 / Biocompatibility of endodontic materials subcutaneous tissue response of guinea-pig to polyurethane resin derived from castor bean oil - Part 2

A poliuretana derivada do óleo de mamona apresenta uma fórmula molecular que tem mostrado compatibilidade com os tecidos vivos. O propósito deste trabalho foi o de comparar esse polímero (Poliol) com quatro materais - AH26, Dentinol, Kerr Sealer, e Sealapex - segundo as normas da FDI e ADA/ANSI, com a finalidade da sua utilizaçäo como cimento de obturaçäo de canal. Todos os materiais foram manipulados de acordo com as instruçöes dos fabricantes. O método utilizado foi o de implante subcutâneo de tubos de Teflon em cobaias. (FDI, 1980; ADA/ANSI, 1982) Foram utilizadas 45 cobaias (+800gr cada), que receberam quatro implantes dorsais com o mesmo material (12 por período). A parede externa do tubo serviu como controle da técnica. Após 30, 60, e 90 dias, os animais foram mortos e os espécimes processados para exame histológico de rotina...

Avaliação «in vitro¼ da eficiência na remoção do magma dentinário da parede do canal radicular, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura, após irrigação com diferentes soluções ativadas por ultra-som / Evaluation of the effectiveness on the removal of the smear layer by different irrigants activated by ultasound: a scanning electron microscopic study

O propósito deste estudo foi de avaliar a eficiência na remoção do magma dentinário durante a irrigação fianl com EDTA, EDTA-T e ácido cítrico, ativados por ultra-som durante 1 min, através da microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Onze dentes uniradiculares foram utilizados. Todos os dentes foram instrumentados manualmente e então divididos em 3 grupos experimentais de 3 dentes, cada grupo foi irrigado com uma determinada solução, ativada por ultra-som por 1 minuto. Os espécimes forma preparados para o exame em microscópio eletrônico de varredura e os terços médios e apicais foram observados. Os resultados demonstraram que todas as soluções testadas foram capazes de remover o magma dentinário no terço médio com um declínio da eficiência apicalmente. Embora, o ácido cítrico tenha sido o menos eficiente na região apical e apresentou a formação de cristais ao longo do canal

Estudo da histocompatibilidade de cimento endodôntico no tecido conjuntivo subcutâneo utilizando três metodologias / Study of the hystocompatibility of endodontic cement in the subcutaneous tissue utilizing three methods

Três métodos foram empregados para avaliar a biocompatibilidade do cimento endodôntico N-Rickert. Utilizou-se, para isso, lamínulas circulares de vidro revestidas pelo cimento, tubos de polietileno e corpos de prova. Os resultados indicaram diferenças qualitativas e quantitativas entre os métodos, evidenciando serem as lamínulas de vidro o melhor método para o estudo macro e microscópico, pois oferece boas condições de trabalho, áreas mais extensas para o estudo histológico e facilidade na obtenção dos espécimes