Caracterización del ambiente físico en viviendas Petrocasas en el Asentamiento Simón Bolívar de Cienfuegos (2008-2009) / Characterization of the physical environment in petrohouses from the village of Simón Bolívar in the province of Cienfuegos (2008-2009)

En varios asentamientos del país se han construido viviendas Petrocasas de policloruro de vinilo, relleno con hormigón sobre balsa y cubierta de lámina de aluminio revestida de papel asfalto por ambas caras. El policloruro de vinilo como material de construcción resulta controversial en relación a sus efectos en la salud. Con el objetivo de caracterizar desde el punto de vista sanitario el ambiente físico en viviendas Petrocasas de Cienfuegos, fue conducido un estudio descriptivo en dos semanas seleccionadas de las estaciones seca y húmeda de 2008 y 2009. Se monitoreó factores de riesgo físico en una muestra de 6 viviendas seleccionadas según la opinión de expertos, del total de las 104 viviendas del asentamiento según su ubicación en las filas de viviendas: centro, culata de fila y fachada. Se estudió el ruido, componente magnético del campo electromagnético de baja frecuencia, iluminación natural, artificial, microclima y penetración del viento. La evaluación del monitoreo se efectuó por descriptores estadísticos, modelos de regresión, varianza y espectro de potencia bivariado con los paquetes estadísticos: SPSS v. 17,0 y Statistica v. 8,0. Durante la estación seca, la temperatura del aire es mayor en la habitación principal de viviendas con fachada al sur. En ambas estaciones, las temperaturas y humedades relativas de las viviendas son más altas que en la intemperie. Las cubiertas y paredes muestran calentamientos ante el asoleamiento. Los coeficientes de iluminación natural presentan elevadas reflexiones. Los valores del campo electromagnético son bajos. En la estación seca los niveles sonoros reflejan una contaminación acústica moderada. Concluimos que el microclima en el interior de las viviendas durante el día es inconfortable(AU)

Petrohouses have been built in several villages in the country. These houses are made of polyvinyl chloride, filled with raft concrete and covered with aluminum sheets coated with asphalt paper on both sides. The health effects of polyvinyl chloride as a construction material is a matter of controversy. With the purpose of carrying out a health characterization of the physical environment in Cienfuegos petrohouses, a descriptive study was conducted during two weeks selected from the dry and wet seasons of 2008 and 2009. Physical risk factors were monitored in a sample of 6 houses selected on the basis of expert opinion, of the total 104 houses in the village, according to their location in the rows: front, mid and end positions. The variables studied were noise, magnetic component of the low frequency electromagnetic field, natural and artificial lighting, microclimate and wind penetration. Monitoring was evaluated with statistical descriptors, regression models, variance and bivariate power spectrum, with the statistical software SPSS v. 17.0 and Statistica v. 8.0. In the dry season, air temperature is higher in the main room of houses with facades facing the south. In both seasons, temperature and relative humidity values are higher inside the houses than outside. Covers and walls heat up when hit by the sun. Natural lighting coefficients show high reflection values. Electromagnetic field values are low. In the dry season, sound levels show moderate acoustic contamination. It is concluded that the microclimate inside houses during the day is uncomfortable(AU)

Trauma ocupacional por corpo estranho corneano superficial / Occupational trauma due to superficial corneal foreign body

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a epidemiologia do trauma ocular por corpo estranho superficial de córnea. MÉTODOS: Os pacientes atendidos no Pronto-Socorro da Universidade Federal de São Paulo entre abril e junho de 2005 que apresentaram corpo estranho superficial de córnea foram entrevistados. Foram avaliados: sexo, idade, profissão, registro legal do emprego, uso, disponibilidade e tipo de equipamentos de proteção utilizados e a fiscalização do seu uso. O conhecimento das complicações deste tipo de acidente também foi avaliado. Os resultados foram analisados com teste do qui quadrado ou teste de Fisher. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 123 pacientes. Apenas 3 eram do sexo feminino e a idade média foi de 36 anos. A maioria destes traumas ocorreu no ambiente de trabalho (86,2 por cento) e 58,4 por cento não possuíam registro legal do emprego. As profissões mais freqüentemente envolvidas foram serralheiro, pedreiro e metalúrgico. Em 79,8 por cento dos locais de trabalho havia equipamentos de proteção e 85,3 por cento dos pacientes eram orientados a usá-los. Em 52,4 por cento dos locais sua utilização era fiscalizada, mas apenas 34,2 por cento usavam no momento do trauma. A utilização foi mais freqüente (p=0,008) e fiscalização mais presente (p=0,0415) entre pacientes com registro legal de emprego. Questionados sobre os riscos, 68,9 por cento dos pacientes tinham consciência das complicações graves deste tipo de acidente. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos pacientes tem conhecimento sobre a gravidade do trauma ocular e este tipo de lesão ocorre mesmo em locais com equipamentos de proteção disponíveis, alguns deles até durante o seu uso. Os dados sugerem que enfoque maior da prevenção deve ser na fiscalização e utilização de equipamentos adequados.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the epidemiology of superficial corneal foreign body. METHODS: Patients who were seen at the Emergency Service of the Federal University of São Paulo, from April/05 to June/05, were screened and those with superficial corneal foreign body were interviewed. Data regarding gender, age, occupation, employment status, availability and use of protective devices and supervision of their use were collected. Awareness of the possible complications was also assessed. Results were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher exact test. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-three patients were interviewed. Only 3 patients were female. The mean age was 36 years. Most injuries occurred at the workplace (86.2 percent), and 58.4 percent of the patients did not have a legal employment registration. The occupational activities most frequently reported were construction related activities (44.3 percent) and welding/soldering (11.3 percent). In most workplaces (79.8 percent) protective devices were available and 85.3 percent of the patients were instructed to use them. A safety device was being used during the accident in 34.2 percent of the cases and this was more frequent among patients that had legal employment registry (p=0.008) and among those under supervision (p=0.0415). The majority of the patients (68.9 percent) were aware of the risk of severe complications. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with superficial corneal foreign body are aware of its severe complications and injuries usually occur in places where safety devices are available and often during their use. Our findings suggest that prevention should focus on supervision and correct use of safety devices.

Pattern of skin diseases among migrant construction workers in Mangalore.

BACKGROUND: With increasing industrialization, the construction industry provides employment to a large number of skilled and nonskilled workers, many of them migrant workers. AIM: This study was undertaken to provide epidemiological data regarding various dermatoses among migrant construction workers in India as currently there is a paucity of the same. METHODS: One thousand construction workers, including 467 migrant laborers, were examined for various dermatoses. RESULTS: Most (88%) workers were males and 51.17% were in their third decade. Infective and noninfective dermatoses were seen in 89.72% and 53.74% of laborers respectively. Among infective dermatoses, fungal infections were the most common (46.25%) ones, followed by bacterial infections (24.83%), scabies (8.56%) and viral infections (6.42%). Contact dermatitis to cement was seen in 12.48% of the laborers. Masons had a significantly higher incidence of contact dermatitis to cement, viral infections and scabies than helpers. CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of dermatoses is an expression of poverty, overcrowding and the occupational hazards of the construction industry.

Estudo de 162 casos de queimaduras oculares atendidos no Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina / Research of 162 cases of taken care ocular burnings at the University Hospital of Federal University of Santa Catarina

Objetivos: Este estudo tem por objetivo descrever os principais tipos de queimaduras oculares, assim como relacioná-los com o sexo, a idade, o agente causador, a lateralidade, a profissão e as complicações oculares associadas, atendidos no ambulatório do Serviço de Oftalmologia do Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (HU/UFSC).Métodos: Foram estudados 162 pacientes, no período de março de 2003 a setembro de 2004. Foram analisadas as queimaduras oculares nas seguintes categorias: sexo, idade, tipo de queimadura ocular, agente causador, lateralidade, profissão e complicações oculares.Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo, retrospectivo, não intervencionista. Os critérios de inclusão consistiram somente na análise dos prontuários nos quais continham todas as informações necessárias para o preenchimento dos dados da pesquisa, excluindo-se aqueles prontuários com informações incompletas. Resultados: Houve predominância do sexo masculino (79,6%) sobre o feminino (20,4%). A faixa etária mais acometida foi a de 15 a 35 anos, com 57,4% dos casos. O tipo de queimadura mais freqüente foi a química, com 58% dos casos. Os principais agentes causadores foram aqueles relacionados ao ambiente de trabalho: energia radiante (29,6%) e cal associada a cimento (21%). Quanto à lateralidade, em cerca de 50,6% dos casos, os dois olhos foram afetados. Em relação à ocupação profissional, os pacientes mais comprometidos foram aqueles que trabalhavam na construção civil (33,3%). Entre as complicações oculares encontradas, a erosão corneal foi observada em 72,2% dos casos, seguida pelas conjuntivites traumáticas (41,4%). Conclusão: Indivíduos jovens do sexo masculino foram os mais acometidos, sendo que o principal tipo de queimadura encontrada foi a queimadura química. Na maioria dos casos, os acidentes ocorreram no ambiente de trabalho, relacionados com a construção civil. Os principais agentes causadores foram o cimento...

Ventilatory functions in stone quarry workers of Rajasthan.

Ninety two stone quarry workers from nearby villages of Jodhpur town were, assessed for their lung functions which included measurement of Forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in Ist second (FEV1), and Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). A detailed questionnaire was administered to all the workers, who were divided into group I (cutting the stone) and group II (loading and unloading the stone) depending on the nature of their Job. The presenting complaints included cough with sputum (55%), chest pain (79%), bodyache (31%) and 21% gave the history as suffering from tuberculosis. Comparison of the lung function results between two groups indicated a significant decrement of FEV1 and PEFR in group II as compared to group I workers. The observed lung functions were also found to be lower on comparison with the normative data from Rajasthan. However, no difference in observed lung function results of smokers and nonsmokers were obtained. Thus the reported lower values of lung functions independent of smoking habits, may be due to occupational stone dust exposure.

Working and living conditions of construction workers: comparison between large and small construction sites in northeastern Thailand.

This study examined differences in working and living conditions of construction workers in large and small construction sites in Northeastern Thailand. Data were collected by questionnaires, through observation and interviewing. A total of 812 construction workers from 20 large sites and 24 small sites were studied. Working and living conditions among the construction workers were generally poor. However, they were better at the large sites than the small ones. The data suggest an urgent need to improve sanitation and safety conditions on the construction sites and camp sites, including personal protective devices and improved welfare for the workers and their families.