Meningitis aséptica secundaria a la administración de inmunoglobulina / Aseptic meningitis following immunoglobulin therapy

Introducción: la meningitis aséptica es una entidad infrecuente y multifactorial, siendo raros los efectos secundarios a la administración de inmunoglobulina. Objetivo: reportar el caso de una paciente hospitalizada en el servicio de pediatría en un hospital de Bogotá. Discusión: las principales causas de la entidad son virales. Aunque el uso de inmunoglobulina en pediatría es seguro, uno de sus efectos adversos menos comunes es la meningitis aséptica. Están descritas las posibles teorías fisiopatológicas que podrían explicar su desenlace. Conclusión: la meningitis aséptica puede corresponder a un efecto secundario al uso de inmunoglobulina en pediatría.

Introduction: aseptic meningitis is a rare and multifactorial entity and side effects of immunoglobulin therapy are rare. Objective: to report the case of a female patient hospitalized in the pediatrics service in a hospital in Bogotá. Discussion: the most common cause of aseptic meningitis is viral infection. Although the use of immunoglobulin therapy in pediatric patients is safe, one of its less common adverse effects is aseptic meningitis. The pathophysiological theories that could explain its outcome have been described. Conclusion: aseptic meningitis may be a side effect to the use of immunoglobulin in pediatric practice.

Meningite recorrente de Mollaret: uma revisão / Mollaret's recurrent meningitis: an overview

A meningite recorrente linfocítica benigna ou meningite de Mollaret, inicialmente descrita pelo neurologista francês Pierre Mollaret em 1944, é uma condição relativamente rara, benigna mas incapacitante durante os seus períodos de agudização. Trata-se de quadro inflamatório meníngeo recorrente devido a reativação de infecção pelo herpes simples vírus, particularmente o herpesvirus do tipo 2 (HSV-2). Pode ser reconhecida a partir do seu quadro clínico de meningismo agudo, perfil liquórico linfocítico e identificação do genoma viral por PCR no líquor. Aciclovir e seus derivados podem ser utilizado no seu tratamento ou na sua profilaxia. Sua identificação é importante no sentido de se excluir outras causas de quadros meníngeos recorrentes.

Benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis or Mollaret's meningitis (MM) was frst described by the French neurologist Pierre Mollaret in 1944. MM is a relatively rare, benign but disabling condition. MM is a recurrent meningeal inflammatory illness due to reactivation of herpes simplex virus infection, particularly herpesvirus type 2 (HSV-2). It can be recognized from its clinical picture of acute meningism, lymphocytic CSF profle and by the identifcation of the viral genome in the CSF by PCR. Acyclovir and its derivatives may be used for its treatment or prophylaxis. The identifcation of MM is important in order to exclude other causes of recurrent meningeal conditions.

Manifestaciones neurológicas asociadas a infección por Mycoplasma pneumoniae / Neurological clinical manifestations associated to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

Mycoplasma pneumoniae, reconocido patógeno respiratorio, es también responsable de numerosas y variadas manifestaciones extrapulmonares, siendo las neurológicas las más frecuentes. Se presenta el caso de una escolar de 8 años, con un síndrome febril prolongado asociado a infección por M. pneumoniae que se complicó con encefalomielitis diseminada aguda. Se reportan otros seis casos con manifestaciones neurológicas: meningitis aséptica (1), meningoencefalitis (1), síndrome de Guillain Barré (1) y parálisis facial (3). La patogenia de las complicaciones neurológicas asociadas con infección por M. pneumoniae es aún desconocida, planteándose que algunas se deben a invasión directa del SNC y aquellas con pródromo prolongado, como encefalomielitis diseminada aguda, síndrome de Guillain Barré y mielitis transversa, obedecerían probablemente a fenómenos autoinmunes. En nuestro medio, en ausencia de RPC para confirmar el diagnóstico de esta infección, éste se fundamenta en la presencia de anticuerpos IgM o ascenso de IgG específica. La utilidad de los antimicrobianos en el control de estas manifestaciones neurológicas es discutida postulándose el uso de terapia inmunomoduladora.

Two family members with a syndrome of headache and rash caused by human parvovirus B19

Human parvovirus B19 infection can cause erythema infectiosum (EI) and several other clinical presentations. Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is rare, and only a few reports of encephalitis and aseptic meningitis have been published. Here, we describe 2 cases of B19 infection in a family presenting different clinical features. A 30 years old female with a 7-day history of headache, malaise, myalgias, joint pains, and rash was seen. Physical examination revealed a maculopapular rash on the patient's body, and arthritis of the hands. She completely recovered in 1 week. Two days before, her 6 year old son had been admitted to a clinic with a 1-day history of fever, headache, abdominal pain and vomiting. On admission, he was alert, and physical examination revealed neck stiffness, Kerning and Brudzinski signs, and a petechial rash on his trunk and extremities. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis was normal. He completely recovered in 5 days. Acute and convalescent sera of both patients were positive for specific IgM antibody to B19. Human parvovirus B19 should be considered in the differential diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, particularly during outbreaks of erythema infectiosum. The disease may mimic meningococcemia and bacterial meningitis.

Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of patients with aseptic meningoencephalitis and connective tissue disorders

OBJECTIVE: To describe the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the evaluation of patients with chronic and recurrent aseptic meningitis.METHOD: A retrospective study of five patients with aseptic meningoencefalitis diagnosed by clinical and CSF findings. CT scans showed without no relevant findings. RESULTS: MRI showed small multifocal lesions hyperintense on T2 weighted images and FLAIR, with mild or no gadolinium enhancement, mainly in periventricular and subcortical regions. Meningoencephalitis preceded the diagnosis of the underlying disease in four patients (Behçet's disease or systemic lupus erythematosus). After the introduction of adequate treatment for the rheumatic disease, they did not present further symptoms of aseptic meningoencephalitis. CONCLUSION: Aseptic meningoencephalitis can be an early presentation of an autoimmune disease. It is important to emphasize the role of MRI in the diagnosis and follow-up of these patients.

Hipernatremia grave em paciente portadora de provável meningite asséptica / Acute hypernatremia in patient with probable asseptic meningitis

Nós descrevemos o caso de uma paciente que desenvolveu níveis séricos de sódio de 196 meq/L na véspera do óbito, e 202 meq/L nas amostras de sangue colhidas na manhä do óbito.