Aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no Nordeste brasileiro / Epidemiological aspects of accidents by poisony animals in Northeast Brazil / Aspectos epidemiológicos de accidentes por animales venenosos en el Noreste de Brasil

Objetivo: Descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos dos acidentes por animais peçonhentos no Nordeste do Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, construído a partir de dados secundários disponíveis no portal do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil referente aos casos de acidentes com animais peçonhentos no período de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: percebeu-se que entre 2015 e 2019 houve um crescimento percentual médio de 74,25% nos casos, sendo registrados cerca de 4 mil acidentes com animais peçonhentos por mês. Quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos, predominou o sexo feminino (51,35%), pardos (62,51%), com faixa etária de 20-59 anos (57,5%). Além disso, nos aspectos clínicos dos acidentes, nota-se a maior ocorrência de acidentes com escorpiões (72,70%). Conclusão: vê-se a importância em analisar aspectos epidemiológicos a fim de subsidiar ações de promoção, proteção e gestão em saúde

Objective: to analyze the epidemiological aspects of accidents by venomous animals in Northeastern Brazil. Method: descriptive, retrospective study, constructed from secondary data available on the website of the Department of Informatics of the Brazilian Unified Health System regarding cases of accidents with venomous animals in the period from 2015 to 2019. Results: it was noticed that between 2015 and 2019 there was an average percentage increase of 74.25% in cases, with approximately 4 thousand accidents involving venomous animals per month. As for the sociodemographic aspects, there was a predominance of females (51.35%), browns (62.51%), aged 20-59 years (57.5%). In addition, in the clinical aspects of accidents, there is a higher occurrence of accidents with scorpions (72.70%). Conclusion: we see the importance of analyzing epidemiological aspects in order to support health promotion, protection and management actions

Objetivo: analizar los aspectos epidemiológicos de los accidentes por animales venenosos en el noreste de Brasil. Método: estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, construido a partir de datos secundarios disponibles en el sitio web del Departamento de Informática del Sistema Único de Salud de Brasil sobre los casos de accidentes con animales venenosos en el período de 2015 a 2019. Resultados: se notó que entre 2015 y 2019 fue un aumento porcentual promedio de 74,25% en los casos, con aproximadamente 4 mil accidentes con animales venenosos por mes. En cuanto a los aspectos sociodemográficos, hubo predominio del sexo femenino (51,35%), marrones (62,51%), de 20 a 59 años (57,5%). Además, en los aspectos clínicos de los accidentes, hay una mayor ocurrencia de accidentes con escorpiones (72,70%). Conclusión: vemos la importancia de analizar los aspectos epidemiológicos para apoyar las acciones de promoción, protección y gestión de la salud

Informe especial: Análisis comparativo de las denuncias de accidentes por mordeduras de animales de compañía en el contexto del ASPO por Covid-19 / Special report: Comparative analysis of reports of accidents caused by bites of pet animals in the context of ASPO by Covid-19

El aislamiento social, preventivo y obligatorio (ASPO) es una medida excepcional que el Gobierno Nacional adopta en un contexto crítico. Con el fin de proteger la salud pública frente a la propagación de la Covid-19, se dispuso que todas las personas que habitan, o se encuentren temporalmente, en las jurisdicciones donde rige esta normativa deberán permanecer en sus domicilios habituales, sólo pudiendo realizar desplazamientos mínimos e indispensables para aprovisionarse de artículos de limpieza, medicamentos y alimentos (Decreto Nacional 297/2020). En la Ciudad de Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA) rige desde el 20 de marzo el ASPO, y se ha ido flexibilizando a lo largo del tiempo. En este contexto se modificaron conductas, actividades e incluso asistencia a los centros de salud para consultas no relacionadas con Covid-19. En este informe pretendemos dar cuenta de la situación en relación a la denuncia de accidentes por mordeduras de animales de compañía. (AU)

Consenso: niños y mascotas / Consensus: children and pets

La relación de un niño con un animal doméstico, bajo circunstancias debidamente controladas, es beneficiosa para ambos. Las mascotas establecen vínculos de apego con los niños y la relación resulta positiva en aspectos afectivos, en refuerzo de la personalidad y promoción de autoestima, y en desarrollo cognitivo.Sin embargo, existen riesgos en la convivencia de niños y mascotas: mordeduras, lesiones diversas, transmisión de enfermedades. Los factores de riesgo pueden ser inherentes a los niños (edades, conductas inoportunas, falta de supervisión), al medioambiente (hogares pequeños, espacios inadecuados) o a los perros (razas no recomendables, conductas agresivas).En este consenso, se insiste en pautas para una tenencia responsable y una convivencia segura. Se recomiendan perros y gatos como mascotas, y se desaconsejan especies exóticas y animales no tradicionales. Se brindan pautas de tratamiento de mordeduras y se esbozan las principales zoonosis de las que pueden ser transmisores los animales de compañía.

The relationship of a child with a pet, under duly controlled circumstances, is beneficial for both. Pets establish emotional attachments to children, and the relationship turns out positive in terms of affective aspects, in reinforcement of the child ́s personality and promoting self-esteem, and in cognitive development, among many other advantages.Nevertheless, there are real risks in the coexistence of kids and pets: trauma, bites, several injuries and also disease transmission. Risk factors of injuries can be inherent in children (age, improper behavior, lack of supervision), in the environment (small houses, inadequate spaces), or in dogs (big or not recommended breeds, aggressive behaviors).This consensus insists on some guidelines for a responsible tenure and safe coexistence. Dogs and cats are recommended as pets, discouraging exotic species and non-traditional animals. Guidelines for bites treatment are provided and the main zoonoses of which pets can be carriers and transmitters are outlined

Análisis de las lesiones ocasionadas por mordeduras de animales de compañía en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: Año 2017 / Analysis of the injuries caused by pets´s bites in the City of Buenos Aires: Year 2017

Las lesiones ocasionadas por mordeduras de animales de compañía constituyen un problema de importancia para la salud, por un lado se relaciona con los traumas directos y los derivados posteriormente tanto físicos como psicológicos, así como con aspectos relacionados con la transmisión potencial de una enfermedad mortal como es la rabia. Actualmente la rabia no se encuentra erradicada; aún se registran casos en animales de compañía de países limítrofes e incluso en provincias del norte de nuestro país. Asimismo en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires (CABA) se mantiene el ciclo aéreo de la rabia a través de los murciélagos. Éstos, al padecer la enfermedad, y por la afectación del sistema nervioso central, presentan: incoordinación, problemas de su sistema de radar, parálisis y muerte. Los perros y gatos domésticos, así como las personas, pueden tomar contacto con estos animales enfermos o muertos y contagiarse de rabia. Se analizan las denuncias efectuadas en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires durante 2017, así como los datos de los animales agresores

Características de la población canina de Asunción / Features od the canine population of Asuncion

Introducción: la alta incidencia de mordeduras caninas en la población humana (14.903 en el2.002), hizo pensar a las autoridades municipales sobre la necesidad de poner en vigencia el registro canino, necesidad sentida desde 1868 en Asunción, en que se genera la primera Ordenanza Municipal relacionada con este aspecto y crear un sistema de control de perros callejeros y de punición a dueños irresponsables. Objetivo: Estimar la población canina existente, su distribución por sexo y edad, el porcentaje de casas-habitación que poseen estos animales en Asunción y la probabilidad de un libre acceso de los perros a la calle. Material Métodos: Se siguió la guía de caracterización de población animal del Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa, tomando como marco de referencia la población humana, realizándose un muestreo estratificado proporcional con selección sistemática en dos etapas; por conglomerados (manzanas) seleccionadas como unidades primarias y en segunda etapa, las casas-habitación como unidades secundarias. Se estimó una muestra de n = 2.600casas. Se estableció la proporción de casas con perro para cada estrato. Resultados y Conclusiones: La población canina encontrada en Asunción posee características de una población rural: alto índice de tenencia y distribución etaria con alto porcentaje de perros mayores de 4 años. El sacrificio delas hembras al nacer no es tan frecuente como en otras ciudades de América Latina. Existe un alto porcentaje de población canina con libre acceso a la calle, que explica la incidencia de mordeduras ella ciudad. Existe un afecto y un cuidado por los canes muy arraigado en la comunidad, lo que se evidencia en el alto índice de la relación hombre/perro y el alto índice de perros adultos en la población.

Introduction: the high incidence of dog bites inthe human population (14,903 in 2002), suggestedto the municipal authorities on the need toenforce the canine registry, felt need since 1868in Asuncion, in which the first ordinance on thissubject of the city council was generated, and tocreate a system for the control of stray dogs andpunishment to irresponsible owners. Objective:To estimate the dog population distribution by sexand age, the percentage of houses that have theseanimals room in Asuncion and the likelihood offree access to the street. Material and Methods:Following the Guide for the characterization ofanimal population of the Pan American Foot andMouth Disease, taking as a reference the humanpopulation, a proportional stratified sampling withsystematic selection was followed in two stages;Cluster (blocks) selected as primary units androom houses as secondary units, a sample of n =2,600 households were study. The proportion ofhouses with dogs for each stratum was established.Results and Conclusions: The canine populationfound in Asuncion has characteristics of a rural population: high rate of tenure and age distributionwith a high percentage of dogs older than 4 years.The sacrifice of females at birth is not as prevalentas in other cities in Latin America. There is a highpercentage of canine population with free access tothe street, which explains the incidence of bites inthe city. There is a deeply rooted affection and carefor dogs in the community, which is evidenced bythe high rate of human / dog relationship and thehigh rate of adult dogs in the population.

Environmental dermatology: skin manifestations of injuries caused by invertebrate aquatic animals / Dermatologia ambiental: manifestacoes dermatologicas de acidentes por animais aquaticos (invertebrados)

Contact between humans and coastal areas has increased in recent decades, which has led to an increase in injuries from aquatic animals. The majority of these present dermatological manifestations, and some of them show typical lesions. The highest percentages of injuries that occur in marine environments are associated with invertebrates such as sea urchins, jellyfish and Portuguese men-of-war (echinoderms and cnidarians). In this review, we discuss the clinical, therapeutic and preventive aspects of injuries caused by marine and freshwater invertebrates, focusing on first aid measures and diagnosis for dermatologists and professionals in coastal areas.

O contato entre a Humanidade e as áreas litorâneas vem aumentando nas últimas décadas e com isso também aumentaram os acidentes por animais aquáticos. A maioria destes apresenta manifestações dermatológicas, sendo algumas bem características. As maiores porcentagens das lesões em ambientes marinhos estão associadas aos invertebrados, como os ouriços-do-mar, águas-vivas e caravelas (equinodermos e cnidários). Nesta revisão, são discutidos os aspectos clínicos, terapêuticos e preventivos de acidentes por invertebrados marinhos e fluviais e ressaltados os primeiros cuidados e os auxílios diagnósticos para os dermatologistas e profissionais das áreas litorâneas.

Effect of untreated bed nets on blood-fed Phlebotomus argentipes in kala-azar endemic foci in Nepal and India

Observational studies in the Indian subcontinent have shown that untreated nets may be protective against visceral leishmaniasis (VL). In this study, we evaluated the effect of untreated nets on the blood feeding rates of Phlebotomus argentipes as well as the human blood index (HBI) in VL endemic villages in India and Nepal. The study had a "before and after intervention" design in 58 households in six clusters. The use of untreated nets reduced the blood feeding rate by 85 percent (95 percent CI 76.5-91.1 percent) and the HBI by 42.2 percent (95 percent CI 11.1-62.5 percent). These results provide circumstantial evidence that untreated nets may provide some degree of personal protection against sand fly bites.

Skin and systemic manifestations of jellyfish stings in Iraqi fishermen

Jellyfish stings are common worldwide with an estimated 150 million cases annually, and their stings cause a wide range of clinical manifestations from skin inflammation to cardiovascular and respiratory collapse. No studies on jellyfish stings have been carried out in Basra, Iraq. To describe the immediate and delayed skin reactions to White Jellyfish [Rhizostoma sp.] stings and the types of local treatment used by fishermen.] 150 fishermen were enrolled at three Marine stations in Basra, Iraq. Demographic data, types of skin reactions, systemic manifestations and kinds of treatments were collected. Overall, 79% of fishermen in all three Marine stations gave a history of having been stung. The common sites of sings were the hands and arms followed by the legs. Most fishermen claimed that stings led to skin reactions within 5 minutes. The presenting complaints were itching, burning sensation, and erythematic wheals. A few days after the sting, new groups of painless and itchy erythematous monomorphic papular rashes developed at the site of the sting in 62% of cases as a delayed type of skin reaction that resolved spontaneously. The local remedies commonly used by the fishermen were seawater, tap water and ice. A few fishermen considered stings as insignificant and did not think there was a need to seek medical help. We conclude that jellyfish causes many stings among fishermen in the Basra region. Their stings lead to immediate and delayed skin reactions. Self-treatment by topical remedies is common

Epidemiología de las lesiones por mordedura de perro en Tierra del Fuego, Argentina / Epidemiology of dog bite lesions in Tierra del Fuego, Argentina

La convivencia del hombre y el perro ha resultado en beneficios mutuos durante miles de años, si bien en el último tiempo han surgido una serie de inconvenientes donde las lesiones por mordeduras ocupan un lugar destacado. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue describir las características epidemiológicas de las lesiones por mordedura de perro ocurridas a lo largo de un año en Tierra del Fuego. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo, transversal, de los pacientes que ingresaron con lesiones por mordedura de perro al Servicio de Guardia Clínica y Pediátrica de los Hospitales y Centros de Salud desde el 1/3/05 hasta el 1/3/06. Se confeccionaron 382 planillas. El 49.5% fueron niños resultando más afectado el grupo de 5-9 años (44.4%; IC95% 37.2-51.8). En adultos correspondió al grupo de 15-24 años (29.5%; IC95% 23.2-36.5). Se registraron más lesiones en varones (57.6%) que en mujeres (42.4%) (x² = 8.6, p= 0.003). En los meses primavera y verano se registró el 56.5% de las lesiones, en la vía pública el 72.8% de ellas. Los perros de tamaño grande causaron el 49.7% (IC95% 44.6-54.9) de las lesiones. El 89.8% de los ataques fueron causados por perros ajenos. El 55.8% (IC95% 50.6-60.8) se registró en miembros inferiores y el 11% (IC95% 8.1-14.7) en cabeza y cuello. Los datos obtenidos demuestran que en Tierra del Fuego las lesiones por mordedura de perro afectan en forma permanente la salud e impactan en la calidad de vida de la población.

The coexistence between man and dog has resulted in mutual benefits during thousands of years, nevertheless some problems have recently arisen where bite injuries have an important role. The aim of this work was to describe the epidemiological characteristics of dog bite lesions which occurred during a year in Tierra del Fuego. A descriptive observational, transversal study of patients who were admitted with dog bite injuries to clinic and pediatric emergency services of hospitals and health centers was carried out between 3/1/05 and 3/1/06. A total of 382 records were made. The children group represents 49.5%. The group between 5 and 9 year-old was the most affected (44.4%; IC95% 37.2-51.8). In the adult group, that between 15 and 24 year-old was the most affected (29.5%; IC95% 23.2- 36.5). More lesions were registered in men (57.6%) than in women (42.4%) (x² = 8.6, p= 0.003). During spring and summer months, 56.5% of the lesions were registered. A 72.8% of the incidents occurred on the public highway. Dogs of big size were responsible of 49.7% (IC95% 44.6-54.9) of the injuries. The 89.8% of the incidents were caused by another person´s dog. Of the lesions, 55.8% (IC95% 50.6-60.8) were registered in lower extremities and 11% (IC95% 8.1-14.7) in head and neck. These data show that dog bite lesions affect the health and impact in the quality of life of the population of Tierra del Fuego, Argentina.

Knowledge, attitude and practices about animal bites and rabies in general community--a multi-centric study.

Rabies a disease as old as our civilization, continues to be the most feared of all communicable diseases. Despite the availability the state-of-the-art tools which ensure near cent percent protection against rabies, India is the largest contributant to rabies mortality in the world. A multicentric study was carried out from April 2001 to September 2002 with the objective of assessing the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and practices (KAP) about animal bites and rabies in the general community. The proforma for interviewing the general community was developed and used after field testing. The study was carried out at six selected centres across the country viz. Delhi, Hyderabad, Raipur, Jamnagar, Coonoor and Rajahmundry and was co-ordinated by National Institute of Communicable Diseases (NICD), Delhi, after thorough briefing of designated nodal officers. A total of 1129 (male: female :: 48.5: 51.5) persons in the age group of 18 to 80 years were interviewed in this study. Of these about 751% of the individuals had attended school at some level and rest were illiterates. 68.7% people had heard about rabies. In 60.7% of cases the community associates rabies with dog bite only. Knowledge about appropriate wound toilet was found to be inadequate. Only 360 (31.9%0/) people felt that washing the wound with soap and water was the best option. Application of indigenous products like chillies (11.4%), turmeric (5.6%), lime (6.8%), kerosene oil (2.3%), herbal paste (4.2%) etc was suggested along with visit to occult medicine practitioner (1.5%) as part of the bite wound management. People were not aware of number of injections needed for treatment of animal bites. Multiple reasons viz negligence and ignorance 354 (31.4%), fear of multiple painful injections 365 (32.3%), expensive treatment 169 (15%) and long course requiring daily visits to anti-rabies clinics 73 (6.5%) were cited as reasons for non-compliance of treatment. KAP study suggests that there is need to create awareness amongst the masses regarding epidemiology of the disease and merits of prompt and appropriate post exposure treatment through enhanced IEC activities.

Recomendaciones para el manejo de mordeduras ocasionadas por animales / Guidelines for management of animal bites

Las mordeduras producidas por animales domésticos, silvestres o mascotas exóticas, son un problema que no está bien dimensionado en nuestro medio; sin embargo, representan un motivo de consulta frecuente. Se revisa la epidemiología, enfrentamiento inicial y recomendaciones para el manejo de mordeduras ocasionadas por perros y gatos; por la gran importancia que han ido adquiriendo en el último tiempo se revisan las mordeduras producidas por hámsters, ratones, conejos, hurones, perros de la pradera, simios, murciélagos, aves, iguanas y animales de granja.

Efficacy of repellent products against caged and free flying Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes.

The efficacy of 9 repellents (8 commercial repellents and one product under development) was evaluated on the skin at dosages of 0.65 and 1.7 mg of product/cm2, the latter dosage being the industrial standard for deet based repellents. The repellents were applied to the arm or lower leg of a human subject and tested against Anopheles stephensi in a cage or flying freely in a mosquito-proof room. In the cage tests, a product with 20% p-menthane-3, 8-diol (PMD) active ingredient provided complete repellency for 7-8 hours, while with 10% PMD had complete repellency for only 30 minutes. The natural oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum) (10% active ingredient) plus makaen (Zanthoxylum limonella) (10% active ingredient) gave protection for 4-5 hours. In the case of free flying mosquitoes, products with 20% and 30% PMD gave complete protection for 11-12 hours at a dosage of 1.7 mg/cm2 or 6 hours at half the dosage, while the product with 10% PMD afforded protection for less than 2 hours. At the higher dosage rate 40% citronella and hydroxyethyl isobutyl piperidine carboxylate, a new synthetic compound, provided complete repellency for 7 hours. Fifty percent deet (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) was effective for 30 hours if left undisturbed on the skin.

efficacy of Iranian and foreign dimethyl phthalate lotion and trench oinment against Anopheles Stephensi in laboratory conditions

The use of repellents is an important mean of personal protection against biting insects, as well as for combating diseases transmission by reducing man-vector contact. Although N, N- diethyl-3-m-toluamide [DEET] is effective and commonly used, but a number of biting Diptera are tolerant to DEET. In addition, there are some concerns about the safety of DEET and their allergic and toxic effects. Therefore, attend to other repellents. This study evaluated dimethyl phthalate [DMP], which was synthetized in Iran, for protection time [PT] against Anopheles Stephensi and compared its efficacy with two repellents foreign DMP and Trench oinment, under laboratory condition. This study was conducted to determine the repellent protection time and failure time [FT] by Barnard [1999] method. Our results indicated that PT of Iranian DMP against An.Stephensi was 274 +/- 8.04 which has no significant difference with the two others repellents. There were significant differences in FT among three repellents. The FT of Iranian DMP was significantly less than two other repellents. Iranian DMP lotion is comparable with foreign DMP lotion, but it needs to promote and to increase repellent FT

Knowledge and beliefs about malaria transmission and practices for vector control in Southern Mexico

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the knowledge and beliefs about malaria transmission and practices for vector control in eight villages on the coastal plain of Chiapas, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during May and June 1995 in Chiapas, Mexico. A questionnaire to investigate family structure, knowledge on malaria transmission, preventive measures and attitudes towards seeking treatment was applied to both family heads of a sample of households. Associations were analyzed by estimating odds ratios with confidence intervals and p values, using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression methods. RESULTS: Malaria knowledge was poor and only 48 percent associated malaria with mosquito bites. The perceived benefit of indoor residual spraying was associated to a reduction of mosquitoes, a reduction in the numbers of cockroaches and rats, but only 3 percent associated it directly with the prevention of malaria transmission. Most villagers (97.6 percent) agreed with the indoor residual spraying of insecticides. Ninety nine percent of villagers had mosquito bednets, 75.7 percent used them all year round. Other measures used by villagers to prevent mosquito bites were smoke and mosquito coils. Above 40 percent of villagers self-medicated when any member of the family had a fever episode, but 51 percent attended proper health services (community dispensary, private physician, health worker). About 61 percent used pesticides for agricultural or livestock purposes and 55 percent applied them themselves. Women had a greater participation as family health promoters, with 70 percent of the housewives being in charge of the application of self-protection preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS: Educational programs aimed at increasing awareness on the participation of mosquitoes on malaria transmission could promote community participation in malaria control in the region

Lesión genital por mordedura de perro en niños varones / Genital lesion by dog bite in male children

Introducción. Debido a la elevada frecuencia de este fenómeno en las grandes ciudades, este tipo de heridas representa un serio problema para los servicios de urgencias de los hospitales. Las lesiones genitales, por otro lado, son muy frecuentes y las laceraciones y caídas son la causa y efecto más comunes; sin embargo, las heridas testiculares de escroto y prepucio como consecuencia del ataque por un perro son raras. Material y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo y observacional realizado a través de expedientes de varones no mayores de 15 años en los que se integró en forma completa el caso y con diagnóstico definitivo de afección de genitales externos secundaria a agresión por un perro, en el que se analizaron entre otras variables: edad, procedencia, circunstancias, sitio y tipo de lesión. Resultados. Se estudiaron 8 pacientes entre los 6 y los 12 años de edad en quienes se encontró lesión testicular, escrotal o prepucial debido a mordedura por perro. Cinco de los animales fueron mestizos y tres de raza rotweiller. Las circunstancias fueron diversas, en todos fue suficiente la reparación primaria y no hubieron complicaciones. Conclusiones. El grupo de pacientes es pequeño, sin embargo, se puede concluir que este tipo de eventos son de presentación dramática, de fácil manejo y buen pronóstico.

Acidentes de mordeduras de cäes na infância / Dog bites and accidents in children

Estudou-se a incidência de casos de mordeduras caninas atendidas em uma unidade básica de saúde da cidade de Ribeiräo Preto, SP, no período de 1993 a 1997, entre crianças com idades de 0 a 15 anos. Os dados encontrados mostraram a importância de se promover programas educativos sobre os riscos dessas ocorrências para evitar acidentes causados por contatos com cäes

Mordedura de perro, la rabia y otras infecciones bacterianas / Dog bite, rabies and other bacterial infections

Si se consideran las consultas por mordeduras de mamíferos en los servicios de urgencia, las más frecuentes son por mordeduras de perro (80 por ciento), 6 por ciento por mordeduras de gato, entre un 1-3 por ciento por mordeduras humanas y menos frecuentemente por animales salvajes (roedores, zorros, etc). La mayor parte de las mordeduras de perro son secundarias a provocación, en un porcentaje estimado de un 55 por ciento y se presentan principalmente en cabeza y cuello (67 por ciento). Afectan más a los hombres (53 por ciento) que a las mujeres (43 por ciento). Hay predominio claro de la población pediátrica con una tasa de incidencia de 6,4/1.000 v/s en los adultos un 2/1.000, es decir, es 3,2 veces más frecuente en niños, con un rango de edad que varía entre los 6,2 ñ 4,2 años. Cabe destacar que en los niños menores de cinco años las lesiones se producen principalmente en cabeza y cuello (61 por ciento), siendo menos frecuente en extremidades (29 por ciento) y otras partes del cuerpo (8 por ciento), invirtiéndose esta relación mientras mayor es la edad del niño. De éstas el 10 por ciento de las lesiones requiere sutura quirúrgica y sólo el 1-2 por ciento tiene indicación de hospitalización

Scorpion sting epidemiology in Montes municipality of the State of Sucre, Venezuela: geographic distribuition

Os autores estudam o escorpionismo no Municipio de Montes, Estado Sucre, Venezuela. Durante o periodo 1980 a 1990, foi registrado um total de 184 acidentes causados por escorpioes, com indice de incidencia de 38,6 casos por 10.000 habitantes. A localidade de Sao Fernando apresentou a maior probabilidade para o acidente com incidencia de 68,3 por cento. A maioria dos casos graves foi observada nas populacoes de Arenas (27 por cento), Sao Lourenzo (21 por cento) e Cocollar (19 por cento), localizadas no pe da montanha da sub-regiao geografica do macico montanhoso do Turimiquire, areas de dispersao definidas para especies do genero Tityus. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que esta regiao do Estado Sucre e endemica para o acidente peconhento causado por escorpioes que assumem importancia como problema de saude publica