RESUMO
Las fracturas con hundimiento de cráneo sin una explicación clara sobre su origen orientan al traumatismo con un objeto romo y a la sospecha de maltrato infantil. En el caso de los bebés recién nacidos, su corta edad es un factor de vulnerabilidad y obliga a una exhaustiva evaluación. Ante la sospecha de maltrato infantil, resulta importante evaluar los diagnósticos diferenciales para realizar la intervención más adecuada posible. Es necesario evitar tanto intervenciones excesivas como omitir la intervención que sea necesaria. Las fracturas craneales deprimidas congénitas, descritas como "fracturas pingpong", son raras (0,3 a 2/10 000 partos). Pueden aparecer sin antecedentes traumáticos o en partos instrumentalizados. Se describe en este artículo el caso de un recién nacido con una fractura ping-pong como ejemplo de una fractura no intencional.
Depressed skull fractures without a clear explanation as to their origin point to trauma with a blunt object and suspected child abuse. In the case of newborn infants, their young age is a vulnerability factor and requires an exhaustive assessment. When child abuse is suspected, an assessment of the differential diagnoses is required to make the most appropriate intervention possible. Both an excessive intervention and an omission of a necessary intervention should be avoided. Congenital depressed skull fractures, described as "ping-pong fractures", are rare (0.3 to 2/10 000 births). They may appear without any trauma history or in instrumentalized childbirth. Here we describe the case of a newborn infant with a ping-pong fracture as an example of an accidental fracture.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Maus-Tratos Infantis/diagnóstico , Fratura do Crânio com Afundamento/congênito , Fratura do Crânio com Afundamento/diagnóstico , Parto Obstétrico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Abuso FísicoRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo Analisar as evidências disponíveis na literatura acerca do insucesso da indução do trabalho de parto com misoprostol em gestações a termo. Métodos Revisão integrativa, realizada entre janeiro e novembro de 2022, cuja pergunta de pesquisa e descritores foram delineados por meio da estratégia PECO. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados MEDLINE; Web of Science; CINAHL; EMBASE e Scopus por duas pesquisadoras de forma independente, assim como a avaliação. Para a fase de seleção e identificação dos estudos foi utilizado o Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A avaliação do risco de viés dos artigos incluídos foi realizada através do questionário Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Resultados Foram identificados 3.674 artigos, 84 foram lidos na íntegra, dos quais 11 compuseram a revisão (n=9.010 gestantes), com publicação entre os anos de 2005 a 2021, sendo a maioria nos Estados Unidos. Quanto ao nível de evidência, todos os artigos foram classificados como 2b, avaliada coforme o delineamento de cada investigação. O estudo apontou evidências quanto aos seguintes fatores: IMC elevado (maior igual a 30kg/m2), nuliparidade, bishop imaturo, comprimento cervical (maior igual a 30mm), estatura, etnia (não caucasianas do sul da Europa) e peso fetal (maior igual a 4kg). Conclusão Alcançou-se o objetivo do estudo tendo sido demonstrado seis fatores maternos e um fetal que podem levar ao insucesso da indução. Vale ressaltar a necessidade de evidências que incorporem a individualidade de cada característica e destaca-se a contribuição desse estudo para embasar a escolha da melhor conduta para cada gestação de forma individualizada.
Resumen Objetivo Analizar las evidencias disponibles en la literatura acerca del fracaso de la inducción del trabajo de parto con misoprostol en gestaciones a término. Métodos Revisión integradora, realizada entre enero y noviembre de 2022, cuya pregunta de investigación y descriptores fueron definidos mediante la estrategia PECO. Las búsquedas fueron realizadas en las bases de datos MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE y Scopus por dos investigadoras de forma independiente, al igual que la evaluación. Para la fase de selección e identificación de los estudios se utilizó el Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo de los artículos incluidos se realizó a través del cuestionario Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Resultados Se identificaron 3.674 artículos, 84 se leyeron en su totalidad, de los cuales 11 conformaron la revisión (n=9.010 mujeres embarazadas), publicados entre los años 2005 y 2021, la mayoría en Estados Unidos. Respecto al nivel de evidencia, todos los artículos fueron clasificados como 2b, evaluada de acuerdo con el diseño de cada investigación. El estudio indicó evidencias respecto a los siguientes factores: IMC elevado (mayor igual a 30 kg/m2), nuliparidad, bishop bajo, longitud cervical (mayor o igual a 30 mm), estatura, etnia (no caucasoide del sur de Europa) y peso fetal (mayor igual a 4 kg). Conclusión Se alcanzó el objetivo del estudio y se demostraron seis factores maternos y uno fetal que pueden llevar al fracaso de la inducción. Cabe resaltar la necesidad de evidencias que incorporen la individualidad de cada característica y se destaca la contribución de este estudio para fundamentar la elección de la mejor conducta en cada gestación de forma individualizada.
Abstract Objective To analyze the evidence available in literature regarding unsuccessful labor induction with misoprostol in full-term pregnancies. Methods This is an integrative review, carried out between January and November 2022, whose research question and descriptors were outlined using the PECO strategy. The searches were carried out in the MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, EMBASE and Scopus databases by two researchers independently as well as assessment. For the study selection and identification phase, the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) was used. The risk of bias assessment of included articles was carried out using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results A total of 3,674 articles were identified, and 84 were read in full, of which 11 comprised the review (n=9,010 pregnant women), published between 2005 and 2021, with the majority in the United States. Regarding the level of evidence, all articles were classified as 2b, assessed according to the design of each study. The study showed evidence regarding the following factors: High BMI (greater than 30 kg/m2), nulliparity, immature bishop, cervical length (greater than 30 mm), height, ethnicity (non-Caucasians from southern Europe) and fetal weight (greater equal to 4 kg). Conclusion The objective study was achieved, having demonstrated six maternal factors and one fetal factor that can lead to unsuccessful induction. It is worth highlighting the need for evidence that incorporates the individuality of each characteristic and the contribution of this study to support the choice of the best conduct for each pregnancy on an individual basis stands out.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Misoprostol , Parto Obstétrico , Gestantes , Nascimento a Termo , Trabalho de Parto Induzido , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
Objetivo: Evaluar la usabilidad de un dispositivo para medir el dolor durante el trabajo de parto a través de siete ítems: tamaño, textura, facilidad de uso, peso, resistencia, comodidad y seguridad. Método: Estudio descriptivo. Se solicitó a 60 pacientes usar el sensor manual durante el transcurso de seis contracciones uterinas (aproximadamente 10-20 minutos) y al día siguiente se aplicó una encuesta en la que las pacientes evaluaron la usabilidad del dispositivo en cuanto a textura, peso, resistencia, comodidad, facilidad de uso, tamaño del sensor, seguridad de uso, peso del sensor, resistencia y comodidad, mediante una escala de Likert de 1 a 7. La seguridad fue evaluada con una escala de 1 a 5. Resultados: Se realizaron gráficos de caja. Con respecto a la seguridad, un 86% de las usuarias marcaron 5 puntos en la escala, percibiendo el dispositivo como seguro. Conclusiones: El dispositivo fue percibido como seguro, liviano, fácil de usar y cómodo.
Objective: To evaluate the usability of a device to measure pain during labor through seven items: size, texture, ease of use, weight, resistance, comfort, and safety. Method: Longitudinal observational study. 60 patients were asked to use the manual sensor during the course of six uterine contractions (approximately 10-20 minutes) and the following day a survey was applied where the patients evaluated the usability of the device in terms of texture, weight, resistance, comfort, easiness of use, sensor size, safety of use, sensor weight, resistance and comfort through a Likert scale from 1 to 7. Safety was evaluated with a scale from 1 to 5. Results: They were schematized with a box plot. Regarding safety, 86% of the users scored 5 points on the scale, perceiving the device as safe. Conclusions: It can be seen that the device was perceived as safe, light, easy to use and comfortable.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adolescente , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Medição da Dor/instrumentação , Dor do Parto/diagnóstico , Trabalho de Parto , Parto Obstétrico , Desenho de EquipamentoRESUMO
Objetivo: Avaliar a taxa de cesáreas e suas principais indicações com base na classificação de Robson na Maternidade Municipal de São Vicente em 2020, um hospital público de risco habitual. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal observacional. Foram efetuadas revisão, correção e análise retrospectiva e documental da classificação de Robson na Maternidade Municipal de São Vicente. Foram analisados partos de janeiro a dezembro de 2020, dos quais foram coletadas e ordenadas as informações mais relevantes para a pesquisa. Resultados: Uma amostra de 1.627 partos foi encontrada. A taxa geral de cesáreas encontrada foi de 46,3%. A contribuição relativa dos grupos 1, 2 e 5 para a taxa de cesáreas foi de 16,8%, 13,3% e 46,8%, respectivamente, enquanto a contribuição relativa das indicações de cesáreas foi de 25,5% para parto cesáreo anterior e de 21,5% para sofrimento fetal agudo. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada alta taxa de cesáreas, e as principais indicações foram cesárea prévia e sofrimento fetal agudo. Os grupos 1, 2 e 5 da classificação de Robson foram os que mais contribuíram para essa taxa.
Objective: To evaluate the cesarean section rate and the cesarean indication rate based on Robson Classification during 2020 in Sã o Vicente's Municipal Maternity, a habitual-risk public hospital. Methods: This is a cross-sectional observational study. We have reviewed, corrected, analyzed retrospectively and documented Robson Classification in Sã o Vicente's Municipal Maternity. Births from January to December 2020 were analyzed, from which the main data for the research was collected and organized. Results: A sample of 1,627 births was found. The overall rate of cesarean section was 46.3%. The relative contribution of groups 1, 2 and 5 to the cesarean rate was 16.8%, 13.3% and 46.8%, respectively. While the cesarean indication relative contribution was 25.5% for previous cesarean and 21.5% for fetal distress. Conclusion: We found a high cesarean rate and the main indications were previous cesarean and fetal distress. Robson classification groups 1, 2 and 5 contributed the most to this rate.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Parto Obstétrico/estatística & dados numéricos , Placenta Acreta , Placenta Prévia , Saúde Materno-Infantil , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea , Medição de RiscoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION@#There has been a global decrease in operative vaginal deliveries, with a marked shift towards the vacuum extractor. However, little is known about the trends in operative vaginal delivery in Singapore.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on all operative vaginal deliveries performed from 2012 to 2017 at Singapore General Hospital (SGH). Maternal outcomes in terms of postpartum haemorrhage and obstetric anal sphincter injuries were compared between forceps- and vacuum-assisted deliveries. Neonatal outcomes in terms of neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission and clinically significant neonatal events were compared. The instrument preference of obstetricians was analysed.@*RESULTS@#A total of 906 consecutive operative vaginal deliveries were included in the study, comprising 461 forceps- and 445 vacuum-assisted deliveries. The rate of operative vaginal delivery was maintained at approximately 10% from 2012 to 2017. Neonatal cephalohematomas were more common after vacuum-assisted deliveries. Other maternal and neonatal outcomes did not differ significantly between the two groups. Clinically significant neonatal events were mostly due to shoulder dystocia, whereas all cases of NICU admissions were not directly related to the mode of delivery. Obstetricians' choice of instrument appeared to reflect personal preference and was not affected by the year of graduation.@*CONCLUSION@#The rates of neonatal and maternal morbidity were low at SGH. Overall instrument use of forceps and vacuum was balanced, and proficiency in both was demonstrated by all operators. Operative vaginal delivery remains an essential skill in facilitating safe vaginal delivery, which should be maintained to keep Caesarean section rates in check.
Assuntos
Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Humanos , Feminino , Cesárea , Estudos Retrospectivos , Vácuo-Extração/efeitos adversos , Hospitais Gerais , Forceps Obstétrico/efeitos adversos , Parto ObstétricoRESUMO
Objetivo: compreender as motivações das mulheres na escolha do parto domiciliar planejado e as percepções dessa vivência. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório e qualitativo, desenvolvido com 14 mulheres que vivenciaram um parto domiciliar planejado entre janeiro de 2019 e dezembro de 2020. As entrevistas foram realizadas entre março e maio de 2021, transcritas na íntegra e submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Resultados: a análise possibilitou compreender que as motivações para escolha do parto domiciliar planejado estiveram relacionadas ao sentimento de medo das práticas obstétricas hospitalares. A segurança no ambiente domiciliar, a garantia da autonomia e a possibilidade da presença dos filhos foram tanto motivações como percepções positivas dessa vivência. A resistência por parte da sociedade foi frequentemente vivenciada. Conclusão: o modelo obstétrico vigente precisa ser repensado e readequado, com vistas à oferta assistência ao parto segura e respeitosa, seja em âmbito domiciliar ou hospitalar.
Objetivo: comprender las motivaciones de las mujeres en la elección del parto domiciliario planeado y las percepciones de esa vivencia. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio y cualitativo, desarrollado con 14 mujeres que experimentaron un parto domiciliario planeado entre enero de 2019 y diciembre de 2020. Las entrevistas se realizaron entre marzo y mayo de 2021, transcritas en su totalidad y sometidas al análisis de contenido. Resultados: el análisis permitió comprender que las motivaciones para la elección del parto domiciliar planeado estuvieron relacionadas con el sentimiento de miedo de las prácticas obstétricas hospitalarias. La seguridad en el ambiente domiciliario, la garantía de la autonomía y la posibilidad de la presencia de los hijos fueron tanto motivaciones como percepciones positivas de esa vivencia. La resistencia por parte de la sociedad fue frecuentemente experimentada. Conclusión: el modelo obstétrico vigente necesita ser repensado y readequado, con vistas a la oferta asistencia al parto segura y respetuosa, sea en ámbito domiciliar u hospitalario.
Objective to understand the motivations of women in choosing the planned home birth and the perceptions of this experience. Method: descriptive, exploratory and qualitative study, developed with 14 women who experienced a planned home birth between January 2019 and December 2020. The interviews were conducted between March and May 2021, transcribed in full and submitted to content analysis. Results: the allowed understanding that the motivations for choosing planned home birth were related to the feeling of fear of hospital obstetric practices. Safety in the home environment, the guarantee of autonomy and the possibility of the presence of children were both motivations and positive perceptions of this experience. Resistance on the part of society was often experienced. Conclusion: the current obstetric model needs to be rethought and readjusted, in order to provide safe and respectful birth, whether at home or in the hospital.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Parto Obstétrico/psicologia , Parto Domiciliar/psicologia , Motivação , Parto Normal/psicologia , Pesquisa QualitativaRESUMO
Introducción: La placenta sintetiza y secreta varias hormonas que permiten la regulación del embarazo, el trabajo de parto y la adaptación metabólica materno-fetal. Su comportamiento asociado al tipo de parto puede dar información relevante sobre efectos epigenéticos. Objetivo: Describir el tipo de parto con los niveles de oxitocina, cortisol y hormonas tiroideas en plasma de cordón umbilical al nacer. Método: A 50 mujeres con embarazos principalmente normales se les cuantificaron los niveles neurohormonales en plasma de cordón umbilical, obtenido inmediatamente tras el periodo expulsivo. Los resultados se incorporaron a la base de datos clínicos de cada participante y se analizaron con Stata v.14.0. El protocolo fue aprobado por el comité de ética. Resultados: Hubo 33 partos vaginales (12 espontáneos, 13 acelerados y 8 inducidos) y 17 cesáreas (7 electivas y 10 de urgencia). Se observaron mayores niveles de cortisol en los partos vaginales acelerados; las cesáreas tuvieron menores niveles de cortisol y hormona estimulante de la tiroides. Las intervenciones clínicas, con altos o bajos niveles hormonales, están en directa relación con el tipo de parto. Conclusiones: El cortisol y la hormona estimulante de la tiroides medidos en plasma de cordón umbilical variaron según el tipo de parto. Esto es una primera cuantificación de hormonas en plasma de cordón umbilical y su posible regulación placentaria a propósito del tipo de parto.
Introduction: The placenta synthesizes and secretes several hormones allowing the regulation of pregnancy, labor and maternal-fetal metabolic adaptation. Their behavior associated with the type of delivery, may provide relevant information on epigenetic effects. Objective: To describe the type of delivery with the levels of oxytocin, cortisol and thyroid hormones in umbilical cord plasma at birth. Method: Neurohormonal levels from umbilical cord plasma obtained immediately post expulsion, were quantified in 50 women with mainly normal pregnancies. Results incorporated into the clinical database of each participant, statistically analyzed in Stata v.14.0. Protocol approved by ethics committee. Results: 33 were vaginal deliveries (12 spontaneous, 13 accelerated, 8 induced) and 17 cesarean sections (7 elective and 10 emergency). Higher cortisol levels were observed in accelerated vaginal deliveries, cesarean sections had lower cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone levels. While clinical interventions, with high or low hormone levels, were related to the type of delivery. Conclusions: Cortisol and thyroid stimulating hormone measured in umbilical cord plasma varied according to the type of delivery. This is a first quantification of hormones in umbilical cord plasma and their possible placental regulation in relation to the type of delivery.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Hormônios Placentários/metabolismo , Parto Obstétrico , Sangue Fetal/química , Hormônios Tireóideos/análise , Cordão Umbilical/química , Hidrocortisona/análise , Ocitocina/análise , Cesárea , Estudos Transversais , Circulação PlacentáriaRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aims to assess the degree of adequacy of prenatal care (PNC) in the state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and in its 7 macro-regions considering the time of PNC initiation and the number of appointments attended. It also aims to verify the mode of delivery prevalence and the factors associated with PNC adequacy by mode of delivery. METHODS Sub analysis from a cross-sectional study conducted among 13,432 childbearing women aged 15-49 years assisted in 66 maternity hospitals of the Unified Health System (SUS) and private associated facilities from September 2017 to October 2019. A standardized form was used to collect sociodemographic data, and information about PNC and delivery from the childbearing women's prenatal cards, hospital records, and medical reports. RESULTS The PNC coverage was (98.4%), but only 57.5% of the participants had an adequate PNC defined as the one initiated until the 12th gestational week, with attendance of at least 6 appointments. The cesarean rate was 57.2%. Among women who performed vaginal delivery, multivariate analysis showed that for each 1-year increase in the age of the parturient, the chance of having an adequate PNC increased by 5%. White parturients with higher education and fewer deliveries residing in the macro-region of Valleys were more likely to have an adequate PNC when compared with non-white parturients, who were illiterate and/or had incomplete elementary school, with 3 or more deliveries and who resided in other macro-regions. During pregnancy, 96.0% of the women performed at least one anti-HIV test, 55.8% a rapid test for syphilis, and 75.0% a Venereal Disease Research Laboratory test (VDRL). CONCLUSIONS Despite the almost universal PNC coverage in RS, the PNC offered by the SUS was adequate for just half of the population, therefore public health policies targeted at women receiving care in this setting shall be revisited.
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Cobertura de Serviços de Saúde , Qualidade, Acesso e Avaliação da Assistência à Saúde , Parto Obstétrico , Serviços de Saúde MaternaRESUMO
ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To descriptively analyze Brazilian parturient women who underwent previous cesarean section and point out the factors associated with Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) in Brazil. METHODS The study used data from women with one, two, or three or more cesarean sections from the survey Nascer no Brasil (Birth in Brazil). Differences between categories were assessed through the chi-square test (χ2). Variables with significant differences (p < 0.05) were incorporated into logistic regression. FINDINGS Out of the total of 23,894 women, 20.9% had undergone a previous cesarean section. The majority (85.1%) underwent another cesarean section, with 75.5% occurring before the onset of labor. The rate of Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) was 14.9%, with a success rate of 60.8%. Women who underwent three or more cesarean sections displayed greater social vulnerability. The chances of VBAC were higher among those who opted for a vaginal birth towards the end of gestation, had a prior vaginal birth, underwent labor induction, were admitted with over 4 centimeters of dilation, and without partner. Receiving care from the private health care system, having two or more prior cesarean sections, obstetric complications, and deciding on cesarean delivery late in gestation reduced the chances of VBAC. Age group, educational background, prenatal care adequacy, and the reason for the previous cesarean section did not result in significant differences. CONCLUSION The majority of women who underwent a previous cesarean section in Brazil are directed towards another surgery, and a higher number of cesarean sections is linked to greater social inequality. Factors associated with VBAC included choosing vaginal birth towards the end of gestation, having had a previous vaginal birth, higher cervical dilation upon admission, induction, assistance from the public health care system, absence of obstetric complications, and without a partner. Efforts to promote VBAC are necessary to reduce overall cesarean rates and their repercussions on maternal and child health.
RESUMO OBJETIVO Analisar descritivamente as parturientes brasileiras com cesariana anterior e apontar os fatores associados ao parto vaginal após cesárea (Vaginal Birht After Cesarean- VBAC) no Brasil. MÉTODOS Foram utilizados dados de mulheres com uma, duas ou três e mais cesáreas da pesquisa Nascer no Brasil. As diferenças entre categorias foram avaliadas pelo teste de qui-quadrado (χ2). As variáveis que apresentaram diferença significativa (< 0,05) foram incluídas em regressão logística. RESULTADOS Do total de 23.894 mulheres, 20,9% tinham cesárea anterior. A maior parte (85,1%) foi submetida a outra cesárea, 75,5% antes do início do trabalho de parto. A porcentagem de VBAC foi de 14,9%, uma taxa de sucesso de 60,8%. Mulheres com três cesáreas ou mais apresentaram maior vulnerabilidade social. As chances de VBAC foram maiores entre aquelas decididas pelo parto vaginal no fim da gestação, com parto vaginal anterior, indução de parto, admitidas com mais de 4 centímetros de dilatação e sem companheiro. Assistência no sistema privado, ter duas cesáreas ou mais, complicações obstétricas e decisão por cesariana no final da gestação diminuíram as chances de VBAC. Faixa etária, escolaridade, adequação do pré-natal e razão da cesárea anterior não apresentaram diferença significativa. CONCLUSÃO A maior parte das mulheres com cesárea anterior no Brasil é encaminhada para uma nova cirurgia, e o maior número de cesáreas está associado à maior iniquidade social. Os fatores associados ao VBAC foram decisão pelo parto vaginal no fim da gestação, parto vaginal anterior, maior dilatação cervical na internação, indução, atendimento no sistema público de saúde, ausência de complicações obstétricas e ausência de companheiro. São necessárias ações de estímulo ao VBAC, visando reduzir taxas globais de cesarianas e suas consequências para a saúde materno-infantil.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Nascimento Vaginal Após Cesárea/estatística & dados numéricos , Parto Obstétrico , Saúde Materna , Parto Normal , Fatores Socioeconômicos , BrasilRESUMO
En los últimos tiempos, la praxis de la cesárea en los centros hospitalarios se ha incrementado notablemente, el cual es ha sido corroborado según fuentes del INEI, por su parte, la OMS estandarizó que la variabilidad máxima es el 15%, superado aquello genera un grave problema al estado en cuestiones económicos, para constatar la problemática se tuvo en cuenta el objetivo de caracterizar a las mujeres de parto por cesárea a través de variables obstétricas desde la perspectiva de Robson, por lo que la investigación correspondió al enfoque cuantitativo, tipo no experimental y diseño descriptivo, la muestra representada por 1365 mujeres registradas en el base de datos correspondientes al 2019. El análisis de los resultados obedeció al método inductivo-deductivo, la misma que permitió diferenciar la tasa global de cesárea, el modelo de Robson mostró como resultado el 53%, cifra que supera en 38% a lo que establece la OMS, mientras que los grupos con mayor contribución a la tasa global de cesáreas fueron los grupos: 5, 1, 3 y 10. Finalmente, se concluye que la mayor cantidad de las mujeres han sido sometida al parto por cesárea, siendo mayor la tasa global durante el año indicado, en consecuencia generó mayor gasto al estado, exigiendo incrementar presupuesto al sector salud, cabe precisar que existe la posibilidad de controlar a través de la inducción a las mujeres embarazadas para el parto vaginal aplicación de los métodos y técnicas eficaces que permitan generar confianza a la mayor población de mujeres gestantes.
In recent times, the practice of cesarean section in hospital centers has increased notably, which has been corroborated according to INEI sources, on the other hand, the WHO standardized that the maximum variability is 15%, exceeding this generates a serious problem for the state in economic matters, In order to verify the problem, the objective of characterizing women who give birth by cesarean section through obstetric variables from Robson's perspective was taken into account, so the research corresponded to the quantitative approach, non-experimental type and descriptive design, the sample represented by 1365 women registered in the database corresponding to 2019. The analysis of the results obeyed the inductive-deductive method, the same that allowed differentiating the global rate of cesarean section, Robson's model showed as a result 53%, a figure that exceeds by 38% what the WHO establishes, while the groups with the highest contribution to the global rate of cesarean section were the groups: 5, 1, 3 and 10. Finally, it is concluded that most women have been subjected to cesarean delivery, being higher the overall rate during the year indicated, consequently generated greater expenditure to the state, requiring increased budget to the health sector, it should be noted that there is the possibility of controlling through the induction of pregnant women for vaginal delivery application of effective methods and techniques to generate confidence to the largest population of pregnant women.
Nos últimos tempos, a prática da cesárea nos centros hospitalares tem aumentado notavelmente, o que tem sido corroborado de acordo com fontes do INEI, enquanto a OMS padronizou que a variabilidade máxima é de 15%, o que gera um grave problema para o Estado em questões econômicas, A fim de verificar o problema, foi levado em conta o objetivo de caracterizar as mulheres que dão à luz por cesárea através de variáveis obstétricas da perspectiva de Robson, de modo que a pesquisa correspondeu à abordagem quantitativa, tipo não experimental e desenho descritivo, a amostra representada por 1365 mulheres registradas no banco de dados correspondente a 2019. A análise dos resultados obedeceu ao método indutivo-dedutivo, que nos permitiu diferenciar a taxa geral de cesárea, o modelo de Robson mostrou um resultado de 53%, que é 38% maior do que o estabelecido pela OMS, enquanto os grupos com maior contribuição para a taxa geral de cesárea foram os grupos 5, 1, 3 e 10. Finalmente, conclui-se que a maioria das mulheres passou por cesarianas, sendo a taxa geral mais alta durante o ano em questão, e como resultado, o Estado gastou mais dinheiro, exigindo um aumento no orçamento do setor de saúde. Deve-se notar que é possível controlar as mulheres grávidas através da indução ao parto vaginal, aplicando métodos e técnicas eficazes que gerarão confiança na população maior de mulheres grávidas.
Assuntos
Parto , Trabalho de Parto Induzido , Parto Obstétrico , GestantesRESUMO
Resumen Introducción: Tanto a nivel sudamericano como mundial, el incremento de la tasa de cesáreas electivas ha sido abrumante. Esto se considera un problema de salud pública, ya que el parto vaginal es la vía más fisiológica para el nacimiento y trae beneficios de salud para la madre y el recién nacido, tanto inmediatos como a futuro. Objetivo: Evaluar la postura de mujeres nuligestas en edad fértil acerca de las vías del parto a través de sus conocimientos, percepciones y preferencias. Método: Estudio de corte transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta a estudiantes universitarias para la recopilación de datos mediante SPSS, y análisis con prueba de diferencias de proporciones y de χ2. Resultados: 210 mujeres encuestadas. Un 80% de ellas desconoce la menor morbilidad infantil asociada a un parto vaginal, más de la mitad estima una ventaja de la cesárea que evite el dolor y un gran porcentaje desconoce los riesgos médicos asociados a la cesárea. Conclusiones: Existe un alto nivel de desconocimiento respecto a beneficios, riesgos y consecuencias de las diferentes vías del parto.
Abstract Introduction: Both in South America and worldwide, the increase in the rate of elective caesarean sections has been overwhelming. This is considered a public health problem, since vaginal delivery is the most physiological route for birth and brings health benefits for the mother and the newborn, immediately and in the future. Objective: To evaluate the position of nulliparous women of childbearing age regarding the delivery pathways through their knowledge, perceptions, and preferences. Method: Cross-sectional study with an analytical component. A survey was applied to university students for data collection through SPSS, and analysis was made with the difference of proportions and χ2 test. Results: 210 women surveyed; 80% of them are unaware of the lower infant morbidity associated with a vaginal delivery, more than a half estimate an advantage of a cesarean section that it avoids pain, and a large percentage are unaware of the medical risks associated with cesarean sections. Conclusions: There is a high level of ignorance regarding the benefits, risks and consequences of the different delivery routes.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Estudantes/psicologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Parto Obstétrico/psicologia , Comportamento Reprodutivo/psicologia , Paridade , Percepção , Universidades , Cesárea/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Etários , Parto/psicologia , Período FértilRESUMO
Abstract Pericardial agenesis is a rare congenital anomaly found predominantly in men, and its complete form is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. This report describes the case of a pregnant patient with complete pericardial agenesis in which mode of delivery and sterilization raised debate among specialists.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Pericárdio/anormalidades , Parto Obstétrico , Pericárdio/diagnóstico por imagem , Esterilização Reprodutiva , EcocardiografiaRESUMO
Introduction: Pelvic anatomy remains a challenge, and thorough knowledge of its intricate landmarks has major clinical and surgical implications in several medical specialties. The peritoneal reflection is an important landmark in intraluminal surgery, rectal trauma, impalement, and rectal adenocarcinoma. Objectives: To investigate the correlation between the lengths of the middle rectal valve and of the peritoneal reflection determined with rigid sigmoidoscopy and to determine whether there are any differences in the location of the peritoneal reflection between the genders and in relation to body mass index (BMI) and parity. Design: We prospectively investigated the location of the middle rectal valve and of the peritoneal reflection via intraoperative rigid sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery. Results: We evaluated 38 patients with a mean age of 55.5 years old (57.5% males) who underwent colorectal surgery at the coloproctology service of the Hospital Santa Marcelina, São Paulo, state of São Paulo, Brazil. There was substantial agreement between the lengths of the middle rectal valve and of the peritoneal reflection (Kappa = 0.66). In addition, the peritoneal reflection was significantly lower in overweight patients (p = 0.013 for women and p < 0.005 for men) and in women with > 2 vaginal deliveries (p = 0.009), but there was no significant difference in the length of the peritoneal reflection between genders (p = 0.32). Conclusion: There was substantial agreement between the lengths of the peritoneal reflection and of the middle rectal valve, and the peritoneal reflection was significantly lower in overweight patients and in women with more than two vaginal deliveries. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cavidade Peritoneal/anatomia & histologia , Reto/irrigação sanguínea , Reto/anatomia & histologia , Perfil de Saúde , Índice de Massa Corporal , Caracteres Sexuais , Sigmoidoscopia , Parto ObstétricoRESUMO
OBJETIVO: Explorar la percepción de mujeres en edad reproductiva con respecto a las vías del parto reportada en la evidencia disponible. MÉTODO: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistematizada de artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. La búsqueda se realizó entre agosto y noviembre del año 2020. Los términos MeSH usados fueron "Perception", "Delivery Obstetric", "Cesarean Section" y "Woman", junto con los términos DECS "Percepción", "Parto Obstétrico", "Cesárea" y "Mujeres". Además, se utilizaron los términos libres "Perceptions", "Vaginal Delivery", "Obstetric Deliveries", "Abdominal Deliveries", "Caesarean Section" y "Womens Groups". En la totalidad de las bases de datos utilizadas se aplicaron como límites de búsqueda "Last 5 Years" y "Free Full Text". RESULTADOS: Respecto a la percepción de las vías de parto, se constató la preferencia de la vía vaginal sobre la cesárea. Además, se evidenciaron factores que influyen en el proceso, tales como miedo, experiencia previa, influencia de terceros, religión, cultura, nivel socioeconómico y zona demográfica. CONCLUSIONES: La evidencia revisada sugiere que las mujeres prefieren la vía del parto vaginal sobre la cesárea, siendo el miedo el factor más influyente al momento de su elección, seguido por los factores asociados a experiencias previas, el nivel socioeconómico y las creencias.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the perception of women of reproductive age regarding delivery routes reported in the available evidence. METHOD: A systematized review of articles in PubMed, SciELO, SCOPUS, Web of Science, LILACS, Cochrane Library, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud databases, was carried out. The search was conducted between August and November 2020. MeSH descriptors "Perception", "Delivery Obstetric", "Cesarean Section" and "Woman", along with DECS descriptors "Percepciones", "Parto Obstétrico", "Cesárea" and "Mujeres", were used. Also, free terms "Perceptions", "Vaginal Delivery", "Obstetric Deliveries", "Abdominal Deliveries", "Caesarean Section" and "Womens Groups". In the totality of databases limits of search "Last 5 years" and "Free Full Text", were used. RESULTS: Regarding the perception of the delivery routes, the preference of the vaginal route over caesarean section was verified. In addition, factors that influence the process such as fear, previous experience, influence of third parties, religion, culture, socioeconomic level and demographic area were evidenced. CONCLUSIONS: The reviewed evidence suggests that women prefer the vaginal delivery route over caesarean section with fear being the most influential factor at the time of their choice, and secondly, the factors associated with previous experiences, socioeconomic level and beliefs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Percepção , Cesárea/psicologia , Parto Obstétrico/psicologiaRESUMO
La terapia de balón, también conocida como esferodinamia, es un ejercicio que estira y relaja los músculos pélvicos al usar una pelota suiza, que, al ser incorporada al trabajo de parto, reduce la duración de su primera fase y disminuye el dolor. El objetivo de la revisión es describir su aplicación como medida no farmacológica para el manejo del dolor y sus efectos en la evolución del trabajo de parto. Para alcanzar esto, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica basándose en artículos científicos publicados en los últimos cinco años. Esta técnica no farmacológica ha demostrado beneficios en el manejo del dolor y la ansiedad materna. Durante el embarazo y el trabajo de parto, esta terapia promueve la corrección postural, la relajación y el estiramiento de los músculos del piso pélvico. Además, ayuda en el descenso y rotación de la cabeza fetal y aumenta la dilatación del cuello uterino, facilitando el parto natural. La terapia de balón reduce el tiempo de trabajo de parto y es una medida eficaz no farmacológica para el manejo del dolor. Así mismo, ayuda a corregir la presentación fetal y evita procedimientos obstétricos
Ball therapy, also known as spherodynamics, is an exercise that stretches and relaxes the pelvic muscles using a Swiss ball, which, when incorporated into labor, reduces the duration of its first phase and decreases pain. The objective of the review is to describe its application as a non-pharmacological measure for pain management and its effects on the evolution of labor. To achieve this, a bibliographic review was carried out based on scientific articles published in the last five years. This non-pharmacological technique has shown benefits in the management of maternal pain and anxiety. During pregnancy and labor, this therapy promotes postural correction, relaxation, and stretching of the pelvic floor muscles. In addition, it helps in the descent and rotation of the fetal head and increases the dilation of the cervix, facilitating natural childbirth. Balloon therapy reduces the time of labor and is an effective non-pharmacological measure for pain management. Likewise, it helps correct fetal presentation and avoids obstetric procedures
Assuntos
Trabalho de Parto , Parto Obstétrico , Parto , Manejo da Dor , Relaxamento , Exercício Físico , Colo do Útero , DilataçãoRESUMO
Resumo Gestar e parir na prisão pode aprofundar relações de poder e mecanismos promotores de desigualdades na assistência prestada a mulheres e crianças, com consequências negativas na vida de ambos. O tema suscitou uma pesquisa que objetivou compreender as experiências de gestação e parto de mulheres em situação prisional. Método: estudo qualitativo, sob perspectivas teóricas que abordam interseccionalidades entre raça, gênero e classe social. O estudo foi realizado a partir de entrevistas com mulheres egressas de uma penitenciária no sul do Brasil. As participantes, em sua maioria mulheres negras e periféricas, relatam terem sido submetidas a situações de violência desde a primeira abordagem policial. Quando já privadas de liberdade, foram submetidas a deficitário acesso à saúde, além de violência psicológica e moral. A experiência do parto foi permeada por violência institucional e por sentimentos de solidão e desamparo. O descumprimento de previsões legais, a reprodução da violência nas relações com os agentes de segurança e a sistemática negligência às necessidades sociais e de saúde são efeitos adicionais de opressões de gênero, raça e classe social que afetam as mulheres gestantes e parturientes em situação prisional.
Abstract Pregnancy and childbirth in prison can intensify power relationships and mechanisms that encourage inequality in care provided to women and children, with adverse consequences for the lives of both. This issue gave rise to research to understand women's experiences of pregnancy and childbirth in prison. Method: working from theoretical perspectives that address intersections among race, gender and social class, this qualitative study was conducted by interviewing women who had left a penitentiary in southern Brazil. The participants, mostly young, black women, reported being subjected to situations of violence from the first approach by the police. Once deprived of their freedom, they were subjected to humiliation, deficient access to health, as well as psychological and moral violence. The experience of childbirth was permeated by institutional violence and feelings of loneliness and helplessness. Noncompliance with legal provisions, reproduction of violence in relations with security agents and systematic neglect of social and health needs are additional effects of the gender, race and social class oppressions that affect pregnant women and nursing mothers in prison.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Criança , Prisões , Parto , Parto Obstétrico , Pesquisa Qualitativa , GestantesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE@#To evaluate the impact of a history of vaginal delivery on anesthesia management of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia without tracheal intubation.@*METHODS@#Ninety-nine patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia were enrolled in this study, including 43 patients with (VD group) and 56 patients without a history of vaginal delivery (NVD group). For all the patients, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and bispectral index (BIS) were recorded before anesthesia (T1), after anesthesia (T2), after cervical dilation (T3), and at 3 min after cervical dilation (T4). Propofol and etomidate doses during anesthesia induction, the total dose of propofol administered, additional intraoperative bolus dose and times of propofol, intraoperative body movement, total operation time and surgeons' satisfaction feedback scores were compared between the two groups. The postoperative awake time, recovery time, VAS score at 30 min after operation, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were also compared.@*RESULTS@#There was no significant differences in SBP, DBP, HR, SpO2, or BIS between the two groups at T1 and T2, but at T3 and T4, SBP and DBP were significantly higher in NVD group than in VD group (P < 0.01); HR was significantly higher in NVD group only at T3 (P < 0.01). The application of vasoactive drugs did not differ significantly between the two groups. The total dose of propofol, additional intraoperative dose and times of propofol were all greater in NVD group than in VD group (P < 0.01). More body movements of the patients were observed in NVD group (P < 0.01), which also had lower surgeons' satisfaction score for anesthesia (P < 0.01), higher postoperative VAS score (P < 0.05), and shorter postoperative awake time (P < 0.05) and recovery time (P < 0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#A history of vaginal delivery has a significant impact on anesthesia management of patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery under intravenous general anesthesia without tracheal intubation in terms of hemodynamic changes, anesthetic medication, and postoperative recovery quality, suggesting the necessity of individualized anesthesia management for these patients.
Assuntos
Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Anestesia Geral , Anestesia Intravenosa , Anestésicos Intravenosos , Estudos de Coortes , Parto Obstétrico , Histeroscopia , PropofolRESUMO
Este estudo objetivou analisar os fatores sociodemográficos e reprodutivos associados ao acolhimento ao parto em estabelecimentos de saúde vinculados à Rede Cegonha no Brasil, na perspectiva das usuárias. Foram selecionados 606 serviços com amostra de 10.540 puérperas. O desfecho foi a variável latente acolhimento da puérpera, composta por cinco indicadores: apresentação dos profissionais com nome e função, chamar a gestante pelo nome, compreensão das informações dadas, se sentir bem tratada e respeitada e ter as necessidades respondidas pela equipe. As variáveis explicativas foram: idade, escolaridade, cor da pele, situação conjugal, tipo de parto, paridade e peregrinação. Foi utilizada modelagem de equações estruturais. Observaram-se maiores percentuais de mulheres com idade de 20 a 34 anos (68,31%), que se autodeclararam como pardas (56,3%), com escolaridade entre 9 e 11 anos de estudo (56,1%) e que tinham companheiro (78,8%). Houve predominância de puérperas que tiveram parto vaginal (56,6%), com um a dois filhos (46%) e que relataram não peregrinar (91,9%). Apresentaram efeito direto positivo sobre o acolhimento mulheres com maior idade (CP = 0,094; p < 0,001) e maior escolaridade (CP = 0,096; p < 0,001). O parto cesáreo apresentou efeito direto negativo (CP = -0,059; p < 0,002) e cor da pele preta e parda apresentou efeitos direto e indireto negativos (CP = -0,081; p < 0,001 e CP = -0,014; p < 0,001). Puérpera com maior idade, maior escolaridade e que tiveram parto vaginal tiveram percepção mais positiva do acolhimento nos serviços de saúde.
This study aimed to analyze sociodemographic and reproductive factors associated with childbirth care in health services affiliated with the Stork Network in Brazil, from the users' perspective. The sample included 10,540 postpartum women from 606 services. The outcome was the latent variable reception of the patient, consisting of five indicators: healthcare staff members introducing themselves stating their names and roles, calling the pregnant woman by her name, the patient's understanding of the information provided, the patient feeling well treated and respected, and the patient having her needs met by the staff. The explanatory variables were maternal age, schooling, skin color, marital status, type of delivery, parity, and number of services visited before admission for childbirth. Most of the women were 20 to 34 years of age (68.31%), self-identified as brown (56.3%), had 9 to 11 years of schooling (56.1%), and were married or lived with the partner (78.8%). There was a predominance of vaginal delivery (56.6%), with one or two previous children (46%), and reports of not having gone to more than one maternity service to be admitted (91.9%). There was a direct positive effect on reception for childbirth from patient´s higher age (SC = 0.094; p < 0.001) and more schooling (SC = 0.096; p < 0.001). Cesarean delivery had a direct negative effect (SC = -0.059; p < 0.002), and black and brown skin color had direct and indirect negative effects (SC = -0.081; p < 0.001 and SC = -0.014; p < 0.001). Older postpartum women and those with more schooling and vaginal delivery had a more positive perception of their reception by maternity services.
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los factores sociodemográficos y reproductivos, asociados a la acogida en el parto, en establecimientos de salud vinculados a la Red Cegonha en Brasil, desde la perspectiva de las usuarias. Se seleccionaron 606 servicios en una muestra de 10.540 puérperas. El resultado fue la variable latente de acogida de la puérpera, compuesta por cinco indicadores: presentación de los profesionales con nombre y función, llamar a la gestante por el nombre, comprensión de la información proporcionada, sentirse bien tratada y respetada y contar con las necesidades cubiertas por el equipo. Las variables explicativas fueron: edad, escolaridad, color de piel, situación conyugal, tipo de parto, paridad y desplazamientos largos. Se utilizó un modelado de ecuaciones estructurales. Se observaron mayores porcentajes de mujeres con una edad comprendida entre los 20 a los 34 años (68,31%), que se autodeclararon mestizas (56,3%), con una escolaridad entre 9 y 11 años de estudio (56,1%) y que tenían compañero (78,8%). Hubo una predominancia de puérperas que tuvieron un parto vaginal (56,6%), con de 1 a 2 hijos (46%) y que informaron no realizar grandes desplazamientos (91,9%). Presentaron un efecto directo positivo sobre la acogida mujeres con mayor edad (CP = 0,094; p < 0,001) y mayor escolaridad (CP = 0,096; p < 0,001). El parto por cesárea presentó un efecto directo negativo (CP = -0,059; p < 0,002) y color de la piel negra y mestiza presentó efectos directo e indirecto negativos (CP = -0,081; p < 0,001 e CP = -0,014; p < 0,001). Puérperas con mayor edad, mayor escolaridad y que tuvieran parto vaginal tuvieron una percepción más positiva de acogida en los servicios de salud.