Mepolizumab in hypereosinophilic syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab (MEP) in the management of hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES). A systematic search was performed, and articles published until March 2021 were analyzed. The primary efficacy results evaluated were hospitalization rate related to HES, morbidity (new or worsening), relapses/failure, treatment-related adverse effects, prednisone dosage ≤10 mg/day for ≥8 weeks, and eosinophil count <600/μL for ≥8 weeks. A meta-analysis was conducted, when appropriate. Three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), with a total of 255 patients, were included. The studies contemplated the use of MEP 300 mg/SC or 750 mg/IV. According to the evaluation of the proposed outcomes, when relapse rates/therapeutic failures were assessed, there was a 26% reduction with MEP 300 mg/SC (RD=-0.26; 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.08; p=0.04) and 48% reduction with MEP 750 mg/IV (RD=-0.48; 95% CI: -0.67, -0.30; p<0.00001). For the outcomes, prednisone dosage ≤10 mg/day for ≥8 weeks was 48% (RD=0.48; 95% CI: 0.35 to 0.62; p<0.00001), and the eosinophil count <600/μL for ≥8 weeks was 51% (RD=0.51; 95% CI: 0.38 to 0.63; p<0.00001), both showed a reduction with MEP 300 mg/IV and 750 mg/IV. No statistically significant differences in treatment-related adverse effects outcomes were observed for either dosage (RD=0.09; 95% CI: -0.05 to 0.24; p=0.20; RD=0.09; 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.29; p=0.39). Despite the positive effects observed for the studied outcomes, the exact significance remains unclear.

Leucemia eosinofílica crónica con respuesta hematológica sostenida tras tratamiento con bajas dosis de imatinib / Sustained hematologic response in chronic eosinophilic leukemia with low dose imatinib. Report of one case

We report a 58 year-old-man without comorbid conditions, with a history of two months of weight loss, malaise and headache. His initial laboratory analysis showed leukocytosis of 16,100/mL with 65% eosinophils and an absolute eosinophil count of 10,465/mL. Both bone marrow biopsy and aspirate showed infiltration by mature appearing eosinophils. Treatment was started with hydroxyurea, associated with prednisone without satisfactory decrease in the eosinophil count. Polymerase chain reaction showed the presence of the gene fusion product FIP1L1/PDGFRA. Imatinib therapy was initiated, resulting in a rapid and progressive reduction in the absolute eosinophil count, with normalization at the second week of treatment. The incidence of the myeloproliferative variant causing hypereosinophilic syndrome is rare. However, the dramatic response to imatinib emphasizes the need to study the presence of the fusion product FIP1L1/PDGFRA in all patients with eosinophilia of unknown etiology.

Mesilato de imatinibe para o tratamento da síndrome hipereosinfílica / Imatinib mesylate for the treatment of hypereosinflic syndrome

CONTEXTO: A Síndrome Hipereosinofílica (SHE) é um grupo heterogêneo de doenças raras, definida por uma variedade de manifestações clínicas, como: presença persistente de eosinofilia no sangue periférico (≥1,5x109/L) por pelo menos 6 meses; ausência de uma causa secundária; e evidência de lesão em órgão alvo induzidas pela liberação de citocinas e fatores humorais dos grânulos eosinofílicos. A mutação genética mais encontrada é a fusão FIP1L1/PDGFRα. A taxa de incidência da SHE é de aproximadamente 0,035 por 100.000 pessoas-ano, já a incidência da fusão FIP1L1/ PDGFRα é em torno de 10-20% entre pacientes com hipereosinofilia idiopática. TRATAMENTO: O tratamento da SHE tenta limitar as lesões de órgãos controlando a contagem de eosinófilos e inclui prednisona, hidroxiuréia, interferon alfa e quimioterapia citotóxica. Na maioria dos casos, contudo, a doença é fatal. A TECNOLOGIA: O mesilato de imatinibe é um inibidor seletivo das proteínas tirosina quinase, incluindo o receptor alfa do fator de crescimento derivado de plaqueta (PDGFRα). O medicamento liga-se competitivamente ao receptor dependente de ATP e inibe a fosforilação da tirosina quinase. EVIDÊNCIAS CIENTÍFICAS: A evidência atualmente disponível sobre eficácia e segurança do mesilato de imatinibe para tratamento da SHE é baseada em um estudo experimental Fase II, duas séries de casos e um relato de casos. O estudo Fase II, com o melhor nível de evidência, foi realizado com 16 pacientes com a mutação FIP1L1/PDGFRα, com dose inicial diária de 100mg. Ao final do estudo, houve resposta hematológica completa em 100% dos casos em um tempo mediano de 0,8 meses (0,2-3,3) e resposta molecular completa em 75% dos pacientes (n=12) em 6 meses. O estudo demonstrou toxicidade hematológica em 31% dos pacientes e ocorreu durante as primeiras 4-6 semanas. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: A evidência atualmente disponível sobre eficácia e segurança do Mesilato de Imatinibe para tratamento da Sindrome Hipereosinofílica com a mutação FIP1L1/PDGFRα é baseada em estudos com baixa qualidade metodológica. Apesar disso, o benefício clínico demonstrado é aceitável, além do fato de ser uma doença rara, sem protocolo clínico estabelecido no SUS. O impacto orçamentário é relativamente baixo, tendo em vista o pequeno número de pacientes que possuem a doença. DELIBERAÇÃO FINAL: PORTARIA Nº 39, de 6 de outubro de 2014 - Torna pública a decisão de incorporar o mesilato de imatinibe para o tratamento da síndrome hipereosinfílica no Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS.

Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia : Masquerading as Eosinophilic Leukaemia.

Benign conditions like Tropical Pulmonary Eosinophilia(TPE) can present with very high total count and Absolute Eosinophil Count (AEC) and can mimick malignancy. Diagnostic work up for TPE should be done in any patient presenting with pulmonary symptoms and eosinophilia. Though most case series on TPE report AEC in range of 3000 to upto 20,000, very rarely AEC can rise beyond 50,000. The following case is of TPE presenting with absolute eosinophil count of >70,000. Rapid response to Diethyl carbamazine is the rule in a confirmed case of TPE.

Cardiogenic shock with hypereosinophilic syndrome.

We report a child with hypereosinophilic syndrome who presented with cardiogenic shock. In addition, she had skin and joint involvement. The clinical condition improved and eosinophil counts normalized with steroid therapy. However, the skin lesions and hypereosinophilia relapsed on stopping the steroids. The child was subsequently maintained in remission on low dose prednisolone.

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia with a unique translocation.

We report a case of chronic eosinophilic leukemia in a 9 year old girl who presented with anemia, thrombocytopenia, leucocytosis (mostly dysplastic eosinophils), lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly. There was no increase in blasts but myelofibrosis was seen in the bone marrow. A previously unreported translocation 46,XX,t(1;4)(q24;q35), was found on cytogenetic analysis and involvement of the myocardium was also present. Shortly after commencing steroids, the family abandoned therapy.

Neuropatia periférica e miosite na síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática: relato de caso / Peripheral neuropathy and myositis in idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome: case report

Descrevemos um caso de síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática, com manifestações clínicas de neuropatia periférica e sinais de miosite inflamatória. Trata-se de mulher de 20 anos de idade, que apresentou dificuldade progressiva para caminhar com quedas freqüentes e edema de membros inferiores até o nível do joelho, associado a parestesias e cãibras. O exame neurológico revelou hipotonia, arreflexia e redução da força e sensibilidade nos membros inferiores. O exame parasitológico de fezes foi negativo e o hemograma mostrou 24 por cento de eosinófilos (1848/mm ). Estudo eletrodiagnóstico mostrou comprometimento axonal sensitivo-motor nos nervos dos membros inferiores. A biópsia muscular mostrou discreta reação inflamatória perivascular e intersticial. Tratada com prednisona a paciente apresentou remissão dos sintomas em dois meses.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome manifesting as pulmonary oedema.

Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome is a progressive and fatal disease if not treated effectively. We report this case since hypereosinophilia is an uncommon cause of pulmonary oedema.

Excellent response to interferon therapy in a patient with hypereosinophilic syndrome and elevated serum immunoglobulin E levels

The hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by sustained eosinophilia for a period of at least six months with evidence of organ involvement. Its manifestations range from a benign disorder not requiring any therapy to an aggressive, malignant variety refractory to common treatments. Diverse therapies have been used, including steroids, hydroxyurea, and chemotherapy, with variable responses. Recently alpha-interferon therapy has been shown effective in this disorder. Of the various prognostic factors, elevated serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels is considered among the most favorable, with most patients presenting with a [quot ]benign[quot ] disorder, not requiring therapy. We describe a patient presenting with an aggressive variant of HES despite having elevated IgE levels. The patient had a dramatic and lasting response to alpha-interferon

Corticoidoterapia favorável na síndrome asmática associada a infiltrados pulmonares, hipereosinofilia e hiperimunoglobulinemia E / Corticoids therapy favourable in syndrome asmathmaticus associed to lung seepage, hypereosinophilic and hyperimmunoglobulinemia E

É apresentado e discutido um caso incomum de asma brônquica, associada à hipereosinofilia sangüínea, hiperimunoglobulinemia. E, acompanhada de infiltraçäo intersticial pulmonar bibasilar significativa. Houve excelente resposta terapêutica à corticoidoterapia agressiva oral, seguida de manutençäo crônica típica, com doses elevadas do aerosol de dipropionato de/beclometasona.